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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical joining methods'
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1
Wan, Yi, Linshu Meng, Hirokuni Wataki, and Jun Takahashi. "Influence of Jointing Methods on the Mechanical Properties of CFRTP Structure Under Bending Load." Journal of Composites Science 9, no. 6 (2025): 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9060291.
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Jointing is inevitable for CFRTP (carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic) component applications in the automotive industry. In this study, commonly used jointing methods were applied to fasten CFRTP components. Three types of jointing methods. Ultrasonic welding, bolted joints, and adhesive joining, and three types of CFRTP materials, conventional cross-ply, ultra-thin prepreg cross-ply, and sheet molding compounds, were selected. The influence of the jointing methods on mechanical properties and damage patterns under bending load has been investigated. The finite element models were developed to predict the hazardous area and structural stiffness of jointed structures; the simulation results showed good agreement with experimental ones. The results indicate that the ultrasonic welding could reach similar bending stiffness compared to adhesive joining, whereas the stiffness of bolt jointed structures is relatively lower due to the contact separation induced by the bending deformation. Overall, the finite element model results correlated well with the experimental data.
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LeBacq, C., Y. Brechet, H. R. Shercliff, T. Jeggy, and L. Salvo. "Selection of joining methods in mechanical design." Materials & Design 23, no. 4 (2002): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3069(01)00093-0.
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Sülü, İsmail Yasin, and Şemsettin Temiz. "Mechanical behavior of composite parts joined through different processes." Materials Testing 63, no. 5 (2021): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0070.
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Abstract In this research, composite parts joined according to different joining methods such as single-lap and double-lap embedded adhesive subjected to tensile load were analyzed via the 3-D finite element method (FEM). The study differed from other studies in terms of joining techniques used and the specified parameter and model design. This study aims to emphasize the advantages of joining techniques in terms of aesthetically and joining methods over each other. In the analysis, composite parts carbon/epoxy (T 700) at varied fiber orientation angles and adhesive DP 410 were used. The models for numerical analyses were created in an ANSYS 14.5 software package. Finite element analysis (FEA) was successful in predicting failure loads. Stress in the x, y, z directions, shear stress and von-Mises stress on the adhesive were obtained at the time of failure for predetermined parameters. As a result, the effects of orientation angles, overlap lengths, adhesive layer and bonding methods were investigated. The maximum effect parameter and joining technique was determined for the composite parts joined through varied joining methods.
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Liu, Ping, Kai Fu Zhang, and Wan Li Li. "Calculation Method for Interference Value in Metal Joining Structure." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.668.
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Interference-fit joining is one of the important jointing methods to permanently fasten two thin-walled sheet metal parts. In joining process the interference amount is an important factor, which affects ultimate strength and fatigue life of the mechanical structure. In this article, analytical solution for interference value is studied, and the elastic and plastic deformation area near the hole is discussed. The calculation formula for the hole walls displacement and the boundary between elastic and plastic deformation is obtained.
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Cho, Keong Hwan, Jin Hyeok Joo, Jung Heum Lee, Je Hoon Oh, and Dong Hyuck Kam. "Comparative Study of Joint Performance According to Joining Methods Between Al7075-T6 and SPFC590DP for Lightweight Car Body." Journal of Welding and Joining 39, no. 5 (2021): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2021.39.5.5.
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The necessity of dissimilar joining between aluminum alloy and steel is increasing in order to meet the demand for weight reduction in automobiles. However, dissimilar joining between 7000 series aluminum alloy and steel is challenging with mechanical joining methods such as self-piercing rivet(SPR) and flow drill screw(FDS) without hole processing. In this study, mechanical performances of dissimilar joints between 3 mm thick Al7075-T6 and 1 mm thick SPFC590DP were evaluated for use in lightweight B-pillar assembly. Self-Piercing Rivet(SPR) and Flow Drill Screw(FDS) with one-hole processing, bolt/nut and blind rivet with two-hole processing and adhesive bonding were compared with respect to joint performance. In SPR joining, rivet did not penetrate and rivet buckling occurred in the rivet due to the thickness and high strength of the Al7075-T6. By processing pre-hole on Al7075-T6 and applying an additional Al5052-H32 sheet to induce mechanical interlock in SPR joint, it became possible to join Al7075-T6 to SPFC590DP with an SPR. The tensile shear load of the SPR joint was 9.8 kN. In FDS joining, it is also necessary to process pre-hole on Al7075-T6 since the fastener could not penetrate the Al7075-T6. The tensile shear load of the FDS joining was 8.1 kN. In bolt/nut and blind rivet joining, the tensile shear load were measured respectively 11.1 kN and 5.2 kN. In adhesive bonding with 1K glue, the tensile shear load was measured 18.5 kN when the interfacial surface was roughened with a sand paper.
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Meschut, Gerson, Marion Merkein, Alexander Brosius, and Mathias Bobbert. "Mechanical joining in versatile process chains." Production Engineering 16, no. 2-3 (2022): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-022-01125-y.
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AbstractThe use of mechanical joining technologies offers the possibility of joining mixed material structures, which are used in particular in lightweight construction. An integrated securing of the joinability in versatile process chains is currently hardly possible as the number of combinable tool variants as well as variable force- and path-based process parameters is infinite. A versatile process chain, i.e. a sequence of all the processes and process steps required for product manufacturing, enables targeted changes to the semi-finished product, the joint, the component or the joining process that exceed the originally planned extend while still ensuring joinability. In detail, it leads to a unique joint with its own mechanical property profile, which, against the background of the resulting infinite number of combinations, makes it impossible to secure the joinability on the conventional experimentally based approach without extensive safety factors. The Transregional Colaborative Research Center 285 (TCRC285), which also initiated this special issue, is intended to enable mechanical joining technology to be versatile in the sense of high application flexibility. This is to be achieved with a numerical representation of the complete process chain from the incoming semi finished product via the joining part production and the joining process to the property profile of the joint in the operating phase. Thus a predictability of the joinability can be achieved and improvements in the individual life cycles of a joint can be realized by grasping the cause-and-effect relationships. On the basis of this knowledge, new possibilities for intervention in the joining process are to be created for the adaptation of the joining processes. With the aid of the methods developed for this purpose, tools will later be available to the end user to substitute the large number of mechanical joining processes or joining task-specific configurations with a smaller number of adaptable processes. This expands the flexibility in material choices, enabling challenges in environmental issues and sustainability to be overcome.
