Journal articles: 'Mechanical properties of nanomaterials'

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Wilson, Runcy, George Gejo, P. G. Prajith, Mathew Simon Sanu, Anoop Chandran, and Nellipparambil Vishwambharan Unnikrishnan. "Thermo Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Composites." Diffusion Foundations 23 (August 2019): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.90.

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The possibility of creating polymeric nanocomposites with desired properties can be achieved by mixing it with an appropriate nanomaterial. The carbon-based nanomaterials have an excellent combination of both physical and chemical properties which create a significant interest among the researchers to prepare an industrially useful material employing carbon based nanomaterials as the filler. The thermo-mechanical properties of materials are studied to characterize their internal state and structure. In this chapter, the thermomechanical properties of polymer-CNT nanocomposites and the various factors affecting the thermomechanical properties are discussed.

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Lu, Chao, Hang Xiao, and Xi Chen. "MOFs/PVA hybrid membranes with enhanced mechanical and ion-conductive properties." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0010.

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Abstract Nanomaterials have been treated as effective dopants for enhancing mechanical and ion-conductive properties of polymer membranes. Among various nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks are attracting enormous attention from researchers because of their intriguing structural and functional properties. Here we report a gentle and simple synthesis method of ZIF-8 nanomaterials, which are applied as dopants for polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes. This nanomaterials display uniform size distribution and high purity through various structural investigations. The as-prepared polymer composite membranes present enhanced mechanical and ion-conductive properties compared to pristine samples. This work provides a novel ideal on the design of nanomaterial dopants for high-performance polymer membranes.

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Zhang, Peng, Lei Wang, Hua Wei, and Juan Wang. "A Critical Review on Effect of Nanomaterials on Workability and Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8827124.

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The application of nanomaterials in high-performance concrete (HPC) has been extensively studied worldwide due to their large surface areas, small particle sizes, filling effects, and macroquantum tunneling effects. The addition of nanomaterials in HPC has great contribution to enhancing the pore size of the cementitious matrix, improving the hydration of cement, and making the matrix much denser. In order to present an exhaustive insight into the feasibility of HPC reinforced with nanomaterials, the new development of HPC was summarized and the influence of different nanomaterials on the properties of HPC was reviewed based on more than 100 recent studies in this literature review. Workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength properties of HPC with nanomaterials were discussed in detail. In addition, nanomaterial-modified HPC was compared with the traditional concrete and obtained a lot of valuable results. The results in the present review indicate that the addition of various nanomaterials improves the mechanical properties of HPC, while reducing the workability of HPC. However, there is an optimal dosage of nanomaterial for improving the mechanical properties of HPC. Improving the properties of HPC by adding nanomaterials is expected to become a mainstream technique in the future. This literature review can provide comprehensive and systematic knowledge to researchers and engineers working on HPC and promote the application of this new HPC in modern civil engineering.

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Qu, Juntian, and Xinyu Liu. "Recent Advances on SEM-Based In Situ Multiphysical Characterization of Nanomaterials." Scanning 2021 (June 9, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4426254.

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Functional nanomaterials possess exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties which have significantly benefited their diverse applications to a variety of scientific and engineering problems. In order to fully understand their characteristics and further guide their synthesis and device application, the multiphysical properties of these nanomaterials need to be characterized accurately and efficiently. Among various experimental tools for nanomaterial characterization, scanning electron microscopy- (SEM-) based platforms provide merits of high imaging resolution, accuracy and stability, well-controlled testing conditions, and the compatibility with other high-resolution material characterization techniques (e.g., atomic force microscopy), thus, various SEM-enabled techniques have been well developed for characterizing the multiphysical properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize existing SEM-based platforms for nanomaterial multiphysical (mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical) in situ characterization, outline critical experimental challenges for nanomaterial optical characterization in SEM, and discuss potential demands of the SEM-based platforms to characterizing multiphysical properties of the nanomaterials.

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Hayashi, Takuya, Yoong Ahm Kim, Toshiaki Natsuki, and Morinobu Endo. "Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanomaterials." ChemPhysChem 8, no. 7 (May 14, 2007): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200700077.

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Wu, Qiong, Wei-shou Miao, Yi-du Zhang, Han-jun Gao, and David Hui. "Mechanical properties of nanomaterials: A review." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0021.

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AbstractAs an emerging material, nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their small size, surface effect and quantum tunneling effect, as well as potential applications in traditional materials, medical devices, electronic devices, coatings and other industries. Herein, the influence of nanoparticle selection, production process, grain size, and grain boundary structures on the mechanical properties of nanomaterials is introduced. The current research progress and application range of nano-materials are presented. The unique properties of nano-materials make them superior over traditional materials. Therefore, nanomaterials will have a broader application prospect in the future. Research on nanomaterials is significant for the development and application of materials science.

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Liu, Mei, Weilin Su, Xiangzheng Qin, Kai Cheng, Wei Ding, Li Ma, Ze Cui, et al. "Mechanical/Electrical Characterization of ZnO Nanomaterial Based on AFM/Nanomanipulator Embedded in SEM." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030248.

