Journal articles: 'Mechanical pencils'

1

NAKAYAMA, Kyo. "KURUTOGA the Next Generation of Mechanical Pencils." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 112, no. 1093 (2009): 964–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.112.1093_964.

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Flexer, Roberta J., and Naomi Rosenberger. "Beware of Tapping Pencils." Arithmetic Teacher 34, no. 5 (January 1987): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.34.5.0006.

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Advocates of a new, “magical” method for teaching addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are attracting the attention of many elementary chool teachers. The method involves teaching children to tap reference points on numeral to count out sums, differences, and products. Teacher like it because it's easy. Student catch on quickly and get the right answers. Even students who might have had trouble with arithmetic before can tap out correct answers. What's the problem, then? To a mathematics educator, the problem with the new “magic” is that a mechanical technique for getting answers is displacing learning with understanding.

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Liu, Yan, Hai Wang, Wei Zhao, Min Zhang, and Hongbo Qin. "Pencil-on-paper flexible electronics for daily sensing applications." Circuit World 45, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-05-2018-0037.

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Purpose Inspired by the development of eco-friendly flexible electronics, this paper aims to present a series of paper-based electronics drawn by pencils, which can be used as favorable sensing elements in daily life. Design/methodology/approach Pencil traces are deposited on the porous surface of Xerox paper by the mechanical exfoliation during writing process, which can be used as basic components to construct functional electronics for daily sensing applications. By changing pencil grade, the obtained traces can work as conductive wires, electrodes, resistors and piezoresistive gauges. Findings The experimental results confirm their practical applications in sensing several daily activities, including finger motion, touching and the temperature of water in paper cup. Moreover, the used electronics can be easily handled and recycled. Research limitations/implications The shortage in functionality, reliability and performance consistency induced by manual operation is an evident challenge, which makes the pencil-on-paper devices more suitable to work as a temporary solution to satisfying the demands from emergency circumstances. Originality/value The pencil-on-paper devices, motivated by the electroconductibility and piezoresistivity of pencil trace, can be explored as sensing prototypes in detecting daily activities. Meantime, their advances in easy accessibility, rapid fabrication, low cost and eco-fitness endow them excellent capacity of meeting the “on-site, real-time” demands.

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Liao, Chun-An, Yee-Kwan Kwan, Tien-Chan Chang, and Yiin-Kuen Fuh. "Ball-Milled Recycled Lead-Graphite Pencils as Highly Stretchable and Low-Cost Thermal-Interface Materials." Polymers 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070799.

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A simple and sustainable production of nanoplatelet graphite at low cost is presented using carbon-based materials, including the recycled lead-graphite pencils. In this work, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (EGNs), ball-milled exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (BMEGNs) and recycled lead-graphite pencils (recycled 2B), as well as thermally cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), are used to fabricate highly stretchable thermal-interface materials (TIMs) with good thermally conductive and mechanically robust properties. Several characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that recycled nanoplatelet graphite with lateral size of tens of micrometers can be reliably produced. Experimentally, the thermal conductivity was measured for EGNs, BMEGNs and recycled 2B fillers with/without the effect of ball milling. The in-plane thermal conductivities of 12.97 W/mK (EGN), 13.53 W/mK (recycled 2B) and 14.56 W/mK (BMEGN) and through-plane thermal conductivities of 0.76 W/mK (EGN), 0.84 W/mK (recycled 2B) and 0.95 W/mK (BMEGN) were experimentally measured. Anisotropies were calculated as 15.31, 15.98 and 16.95 for EGN, recycled 2B and BMEGN, respectively. In addition, the mechanical robustness of the developed TIMs is such that they are capable of repeatedly bending at 180 degrees with outstanding flexibility, including the low-cost renewable material of recycled lead-graphite pencils. For heat dissipating application in high-power electronics, the TIMs of recycled 2B are capable of effectively reducing temperatures to approximately 6.2 °C as favorably compared with thermal grease alone.

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Chu, Moody T., and Nicoletta Del Buono. "Total decoupling of general quadratic pencils, Part I: Theory." Journal of Sound and Vibration 309, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.05.058.

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6

Boley, Daniel. "Computing rank-deficiency of rectangular matrix pencils." Systems & Control Letters 9, no. 3 (September 1987): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(87)90042-9.