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Cmorej, Denis, and Ľuboš Kaščák. "Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Joining of Three DP600 and DC06 Steel Sheets." Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering 40 (2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rm.2023.3.
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There are many reasons to utilize various grades of steel in car body production. Automotive producers tend to choose steels with great formability and the capacity to absorb impact energy. The dominant method used for joining car body sheets has for many years been resistance spot welding, but the use of various steel sheets leads to research into alternative joining methods. Mechanical joining - clinching, is the innovative method to join these materials. Numerical simulation tools are used to optimize the joining of materials. Simufact Forming software was used to analyse the clinching joining of three sheets of material DP600 and DC06. According to the axisymmetric character of the mechanical joining process, the simulation was stream-lined to a 2D representation. The results of the simulation of the mechanical joining process were compared with the real samples prepared for metallographic observation.
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Hahn, Ortwin, Y. Tan, M. Schroeder, and Magnus Horstmann. "Thermally Supported Mechanical Joining of Magnesium Components." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.365.
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In modern car concepts the aspect of lightweight constructions becomes more and more important. Lightweight materials, as aluminum and magnesium, get in the spotlight, thereby. Particularly because of the enormous potential for lightweight constructions industrial interests in magnesium wrought- and casting materials have increased in recent years. Against this background new alternative methods in the range of joining techniques are necessary which consider the specific mechanical-technological properties, such as limited deformability at room temperature and high corrosion-affinity of magnesium. The present article discusses the integration of heating principles in a mechanical joining process of magnesium components without an additional pre-punch operation. In this connection, feasibilities and limits of the considered joining techniques are shown and a concept for thermal support is presented.
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SOYTURK, Furkan, Alper GUNOZ, and Memduh KARA. "Detection of Welding Defects by Non-Destructive Testing Methods." International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences 1, no. 1 (2023): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icaens.1033.
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One of the most used joining methods in the manufacturing industry is welded joints. Welded joints are non-removable types of joints and good mechanical properties are expected from the weld seam after joining. For this reason, it is extremely important that there are no errors, defects or gaps in the weld area. This study is about the detection of defects existing in the welding regions of various machine elements with welded joints by non-destructive testing methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the non-destructive testing methods used in the study are presented.
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Holko, K. H. "JOINING METHODS FOR CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE STRUCTURES." Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes 3, no. 2 (1988): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426918808953205.
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Neuser, Moritz, Malte Christian Schlichter, Kay-Peter Hoyer, Mathias Bobbert, Gerson Meschut, and Mirko Schaper. "Mechanical joinability of microstructurally graded structural components manufactured from hypoeutectic aluminium casting alloys." MATEC Web of Conferences 408 (2025): 01081. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202540801081.
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Lightweight design is a driving concept in modern automotive engineering to minimize resource consumption over a vehicle's lifecycle through multi-material design, which relies on the use of joining techniques in car body fabrication. Multi-material design and the increasing trend towards producing large structural components using the megacasting process pose considerable challenges, particularly in the mechanical joining of aluminium-silicon (AlSi) castings. These castings typically exhibit low ductility and are prone to cracking when mechanically joined. Based on the excellent castability of hypoeutectic AlSi alloys, these are applied in sand casting and die casting as well as in megacasting. With a silicon content between 7 wt% and 12 wt%, these AlSi-alloys have a plate-like silicon phase that initiates cracks during mechanical joining. To enhance the joinability of castings, the research hypothesis is that improved solidification conditions enable a significant modification in the microstructure and therefore, increase the mechanical properties. During the manufacture of the castings using the sand casting process, the solidification conditions within the structural elements are varied to modify the microstructure to obtain castings with graded microstructure. The castings are evaluated using mechanical, microstructural and joining testing methods and finally, a microstructure-joinability correlation is established.
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Agel, Petr, and Antonin Lokaj. "Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.177.
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Timber-concrete composite structures, which use advantages of both materials, are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticated which brings higher demands on work control and technology. Main goal of the paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and to compare it with other similar joining .
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Agel, Petr, and Antonín Lokaj. "Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.614.
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Timber-concrete composite structures, which use advantages of both materials, are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticated which brings higher demands on work control and technology. Main goal of the paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and to compare it with other similar joining .
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Müller, Martin, Réjane Hörhold, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut. "Analysis of Material Behaviour in Experimental and Simulative Setup of Joining by Forming of Aluminium Alloy and High Strength Steel with Shear-Clinching Technology." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.549.
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In transportation sector the reduction of moving masses without the decrease of safety parameters is a key factor for future economic success. One possible approach for this is the use of different metallic materials in composite construction. Therefore, it is essential to establish a reliable component connection by means of suitable and cost-effective joining technologies. Mechanical joining technologies such as self-piercing riveting and mechanical clinching have proven to be effective methods for joining lightweight materials like aluminium and ductile steels. As these technologies require formability or pre-holing of the joining partners, the field of application is limited by the mechanical properties of the joining partners. Great potential for joining hot stamped steels, which have a very low elongation at fracture and therefore a low formability, offers the shear-clinching technology. For a systematic development of the shear-clinching technology, detailed investigations of the process are required. This paper presents an analysis of the material behaviour during the shear-clinching process and the reference process – clinching with pre-hole.
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Boţilă, Lia Nicoleta, Radu Cojocaru, Cristian Ciucă, and Ion Aurel Perianu. "New Techniques for Joining by Riveting." Advanced Materials Research 1146 (April 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1146.57.
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The paper presents new techniques for joining of materials, proposed for development by ISIM Timisoara. It shows the general considerations and preliminary results regarding two new methods of joining by riveting, methods based on friction processes: - a joining process by riveting with hybrid effect, that means mechanical grip - friction stir welding - a joining process by friction riveting. Experiments for joining by riveting were carried out for couples of metallic materials (rivet and base materials) similar and dissimilar (aluminum alloys, steel, copper). There are presented conditions and requirements for the joining processes, how to form the riveted joint, positive results and limits of the application. Primary technical data on process principle, data on technological parameters, rivet configuration and influence factors were obtained.