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ZnO nanomaterials have been widely used in micro/nano devices and structure due to special mechanical/electrical properties, and its characterization is still deficient and challenging. In this paper, ZnO nanomaterials, including nanorod and nanowire are characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) and nanomanipulator embedded in scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively, which can manipulate and observe simultaneously, and is efficient and cost effective. Surface morphology and mechanical properties were observed by AFM. Results showed that the average Young’s modulus of ZnO nanorods is 1.40 MPa and the average spring rate is 0.08 N/m. Electrical properties were characterized with nanomanipulator, which showed that the ZnO nanomaterial have cut-off characteristics and good schottky contact with the tungsten probes. A two-probe strategy was proposed for piezoelectric property measurement, which is easy to operate and adaptable to multiple nanomaterials. Experiments showed maximum voltage of a single ZnO nanowire is around 0.74 mV. Experiment criteria for ZnO manipulation and characterization were also studied, such as acceleration voltage, operation duration, sample preparation. Our work provides useful references for nanomaterial characterization and also theoretical basis for nanomaterials application.

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Baimova, Yu A., R. T. Murzaev, and S. V. Dmitriev. "Mechanical properties of bulk carbon nanomaterials." Physics of the Solid State 56, no. 10 (October 2014): 2010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783414100035.

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Karaxi, Evangelia K., Irene A. Kanellopoulou, Anna Karatza, Ioannis A. Kartsonakis, and Costas A. Charitidis. "Fabrication of carbon nanotube-reinforced mortar specimens: evaluation of mechanical and pressure-sensitive properties." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818801019.

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Carbon-based nanomaterials are promising reinforcing elements for the development of “smart” self-sensing cementitious composites due to their exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. Significant research efforts have been committed on the synthesis of cement-based composite materials reinforced with carbonaceous nanostructures, covering every aspect of the production process (type of nanomaterial, mixing process, electrode type, measurement methods etc.). In this study, the aim is to develop a well-defined repeatable procedure for the fabrication as well as the evaluation of pressure-sensitive properties of intrinsically self-sensing cementitious composites incorporating carbon- based nanomaterials. Highly functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with increased dispersibility in polar media were used in the development of advanced reinforced mortar specimens which increased their mechanical properties and provided repeatable pressure-sensitive properties.

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Parveen, Shama, Sohel Rana, and Raul Fangueiro. "A Review on Nanomaterial Dispersion, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/710175.

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Excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers (CNFs) have motivated the development of advanced nanocomposites with outstanding and multifunctional properties. After achieving a considerable success in utilizing these unique materials in various polymeric matrices, recently tremendous interest is also being noticed on developing CNT and CNF reinforced cement-based composites. However, the problems related to nanomaterial dispersion also exist in case of cementitious composites, impairing successful transfer of nanomaterials' properties into the composites. Performance of cementitious composites also depends on their microstructure which is again strongly influenced by the presence of nanomaterials. In this context, the present paper reports a critical review of recent literature on the various strategies for dispersing CNTs and CNFs within cementitious matrices and the microstructure and mechanical properties of resulting nanocomposites.

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Dakhel, Nesreen, Ameer A. Kadhim, Rasha Hayder Al-Khayat, and Muhannad Al-Waily. "Effect of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ Hybrid Nano Materials on Fatigue Behavior for Laminated Composite Materials Used to Manufacture Artificial Socket Prostheses." Materials Science Forum 1039 (July 20, 2021): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1039.493.

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Most artificial socket prostheses are applied to fatigue load; therefore, more failure of socket prostheses occur due to fatigue loading. Then, it was necessary to improve the fatigue characterizations of composite materials used to manufacture the artificial socket prostheses by using hybrid nanomaterials, with different types and amounts. So, this work suggested mixing two nanomaterials types to improve the mechanical and fatigue properties of composite materials. Therefore, the experimental work used to manufacture tensile and fatigue samples of composite with different nanoweight fraction effects, in addition to calculating the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior for its composite. There, strength and modulus of elasticity, in addition to, fatigue strength and life evaluating of composite with different nanomaterials mixing. Also, the numerical technique by using the finite element method is used to calculate fatigue life and strength of composite materials. Also, comparison fatigue results were calculated by experimental work with fatigue results evaluated by numerical technique to give the discrepancy for results evaluation. Hence, the comparison of results showed good agreement for the technique used to evaluate the fatigue behavior of composite materials with the nanoeffect, where, the maximum error did not exceed (11.86%). Finally, the results have shown that the reinforcement by mixing two Nanomaterial types lead to improvement in the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior to more than (35%) and increasing the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior to (10%) more than the increase of properties and fatigue characterizations reinforcement by one Nanomaterial type.

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Watanabe, R., R. Matsuzaki, J. Koyanagi, H. Endo, S. Y. Moon, and W. S. Kim. "OS12-13 Fabrication of Graphene/CNT Hybrid Nanomaterials Joined Chemically(Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials-4,OS12 Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials,MICRO AND NANO MECHANICS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.195.

