Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanical movements Biomechanics

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanical movements Biomechanics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanical movements Biomechanics"

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Hood, Simon, Thomas McBain, Matt Portas, and Iain Spears. "Measurement in Sports Biomechanics." Measurement and Control 45, no. 6 (July 2012): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029401204500604.

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One of the major roles of a sports biomechanist or coach is to assess the movement patterns within sports performances. Movements can be analysed to enhance an individual's technique in terms of efficiency or to provide technical advantage. This paper aims to highlight the different measurement techniques available for the biomechanist to assess the movement characteristics of the technical and mechanical aspects of athletic performance.
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Verbruggen, Stefaan W., Bernhard Kainz, Susan C. Shelmerdine, Joseph V. Hajnal, Mary A. Rutherford, Owen J. Arthurs, Andrew T. M. Phillips, and Niamh C. Nowlan. "Stresses and strains on the human fetal skeleton during development." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 138 (January 2018): 20170593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0593.

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Mechanical forces generated by fetal kicks and movements result in stimulation of the fetal skeleton in the form of stress and strain. This stimulation is known to be critical for prenatal musculoskeletal development; indeed, abnormal or absent movements have been implicated in multiple congenital disorders. However, the mechanical stress and strain experienced by the developing human skeleton in utero have never before been characterized. Here, we quantify the biomechanics of fetal movements during the second half of gestation by modelling fetal movements captured using novel cine-magnetic resonance imaging technology. By tracking these movements, quantifying fetal kick and muscle forces, and applying them to three-dimensional geometries of the fetal skeleton, we test the hypothesis that stress and strain change over ontogeny. We find that fetal kick force increases significantly from 20 to 30 weeks' gestation, before decreasing towards term. However, stress and strain in the fetal skeleton rises significantly over the latter half of gestation. This increasing trend with gestational age is important because changes in fetal movement patterns in late pregnancy have been linked to poor fetal outcomes and musculoskeletal malformations. This research represents the first quantification of kick force and mechanical stress and strain due to fetal movements in the human skeleton in utero , thus advancing our understanding of the biomechanical environment of the uterus. Further, by revealing a potential link between fetal biomechanics and skeletal malformations, our work will stimulate future research in tissue engineering and mechanobiology.
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Rabbitt, R. D. "Semicircular canal biomechanics in health and disease." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 732–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00708.2018.

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The semicircular canals are responsible for sensing angular head motion in three-dimensional space and for providing neural inputs to the central nervous system (CNS) essential for agile mobility, stable vision, and autonomic control of the cardiovascular and other gravity-sensitive systems. Sensation relies on fluid mechanics within the labyrinth to selectively convert angular head acceleration into sensory hair bundle displacements in each of three inner ear sensory organs. Canal afferent neurons encode the direction and time course of head movements over a broad range of movement frequencies and amplitudes. Disorders altering canal mechanics result in pathological inputs to the CNS, often leading to debilitating symptoms. Vestibular disorders and conditions with mechanical substrates include benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus, direction-changing positional nystagmus, alcohol positional nystagmus, caloric nystagmus, Tullio phenomena, and others. Here, the mechanics of angular motion transduction and how it contributes to neural encoding by the semicircular canals is reviewed in both health and disease.
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Salmond, Layne H., Andrew D. Davidson, and Steven K. Charles. "Proximal-distal differences in movement smoothness reflect differences in biomechanics." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 1239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00712.2015.

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Smoothness is a hallmark of healthy movement. Past research indicates that smoothness may be a side product of a control strategy that minimizes error. However, this is not the only reason for smooth movements. Our musculoskeletal system itself contributes to movement smoothness: the mechanical impedance (inertia, damping, and stiffness) of our limbs and joints resists sudden change, resulting in a natural smoothing effect. How the biomechanics and neural control interact to result in an observed level of smoothness is not clear. The purpose of this study is to 1) characterize the smoothness of wrist rotations, 2) compare it with the smoothness of planar shoulder-elbow (reaching) movements, and 3) determine the cause of observed differences in smoothness. Ten healthy subjects performed wrist and reaching movements involving different targets, directions, and speeds. We found wrist movements to be significantly less smooth than reaching movements and to vary in smoothness with movement direction. To identify the causes underlying these observations, we tested a number of hypotheses involving differences in bandwidth, signal-dependent noise, speed, impedance anisotropy, and movement duration. Our simulations revealed that proximal-distal differences in smoothness reflect proximal-distal differences in biomechanics: the greater impedance of the shoulder-elbow filters neural noise more than the wrist. In contrast, differences in signal-dependent noise and speed were not sufficiently large to recreate the observed differences in smoothness. We also found that the variation in wrist movement smoothness with direction appear to be caused by, or at least correlated with, differences in movement duration, not impedance anisotropy. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article presents the first thorough characterization of the smoothness of wrist rotations (flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation) and comparison with the smoothness of reaching (shoulder-elbow) movements. We found wrist rotations to be significantly less smooth than reaching movements and determined that this difference reflects proximal-distal differences in biomechanics: the greater impedance (inertia, damping, stiffness) of the shoulder-elbow filters noise in the command signal more than the impedance of the wrist.
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Lusiana. "The Biomechanic Of Bridge Up Analysis." International Journal of Kinesiology and Physical Education 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34004/ijkpe.v1i1.15.