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Drossel, Welf Guntram, Tobias Falk, Markus Israel, and Fred Jesche. "Unerring Planning of Clinching Processes through the Use of Mathematical Methods." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 1437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1437.
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Mechanical joining technologies are becoming increasingly important with the trend towards light and multi-material designs in the automotive industry. Providing robust connection techniques will be of particular importance. Thus, rejection rates are reduced and costs are cut in the parts production. This paper discusses the example of clinching and its potentials and limits concerning FEM based sensitivity analysis and optimization for the joining by forming technology. By determining the sensitivity of the design for relevant connection parameters, the most important values for the optimization of the forming die are derived. On this basis, both, appropriate tools for a particular material combination and other tools for the joining of different thicknesses and sheet materials are designed. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of uncertain variables allows to evaluate the robustness of the clinching process in production. Based on these results, methods to increase process robustness or process monitoring in terms of quality assurance can be derived.
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Böhnke, Max, Fabian Kappe, Mathias Bobbert, and Gerson Meschut. "Influence of various procedures for the determination of flow curves on the predictive accuracy of numerical simulations for mechanical joining processes." Materials Testing 63, no. 6 (2021): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0082.
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Abstract The predictive quality of numerical simulations for mechanical joining processes depends on the implemented material model, especially regarding the plasticity of the joining parts. Therefore, experimental material characterization processes are conducted to determine the material properties of sheet metal and generate flow curves. In this regard, there are a number of procedures which are accompanied by varying experimental efforts. This paper presents various methods of determining flow curves for HCT590X as well as EN AW-6014, including varying specimen geometries and diverse hardening laws for extrapolation procedures. The flow curves thus generated are compared considering the variety of plastic strains occurring in mechanical joining processes. The material data generated are implemented in simulation models for the joining technologies, clinching and self-piercing riveting. The influence of the varied methods on the predictive accuracy of the simulation model is analysed. The evaluation of the differing flow curves is achieved by comparing the geometric formation of the joints and the required joining forces of the processes with experimentally investigated joints.
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Venukumar, S., Muralimohan Cheepu, T. Vijaya Babu, and D. Venkateswarlu. "Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Welding of Dissimilar Materials: An Overview." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.685.
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In recent years, the continuous growth in manufacturing industries such as light weight structures, demands in increasing of its performance and functionality enhance the use of different materials for producing hybrid structures and thus the requirements for joining of dissimilar joints. The physical and metallurgical properties of the materials are utilised to get combined properties to achieve the product performance. On the other hand the joining methods are continuously challenging for joining of dissimilar materials. The present study reviews and describes the effective welding method of cold metal transfer for joining of dissimilar materials and its state of the art research in various materials joining. Cold metal transfer joining mechanism, capabilities of joining of dissimilar metals and their performance are reviewed. The current and emerging techniques of cold metal transfer welding method are reviewed. Methods and other technological parameters selection are described and future challenges for improving research methods on joining of dissimilar metals using cold metal transfer. Keywords: Cold Metal Transfer, MIG welding, Dissimilar materials, Mechanical properties.
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Galińska, Anna. "Mechanical Joining of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites to Metals—A Review. Part I: Bolted Joining." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102252.
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As the fibre reinforced plastic composites gain larger and larger share in industry, the problem of joining them with metal elements becomes significant. The current paper is the first part of the literature review, which gathers and evaluates knowledge about methods suitable for mechanical joining of composite and metal elements. This paper concerns bolted joining, because this method of mechanical joining is widely used for joining composite materials. The paper describes failure modes of bolted joints in composite materials, the influence of the bolt clamping torque, the clearance between the bolt and the hole and aging on the performance of the joint, drilling techniques used in composite materials in order to minimize damages, different fastener types, inspection techniques, and finally, the techniques that have been developed in order to improve the strength of the bolted joints in composites. Since the hole drilled in a composite material in order to perform bolted joining is a weak point of the structure, those techniques: bonded inserts, titanium foil internal inserts, fibre steering, additional reinforcement, and moulded holes, mainly aim to improve the strength of the hole in the composite. The techniques have been discussed in details and compared with each other in the summary section.
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Noack, Marco, Kris Rudolph, Richard Breimann, and Eckhard Kirchner. "Influence of Sheet Covers on Filling Behavior in Electrochemical Joining of Additively Manufactured Components." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 5 (2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7050157.
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This paper focuses on the electrochemical joining of additively manufactured components using simulation-based and experimental methods. The study investigates the influence of cover screens on the filling behavior of the joining zone. Experimental methods involving additive manufacturing and electroplating are combined with simulation models to provide a realistic representation of the joining process. The results show a good agreement between the simulated and experimental findings, indicating the applicability of the simulation model. The parameter study reveals that higher cover factors result in a decrease in the excess material ratio, indicating reduced material deposition outside the joining zone. The filling time required to completely fill the joining zone is influenced by both the cover size and the opening angle of the joining zone. The optimal parameter combinations depend on whether the filling time or the excess material volume is to be minimized. Cavity formation within the joining zone was identified as a critical factor affecting the completeness of the filling. The study provides insights into the influence of cover screens on the electrochemical joining process and offers guidance for optimizing the design of the joining zone.
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Shen, Guo, Chan Joo Lee, Jeong Min Lee, et al. "Prediction of Failure Mode in Hole Clinching of Al Alloy and Advanced High-Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.481.
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Common joining methods used in automotive industry are welding, adhesive bonding, friction stir welding, mechanical fastening, self-piercing rivets, mechanical clinching and so on, for multi-material designed automotive bodies. Among different joining methods, mechanical clinching which achieves geometrical interlocking by plastic deformation has several advantages such as no need of additional joining elements and fast joining. But mechanical clinching is difficult to join a ductile material with a high-strength or low ductility material. Therefore the hole clinching as a new mechanical clinching process has been proposed to join these material combinations. In the hole clinching process, as punch force is applied to a upper sheet (a ductile material), it is indented into hole of lower sheet (low ductile material) on die and then interlocked by plastic deformation. It is very important for a successful design of hole clinching to predict the failure mode such as neck fracture and button separation and the strength of hole-clinched joint. For this an analytical approach was carried out for the hole clinching process of Al6061 and DP980. Tool geometry used in hole clinching was designed by the predicted failure mode. Preliminary finite element simulation was performed to validate the geometrical interlocking and joinability. The predicted failure mode and strength were verified by the results of cross tension test.