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Crucho, João, Luís Picado-Santos, José Neves, and Silvino Capitão. "A Review of Nanomaterials’ Effect on Mechanical Performance and Aging of Asphalt Mixtures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 3657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183657.

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This review addresses the effects of the modifications with nanomaterials, particularly nanosilica, nanoclays, and nanoiron, on the mechanical performance and aging resistance of asphalt mixtures. The desire for high-performance and long-lasting asphalt pavements significantly pushed the modification of the conventional paving asphalt binders. To cope with such demand, the use of nanomaterials for the asphalt binder modification seems promising, as with a small amount of modification an important enhancement of the asphalt mixture mechanical performance can be attained. Several studies already evaluated the effects of the modifications with nanomaterials, mostly focusing on the asphalt binder properties and rheology, and the positive findings encouraged the study of modified asphalt mixtures. This review focuses on the effects attained in the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixtures, under fresh and aged conditions. Generally, the effects of each nanomaterial were evaluated with the current state-of-art tests for the characterization of mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures, such as, permanent deformation, stiffness modulus, fatigue resistance, indirect tensile strength, and Marshall stability. Aging indicators, as the aging sensitivity, were used to evaluate the effects in the asphalt mixture’s aging resistance. Finally, to present a better insight into the economic feasibility of the analyzed nanomaterials, a simple cost analysis is performed.

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Su, Paul, Babak Haghpanah, William W. Doerr, Zahra Karimi, Syed Hassan, Louis Gritzo, Ahmed A. Busnaina, and Ashkan Vaziri. "Decontamination of Surfaces Exposed to Carbon-Based Nanotubes and Nanomaterials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/249603.

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Contamination of surfaces by nanomaterials can happen due to accidental spillage and release or gradual accumulation during processing or handling. Considering the increasingly wide use of nanomaterials in industry and research labs and also taking into account the diversity of physical and chemical properties of different nanomaterials (such as solubility, aggregation/agglomeration, and surface reactivity), there is a pressing need to define reliable nanomaterial-specific decontamination guidelines. In this paper, we propose and investigate a potential method for surface decontamination of carbon-based nanomaterials using solvent cleaning and wipes. The results show that the removal efficiency for single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes from silicon wafers sprayed with water-surfactant solutions prior to mechanical wiping is greater than 90% and 95%, respectively. The need for further studies to understand the mechanisms of nanomaterial removal from surfaces and development of standard techniques for surface decontamination of nanomaterials is highlighted.

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Zhang, Xianghua, Jiangtao Wang, Hongxiang Xu, Heng Tan, and Xia Ye. "Preparation and Tribological Properties of WS2 Hexagonal Nanoplates and Nanoflowers." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060840.

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This paper presents the facile synthesis of two different morphologies of WS2 nanomaterials—WS2 hexagonal nanoplates and nanoflowers—by a sulfurization reaction. The phases and morphology of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological performance of the two kinds of WS2 nanomaterials as additives in paraffin oil were measured using a UMT (Universal Mechanical Tester)-2 tribotester. The results demonstrated that the friction and wear performance of paraffin oil can be greatly improved with the addition of WS2 nanomaterials, and that the morphology and content of WS2 nanomaterials have a significant effect on the tribological properties of paraffin oil. The tribological performance of lubricating oil was best when the concentration of the WS2 nanomaterial additive was 0.5 wt %. Moreover, the paraffin oil with added WS2 nanoflowers exhibited better tribological properties than paraffin oil with added WS2 hexagonal nanoplates. The superior tribological properties of WS2 nanoflowers can be attributed to their special morphology, which contributes to the formation of a uniform tribo-film during the sliding process.

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Fu, Yu, Shengjie Cui, Dan Luo, and Yan Liu. "Novel Inorganic Nanomaterial-Based Therapy for Bone Tissue Regeneration." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030789.

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Extensive bone defect repair remains a clinical challenge, since ideal implantable scaffolds require the integration of excellent biocompatibility, sufficient mechanical strength and high biological activity to support bone regeneration. The inorganic nanomaterial-based therapy is of great significance due to their excellent mechanical properties, adjustable biological interface and diversified functions. Calcium–phosphorus compounds, silica and metal-based materials are the most common categories of inorganic nanomaterials for bone defect repairing. Nano hydroxyapatites, similar to natural bone apatite minerals in terms of physiochemical and biological activities, are the most widely studied in the field of biomineralization. Nano silica could realize the bone-like hierarchical structure through biosilica mineralization process, and biomimetic silicifications could stimulate osteoblast activity for bone formation and also inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Novel metallic nanomaterials, including Ti, Mg, Zn and alloys, possess remarkable strength and stress absorption capacity, which could overcome the drawbacks of low mechanical properties of polymer-based materials and the brittleness of bioceramics. Moreover, the biodegradability, antibacterial activity and stem cell inducibility of metal nanomaterials can promote bone regeneration. In this review, the advantages of the novel inorganic nanomaterial-based therapy are summarized, laying the foundation for the development of novel bone regeneration strategies in future.

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Lu, Chun Sheng. "Statistics for Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1578.