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Gäbler, Jan, Lothar Schäfer, Bernd Menze, and Hans-Werner Hoffmeister. "Micro abrasive pencils with CVD diamond coating." Diamond and Related Materials 12, no. 3-7 (March 2003): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-9635(03)00059-1.

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Tan, Shaohua, and Joos Vandewalle. "A canonical form for regular pencils of matrices." Systems & Control Letters 7, no. 5 (September 1986): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(86)90055-1.

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9

Chang, F. R., and H. C. Chen. "The generalized Cayley-Hamilton theorem for standard pencils." Systems & Control Letters 18, no. 3 (March 1992): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(92)90003-b.

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10

Brady, M., and S. Peterson. "A Derivation of the Pole Curve Equations in the Projective Plane." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826096.

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Traditional four-position mechanism synthesis focuses on the poles corresponding to four displacements of a rigid body. From these poles equations for the center-point and circle-point curves are developed. However, if a pole is infinite (the associated displacement is a pure translation), the established derivations for the pole curve equation break down. One can eliminate this problem by expressing the pole curve equation in the projective plane, because all points, including points at infinity, have finite homogeneous coordinates. In this paper, the pole curve equation is derived in the projective plane. This projection derivation is an analytic expression of Alt’s graphical construction of the pole curve. The pole curve is the intersection of a pair of projective pencils of circles (one pencil for opposite sides of the opposite-pole quadrilateral) which are defined by the homogeneous coordinates of the poles. The resulting equations are applied to several problems in the synthesis of four-bar linkages. In addition the rotation curves, the locus of displacement poles for a four-bar linkage, are computed for linkages with sliding joints.

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11

Pagkali, Varvara, Eleftheria Stavra, Dionysios Soulis, and Anastasios Economou. "Development of a High-Throughput Low-Cost Approach for Fabricating Fully Drawn Paper-Based Analytical Devices Using Commercial Writing Tools." Chemosensors 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070178.

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This work reports the development and optimization of a rapid and low-cost pen-on-paper plotting approach for the fabrication of paper-based analytical devices (PADs) using commercial writing stationery. The desired fluidic patterns were drawn on the paper substrate with commercial marker pens using an inexpensive computer-controlled x–y plotter. For the fabrication of electrochemical PADs, electrodes were further deposited on the devices using a second x–y plotting step with commercial writing pencils. The effect of the fabrication parameters (type of paper, type of marker pen, type of pencil, plotting speed, number of passes, single- vs. double-sided plotting), the chemical resistance of the plotted devices to different solvents and the structural rigidity to multiple loading cycles were assessed. The analytical utility of these devices is demonstrated through application in optical sensing of total phenols using reflectance calorimetry and in electrochemical sensing of paracetamol and ascorbic acid. The proposed manufacturing approach is simple, low cost, flexible, rapid and fit-for-purpose and enables the fabrication of sub-“one-dollar” PADs with satisfactory mechanical and chemical resistance and good analytical performance.

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12

Chu, Moody T., and Nicoletta Del Buono. "Total decoupling of general quadratic pencils, Part II: Structure preserving isospectral flows." Journal of Sound and Vibration 309, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.05.052.

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13

Kaviya, S., S. Kabila, and K. V. Jayasree. "Hexagonal bottom-neck ZnO nano pencils: A study of structural, optical and antibacterial activity." Materials Letters 204 (October 2017): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.06.018.

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14

Jiang, Nan, Moody T. Chu, and Jihong Shen. "Structure-preserving isospectral transformation for total or partial decoupling of self-adjoint quadratic pencils." Journal of Sound and Vibration 449 (June 2019): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.01.009.

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15

Hinrichsen, D., and N. K. Son. "Stability radii of linear discrete-time systems and symplectic pencils." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 1, no. 2 (April 1991): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4590010204.

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16

Thilmany, Jean. "Online Design." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 03 (March 1, 2000): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-mar-3.