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Zirngibl, Christoph, Benjamin Schleich, and Sandro Wartzack. "APPROACH FOR THE AUTOMATED AND DATA-BASED DESIGN OF MECHANICAL JOINTS." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.52.
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AbstractAs a result of the increasing challenges in the field of lightweight constructions, the demand for efficient joining technologies is continuously rising. For this purpose, cold forming processes offer an environmental friendly and fast alternative to established joining methods (e.g. welding). However, to ensure a high reliability, not only the selection of an appropriate procedure, but also the dimensioning of the individual joint is essential. While product designers can rely on a wide range of design principles for thermal processes, the dimensioning and evaluation of mechanical joining processes is mainly based on expert knowledge and a few experimental tests. Although few studies already investigated the numerical analysis of mechanical joints, an approach for the sustainable and consistent optimization of the strength and reliability of joining connections for varying use-cases is not available yet. Motivated by this lack, this paper presents an approach for the automated transfer of information within the process chain and the data-based analysis of mechanical joints by using clinching as an example. Therefore, the CRISP-DM reference model is used for the systematic data mining.
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Galińska, Anna, and Cezary Galiński. "Mechanical Joining of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites to Metals—A Review. Part II: Riveting, Clinching, Non-Adhesive Form-Locked Joints, Pin and Loop Joining." Polymers 12, no. 8 (2020): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081681.
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As fiber reinforced plastic composites gain an increasingly larger share in aerospace structures, the problem of joining them with metal elements becomes significant. The current paper is the second part of the literature review, which gathers and evaluates knowledge about methods suitable for the mechanical joining of composite and metal elements. This paper reviews the joining methods other than bolted joining, which are discussed in the first part of the review, namely self-piercing riveting, friction riveting, clinching, non-adhesive form-locked joints, pin joints, and loop joints. Some of those methods are full-fledged and employed in commercial applications, whereas others are merely ideas tested at the level of specimens. The current review describes the ideas and the qualities of the joining methods as well as the experimental work carried out so far. The summary section of this paper contains a comparison of those methods with the reference to their qualities, which is important from the point of view of a composite structure designer: possibility of the joint disassembly, damages induced in composite, complication level, weight penalty, range of possible materials to be joined, and the joint strength.
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Joo, Jin Hyeok, Keong Hwan Cho, Je Hoon Oh, and Dong Hyuck Kam. "Comparative Study on Mechanical Joints of Aluminum Vibration Damping Sheet and 1.5 GPa HPF Steel sheet." Journal of Welding and Joining 39, no. 5 (2021): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2021.39.5.4.
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In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum vibration damping sheet and 1.5 GPa HPF steel sheet (SABC1470) dissimilar joining were evaluated. Joint methods of self piercing rivet (SPR), bolt/nut, flow drill screw (FDS), and blind rivet were compared to evaluate joint characteristic. In SPR Joining, buckling failure was occurred in SPR rivet caused by the strength of the 1.5 GPa HPF steel. So that, SPR hybrid joining was selected with a Al5052 alloy additional plate in lower sheet for formability and pre-hole processed on 1.5 GPa HPF steel in upper sheet. Through optimized of SPR die, the tensile shear load of the SPR hybrid joining was measured 7.53 kN. In FDS joining, failure of fastener was occurred due to the high strength of the 1.5 GPa HPF steel. FDS joining was available after pre-hole process on the 1.5 GPa HPF steel. However, delamination of the aluminum damping plate was observed and the tensile shear load was measured 3.14 kN. In bolt/nut joining, tensile shear load was measured depending on process variable (combination of plate, washer and tightening torque) and maximum tensile load was measured 5.43 kN. In blind rivet joining, the maximum tensile shear load was measured 3.64 kN, when the Al vibration damping sheet was placed on the upper plate. The large area of the blind rivet head released the concentration of stress on Al vibration damping sheet. As a result, SPR hybrid joining is considerable method because pre-hole processing is minimized and tensile shear load is higher than the other method.
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Janota, M., and H. Neumann. "Share of Spot Welding and Other Joining Methods in Automotive Production." Welding in the World 52, no. 3-4 (2008): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03266625.
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Azarsa, Ehsan, Amir Mostafapour Asl, and Vahid Tavakolkhah. "Effect of Process Parameters and Tool Coating on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Heat Assisted Friction Stir Welded Polyethylene Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.765.
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With the increasing growth of engineering plastics, the demand for reliable, rapid, high productivity and cost effective joining methods (similar to those used in the case of metals) is an undeniable requirement [. Furthermore, the need to produce larger and more complex parts from polymers has created an increased demand for joining, particularly in thermoplastic materials. In the case of creating a joint with high efficiency (the ratio of joint strength to base material strength) between currently available joining methods, welding is the best option [2,3]. Plastic welding processes can be divided into two groups: (1) Processes involving mechanical movement to produce heating (ultrasonic welding, friction welding, vibration welding) (2) processes involving external heating (hot plate welding, hot gas welding and resistive and implant welding) [. The welding method presented in this study utilizes both mechanical movement and external heating to produce heat.
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Kaščák, Ľuboš, Denis Cmorej, Ján Slota, Emil Spišák, and Ján Varga. "NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CLINCH-BONDED HYBRID JOINING OF STEEL SHEET DX53D+Z." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 28, no. 4 (2022): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.28.4.1657.
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The automotive industry is characterized by the fact that it uses an entire range of materials. These are materials with different mechanical properties, thicknesses, and even different combinations. A variety of joining methods, such as clinching, is used to join this range of materials. However, sometimes it is necessary to combine several methods of joining materials. The paper deals with the evaluation of the properties of joints, which are created by a combination of mechanical joining and adhesive bonding. Two types of adhesives were used: adhesive based on epoxy resin and adhesive based on acrylate polymers. Double-sided hot-dip galvanized steel sheets DX53D+Z with a thickness of 0.8 mm were used to join with this combination of joining techniques. Numerical simulation tools were used to assess the joinability of materials. The simulation results were verified by the results from the experiments of real test samples. Samples joined by the clinching method combined with epoxy resin adhesives achieved higher load-bearing values and no cracks or any other type of failures were observed in these joints.