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Sport is a physical activity to maintain physic fitness and health. Physical fitness can be obtained with correct physical activity, one of which is by doing gymnastic movements. Bridge up is one of the movements in gymnastics on the floor with a supine body shape or posture which rests on both hands and legs with knees bent. The correct movement is a movement that is in accordance with the anatomy and physiology of the human body, coupled with a mechanical study of efficient movement. In terms of biomechanics, the mechanical laws of motion are: 1) center of gravity, 2) balance and 3) force. It takes coordination between balance, flexibility and good strength to be able to make movement bridge up. Efforts to avoid mistakes that can result in injury can be done by applying the principles of proper training and adequate stretching. In the learning process, a teacher/lecturer must pay attention to the condition of students by providing step by step exercises or a series of movements from simple to complex.
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IVANCEVIC, VLADIMIR, and SANJEEV SHARMA. "COMPLEXITY IN HUMAN AND HUMANOID BIOMECHANICS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 05, no. 04 (December 2008): 679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843608001571.

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We propose the following complexity conjecture: in a combined biomechanical system, where the action of Newtonian laws cannot be neglected, it is the mechanical part that determines the lower limit of complexity of the combined system, commonly defined as the number of mechanical degrees of freedom. The biological part of such a system, being "more intelligent", naturally serves as a "controller" for the "nonintelligent" mechanical "plant". Although, in some special cases, the behavior of the combined system might have a "simple" output, a realistic internal state space analysis shows that the total system complexity represents either the superposition, or a kind of "macroscopic entanglement" of the two partial complexities. Neither "mutual canceling" nor "averaging" of the mechanical degrees of freedom generally occurs in such a biomechanical system. The combined system has both dynamical and control complexities. The "realistic" computational model of such a system also has its own computational complexity. We demonstrate the validity of the above conjecture using the example of the physiologically realistic computer model. We further argue that human motion is the simplest well-defined example of a general human behavior, and discuss issues of simplicity versus predictability/controllability in complex systems. Further, we discuss self-assembly in relation to conditioned training in human/humanoid motion. It is argued that there is a significant difference in the observational resolution of human motion while one is watching "subtle" movements of a human hands playing a piano versus "coarse" movements of a human crowd at a football stadium from an orbital satellite. Techniques such as cellular automata can model the coarse crowd motion, but not the subtle hierarchical neural control of the dynamics of human hands playing a piano. Therefore, we propose the observational resolution as a new measure of biomechanical complexity. Finally, there is a possible route to apparent simplicity in biomechanics, in the form of oscillatory synchronization, both external (kinematical) and internal (control).
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POTKONJAK, VELJKO. "ROBOTIC HANDWRITING." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 02, no. 01 (March 2005): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984360500034x.

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Handwriting has always been considered an important human task, and accordingly it has attracted the attention of researchers working in biomechanics, physiology, and related fields. There exist a number of studies on this area. This paper considers the human–machine analogy and relates robots with handwriting. The work is two-fold: it improves the knowledge in biomechanics of handwriting, and introduces some new concepts in robot control. The idea is to find the biomechanical principles humans apply when resolving kinematic redundancy, express the principles by means of appropriate mathematical models, and then implement them in robots. This is a step forward in the generation of human-like motion of robots. Two approaches to redundancy resolution are described: (i) "Distributed Positioning" (DP) which is based on a model to represent arm motion in the absence of fatigue, and (ii) the "Robot Fatigue" approach, where robot movements similar to the movements of a human arm under muscle fatigue are generated. Both approaches are applied to a redundant anthropomorphic robot arm performing handwriting. The simulation study includes the issues of legibility and inclination of handwriting. The results demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of both approaches.
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Astreinidi Blandin, Afroditi, Irene Bernardeschi, and Lucia Beccai. "Biomechanics in Soft Mechanical Sensing: From Natural Case Studies to the Artificial World." Biomimetics 3, no. 4 (October 24, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics3040032.

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Living beings use mechanical interaction with the environment to gather essential cues for implementing necessary movements and actions. This process is mediated by biomechanics, primarily of the sensory structures, meaning that, at first, mechanical stimuli are morphologically computed. In the present paper, we select and review cases of specialized sensory organs for mechanical sensing—from both the animal and plant kingdoms—that distribute their intelligence in both structure and materials. A focus is set on biomechanical aspects, such as morphology and material characteristics of the selected sensory organs, and on how their sensing function is affected by them in natural environments. In this route, examples of artificial sensors that implement these principles are provided, and/or ways in which they can be translated artificially are suggested. Following a biomimetic approach, our aim is to make a step towards creating a toolbox with general tailoring principles, based on mechanical aspects tuned repeatedly in nature, such as orientation, shape, distribution, materials, and micromechanics. These should be used for a future methodical design of novel soft sensing systems for soft robotics.
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Nishikawa, Kiisa C. "Neuromuscular control of prey capture in frogs." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1385 (May 29, 1999): 941–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0445.