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This article discusses that computer-based technologies have greatly influenced the way design engineers work. The first technological innovation was the use of high-powered personal computers. With PCs, engineers had access to high-speed applications of computer-aided design software right at their own desks. Personal computers took the place of rulers and pencils. The second innovation, he said, is the advancing capability of PCs to function as supercomputers, crunching numbers much faster than formerly possible. By taking advantage of this technology, engineers untrained in a mathematical application such as finite element analysis can run an FEA software program that performs calculations automatically and will shave weeks off the design process. Hothouse uses the Spatial technology to repair CAD models brought in from outside sources and to translate CAD files the company sends to its suppliers, collaborators, and clients. Before Hothouse began sending CAD files to the online service, company employees spent days repairing or rebuilding files on their own. Sometimes suppliers or clients that received Hothouse CAD files had to do similar work on their end.

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17

Karageorgos, A. D., L. Moysis, V. C. Fragkoulis, I. A. Kougioumtzoglou, and A. A. Pantelous. "Random vibration of linear systems with singular matrices based on Kronecker canonical forms of matrix pencils." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 161 (December 2021): 107896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.107896.

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18

Dilsiz, Alparslan, and Tugba Aydin. "Self-Inflicted Gingival Injury Due to Habitual Fingernail Scratching: A Case Report with a 1-Year Follow Up." European Journal of Dentistry 03, no. 02 (April 2009): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697423.

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ABSTRACTInjuries to oral soft-tissues can occur due to accidental, iatrogenic, and factitious traumas. Traumatic lesions, whether chemical, physical, or thermal in nature, are among the most common in the mouth. A type of physical injury to the gingival tissues is self-inflicted. Sometimes the lesions are termed gingivitis artefacta. Self-inflicted gingival injuries in children and adolescents can occur as a result of accidental trauma, premeditated infliction, or chronic habits such as fingernail biting, digit sucking, or sucking on objects such as pens, pencils or pacifiers. The purpose of this case report was to illustrate the destructive nature of the habit and to describe the successful treatment of this case. A 14-year-old girl with moderate pain, gingival bleeding and recession in the anterior mandibulary region was admitted to periodontology clinic. Upon questioning, the patient readily admitted traumatizing her gingiva with her fingernail. Treatment consisted of oral hygiene instruction, mechanical debridement, psychological support and surgical periodontal treatment. Postoperatively, complete root coverage, gains in clinical attachment levels, and highly significant increases in the width of keratinized gingiva were observed. This case report shows that it is possible to treat gingival injury and maintain the periodontal health of a patient with destructive habit. Patient compliance, regular dental follow-ups, and psychological support may be useful in stabilizing the periodontal condition of these patients. Dentists must be aware that self-inflicted gingival injury, although thought to be uncommon, is quite widespread. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:150-155)

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19

WATANABE, Kenji, Yukihiro MATSUBARA, and Mitsuo NAGAMACHI. "Analysis of mechanical pencil design based on Kansei Engnieering." Japanese journal of ergonomics 31, Supplement (1995): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.31.supplement_272.

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20

Willits, A. B. "OBJECT LESSONS.-THE LENS AND PENCIL IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1899.tb01261.x.

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21

Petroski, H. "On the Fracture of Pencil Points." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173100.

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22

Easton, Don. "The quantum mechanical tipping pencil—a caution for physics teachers." European Journal of Physics 28, no. 6 (September 12, 2007): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/28/6/007.

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23

Janowska, I., F. Vigneron, D. Bégin, O. Ersen, P. Bernhardt, T. Romero, M. J. Ledoux, and C. Pham-Huu. "Mechanical thinning to make few-layer graphene from pencil lead." Carbon 50, no. 8 (July 2012): 3106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.02.064.

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24

Pogozelski, E., D. Cole, and M. Wesley. "Examination of the Stress Distribution in the Tip of a Pencil." Journal of Applied Mechanics 73, no. 2 (May 24, 2005): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2062847.

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The stresses within the tip of a pencil are examined theoretically, numerically, and experimentally to determine the position and orientation of the fracture surface. The von Mises stress is used to evaluate the impact of the normal and shear stresses due to compression, bending, torsion, and shear. The worst-case stress is shown to occur along the top edge of the inclined pencil point, where the normal stress is compressive. The resulting crack propagates diagonally downwards and towards the tip from this initial position, and is frequently observed to contain a cusp.

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25

Duy, Pham Khac, Jong-Ryeul Sohn, and Hoeil Chung. "A mechanical pencil lead-supported carbon nanotube/Au nanodendrite structure as an electrochemical sensor for As(iii) detection." Analyst 141, no. 20 (2016): 5879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an00803h.