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Agel, Petr, and Antonín Lokaj. "Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam / Laboratorní Testování Únosnosti Mechanického Spřažení Dřevobetonového Nosníku." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series 12, no. 2 (2012): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10160-012-0011-9.
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Abstract Timber-concrete composite structures which use advantages of both materials are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticate which brings higher demands of work control and technology. Main goal of this paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and compare it with other similar joining method.
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Roland, Frank, Luciano Manzon, Pentti Kujala, Markus Brede, and Jan Weitzenbock. "Advanced Joining Techniques in European Shipbuilding." Journal of Ship Production 20, no. 03 (2004): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2004.20.3.200.
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Joining processes are an important key factor for the competitiveness of European shipbuilders. They not only represent a significant portion of the total man hour consumption in hull production and outfitting, but due to heat distortions they also have a significant impact on nonproductive work operations, such as straightening and fitting. Those operations can interfere with on-board outfitting and increase lead time and construction cost. In addition to their contribution to shipyard productivity, joining techniques have a significant impact on material properties and thus on product performance and quality. Those factors become increasingly important for complex structures using comparatively thin and high-strength materials. Considering the importance of efficient joining, European shipbuilders in the past decade have invested significant efforts to develop new joining techniques, such as laser welding, adhesive bonding, and mechanical joining. Based on research results, practical industrial applications have been developed recently. After reviewing the impact of joining processes on competitiveness, the article will summarize a number of past and ongoing research projects with special focus on design methods, process and equipment development, fatigue strength of joints, quality assurance, and approval. It will then present a number of recent applications of new joining techniques in European shipyards. Finally, open problems and future research needs will be briefly discussed. The article is based on a joint effort of leading European experts and will focus on laser and laser hybrid welding, adhesive bonding, and mechanical joining
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Zirngibl, Christoph, Patricia Kügler, Julian Popp, et al. "Provision of cross-domain knowledge in mechanical joining using ontologies." Production Engineering 16, no. 2-3 (2022): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-022-01117-y.
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AbstractSince the application of mechanical joining methods, such as clinching or riveting, offers a robust solution for the generation of advanced multi-material connections, the use in the field of lightweight designs (e.g. automotive industry) is steadily increasing. Therefore, not only the design of an individual joint is required but also the dimensioning of the entire joining connection is crucial. However, in comparison to thermal joining techniques, such as spot welding, the evaluation of the joints’ resistance against defined requirements (e.g. types of load, minimal amount of load cycles) mainly relies on the consideration of expert knowledge, a few design principles and a small amount of experimental data. Since this generally implies the involvement of several domains, such as the material characterization or the part design, a tremendous amount of data and knowledge is separately generated for a certain dimensioning process. Nevertheless, the lack of formalization and standardization in representing the gained knowledge leads to a difficult and inconsistent reuse, sharing or searching of already existing information. Thus, this contribution presents a specific ontology for the provision of cross-domain knowledge about mechanical joining processes and highlights two potential use cases of this ontology in the design of clinched and pin joints.
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Oanca, Octavian Victor, Nicușor Alin Sîrbu, and Ion Aurel Perianu. "Structural and Functional Characterization of Ultrasonic Joining for Multiwire Conductors for Automotive Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1111 (July 2015): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1111.252.
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This paper presents the general aspects concerning the development of innovative ultrasonic welding technologies at ISIM Timisoara and the advantages of using ultrasonic metal joining, compared with conventional joining methods, in the automotive industry for joining multiwire connectors from copper and aluminium. The experimental results through mechanical testing, electrical conductivity, digital imaging microscopy, ultrasonic compacting, realized on Cu-Cu, Al-Al and Al-Cu samples, underscore the potential for using aluminum as a substitute for copper multiwire connectors in automotive industry.
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FUJII, Hidetoshi. "New Joining Methods for (Iron-Based) Automotive Materials: ISMA-Results." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 89, no. 6 (2020): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.89.425.
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Kascak, Lubos, Jacek Mucha, Ján Varga, Ján Slota, and Eva Kaščáková. "ANALYSIS OF HYBRID JOINING OF MICROALLOYED STEEL SHEETS HX300LAD." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 30, no. 4 (2024): 188–91. https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.30.4.2106.
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The automotive industry extensively utilizes a wide range of materials, varying in mechanical properties, thicknesses, and combinations. Various methods, such as clinching, are employed. In certain cases, multiple joining techniques must be combined. This study evaluates the properties of joints created by combining mechanical joining with adhesive bonding. Two adhesive types were investigated: one based on epoxy resin and the other on acrylate polymers. The materials joined included double-sided hot-dip galvanized steel sheets HX300LAD, using this hybrid joining technique. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate material joinability, and these simulations were validated through experimental testing on real samples. Joints formed using clinching combined with epoxy resin adhesives demonstrated higher load-bearing capacities, with no cracks or other failures observed.
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Römisch, David, Christoph Zirngibl, Benjamin Schleich, Sandro Wartzack, and Marion Merklein. "Robustness Analysis of Pin Joining." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 5 (2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6050122.
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The trend towards lightweight design, driven by increasingly stringent emission targets, poses challenges to conventional joining processes due to the different mechanical properties of the joining partners used to manufacture multi-material systems. For this reason, new versatile joining processes are in demand for joining dissimilar materials. In this regard, pin joining with cold extruded pin structures is a relatively new, two-stage joining process for joining materials such as high-strength steel and aluminium as well as steel and fibre-reinforced plastic to multi-material systems, without the need for auxiliary elements. Due to the novelty of the process, there are currently only a few studies on the robustness of this joining process available. Thus, limited statements on the stability of the joining process considering uncertain process conditions, such as varying material properties or friction values, can be provided. Motivated by this, the presented work investigates the influence of different uncertain process parameters on the pin extrusion as well as on the joining process itself, carrying out a systematic robustness analysis. Therefore, the methodical approach covers the complete process chain of pin joining, including the load-bearing capacity of the joint by means of numerical simulation and data-driven methods. Thereby, a deeper understanding of the pin joining process is generated and the versatility of the novel joining process is increased. Additionally, the provision of manufacturing recommendations for the forming of pin joints leads to a significant decrease in the failure probability caused by ploughing or buckling effects.