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While retaining a feeding apparatus that is surprisingly conservative morphologically, frogs as a group exhibit great variability in the biomechanics of tongue protraction during prey capture, which in turn is related to differences in neuromuscular control. In this paper, I address the following three questions. (1) How do frog tongues differ biomechanically? (2) What anatomical and physiological differences are responsible? (3) How is biomechanics related to mechanisms of neuromuscular control? Frog species use three non–exclusive mechanisms to protract their tongues during feeding: (i) mechanical pulling, in which the tongue shortens as its muscles contract during protraction; (ii) inertial elongation, in which the tongue lengthens under inertial and muscular loading; and (iii) hydrostatic elongation, in which the tongue lengthens under constraints imposed by the constant volume of a muscular hydrostat. Major differences among these functional types include (i) the amount and orientation of collagen fibres associated with the tongue muscles and the mechanical properties that this connective tissue confers to the tongue as a whole; and (ii) the transfer of inertia from the opening jaws to the tongue, which probably involves a catch mechanism that increases the acceleration achieved during mouth opening. The mechanisms of tongue protraction differ in the types of neural mechanisms that are used to control tongue movements, particularly in the relative importance of feed–forward versus feedback control, in requirements for precise interjoint coordination, in the size and number of motor units, and in the afferent pathways that are involved in coordinating tongue and jaw movements. Evolution of biomechanics and neuromuscular control of frog tongues provides an example in which neuromuscular control is finely tuned to the biomechanical constraints and opportunities provided by differences in morphological design among species.
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Ruellas, Antônio Carlos de Oliveira, Matheus Melo Pithon, and Rogério Lacerda dos Santos. "Miniscrew-supported coil spring for molar uprighting: description." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 1 (February 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000100012.

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INTRODUCTION: Since the beginning of miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage, many applications have been described in the literature. Among these, one is the uprighting of mesially inclined molars. In regard to the mechanical aspects, however, there is little information about the application of orthodontic forces using such devices. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe a miniscrew supported spring for uprighting of mesially inclined molars. With this device, one can achieve the correct use of orthodontic biomechanics, thus favoring more predictable tooth movements and preventing unwanted movements from occurring.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanical movements Biomechanics"

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Wiersdorf, Jason. "Preliminary design approach for prosthetic ankle joints using compliant mechanisms /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1138.pdf.

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Lee, Koo-Hyoung. "Biomechanical models of the finger in the sagittal plane." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222007-091337/.

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Kaphle, Manindra. "Simulations of human movements through temporal discretization and optimization." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4585.

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Study of physical phenomena by means of mathematical models is common in various branches of engineering and science. In biomechanics, modelling often involves studying human motion by treating the body as a mechanical system made of interconnected rigid links. Robotics deals with similar cases as robots are often designed to imitate human behavior. Modelling human movements is a complicated task and, therefore, requires several simplifications and assumptions. Available computational resources often dictate the nature and the complexity of the models. In spite of all these factors, several meaningful results are still obtained from the simulations.

One common problem form encountered in real life is the movement between known initial and final states in a pre-specified time. This presents a problem of dynamic redundancy as several different trajectories are possible to achieve the target state. Movements are mathematically described by differential equations. So modelling a movement involves solving these differential equations, along with optimization to find a cost effective trajectory and forces or moments required for this purpose.

In this study, an algorithm developed in Matlab is used to study dynamics of several common human movements. The main underlying idea is based upon temporal finite element discretization, together with optimization. The algorithm can deal with mechanical formulations of varying degrees of complexity and allows precise definitions of initial and target states and constraints. Optimization is carried out using different cost functions related to both kinematic and kinetic variables.

Simulations show that generally different optimization criteria give different results. To arrive on a definite conclusion on which criterion is superior over others it is necessary to include more detailed features in the models and incorporate more advanced anatomical and physiological knowledge. Nevertheless, the algorithm and the simplified models present a platform that can be built upon to study more complex and reliable models.

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Balasubramaniam, Srinivasa Prashanth. "Influence of Joint Kinematics and Joint Moment on the Design of an Active Exoskeleton to Assist Elderly with Sit-to-Stand Movement." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458643962.

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Bergamini, Elena. "Biomechanics of sprint running : a methodological contribution." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00591130.