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In the paper, the up-to-date advances in the statistical analysis of nano-mechanical measurements are briefly reviewed. It is shown that, by means of statistical methods such as a minimum information criterion, a better statistical model can be selected for quantifying the intrinsic mechanical properties of nanomaterials or extracting the optimal information from those imperfect experimental data obtained with recently available nano-mechanical testing techniques.

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LI, Ming, HuaYan LIU, Xiang XU, and Gang BAO. "Inverse problems in quantifying mechanical properties in nanomaterials." SCIENTIA SINICA Mathematica 45, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n012014-00275.

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Babicheva, R. I., S. V. Dmitriev, E. A. Korznikova, and K. Zhou. "Mechanical Properties of Two-Dimensional sp2-Carbon Nanomaterials." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 129, no. 1 (July 2019): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063776119070021.

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Peskersoy, Cem, and Osman Culha. "Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Dental Nanomaterials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6171578.

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This study examines the properties of nanobased dental restorative materials with nanoindentation method in a precise, repeatable, and comparable way. Microhybrid and nanohybrid composites, conventional glass ionomer materials, and light cured nanoionomer materials were utilised for the study. Specimen discs (r=10 mm,h=2 mm) were prepared to test the hardness, modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and fracture toughness values for each sample in a nanoindentation device with an atomic force microscopy add-on (n=25). Comparative analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. The hardness and modulus of elasticity values of nanocomposite were higher (2.58 GPa and 32.86 GPa, resp.) than those of other dental materials. Although glass ionomer exhibited a hardness that was similar to a nanoionomer (0.81 versus 0.87 GPa), glass ionomer had the lowest fracture toughness value (Kc=0.83 MPa/mm0.5). The mechanical properties of resin composites improve with additional nanoscale fillers, unlike the glass ionomer material.

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Babeshko, V. A., O. V. Evdokimova, and O. M. Babeshko. "Quantum-mechanical properties of block elements in nanomaterials." Doklady Physics 55, no. 11 (November 2010): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335810110091.

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Heo, SeongJun, and Susan B. Sinnott. "Computational investigation of the mechanical properties of nanomaterials." Diamond and Related Materials 18, no. 2-3 (February 2009): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.10.041.

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Joyce, Marshall Hunter, Shane Allen, Laura Suggs, and Amy Brock. "Novel Nanomaterials Enable Biomimetic Models of the Tumor Microenvironment." Journal of Nanotechnology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5204163.

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In the complex tumor microenvironment, chemical and mechanical signals from tumor cells, stromal cells, and the surrounding extracellular matrix influence all aspects of disease progression and response to treatment. Modeling the physical properties of the tumor microenvironment has been a significant effort in the biomaterials field. One challenge has been the difficulty in altering the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix without simultaneously impacting other factors that influence cell behavior. The development of novel materials based on nanotechnology has enabled recent innovations in tumor cell culture models. Here, we review the various approaches by which the tumor cell microenvironment has been engineered using natural and synthetic gels. We describe new studies that rely on the unique temporal and spatial control afforded by nanomaterials to produce culture platforms that mimic dynamic changes in tumor matrix mechanics. In addition, we look at the frontier of nanomaterial-hydrogel composites to review new approaches for perturbation of mechanochemical control in the tumor microenvironment.

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Constant-Mandiola, Benjamin, Héctor Aguilar-Bolados, Julian Geshev, and Raul Quíjada. "Study of the Influence of Magnetite Nanoparticles Supported on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide as Filler on the Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Polypropylene and Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101635.

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A study addressed to develop new recyclable and/or biodegradable magnetic polymeric materials is reported. The selected matrices were polypropylene (PP) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA). As known, PP corresponds to a non-polar homo-chain polymer and a commodity, while PLA is a biodegradable polar hetero-chain polymer. To obtain the magnetic nanocomposites, magnetite supported on thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO:Fe3O4 nanomaterial) to these polymer matrices was added. The TrGO:Fe3O4 nanomaterials were obtained by a co-precipitation method using two types of TrGO obtained by the reduction at 600 °C and 1000 °C of graphite oxide. Two ratios of 2.5:1 and 9.6:1 of the magnetite precursor (FeCl3) and TrGO were used to produce these nanomaterials. Consequently, four types of nanomaterials were obtained and characterized. Nanocomposites were obtained using these nanomaterials as filler by melt mixer method in polypropylene (PP) or polylactic acid (PLA) matrix, the filler contents were 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. Results showed that TrGO600-based nanomaterials presented higher coercivity (Hc = 8.5 Oe) at 9.6:1 ratio than TrGO1000-based nanomaterials (Hc = 4.2 Oe). PLA and PP nanocomposites containing 7 wt.% of filler presented coercivity of 3.7 and 5.3 Oe, respectively. Theoretical models were used to analyze some relevant experimental results of the nanocomposites such as mechanical and magnetic properties.

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Yu, Ming. "Anisotropic And Nonlinear Mechanical Properties In Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials." Advanced Materials Letters 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2019.0051.

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Vehoff, H., B. Yang, A. Barnoush, Harald Natter, and Rolf Hempelmann. "Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials Examined with a NI-AFM." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 222, no. 2-3 (February 2008): 499–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.2008.222.2-3.499.