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Nascimento, R. M. do, A. E. Martinelli, and A. J. A. Buschinelli. "Review Article: recent advances in metal-ceramic brazing." Cerâmica 49, no. 312 (2003): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132003000400002.
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Metal-ceramic joining has slowly but steadily become an important manufacturing step. The evolution of joining processes has allowed ceramics to be used in combination with metals in a number of hybrid devices from traditional light bulbs and seals to improved cutting tools and modern monitoring and measuring electronic devices. New joining methods and newer approaches to conventional methods have been developed aiming at joints characterized by improved reliability, and interfaces capable of withstanding high-temperature resistance with minimum residual stresses. A summary of recent improvements on alternative approaches to ceramic-metal joining as well as new developments on brazing are presented herein. The present review also focuses on recent advances towards brazing metallized ceramics and the selection of filler alloys, since in a scenario that includes joining by laser and direct bonding with liquid transient phases, brazing continues to be by far the most widely used approach to joining as a result of its low-cost and possibility to join intricate geometries for large-scale production. Finally, methods to evaluate the mechanical strength and residual thermal stresses are presented in addition to alternative approaches to minimize residual stresses and, consequently, improve joint reliability.
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Lewinsohn, Charles, Joseph Fellows, and Merrill Wilson. "Compact, Ceramic Heat Exchangers and Microchannel Devices: Joining and Integration." Advances in Science and Technology 88 (October 2014): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.88.148.
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Many energy conversion systems use thermal processes to convert chemical energy to mechanical or electrical energy. In these situations, microchannel components can be used to make heat exchangers and microreactors to make processes more energy efficient. Ceramic heat exchangers permit operation at higher temperatures than with other materials. Additionally, compact heat exchangers are highly efficient and cost-effective. This talk will describe principles of design, methods of fabrication, and joining methods for ceramic, compact heat exchangers for integration of such heat exchangers into practical applications. Particular emphasis will be placed on methods for joining silicon carbide to itself and the results of a novel bonding method that can be performed art relatively low temperatures in air. The mechanical behavior, at room temperature and elevated temperature, of this bonding method will be compared to that of diffusion bonded joints.
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Marx, Lukas, Mathias Liewald, and Kim Rouven Riedmüller. "Basic Investigations on Joining of Metal and Fibre Components Based on the Semi-Solid Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1445.
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The trend towards lightweight construction in automotive engineering causes additional effort and higher expense in vehicle manufacturing, because new materials or, respectively, new material combinations require adapted production and processing methods. Various combinations of metallic and fibre-based structures (GRP-/ CFRP components) presuppose convenient joining methods. In this context, an innovative joining method for combining sheet metals with carbon textiles is going to be developed at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology (IFU, University of Stuttgart / Germany). The goal of this research work is motivated by the prevention of any damage of the used textile fibre structures during the joining process (compared to mechanical joining methods like screwing or riveting). Based on the semi-solid forming technology, the new joining process is going to be developed to create a material integrated interlock between fibres and metallic components.This paper deals with the first fundamental investigations, conducted at IFU, which have already shown the technical feasibility of this new type of joining technique. The research work to be carried out comprises the usage of different sheet alloys: the combinations steel-aluminium, aluminium-aluminium and steel-steel are to be joined with layers of carbon fibre fabrics. By this innovative joining method, a firmly bonded and non-aging connection between textile and metallic materials is to be produced, without the need of any adhesive materials or associated preparative cleaning methods.
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Zweifel, Lucian, Klaus Ritter, and Christian Brauner. "The Mechanical Characterization of Welded Hybrid Joints Based on a Fast-Curing Epoxy Composite with an Integrated Phenoxy Coupling Layer." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031264.
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The joining of composites mostly relies on traditional joining technologies, such as film or paste adhesives, or mechanical fasteners. This study focuses on the appealing approach of using standard thermoplastic welding processes to join thermosets. To achieve this, a thermoplastic coupling layer is created by curing with a thermoset composite part. This leads to a functional surface that can be utilized with thermoplastic welding methods. The thermoplastic coupling layer is integrated as a thin film, compatible with the thermoset resin in the sense that it can partially diffuse in a controlled way into the thermoset resin during the curing cycle. Recent studies showed the high affinity for the interphase formation of poly hydroxy ether (phenoxy) film as coupling layer, in combination with a fast-curing epoxy system that cures within 1 min at 140 °C. In this study, an investigation based on resistance and ultrasonic welding techniques with different testing conditions of single-lap shear samples (at room temperature, 60 °C, and 80 °C) was performed. The results showed strong mechanical strengths of 28.9 MPa (±0.7%) for resistance welding and 24.5 MPa (±0.1%) for ultrasonic welding, with only a minor reduction in mechanical properties up to the glass transition temperature of phenoxy (90 °C). The combination of a fast-curing composite material with an ultra-fast ultrasonic joining technology clearly demonstrates the high potential of this joining technique for industrial applications, such as automotive, sporting goods, or wind energy. The innovation allowing structural joining performance presents key advantages versus traditional methods: the thermoplastic film positioning in the mold can be automated and localized, joint formation requires only a fraction of a second, and the joining operation does not require surface preparation/cleaning or structure deterioration (drilling).
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Tofall, Miriam, Marion Merklein, and Raoul Plettke. "Application of the Finite Element Methods on the Staking Process of Staking Fasteners." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.273.
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The increasing use of new materials with varying thicknesses within the automotive industry creates high demands on joining elements such as staking fasteners. Simultaneously statements about the feasibility of the design with joining elements already in the early stage of the development are necessary. The challenge is to define suitable element geometry, tool geometry and process parameters. To meet those requirements, a good understanding of the staking process is inevitable. According to the state of the art the examinations regarding the performance of staking fasteners under different conditions are totally conducted experimentally. This trial-and-error procedure leads to an extensive financial effort and to long development times for new elements. It is furthermore not possible to observe all influences of different process parameters. In the field of mechanical engineering the use of numerical simulation for complex constructions is a common technique. This paper deals with the applicability of the finite element method (FEM) on the joining of sheet metals with staking fasteners. In this matter the FEM is used to get scientific insights in the staking process and is also used to identify influencing variables and their interactions.