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La biomécanique du sport décrit le mouvement humain dans le but d'améliorer la performance et de réduire les blessures. Dans ce contexte, le but des experts des sciences sportives est de fournir aux entraîneurs et médecins des informations fiables sur la technique des athlètes. Le manque de méthodes permettant l'évaluation des athlètes sur le terrain ainsi que l'estimation précise des efforts articulaires représente, à ce jour, une limitation majeure pour atteindre ces objectifs. Les travaux effectués dans la thèse vise à contribuer au développement des ces méthodes. Deux approches complémentaires ont été adoptées: une Approche à Basse Résolution - relative à l'évaluation de la performance - où l'utilisation de capteurs inertiels portables est exploitée au cours des différentes phases de la course de vitesse, et une Approche à Haute Résolution - lié à l'estimation des efforts articulaires pour la prévention des blessures - où des contraintes personnalisées pour la modélisation cinématique du genou dans le contexte des techniques d'optimisation multi-corps ont été définies. Les résultats obtenus par l'Approche à Basse Résolution indiquent que, en raison de leur portabilité et leur faible coût, les capteurs inertiels sont une alternative valable aux instrumentations de laboratoire pour l'évaluation de la performance pendant la course de vitesse. En utilisant les données d'accélération et de vitesse angulaire, l'inclinaison et la vitesse angulaire du tronc, la vitesse horizontale instantanée et le déplacement du centre de masse, ainsi que la durée de la phase d'appui et du pas ont été estimés. En ce qui concerne l'Approche à Haute Résolution, les résultats ont montré que les longueurs du ligament antérieur croisé et du latéral externe diminuaient, alors que celle du faisceau profond du ligament latéral interne augmentait de manière significative lors de la flexion. Les variations de longueur du ligament croisé postérieur et du faisceau superficiel du ligament latéral médial étaient de l'ordre de l'indétermination expérimentale. Un modèle mathématique a été fourni qui a permis l'estimation des longueurs ligamentaires personnalisées en fonction de la flexion du genou et qui peuvent être intégrées dans une procédure d'optimisation multi-corps.
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Lowry, Rachelle E. "Influence of Mechanical Choices on Development and Persistence of Osteoarthritis: How Alexander Technique Can Promote Prevention and Management." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/351.

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Is osteoarthritis a fate unconditionally vested in genetic makeup, or are joints aggravated into inflammation by the way they are treated? Humans are a complicated conglomeration of experiences, decisions, and inheritance. Osteoarthritis, likewise, has evaded simplicity in any explanation of its causation, so it necessitates a multi-dimensional perspective. This research considers the relevance of Alexander Technique in filling a void in which treatment and management of osteoarthritis is not equally equipped to answer this multi-dimensional causation. Alexander Technique is classified as a movement therapy, but this does not quite encompass the mindset of it—that it is indeed largely a mindset about movement. More concisely, Alexander Technique emphasizes self-awareness about how a person uses his or her body to perform daily tasks. It is physical minimalism, and involves continual recognition of muscle tension along with the ability to let go of any tension that is burdensome and unnecessary. This technique has diminished pain and increased the ease of movement for those who have experienced it, even people with osteoarthritis. To build the argument that osteoarthritis can be hindered through a heightened consideration of how joints are treated, the initial component of this research investigated the vast amount of information already gleaned about the pathogenesis of this disease. The fields of physiology, genetics, immunology, and clinical practice already have much to share, and this knowledge has been combined with studies about the benefits and goals of Alexander Technique to discover the common ground of osteoarthritis treatment. The experimental component assesses the association of Alexander Technique to the minimization of pain from osteoarthritis. An online survey asks osteoarthritis cohorts about the history of their disease, the effect it has had on their pain levels and activities of daily living, and about the efficacy of their management strategies. Because each participant will be asked if he or she has received Alexander Technique lessons, the survey can be used to analyze each respondent’s experience of osteoarthritis with respect to that. It was found that participants who had received Alexander Technique lessons reported an average of one more pain-free day per week, and experienced diminished pain levels for daily physical activities such as walking. Management strategies also indicated the benefit of Alexander Technique; those who had taken lessons less frequently used pain and anti-inflammatory medications and were able to be more physically active than the unexposed group. No statistical significance was achieved from the data, largely owing to small sample size (Alexander Technique, n=12, no Alexander Technique, n=25). This study is a step in the direction of better osteoarthritis management, promoting prevention-minded awareness of joint use and providing preliminary fuel for more extensive research.
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Munevar, Steven. "Mechanics of Fibroblast Migration: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/36.