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A mechanical pencil lead (MPL), an easily obtainable carbon-based material with a consistent size, was used as a frame to construct an MPL-supported carbon nanotube/Au nanodendrite (MPL-CNT/AuND) sensor through simple electrodeposition of Au onto the MPL in the presence of CNTs.

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HIGUCHI, Toshiro, Katsushi FURUTANI, Yutaka YAMAGATA, and Kohzo TAKEDA. "Development of pencil-size electro-discharge machine." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 57, no. 5 (1991): 910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.57.910.

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27

Chen, C., M. C. Plante, C. Fradin, and R. R. LaPierre. "Layer-by-layer and step-flow growth mechanisms in GaAsP/GaP nanowire heterostructures." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 11 (November 2006): 2801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0341.

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GaP–GaAsP segmented nanowires (NWs), with diameters ranging between 20 and 500 nm and lengths between 0.5 and 2 μm, were catalytically grown from Au particles on a GaAs (111)B substrate in a gas source molecular beam epitaxy system. The morphology of the NWs was either pencil-shaped with a tapered tip or rod-shaped with a constant diameter along the entire length. Stacking faults were observed for most NWs with diameters greater than 30 nm, but thinner ones tended to exhibit fewer defects. Moreover, stacking faults were more likely found in GaAsP than in GaP. The composition of the pencil NWs exhibited a core–shell structure at the interface region, and rod-shaped NWs resulted in planar and atomically abrupt heterointerfaces. A detailed growth mechanism is presented based on a layer-by-layer growth mode for the rod-shaped NWs and a step-flow growth mode for the tapered region of the pencil NWs.

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28

Rijnders, Guus, and Dave H. A. Blank. "An atomic force pencil and eraser." Nature Materials 7, no. 4 (April 2008): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat2145.

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DATTA, B. N., S. ELHAY, Y. M. RAM, and D. R. SARKISSIAN. "PARTIAL EIGENSTRUCTURE ASSIGNMENT FOR THE QUADRATIC PENCIL." Journal of Sound and Vibration 230, no. 1 (February 2000): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2620.

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30

Shebl, Abdelhadi M., Khaled R. Zalata, Maha M. Amin, and Amira K. El-Hawary. "An inexpensive method of small paraffin tissue microarrays using mechanical pencil tips." Diagnostic Pathology 6, no. 1 (2011): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-6-117.

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31

Feng, Bin, Di Wang, Yuhui Li, Junpeng Qian, Chenlei Yu, Mingsi Wang, Danni Luo, and Shuangying Wei. "Mechanical Properties of a Soy Protein Isolate–Grafted–Acrylate (SGA) Copolymer Used for Wood Coatings." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051137.

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Changing demands have led to rapidly growing interest in the modification of waterborne wood coatings. To improve the performance of a polyacrylate wood coating, especially the strength, hardness, and abrasion resistance of the film, a soy protein isolate–grafted–acrylate (SGA) copolymer was prepared in an aqueous solution with ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and sodium pyrosulfite (SPS) as an unfolding agent for the soybean protein isolate (SPI). The emulsion was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a particle size analyzer. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the film, including the tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation at break, and pencil hardness, were measured. The results showed that the glass transition temperature of the polyacrylic resin decreased to 35 °C after the SPI grafting. The elastic modulus of the film increased from 0.317 to 46.949 MPa, and the elongation at break decreased from 453.133% to 187.125% as the addition of SPI varied from 0 to 4 g, respectively. The pencil hardness of the wood coating increased from HB to 3H. This paper proposes a feasible route for the utilization of SPI for wood coatings.

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32

Wang, C. P., X. J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, and K. Ishida. "Self-formed pencil-like bulk composite materials consisting of copper alloy and stainless steel." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 4 (April 2008): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0137.

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On the basis of the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method, the compositional range of stable miscibility gap and volume fractions of the two liquid phases in the Cu–Fe–Cr–Ni system were predicted, which can provide the guidance for design of self-formed composite materials. Based on such information, the self-formed pencil-like bulk composite materials consisting of copper alloy and two kinds of stainless steels were prepared by controlling the compositions of Cu-rich and Fe-rich phases in immiscible liquid system by the conventional casting process. The experimental results are in good agreement with the ones predicted by calculation. This study indicates that it is possible to develop the pencil-like bulk composite materials consisting of copper alloy and stainless steels by the conventional casting process.