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Xu, Zhong, Zhenpu Huang, Changjiang Liu, Hui Deng, Xiaowei Deng, David Hui, Xiaoli Zhang, and Zhijie Bai. "Research progress on key problems of nanomaterials-modified geopolymer concrete." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0056.

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Abstract The raw materials of geopolymer come from industrial wastes, which have the advantages of lower carbon emissions and less energy consumption compared with traditional cement products. However, it still has the disadvantages of low strength, easy cracking, and low production efficiency, which limit its engineering application and development. At present, with the application and development of nanotechnology in the field of materials, it is found that nanomaterials have a good filling effect on composites, which greatly improves the integrity of the composites. It has become a very popular research direction to optimize and improve the engineering application performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) by nanomaterials. The modification of nanomaterials can further improve the properties of GPC and expand its application fields in engineering and life. Based on people’s strong interest in nanomaterial-modified GPC and providing the latest and complete research status for further related work, this paper summarized the key technical problems in the field of nanomaterials-modified GPC in the past decade. Those include the modification mechanism, dispersion mode, and mechanical properties of nanomaterials. At the same time, the application bottlenecks and key problems of nanomaterials-modified GPC are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of future work in this field are discussed.

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Sheng, Zhao Liang, Yan Fu Duan, Duo Tian Xia, and Olivier Thierry. "Effect of Nanomaterials on Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 852 (July 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.852.59.

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In order to explore the application of nanomaterials in fiber concrete, in this research, the effect of nanomaterials SiO2 on the basalt fiber concrete was studied with experimental analysis methods. The variation values of mechanical properties were calculated respectively. On this basis, the influences of silicon dioxide nanometer and basalt fibers on the mechanical properties of nanosilica silicon dioxide nanometer basalt fiber concrete were studied. Different contents of silicon dioxide nanometer were added to concrete, different contents of basalt fibers were added to concrete, and both were added to concrete. The results showed that adding silicon dioxide nanometer could modify building concrete and significantly improve the mechanical properties of concrete. the increase of silicon dioxide nanometer content of nanomaterials, the strength of concrete showed a trend of first rising and then falling. When silicon dioxide nanometer content was 1.2%, the mechanical strength was the largest. As the contents of basalt fiber increase, concrete strength showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When basalt fiber content was 3kg/m3, it was the optimal content and the concrete strength was the largest. And the mechanical properties of the concrete mixed with silicon dioxide nanometer and basalt fibers were significantly improved.

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Cwirzen, Andrzej. "Controlling Physical Properties of Cementitious Matrixes by Nanomaterials." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.639.

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The majority of concrete used nowadays is based on matrixes formed by hydrating Portland cement. Latest developments in nanosciences introduced a new generation of nano-sized materials possessing often remarkable mechanical and physical properties. These materials can be also used to improve or alter the characteristics of the binder matrixes based on Portland cement. The results showed that mechanical properties such as compressive and flexural strength can be increased by up to 50% by addition of for example 0.23wt% of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibres and/or nanosilica appeared to improve also the frost resistance. Other properties, such as autogenous shrinkage decreased significantly after addition of carbon nanofibres. Nanosilica enabled an immense densification of the hydrated binder matrix, which in turn improved for instance the durability and mechanical properties.

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Alsaiari, Norah Salem, Khadijah Mohammedsaleh M. Katubi, Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani, Saifeldin M. Siddeeg, and Mohamed A. Tahoon. "The Application of Nanomaterials for the Electrochemical Detection of Antibiotics: A Review." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030308.

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Antibiotics can accumulate through food metabolism in the human body which may have a significant effect on human safety and health. It is therefore highly beneficial to establish easy and sensitive approaches for rapid assessment of antibiotic amounts. In the development of next-generation biosensors, nanomaterials (NMs) with outstanding thermal, mechanical, optical, and electrical properties have been identified as one of the most hopeful materials for opening new gates. This study discusses the latest developments in the identification of antibiotics by nanomaterial-constructed biosensors. The construction of biosensors for electrochemical signal-transducing mechanisms has been utilized in various types of nanomaterials, including quantum dots (QDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), metal nanomaterials, and carbon nanomaterials. To provide an outline for future study directions, the existing problems and future opportunities in this area are also included. The current review, therefore, summarizes an in-depth assessment of the nanostructured electrochemical sensing method for residues of antibiotics in different systems.

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Du, Mingrui, Hongwen Jing, Yuan Gao, Haijian Su, and Hongyuan Fang. "Carbon nanomaterials enhanced cement-based composites: advances and challenges." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0011.

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AbstractCarbon nanomaterials, predominantly carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene nanoplates, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, possess superior chemical, physical and mechanical properties. They have been successfully introduced into ordinary Portland cement to give enhancements in terms of mechanical properties, durability and electrical/thermal conductivity, and to modify the functional properties, converting conventional cement-based materials into stronger, smarter and more durable composites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the properties of carbon nanomaterials, current developments and novel techniques in carbon nanomaterials enhanced cement-based composites (CN-CBCs). Further study of the applications of CN-CBCs at industrial scale is also discussed.