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Srinivas, Y. L., and D. Dutta. "Blending and Joining Using Cyclides." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 4 (1994): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919484.
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We consider the use of Dupin cyclides in geometric modeling. These are algebraic surfaces of degree four with interesting properties such as rational parametric forms and closure under offsets. We have been focusing on methods for expanding the geometric coverage of solid modelers, and the cyclide as a new primitive offers promise. In this paper, we briefly describe the cyclide and discuss in details two applications. The first is the modeling of blending surfaces, an important problem in geometric modeling. We outline methods to use various forms of the cyclide in variable-radius blending. Next, we consider the problem of automatic joining of pipes, and describe a general method rooted in the definition of a cyclide for its solution. Implemented examples are provided for both applications.
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Kenéz, Attila Zsolt, and Gyula Bagyinszki. "Investigation of Laser Welding Technology of Diamond Drilling Segments." Acta Materialia Transilvanica 1, no. 2 (2018): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amt-2018-0030.
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Abstract Segments containing diamond particles are fixed to replaceable inserts or to steel tool bodies for cost-effectiveness. The joining technology used should meet both environmental and technical requirements. The joining zone is subjected to high mechanical and significant thermal loads during use. In the event of an improper joint, the segments may detach from the base and fly away causing injury. Nowadays, many methods of welding or brazing are used to fix diamond segments. Among the possible segment fixing technologies, laser beam welding has been investigated. The microstructure of the joints has been examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy and chemical element maps have been recorded. Joints have been subjected to fracture and hardness testing. The mechanical properties and composition changes of the joints with different joining technologies have been evaluated and compared.
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Wang, Shuohan, Fuminobu Kimura, Shuaijie Zhao, et al. "Statistical and Artificial Intelligence Analyses of Blast Treatment Condition Effects on Blast-Assisted Injection Molded Direct Joining." International Journal of Automation Technology 17, no. 2 (2023): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2023.p0156.
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Efficient hybrid joining methods are required for joining metals and plastics in the automobile and airplane industries. Injection molded direct joining (IMDJ) is a direct joining technique that uses metal pretreatment and injection molding of plastic to form joints without using any additional parts. This joining technique has attracted attention from industries for its advantages of high efficiency and low cost in mass production. Blast-assisted IMDJ, an IMDJ technique that employs blasting as the metal pretreatment, has become suitable for the industry because metal pretreatment can be performed during the formation of the metal surface structure without chemicals. To satisfy industry standards, the blast-assisted IMDJ technique needs to be optimized under blasting conditions to improve joining performance. The number of parameters and their interactions make this problem difficult to solve using conventional control variable methods. We propose applying statistical and artificial intelligence analyses to address this problem. We used multiple linear regression and back propagation neural networks to analyze the experimental data. The results elucidated the relationship between the blasting conditions and joining strength. According to the machine learning predicted results, the best joining strength in blast-assisted IMDJ reached 22.3 MPa under optimized blasting conditions. This study provides new insights into similar engineering problems.
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Kaščák, Ľuboš, Ján Slota, Jana Bidulská, Robert Bidulsky, and Andrzej Kubit. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF JOINING THE METAL/POLYMER/METAL COMPOSITE SHEETS BY CLINCHING METHOD." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 29, no. 4 (2023): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1979.
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Advances in sandwich composites have given rise to materials that amalgamate the elevated flexural stiffness and buckling resistance found in metals with the lightweight characteristics of polymers. These materials exhibit significant potential for use in contemporary lightweight structures, not solely due to the aforementioned attributes, but also owing to their effective provision of sound, vibration, and thermal protection. In the structures using sandwich materials, joining methods based on fusion welding, adhesive bonding or mechanical fastening are employed. Clinching is a manufacturing technique that mechanically joins two or more materials without the need for heat or additional components. This method relies on achieving high plastic deformation to establish a secure bond. The research deals with the possibility of using the clinching method for joining metal/polymer/metal composite sheets in combination with high-strength steel and micro-alloyed hot-dip galvanised steel sheets. The clinching method with a rigid die proves unsuitable for joining the examined combinations of sandwich material with steel sheets.
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Noga, Piotr, Tomasz Skrzekut, Maciej Wędrychowicz, Marek St Węglowski, and Marcel Wiewióra. "The Influence of Various Welding Methods on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316Ti Steel." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071681.
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Austenitic stainless steels are very popular due to their high strength properties, ductility, excellent corrosion resistance and work hardening. This paper presents the test results for joining AISI 316Ti austenitic steel. The technologies used for joining were the most popular welding techniques such as TIG (welding with a non-consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases), MIG (welding with a consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases) as well as high-energy EBW welding (Electron Beam Welding) and plasma PAW (plasma welding). Microstructural examinations in the face, center and root areas of the weld revealed different contents of delta ferrite with skeletal or lathy ferrite morphology. Additionally, the presence of columnar grains at the fusion line and equiaxed grains in the center of the welds was found. Microstructural, X-ray and ferroscope tests showed the presence of different delta ferrite contents depending on the technology used. The highest content of delta ferrite was found in the TIG and PAW connectors, approximately 5%, and the lowest in the EBW connector, approximately 2%. Based on the tests carried out on the mechanical properties, it was found that the highest properties were achieved by the MIG joint (Rm, 616, Rp0.2 = 335 MPa), while the lowest were achieved by the PAW joint (Rm = 576, Rp0.2 = 315 MPa).
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Müller, Benedikt, Alexander Pierer, Marek Schmidt, et al. "In-Process Monitoring of Joining Operations for Piezoceramic Elements." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 800–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.800.