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Ebrahimkhanlou, Arvin, Melanie Schneider, Brennan Dubuc, and Salvatore Salamone. "A Deep Learning Framework for Acoustic Emission Sources Localization and Characterization in Complex Aerospace Panels." Materials Evaluation 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2021.me-04179.

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This paper presents a data-driven approach based on deep stacked autoencoders for the localization and characterization of acoustic emission sources in complex aerospace panels. The approach leverages the multimodal and dispersive reverberations of acoustic emissions. The approach is validated by Hsu-Nielsen pencil lead break tests on a fuselage section of a Boeing 777 instrumented with a single piezoelectric sensor.

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Horikawa, Hajime, Takashi Ogihara, Akio Shimomura, and Junko Shimomura. "Preparation and Characterization of Silica Film on PBT Substrate by Sol-Gel Method Using Perhydropolysilazane." Key Engineering Materials 421-422 (December 2009): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.421-422.161.

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Silica, silica/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hybrid, and silica-particle blend silica films were successfully prepared on polybutylene terephtalate (PBT) substrate by dip coating using perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) as a silica source. The effect of thermal treatment on conversion from PHPS to silica was investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of silica and silica/PMMA hybrid thin films also were examined by the pencil scratch hardness tests.

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Gladwell, G. M. L., M. M. Khonsari, and Y. M. Ram. "Stability Boundaries of a Conservative Gyroscopic System." Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1574062.

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Depending on the speed of rotation, a gyroscopic system may lose or gain stability. The paper characterizes the critical angular velocities at which a conservative gyroscopic system may change from a stable to an unstable state, and vice versa, in terms of the eigenvalues of a high-order matrix pencil. A numerical method for evaluation of all possible candidates for such critical velocities is developed.

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Li, Jiaofen, and Xiyan Hu. "A CG-Type Method for Inverse Quadratic Eigenvalue Problems in Model Updating of Structural Dynamics." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 3, no. 1 (February 2011): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.09-m0943.

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AbstractIn this paper we first present a CG-type method for inverse eigenvalue problem of constructing real and symmetric matricesM, DandKfor the quadratic pencilQ(λ) =λ2M+ λD+K, so thatQ(λ) has a prescribed subset of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. This method can determine the solvability of the inverse eigenvalue problem automatically. We then consider the least squares model for updating a quadratic pencilQ(λ). More precisely, we update the model coefficient matrices M, C and K so that (i) the updated model reproduces the measured data, (ii) the symmetry of the original model is preserved, and (iii) the difference between the analytical triplet (M, D, K) and the updated triplet (Mnew,Dnew,Knew) is minimized. In this paper a computationally efficient method is provided for such model updating and numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Dankert, O., J. P. Zijp, A. van Veen, and A. A. Kamperman. "The Influence of Hydrogen on the Visibility of Pencil Pipe Defects." ISIJ International 42, no. 11 (2002): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.1225.

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38

Bai, Li, and Xiao Qing Wu. "Study on Effects of ZrO₂ on High-Resistance Performance of the Silicone Coating." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.365.

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A high-temperature resistant coating that can be used at 1300 °C was prepared in combination with silicone resin and fillers. The effect of ZrO2on high-temperature resistant and mechanical properties of the coating was studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) and X ray diffraction (XRD) .The results shows that the performance of the coating is the best when the amount of ZrO2is 20wt%.the coating can resist 1300 °C, pencil hardness reaches 3H; Meanwhile, It can improve the adhesion and flexibility of the coating.

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Liu, Hong Bo, Ji Hu Wang, Shao Guo Wen, and Chen Yu. "The Application of Calcium Sulfate Whisker in Styrene-Acrylic Emulsions." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.821.

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The styrene-acrylic emulsions were prepared by copolymerization of styrene, acrylic acid and n-butyl acrylate; coatings were achieved by adding calcium sulfate whiskers and titanium dioxides at the presence of dispersing agents and rheological additives. The physical and mechanical properties as well as contact angles of coating films formed on tinplate were characterized in detail. The pencil hardness was slightly decreased; the contact angle was greatly decreased from 69.8o to 12oby adding the calcium sulfate to indicate the hydrophilic coating films may have self-cleaning properties.