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Cell migration involves complex mechanical interactions between cells or between cells and the underlying substrate. Using a newly developed technique, "traction force microscopy", I have been able to visualize the dynamic characteristics of mechanical forces exerted by migrating fibroblasts such as magnitude, direction, and shear. For NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, I found that the lamellipodium provides nearly all of the force necessary for cell migration. A high shear zone separates the lamellipodium from the remainder of the cell body, suggesting that they are mechanically distinct entities. The timing of the tractions at the leading edge, as well as the spatial distribution, bears no apparent relationship to concurrent local protrusive activities, yet changes in traction force patterns often precede changes in migration direction. In H-ras transformed cells I found isolated regions of weak, transient traction forces in pseudopods all along the cell that appeared to act against one another. The resulting shear pattern suggested that there were multiple disorganized mechanical domains. These results support a frontal towing model for cell migration where the dynamic traction forces at the leading edge served to actively pull the cell body forward. In H-ras transformed cells, the weak poorly coordinated traction forces coupled with weak cell substrate-adhesions were likely responsible for the abnormal motile behavior of these cells. To probe the mechanical interactions beneath various regions of migrating fibroblasts, a cell substrate inhibitor (GRGDTP peptide) was locally applied while imaging stress distribution on the substrate utilizing traction force microscopy. I found that both spontaneous and GRGDTP induced detachment of the trailing edge resulted in extensive cell shortening with no change in overall traction force magnitude or cell migration. Conversely, leading edge disruption resulted in a dramatic global loss of traction forces pnor to any significant cell shortening. These results suggested that fibroblasts transmit their contractile forces to the substrate through two distinct types of adhesions. Leading edge adhesions were unique in their ability to transmit active propulsive forces whereas trailing end adhesions created passive resistance during cell migration and readily redistributed their loads upon detachment. I have also investigated how fibroblasts regulate traction forces based on mechanical input. My results showed that stretching forces applied through the flexible substrate induced increases in both intracellular calcium concentration and traction forces in fibroblasts. Treatment with gadolinium, a well known stretch-activated ion channel inhibitor, was found to inhibit both traction forces and cell migration without inhibiting cellular spread morphology or protrusive activities. Gadolinium treatment also caused a pronounced decrease in vinculin and phosphotyrosine concentrations from focal adhesions. Local application of gadolinium to the trailing region had no detectable effect on overall traction forces or cell migration, whereas local application to the leading edge caused a global inhibition of traction forces and an inhibition of migration. These observations suggest that stretch activated entry of calcium ions in the frontal region serves to regulate the organization of focal adhesions and the output of mechanical forces. Together my experiments elucidate how fibroblasts exert mechanical forces to propel their movements, and how fibroblasts utilize mechanical input to regulate their movements.
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Taylor, Melissa Rose. "The Effect of Input Parameters on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Theoretical and Postural Control Data: Data Length Significantly Affects Results." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1448879109.

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Ridzon, Matthew C. "Quantifying Cerebellar Movement With Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1590752448366714.

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Timmis, Matthew A. "Visuomotor control of step descent : the importance of visual information from the lower visual field in regulating landing control : when descending a step from a stationary standing position or during on-going gait, is online visual information from the lower visual field important in regulating prelanding kinematic and landing mechanic variables?" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4439.

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The majority of previous research investigating the role of vision in controlling adaptive gait has predominantly focused on over-ground walking or obstacle negotiation. Thus there is a paucity of literature investigating visuomotor control of step descent. This thesis addressed the importance of the lower visual field (lvf) in regulating step descent landing control, and determined when visual feedback is typically used in regulating landing control prior to/during step descent. When step descents were completed from a stationary starting position, with the lvf occluded or degraded, participants adapted their stepping strategy in a manner consistent with being uncertain regarding the precise location of the foot/lower leg relative to the floor. However, these changes in landing control under conditions of lvf occlusion were made without fundamentally altering stepping strategy. This suggests that participants were able to plan the general stepping strategy when only upper visual field cues were available. When lvf was occluded from either 2 or 1 step(s) prior to descending a step during on-going gait, stepping strategy was only affected when the lvf was occluded in the penultimate step. Findings suggest that lvf cues are acquired in the penultimate step/few seconds prior to descent and provide exproprioceptive information of the foot/lower leg relative to the floor which ensures landing is regulated with increased certainty. Findings also highlight the subtle role of online vision used in the latter portion of step descent to 'fine tune' landing control.
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Books on the topic "Mechanical movements Biomechanics"

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Hamill, Joseph. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2009.

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Kathleen, Knutzen, ed. Biomechanical basis of human movement. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.

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1912-, Cooper John Miller, ed. Biomechanics of human movement. Madison, Wis: Brown & Benchmark, 1995.

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Adrian, Marlene. The biomechanics of human movement. Indianapolis, Ind: Benchmark Press, 1989.

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Hamill, Joe. Biomechanical basis of human movement. Malvern, PA: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.

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Human body dynamics: Classical mechanics and human movement. New York: Springer, 2000.

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Biomechanical analysis of fundamental human movements. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008.

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Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

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1930-, Winter David A., ed. Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1990.

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Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanical movements Biomechanics"

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Brüggemann, P. "Mechanical Load on the Achilles Tendon During Rapid Dynamic Sport Movements." In Biomechanics: Current Interdisciplinary Research, 669–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7432-9_101.

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Holwill, Michael E. J. "Mechanical Aspects of Ciliary Propulsion." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Division of Cells, 393–413. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78975-5_11.

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Adams, Dany Spencer. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Physarum Cytoplasm." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Deformation of Cells, 423–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83631-2_12.

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Winters, Jack M., and Patrick E. Crago. "Introduction: Neural and Mechanical Contributions to Upper Limb Movement." In Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement, 315–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2104-3_23.

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Koehl, M. A. R., Dany S. Adams, and Ray E. Keller. "Mechanical Development of the Notochord in Xenopus Early Tail-Bud Embryos." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Deformation of Cells, 471–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83631-2_19.