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Fahmy, Naglaa Glal-Eldin, Rasha El-Mashery, Rabiee Ali Sadeek, and L. M. Abd El-Hafaz. "Influence of Nano Particles in the Flexural Behavior of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advanced Materials Research 1160 (January 2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1160.25.

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High strength concrete (HSC) characterized by high compressive strength but lower ductility compared to normal strength concrete. This low ductility limits the benefit of using HSC in building safe structures. Nanomaterials have gained increased attention because of their improvement of mechanical properties of concrete. In this paper we present an experimental study of the flexural behavior of reinforced beams composed of high-strength concrete and nanomaterials. Eight simply supported rectangular beams were fabricated with identical geometries and reinforcements, and then tested under two third-point loads. The study investigated the concrete compressive strength (50 and 75 N/mm2) as a function of the type of nanomaterial (nanosilica, nanotitanium and nanosilica/nanotitanium hybrid) and the nanomaterial concentration (0%, 0.5% and 1.0%). The experimental results showed that nano particles can be very effective in improving compressive and tensile strength of HSC, nanotitanium is more effective than nanosilica in compressive strength. Also, binary usage of hybrid mixture (nanosilica + nanotitanium) had a remarkable improvement appearing in compressive and tensile strength than using the same percentage of single type of nanomaterials used separately. The reduction in flexural ductility due to the use of higher strength concrete can be compensated by adding nanomaterials. The percentage of concentration, concrete grade and the type of nanomaterials, could predominantly affect the flexural behavior of HSRC beams.

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SIRGHIE, Alexandru, Mihai OPROESCU, Gabriel Vasile IANA, and Adriana Gabriela PLAIASU. "Nanostructured materials for CBRNdetection." University of Pitesti. Scientific Bulletin - Automotive Series 30, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26825/bup.ar.2020.009.

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Nanomaterials are gaining significance in technological applications due to their chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and enhanced performance when compared with their bulkier counterparts. The synthesis of nanostructured materials has led to a significant increase in properties (thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical) as well as the discovery of materials with new properties due the fact that at the nanoscale the materials have a high surface area Most applications of nanomaterials in sensors are related to their synthesis. In this paper we report recent trends in applications of various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires andgraphene to detect CBRN agents.

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Kelly, Sean P., Kun-Ping Huang, Chen-Pan Liao, Riza Ariyani Nur Khasanah, Forest Shih-Sen Chien, Jwu-Sheng Hu, Chung-Lin Wu, and I.-Min Tso. "Mechanical and structural properties of major ampullate silk from spiders fed carbon nanomaterials." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): e0241829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241829.

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The dragline silk of spiders is of particular interest to science due to its unique properties that make it an exceptional biomaterial that has both high tensile strength and elasticity. To improve these natural fibers, researchers have begun to try infusing metals and carbon nanomaterials to improve mechanical properties of spider silk. The objective of this study was to incorporate carbon nanomaterials into the silk of an orb-weaving spider, Nephila pilipes, by feeding them solutions containing graphene and carbon nanotubes. Spiders were collected from the field and in the lab were fed solutions by pipette containing either graphene sheets or nanotubes. Major ampullate silk was collected and a tensile tester was used to determine mechanical properties for pre- and post-treatment samples. Raman spectroscopy was then used to test for the presence of nanomaterials in silk samples. There was no apparent incorporation of carbon nanomaterials in the silk fibers that could be detected with Raman spectroscopy and there were no significant improvements in mechanical properties. This study represents an example for the importance of attempting to replicate previously published research. Researchers should be encouraged to continue to do these types of investigations in order to build a strong consensus and solid foundation for how to go forward with these new methods for creating novel biomaterials.

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Zhang, Tianxu, Yang Gao, Weitong Cui, Yanjing Li, Dexuan Xiao, and Ronghui Zhou. "Nanomaterials-based Cell Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration." Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 16, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x15666200521083834.

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With the rapid development of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been applied to bone repair and regeneration. Due to the unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties, nanomaterials could promote stem cells osteogenic differentiation, which has great potentials in bone tissue engineering and exploiting nanomaterials-based bone regeneration strategies. In this review, we summarized current nanomaterials with osteo-induction ability, which could be potentially applied to bone tissue engineering. Meanwhile, the unique properties of these nanomaterials and their effects on stem cell osteogenic differentiation are also discussed. Furthermore, possible signaling pathways involved in the nanomaterials- induced cell osteogenic differentiation are also highlighted in this review.

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Vijayaraghavan, V., A. Garg, C. H. Wong, and K. Tai. "Estimation of mechanical properties of nanomaterials using artificial intelligence methods." Applied Physics A 116, no. 3 (December 10, 2013): 1099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-8192-3.

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Gu, X. Wendy. "Mechanical Properties of Architected Nanomaterials Made from Organic–Inorganic Nanocrystals." JOM 70, no. 10 (August 21, 2018): 2205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3094-7.

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Li, Jiabing, Rui Zhong, Xingwang Shen, Ziyun Gao, Junwei Zhang, Hansen Miao, and Ziqian Zhang. "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Method for Mechanical Properties of Metallic Nanomaterials." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 632 (January 14, 2021): 052094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/632/5/052094.