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Sağlam, Özlem, Didem Giray Dilgin, Bensu Ertek, and Yusuf Dilgin. "Differential pulse voltammetric determination of eugenol at a pencil graphite electrode." Materials Science and Engineering: C 60 (March 2016): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.031.

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41

Bellamy, Derrick, Vanessa Bateman, Eric C. Drumm, William M. Dunne, Christopher Vandewater, Matthew Mauldon, and Brett Rose. "Electronic Data Collection for Rockfall Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1821, no. 1 (January 2003): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1821-12.

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Rockfall analysis traditionally has used conventional stationery tools, that is, pencil and paper, for data collection. Traditional methodologies are being revisited with the advent of personal digital assistants (PDAs) or pen-based computers that enable field data to be collected electronically. The advantages over data collection with pencil and paper include automatic error and data integrity checks during data input and the elimination of manual data entry. PDAs also allow automatic branching to solicit data input on the basis of previous data entered and support for code or scripting, which can be used to create unique files names from the data entered. These advantages are illustrated in an electronic data collection methodology as implemented within a rockfall hazard rating system for the Tennessee Department of Transportation.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "SINGULAR FRACTIONAL CONTINUOUS-TIME AND DISCRETE-TIME LINEAR SYSTEMS." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0005.

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Abstract New classes of singular fractional continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems are introduced. Electrical circuits are example of singular fractional continuous-time systems. Using the Caputo definition of the fractional derivative, the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition and Laplace transformation the solution to the state equation of singular fractional linear systems is derived. It is shown that every electrical circuit is a singular fractional systems if it contains at least one mesh consisting of branches with only ideal supercondensators and voltage sources or at least one node with branches with supercoils. Using the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition the solution to the state equation of singular fractional discrete-time linear systems is derived. The considerations are illustrated by numerical examples.

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Lou, Bai Yang, Ling Yun Dong, and Xiao Li. "The Study on the Corrosion Resistance for Polyurethane Epoxy Resin Coating of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.661.

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Magnesium alloys are more and more researched and used as engineering materials in recent years. In the paper, the AZ91D casting magnesium alloy was as basic material by the proper chemical pre-treatment and then was coated with epoxy resin (EP) coatings modified with polyurethane (PU) for protection. The coatings’ adhesion strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance were studied by electronic universal tester, pencil scratch hardness tester, immersion test and electrochemical test. The effect of polyurethane addition on the properties of the coating was ales investigated. The results show that PU / EP ratio of 20% mass fraction can make the basic alloy good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance. The interpenetrating network formed between the epoxy resin modified with polyurethane is of more excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance than pure epoxy resin to protect the magnesium alloy matrix.

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Aoki, Koichi, Testuya Okamoto, Hiroko Kaneko, Ken Nozaki, and Akira Negishi. "Applicability of graphite reinforcement carbon used as the lead of a mechanical pencil to voltammetric electrodes." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 263, no. 2 (May 1989): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(89)85102-2.

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Bayón-Buján, Borja, Aarón Ángel Salas-Sánchez, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-González, María Elena López-Martín, and Francisco José Ares-Pena. "Using Antenna Arrays with Only One Active Element for Beam Reconfiguration and Sensitive Study in Dielectric Media." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 6019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186019.

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Antenna array pattern reconfiguration is usually achieved by changing the relative amplitudes and/or phases of the excitation distribution present in the array, at the cost of complex feeding networks. In this work, the mechanical displacement of a parasitic array perpendicular to another array with a single driven element is proposed. Additionally, the antenna is optimized addressing the variation of its response led by changes of the environmental dielectric constant of a surrounding gaseous medium. In such a way, a novel multipurpose antenna of utmost simplicity is obtained. From the computation of the self and mutual impedances, a control of the antenna radiation pattern by means of the induced currents in the parasitic elements is modelled. To illustrate the procedure, the technique will be applied to the variation of the side lobe level of a pencil beam and to obtain a flat-topped broadside beam from the same pencil beam, something with high interest for satellite applications. The proposed methodology represents an advance on the development of multipurpose antennas which resounds in simplicity not only in the reconfiguration of antenna beams, but in applications for the detection of particulate matter and/or measurements of the atmospheric dielectric constant.