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Mittenthal, Jay E., and Antone G. Jacobson. "The Mechanics of Morphogenesis in Multicellular Embryos." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Deformation of Cells, 295–401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83631-2_10.

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Skalak, Richard, and Cheng Zhu. "Thermodynamics and Mechanics of Active Cell Motions." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Deformation of Cells, 155–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83631-2_5.

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Lambert, Charles A., Pascal Y. Lefebvre, Christophe Deroanne, Betty V. Nusgens, and Charles M. Lapière. "Mechanical Tension Regulates the Phenotype of Cells Cultured in a Collagen Gel." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Division of Cells, 519–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78975-5_26.

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Beloussov, L. V. "The Interplay of Active Forces and Passive Mechanical Stresses in Animal Morphogenesis." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Division of Cells, 131–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78975-5_5.

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Harris, Albert K. "Multicellular Mechanics in the Creation of Anatomical Structures." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Division of Cells, 87–129. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78975-5_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanical movements Biomechanics"

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Mesfar, Wissal, and Kodjo Moglo. "Effect of Head Weight on the Biomechanics of a Cervical Spine Under Extension and Flexion Moments." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38767.

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The determination of head and neck biomechanics is one of the keys for deep understanding of impairments in neck function and cervical spine pathologies. Finite element models are a valuable tool to perform parametric studies. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of a 40N head weight on the biomechanics of the head and neck complex under flexion-extension moments. The loading is applied to the centre of mass of the head and the first thoracic vertebra is fixed. Our predictions show that the kinematics and the load distribution at the facet joints were altered significantly with considering of the head weight under the flexion and extension movements. Our investigations indicate the substantial role of the head weight on the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine and suggest its consideration in comparing the models predictions with the measurements.
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van den Bogert, Antonie J., and Ahmet Erdemir. "Concurrent Simulations of Musculoskeletal Movements and Tissue Deformations." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176194.

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In computational biomechanics, there are two well-developed but separate modeling domains: multibody (MB) dynamics for body movements, and finite element (FE) modeling or tissue deformations. State of the art movement simulations make use of accurate musculoskeletal models and allow prediction of resultant forces in joints and muscles. These simulations, however, do not explicitly represent the distribution of mechanical loads within these anatomical structures. One approach to overcome this limitation is to use these resultant loads as input for a finite element model which is then used for postprocessing at specific instants in time.
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Fontanili, Luca, Massimo Milani, Luca Montorsi, and Roberto Citarella. "Biomechanical Analyses of Professional Ultramarathon Athletes: The Effect of Repeated Long Distances on the Gait Kinematic and Kinetics." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23748.

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Abstract Constant monitoring of an athlete allows to foresee any injuries by acting on the dynamics of the movements. For runners, the conduct of a correct athletic gesture according to the athlete’s specific body biomechanics guarantees the minimization of non-accidental injury factors. For athletes who are engaged in endurance sports such as marathon runners, the long distances to which they are subjected increases the importance of this type of monitoring. This work reports the results of a study carried out on three IUTA (Italian Ultramarathon and Trail Association) athletes during a routine check carried out at a reference healthcare facility that takes care of their care. These athletes are all specialized in the 24-hour race in which they try to reach the most distance in this time. This type of effort can be made if the athlete undergoes an adequate training regime over long distances. The execution of the running pattern in such a repeated way can lead to the accentuation of postural and joint problems. It is therefore necessary to monitor the biomechanics parameters. In this work, therefore, various gestures are analyzed to show potential movement deficits in order to act in advance on the running technique.
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Sanders, John K., and Steven B. Shooter. "The Design and Development of an Animatronic Eye." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5991.

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Abstract Animatronics creatively applies the skills of mechanical, electrical, and software engineering in order to recreate the movements of the creatures they replace. This paper discusses the design and development of an animatronic eye actuation and control system that reproduces realistic eye movements and expressions by drawing from the biomechanics of the human eye. Three modular, yet well integrated, eye components were developed to reproduce the movements of the eyeballs, the eyelids, and the eyebrows. The mechanical eyeballs mimic a human’s saccadic, convergence, and tracking movements. The eyelids can be programmed to move both slowly and rapidly to adjust for the proper range of expressions. The eyebrows can convey a variety of emotions by wrinkling the forehead in a fashion similar to the human eyebrows. A widely adaptable PC software interface controls the system’s servo motors to recreate human-like facial expressions ranging from sleepy and slow moving to rapid, alert behaviors. Discussed is the design process that brought the extremely complex roles of the eye muscles, tissues, and tendons to a cleverly adapted and easily constructed mechanical eye system. Careful analysis of the biomechanical function of the human eye structure was conducted, and a model that could most effectively recreate similar movements was developed.
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Hajizadeh, Khatereh, Mengjie Huang, Ian Gibson, and Gabriel Liu. "Developing a 3D Multi-Body Model of a Scoliotic Spine During Lateral Bending for Comparison of Ribcage Flexibility and Lumbar Joint Loading to the Normal Model." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62899.