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The direct integration of piezo elements into micro-structured aluminum sheets is a new approach for adaptronics and lightweight constructions. With the integration of the active piezoceramic elements the aluminum sheets gain sensor and actuator functionalities. The mechanical interconnections and the preload of the piezoceramic elements are an important issue for the sensor and actuator capability of the later smart material. Post-process inspection methods to characterize the mechanical interconnection of the joining partners and the performance of the transducer after the joining operation are state of the art. Scope of the paper is the development of a novel in-process monitoring method that utilizes the piezoceramic transducer as inherent sensor for failure mode detection and preload evaluation during the joining by forming operation. Within this study, results of forming experiments with array batches of interconnected piezoceramic elements are presented. The piezoceramic batches are electrically contacted inside the joining tool and utilized as material inherent sensor during joining by forming experiments. Test samples are characterized by impedance spectroscopy during the joining operation. Based on the experimental results, a novel in-process-monitoring method utilizing the piezoceramic joining partners as inherent sensor is outlined. It is shown, that with this method a sufficient preload can be adjust on the basis of the intensity of the resonance peak without an overload. Furthermore, error effects to the transducer can be detected at an early stage.
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Kochendorfer, R., N. Lutzenburger, and H. Weihs. "Joining Techniques for Fibre Ceramic Structures." Advanced Composites Letters 13, no. 1 (2004): 096369350401300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350401300106.
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This paper shows three different joining methods for fibre ceramic materials. The so called in-situ joining method is an integral part of the manufacturing process for CMC structures via the liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process. Stiffening elements, local patches within attachment areas, inserts etc. are permanently joined to shell structures, thus enabling highly integrated components to be realised with low manufacturing costs. Mechanical joining methods are required for the attachment of CMC thermal protection systems and the assembly of large structures which can not be manufactured as one part due to the limited size of manufacturing devices (e.g. autoclave, furnaces). For these cases, two different principles are available. The first method takes advantage of interlocking effects of hardened castable ceramics for permanent joints and the so called ceramic rivet, which has similar properties to metallic rivets, however using only elastic and frictional properties of the CMC basic material. The last joining method presented within this paper deals with the attachment of hot structures to a cold substructure. To solve the problems associated with thermal mismatch, elastic or kinematic attachment systems, well adapted to the thermal expansion behaviour are suitable candidates.
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Steinfelder, Christian, Sven Martin, Alexander Brosius, and Thomas Tröster. "Load Path Transmission in Joining Elements." Key Engineering Materials 883 (April 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.883.73.
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The mechanical properties of joined structures are determined considerably by the chosen joining technology. With the aim of providing a method that enables a faster and more profound decision-making in the spatial distribution of joining points during product development, a new method for the load path analysis of joining points is presented. For an exemplary car body, the load type in the joining elements, i.e. pure tensile, shear and combined tensile-shear loads, is determined using finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the evaluated loads, the resulting load paths in selected joining points are analyzed using a 2D FE-model of a clinching point. State of the art methods for load path analysis are dependent on the selected coordinate system or the existing stress state. Thus, a general statement about the load transmission path is not possible at this time. Here, a novel method for the analysis of load paths is used, which is independent of the alignment of the analyzed geometry. The basic assumption of the new load path analysis method was confirmed by using a simple specimen with a square hole in different orientations. The results presented here show a possibility to display the load transmission path invariantly. In further steps, the method will be extended for 3D analysis and the investigation of more complex assemblies. The primary goal of this methodical approach is an even load distribution over the joining elements and the component. This will provide a basis for future design approaches aimed at reducing the number of joining elements in joined structures.
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Kaspar, Joerg, M. Zimmermann, A. Ostwaldt, G. Goebel, J. Standfuß, and B. Brenner. "Challenges in Joining Aluminium with Copper for Applications in Electro Mobility." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1747.
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The effective joining of aluminium with copper is one of the central technical goals involved in electro mobility. However, the joining of both metals by conventional fusion welding is challenging because of poor weldability arising from different chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the materials and especially from the massive formation of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds (IMC) weld interface. In order to accomplish the difficult task of joining aluminium and copper several new joining technologies and strategies such as Laser Beam Welding (LBW) using highly dynamic beam deflection, Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Laser Induction Roll Plating (LIRP) and Electromagnetic Pulse Welding (EMPW) are under development at the Fraunhofer IWS. The current work describes the different technological approaches to the dissimilar joining of aluminium and copper. Thereby, the different joining technologies are compared with respect to weld quality. Special consideration is given to the study of interface morphology and microstructure of the welding zone. It will be shown that, depending on the joining method chosen the kind and extension of intermetallic phase formation differs considerably. Conclusions are drawn with respect to the applicability of the different joining methods.
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Kaščák, Ľuboš, Emil Spišák, Janka Majerníková, and René Kubík. "Clinching of Dual-Phase Steels as an Alternative to Resistance Spot Welding." Materials Science Forum 919 (April 2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.919.68.
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Resistance spot welding is the dominant method for joining the materials in the car body production. Progressive materials are being developed to improve the car’s fuel consumption and the safety of passengers as well. Advanced high strength dual-phase steels are such materials. Despite of the dominancy of resistance spot welding in car body production, innovative methods are being developed to reduce the joining time, process costs and improve the load-bearing capacity of a particular joint. Mechanical clinching is such process. The research focused on the evaluation of the possibility of clinching as an alternative method to the resistance spot welding. Experimental samples were prepared from dual-phase steel sheets DP600. The samples were tested by uniaxial tensile test, microhardness test and metallographic observations. Both joining methods have advantages and disadvantages which could destine them for specific utilization. Clinching joining is a progressive, fast and low-cost technique, but the joint’s load-bearing capacity is lower when compared to resistance spot weld.
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Kolařík, Ladislav, Marie Kolaříková, and Petr Vondrouš. "Mechanical Properties of Interface of Heterogeneous Diffusion Welds of Titanium and Austenitic Steel." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.178.
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Titanium is material which is used in many areas of human activity. Therefore it is necessary to join it with other material. It is very difficult to welding Ti with other metals by conventional fusion welding methods. There exist special joining technologies of heterogeneous materials which is possible to use. This is usually a joining of materials in the solid state, as diffusion welding, friction welding or explosion welding. This contribution deals with diffusion welding of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and stainless austenitic steel 1.4301. There are described mechanical properties (as is reduced modulus Er and indentation hardness HIT) and changes of chemical composition of join due to diffusion of elements.