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Dhoke, Shailesh K., Narayani Rajgopalan, and A. S. Khanna. "Effect of Nanoalumina on the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Composite Coatings." Journal of Nanoparticles 2013 (May 20, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/527432.

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A nanocomposite coating was formed by incorporating nanoalumina pigment in a waterborne polyurethane dispersion (WPUD) to different loading levels (0.1% and 1.0% by weight). Electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite coating was evaluated by applying these nanomodified coatings on mild steel substrate and exposing them to salt-spray, humidity, and accelerated UV weathering. The surface morphology of the composite coating was evaluated using various analytical techniques. SEM and AFM were used to investigate the dispersion of nanoalumina pigment and surface morphological changes of the nanomodified coating, before and after exposure to the test environment. Mechanical properties like scratch resistance were studied by using nanoscratch technique (Nanoindenter TI-900, Hysitron Inc, USA) and hardness using pencil hardness test method. The results showed an improvement in the corrosion, UV weathering, and mechanical properties of the coatings at lower concentration (0.1% by wt), indicating the positive effect of addition of nanoalumina pigment to the coating.

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Yuvarani, P., S. Vijayachitra, V. Ranganayaki, S. Sathish Kumar, K. Srujan Raju, M. Sivachitra, and Ishwarya Komalnu Raghavan. "Industrial Waste Water Recycling Using Nanographene Oxide Filters." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 19, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4528949.

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Nanomaterials play a vital role in healthcare, electronics, manufacturing industries, biotechnology, and security systems. One such material is graphene and its oxides are specifically used for recycling industrial waste water. Graphene, a single layer in honeycomb cross section, provides excellent attention because of its significant optical, mechanical, and physical properties. GO was utilized to decrease the acidic or essential centralization of the mechanical wastewater into reusable water for the modern reason utilizing graphene channels. In this paper, sample solution (waste water) is taken from paper industry. Graphene channels can be created from the pencil graphite. Graphene has the high goals of separating capacity, and graphene is considered as “a definitive RO film” in light of its stronger, thinner, and more chemically safe nature than the polymer layers. Graphene oxide layers are likewise to be used in the desalination plant in place of the RO membrane.

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Bahrami, Elham, Rasool Amini, and Shirin Vardak. "Electrochemical detection of dopamine via pencil graphite electrodes modified by Cu/CuxO nanoparticles." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 855 (February 2021): 157292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157292.

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Chang, Shiun Wei, Chun Ming Chen, and Ju Liang He. "Power Modulated Plasma-Polymerized Anti-Fingerprint Transparent Protective Coating with a Gradient Composition." Advanced Materials Research 509 (April 2012): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.509.132.

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In this study, the multi-functional gradient pp-F:TMDSO coating had been successfully developed via power-modulated plasma polymerization. The plasma power and gas flow rate of tetramethyldisiloxane and tetrafluoromethane were well controlled to implement a gradient coating to achieve the mechanical property, transmittance, hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. The coating shows that the pencil hardness of 3H and Scotch tape adhesion of 5B demonstrating the protective function of the coating. The water and oil contact angle are 105° and 31.7° respectively. The coated specimen remains an optical transparency of 90% close to bare PC material. Comparing with the commercialized screen protectors, this coating shows superior protective and anti-fingerprint performance.

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Noè, Camilla, Chiara Tonda-Turo, Irene Carmagnola, Minna Hakkarainen, and Marco Sangermano. "UV-Cured Biodegradable Methacrylated Starch-Based Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020127.

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Promising UV-curable starch-based coatings were fabricated by utilizing methacrylated starch. The aqueous methacrylated starch solution was cast on a glass substrate, and UV-cured after drying. The efficiency of UV-curing process was monitored with gel percentage measurements. The thermal and mechanical properties of the fabricated UV-cured coatings were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and tensile test and compared with the starch-based uncured casted coatings. A complete characterization of the surface properties was performed by means of pencil hardness, adhesion, solvent resistance, and surface tension measurements. The cross-linking by UV-curing significantly enhanced the mechanical and surface properties of the coating. The effect of UV-curing on the biodegradability of the coating was evaluated by following the enzymatic degradation by α-amylase by determining the amount of glucose and maltose released from the coatings. UV-cured methacrylated starch based coating with promising material and surface properties and retained biodegradation potential was demonstrated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical pencils'

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