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Gao, Ming, Abhichart Krissanaprasit, Austin Miles, Lilian C. Hsiao, and Thomas H. LaBean. "Mechanical and Electrical Properties of DNA Hydrogel-Based Composites Containing Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Nanocircuits." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052245.

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Molecular self-assembly of DNA has been developed as an effective construction strategy for building complex materials. Among them, DNA hydrogels are known for their simple fabrication process and their tunable properties. In this study, we have engineered, built, and characterized a variety of pure DNA hydrogels using DNA tile-based crosslinkers and different sizes of linear DNA spacers, as well as DNA hydrogel/nanomaterial composites using DNA/nanomaterial conjugates with carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles as crosslinkers. We demonstrate the ability of this system to self-assemble into three-dimensional percolating networks when carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles are incorporated into the DNA hydrogel. These hydrogel composites showed interesting non-linear electrical properties. We also demonstrate the tuning of rheological properties of hydrogel-based composites using different types of crosslinkers and spacers. The viscoelasticity of DNA hydrogels is shown to dramatically increase by the use of a combination of interlocking DNA tiles and DNA/carbon nanotube crosslinkers. Finally, we present measurements and discuss electrically conductive nanomaterials for applications in nanoelectronics.

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Tripathi, S. K., Jagdish Kaur, R. Ridhi, Kriti Sharma, and Ramneek Kaur. "Radiation Induced Effects on Properties of Semiconducting Nanomaterials." Solid State Phenomena 239 (August 2015): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.239.1.

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The irradiation of nanomaterials with energetic particles has significant effects on the properties of target materials. In addition to the well-known detrimental effects of irradiations, they have also some beneficial effects on the properties of nanomaterials. Irradiation effect can change the morphology of the materials in a controlled manner and tailor their mechanical, structural, optical and electrical properties. Irradiation induced modifications in the properties of nanomaterials can be exploited for many useful applications. With the aim of getting better performance of electronic devices, it is necessary to discuss the irradiation induced changes in the nanomaterials. In order to improve the irradiation hardness of electronic components, it is also crucial to have a fundamental understanding of the impact of the irradiation on the defect states and transport properties of the host material. In the present article, we review some recent advances on the irradiation induced effects on the properties of semiconducting nanomaterials. We have reviewed the effect of different types of irradiations which includes γ-irradiation, electron beam irradiation, laser irradiation, swift heavy ion irradiations, thermal induced, and optical induced irradiations, etc. on the various properties of semiconducting nanomaterials. In addition, the irradiation induced defects are also discussed.

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Ion, Rodica Mariana, Radu Claudiu Fierăscu, Irina Fierăscu, Ioana Raluca Bunghez, Mihaela Lucia Ion, Daniela Caruţiu-Turcanu, Sofia Teodorescu, and Valentin Rădiţoiu. "Stone Monuments Consolidation with Nanomaterials." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.383.

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Historical monuments suffer different forms of degradation, due to some improper works on architecture structure, vibrations caused by blasting, traffic, the inadequate restoration, the phenomenon of freeze-thaw, air pollution, humidity and temperature variations, friable mortar, deposits adhering impurities (dust, smoke, tar), soluble efflorescence, poorly soluble or insoluble salts (nitrate, sulfate, chloride, carbonate), and the action of microorganisms. Nowadays, the nanomaterials represent an alternative in architecture conservation, mainly due to their improved mechanical properties, their compatibility as consolidating materials, and because they obey the principle of authenticity of historical monuments. In this paper, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) are applied to the chalk samples prelevated from Basarabi monument. Some physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been evaluated and discussed for untreated chalk stone and for the treated one with HAp.

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Nasibulin, Albert G., Tatyana Koltsova, Larisa I. Nasibulina, Ilya V. Anoshkin, Alexandr Semencha, Oleg V. Tolochko, and Esko I. Kauppinen. "A Novel Approach For Nanocarbon Composite Preparation." MRS Proceedings 1454 (2012): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1296.

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ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanofibers (CNFs) and graphene are promising components for the next generation high performance structural and multi-functional composite materials. One of the largest obstacles to create strong, electrically or thermally conductive CNT/CNF composites is the difficulty of getting a good dispersion of the carbon nanomaterials in a matrix. Typically, time-consuming steps of the carbon nanomaterial purification, ultrasound sonication and functionalization are required. We utilized a new approach to grow CNTs/CNFs directly on the surface of matrix, matrix precursor or filler particles. As the precursor matrix and fillers we utilized cement (clinker), copper powder, fly ash particles, soil and sand. Carbon nanomaterials were successfully grown on these materials without additional catalyst. Investigations of the physical properties of the composite materials based on these carbon modified particles revealed enhancement in the mechanical and electrical properties.

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Kausar, A. "Innovations in Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Derived Nanomaterials." Advances in Materials Science 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2020-0013.