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Knowledge of the movements of the whole spine and lumbosacral joint is important for evaluating clinical pathologic conditions that may potentially produce unstable situations in human body movements. At present there are few studies that report systematic three-dimensional (3D) movement and force analysis of the whole spine. In this paper, a fully discretized bio-fidelity 3D musculoskeletal simulation model for biomechanical (kinematic) analysis of scoliosis for a patient with right thoracolumbar scoliosis is presented. It is important to note that this method can be used for modeling various types of scoliosis. It should be noted that this is the first time that such a detailed model of this kind has been constructed according to known literature. The combined loading conditions acting on the intervertebral joints and corresponding angles between vertebrae were analyzed during lateral bending through the motion capturing and musculoskeletal modeling of two female subjects, one with normal spine and the other with scoliosis. The scoliosis subject who participated in this study has thoracolumbar scoliosis with convexity to the right. Since lateral bending is one of the typical tasks used by clinicians to determine the severity of scoliosis condition, the motion data of the subjects in lateral bending while standing was captured. These motion data were assigned to train the musculoskeletal multi-body models for the inverse and forward dynamics simulations. The mobility of the ribcage, joint angle, as well as joint force were analyzed using the developed simulation model. According to the results obtained the combined loadings at the lumbar joints in the scoliosis model are considerably higher than the loads of the normal model in this exercise. This research has investigated the effect of thoracolumbar scoliosis on spinal angles and joint forces in lateral bending by the application of motion data capturing and virtual musculoskeletal modeling. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of human spine biomechanics and help future investigations on scoliosis to understand its development as well as improved treatment processes.
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Huang, Cunjun, Pradip N. Sheth, and Kevin P. Granata. "Multibody Dynamics Integrated With Muscle Models and Space-Time Constraints for Optimization of Lifting Movements." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85385.

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A multibody dynamics model integrated with space-time constraints based optimization is presented in this paper for generating optimal trajectories of human lifting movements. “Space-time constraints” is a two-point boundary value dynamic optimization technique developed for animation of computer graphics characters and has a significant potential for biomechanics and other mechanical movement based dynamic optimization problems. Optimization results demonstrate the ability to consider different preferences for minimizing the loading of specific joints such as an ankle, or a knee, or a shoulder during the lifting motion and the resulting lifting trajectories are shown to be different. Lumped muscle models to generate the joint torques are incorporated at five joints to model the actuation effects of the muscular system during the dynamic movement. The dynamic optimization is then based on the muscle activation parameters instead of the traditionally used joint torques. The muscle activation model optimization is shown to correlate better with the actual motion tests conducted by the VICON video capture and test data analysis system.
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Knox, Erick H., Anne C. Mathias, Amber Rath Stern, Michael P. Van Bree, and Dennis B. Brickman. "Methods of Accident Reconstruction: Biomechanical and Human Factors Considerations." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53666.

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Accident reconstruction involving consumer products and industrial equipment often requires biomechanical and/or human factors analyses to help determine the root cause of an accident scenario. A systematic method has been established which incorporates numerous components of the sciences of biomechanics and human factors and uses the scientific method as the framework for evaluating competing theories. Using this method, available data are gathered pertaining to the accident or incident and organized in a modified Haddon matrix, with categories for Man [person(s) involved in the accident], Product/Machine, and Environment. Information about the person(s) is separated further into injury and human factors components. The injuries are viewed as physical evidence, where each injury occurred as a result of being exposed to a specific combination of energy, force, motion/deflection, acceleration, etc. The injuries are evaluated with known injury research and categorized with a specific type, location, mechanism, and injury threshold. This injury evidence is then reconciled with the other physical evidence developed from the accident environment and product/machine categories. Human factors evaluations of body size, posture, capabilities, sensory perception, reaction time, and movements create similar information that is also reconciled with the rest of the evidence from an accidental circumstance. At the core of this method is developing scientific data or information that can be used to support or refute accident reconstruction conclusions. An accurate and complete accident reconstruction using the available data must be consistent with the laws of physics, and the physics of interaction between the man, product/machine, and environment.
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Nicolella, Daniel P., Barron Bichon, W. Loren Francis, and Travis D. Eliason. "Dynamic Modeling of Knee Mechanics." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63940.

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It is widely accepted that the mechanical environment within the knee, or more specifically, increased or altered stresses or strains generated within the cartilage, is a leading cause of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, a significant unfulfilled technological challenge in musculoskeletal biomechanics and OA research has been determining the dynamic mechanical environment of the cartilage (and other components) resulting from routine and non-routine physical movements. There are two methods of investigating musculoskeletal joint mechanics that have been used to date: 1) forward and inverse multibody dynamic simulations of human movement and 2) detailed quasi-static finite element modeling of individual joints. The overwhelming majority of work has been focused on musculoskeletal multibody dynamics modeling. This method, in combination with experimental motion capture and analysis, has been integral to understanding torques, muscle and ligament forces, and reaction forces occurring at the joint during activities such as walking, running, squatting, and jumping as well as providing key insights into musculoskeletal motor control schemes. However, multibody dynamics simulations do not allow for the detailed continuum level analysis of the mechanical environment of the cartilage and other knee joint structures (meniscus, ligaments, and underlying bone) within the knee during physical activities. This is a critical technology gap that is required to understand the relationship between functional or injurious loading of the knee and cartilage degradation. We have developed a detailed neuromuscularly activated dynamic finite element model of the human lower body and have used this model to simultaneously determine the dynamic muscle forces, joint kinematics, contact forces, and detailed (e.g., continuum) stresses and strains within the knee (cartilage, meniscus, ligaments, and bone) during several increasingly complex neuromuscularly controlled and actuated lower limb movements. Motion at each joint is controlled explicitly via deformable cartilage-to-cartilage surface contact at each articular surface (rather than idealized as simple revolute or ball and socket joints). The major muscles activating the lower limb are explicitly modeled with Hill-type active force generating springs using anatomical muscle insertion points and geometric wrapping. Muscle activation dynamics were determined via a constrained optimization scheme to minimize muscle activation energy. Time histories of the mechanical environment of all soft tissues within the knee are determined for a simulated leg extension.
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Wiechel, John, Sandra Metzler, Dawn Freyder, and Nick Kloppenborg. "Human Fall Evaluation Using Motion Capture and Human Modeling." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66790.

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Reconstructing the mechanics and determining the cause of a person falling from a height in the absence of witness observations or a statement from the victim can be quite challenging. Often there is little information available beyond the final resting position of the victim and the injuries they sustained. The mechanics of a fall must follow the physics of falling bodies and this physics provides an additional source of information about how the fall occurred. Computational, physics-based simulations can be utilized to model the free-fall portion of the fall kinematics and to analyze biomechanical injury mechanisms. However, an accurate determination of the overall fall kinematics, including the initial conditions and any specific contributions of the person(s) involved, must include the correct position and posture of the individual prior to the fall. Frequently this phase of the analysis includes voluntary movement on the part of the fall victim, which cannot be modeled with simulations using anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). One approach that has been utilized in the past to overcome this limitation is to run the simulations utilizing a number of different initial conditions for the fall victim. While fall simulations allow the initial conditions of the fall to be varied, they are unable to include the active movement of the subject, and the resulting interaction with other objects in the environment immediately prior to or during the fall. Furthermore, accurate contact interactions between the fall victim and multiple objects in their environment can be difficult to model within the simulation, as they are dependent on the knowledge of material properties of these objects and the environment such as elasticity and damping. Motion capture technology, however, allows active subject movement and behaviors to be captured in a quantitative, three-dimensional manner. This information can then be utilized within the fall simulation to more accurately model the initial fall conditions. This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing fall mechanics using a combination of motion capture, human body simulation, and injury biomechanics. This methodology uses as an example a fall situation where interaction between the fall victim and specific objects in the environment, as well as voluntary movements by the fall victim immediately prior to the accident, provided information that could not be otherwise obtained. Motion capture was first used to record the possible motions of a person in the early stages of the fall. The initial position of the fall victim within the physics based simulation of the body in free fall was determined utilizing the individual body segment and joint angles from the motion capture analysis. The methodology is applied to a real world case example and compared with the actual outcome.
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Hernandez Barbosa, Jeyson Andres, Sebastian Roa Prada, Dario J. Hernandez Bolivar, Brajan Nicolas Ruiz Romero, and Oscar E. Rueda. "Motion Capture of the Selective Hand Picking Movements As the Basis for the Design of Mechanically Assisted Picking Tools in Coffee Plantations in Colombia." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88428.

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Besides oil, coffee is one of the most traded commodities worldwide. Colombia is known as the producer of the highest quality coffee in the world, thanks to its smooth taste and aroma. One of the key elements that are responsible for the quality of Colombian coffee is its harvesting method, in which it is enforced that only mature fruits are harvested. Given the terrain conditions in which coffee trees grow, the preferred harvesting method in Colombia is selective hand picking, in which each coffee grain is individually teared off from the branch that is attached to. This work focuses on the analysis of the motion of a human hand performing the action of manual selective coffee harvesting. The analysis is based on the data collected from a custom made motion capture system, which consists of a glove capable of sensing the angular movement of the joints, and accelerations at the tip of the fingers, by means of a set of flex sensors and accelerometers, respectively. The methods followed in this investigation include the study of the biomechanics of the hand, as applied to the motion of hand picking of coffee, which proved to be fundamental for the analysis of the experimentally measured data. After processing the experimental data, the patterns of movement done by a human coffee harvester can be simulated and replicated, which allows identifying trajectories that a good harvester follows, as compared to other harvesters, which collect smaller amounts of grains during the same period of time. After having parameterized the motion of efficient selective hand picking, the results from this investigation serve as the basis for the design and optimization of an electromechanical tool to assist in the process of coffee harvesting, which minimizes the amount of green beans removed from the branches of the coffee trees.
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