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AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been considered as an important commercial synthetic thermoplastic polymer. PVA is a low cost, reasonably processable, optically transmitting, heat stable, and mechanically robust plastic. PVA-based nanomaterials usually comprise of the nanocomposites (PVA/graphene, PVA/carbon nanotube, PVA/nanodiamond, PVA/metal nanoparticle) and nanofibers. The structural, optical, mechanical, and electrical properties of the PVA-based nanomaterials have been enhanced with nanofiller addition or nanostructuring. This review offers fundamentals and advanced aspects of poly(vinyl alcohol) and the derived nanomaterials. It highlights recent advances in PVA nanocomposites and nanofibers for potential applications. The PVA-based nanomaterials have been successfully employed in fuel cells, sensors, batteries, membranes, electronics, and drug delivery relevances. The challenges and opportunities to strengthen the research fields of PVA-based nanomaterials have also been presented.

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Hrabová, Kristýna. "Application of Nanomaterials for Sustainable Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 838 (April 2020): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.838.88.

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Green concrete is defined as a concrete which uses waste material as at least one of its components, or its production process does not lead to environmental destruction, or it has high performance and life cycle sustainability. Currently, cement and concrete production is at all-time high resulting in significant carbon dioxide emissions. Eight percent of the world's total CO2 emissions come from manufacturing cement. Nanomaterial concrete is new generation concrete formed of materials of the grain size of nanoscale. In the construction industry, nanomaterials has potentials, especially the functional characteristics such as increased tensile strength. The paper shows the dose dependence carbon nanotubes for the physico-mechanical properties of cement mixes.

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Kötteritzsch, Julia, Ulrich S. Schubert, and Martin D. Hager. "Triggered and self-healing systems using nanostructured materials." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 699–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2013-0016.

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AbstractSelf-healing materials feature the outstanding ability of healing damage inflicted on them. This process leads to the (partial) restoration of the original properties of these materials, in particular of the mechanical properties. Several healing mechanisms involve processes on the nanoscopic level. These lead to the healing of the damage (e.g., crack or scratch) and, as a consequence, the macroscopic mechanical properties are reestablished. Moreover, self-healing of nanomaterials can also be achieved, which is of particular interest, because nanomaterials are particularly prone to damage due to their high surface volume ratio. This review summarizes the involvement of nanoscopic processes in the healing of macroscopic materials, and the healing of nanomaterials is discussed.

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Mohd Hussin, Fathin Najihah Nor, Roswanira Abdul Wahab, and Nursyafreena Attan. "Nanocellulose and nanoclay as reinforcement materials in polymer composites: A review." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n2.1430.

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The advancement of nanotechnology has opened a new opportunity to develop nanocomposites using nanocellulose (NC) and nanoclay (NCl). Researchers have regarded these nanocomposites as promising substitutes for conventional polymers because of their characteristic and useful features, which include exceptional strength and stiffness, low weight, and low environmental impact. These features of NC and NCl explain their multifarious applications across many sectors. Here we review NC and NCl as well as various reinforced polymer composites that are made up of either of the two nanomaterials. The structural and physicochemical properties of NC and NCl are highlighted, along with the mechanical behavior and thermal properties of NC. Current nanomaterial hybrid biopolymers for the production of novel high-performance polymer nanocomposites are also discussed with respect to their mechanical properties.

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Kumar, Parveen, Peipei Huo, Rongzhao Zhang, and Bo Liu. "Antibacterial Properties of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050737.

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Bacteria mediated infections may cause various acute or chronic illnesses and antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a serious health problem around the world due to their excessive use or misuse. Replacement of existing antibacterial agents with a novel and efficient alternative is the immediate demand to alleviate this problem. Graphene-based materials have been exquisitely studied because of their remarkable bactericidal activity on a wide range of bacteria. Graphene-based materials provide advantages of easy preparation, renewable, unique catalytic properties, and exceptional physical properties such as a large specific surface area and mechanical strength. However, several queries related to the mechanism of action, significance of size and composition toward bacterial activity, toxicity criteria, and other issues are needed to be addressed. This review summarizes the recent efforts that have been made so far toward the development of graphene-based antibacterial materials to face current challenges to combat against the bacterial targets. This review describes the inherent antibacterial activity of graphene-family and recent advances that have been made on graphene-based antibacterial materials covering the functionalization with silver nanoparticles, other metal ions/oxides nanoparticles, polymers, antibiotics, and enzymes along with their multicomponent functionalization. Furthermore, the review describes the biosafety of the graphene-based antibacterial materials. It is hoped that this review will provide valuable current insight and excite new ideas for the further development of safe and efficient graphene-based antibacterial materials.

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Meng, Tao, Kanjun Ying, Xiufen Yang, and Yongpeng Hong. "Comparative study on mechanisms for improving mechanical properties and microstructure of cement paste modified by different types of nanomaterials." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 370–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0027.

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Abstract Filling and nucleation are the mechanisms of modifying cement paste with nanomaterials, as investigated by previous studies, and are difficult to reflect the different effects of nanomaterials, especially on the changes of cement clinker and hydration products in the cement hydration process. In this study, the mechanisms of modifying cement paste with nano-calcium carbonate (NC), nano-graphene oxide (NG), nano-silica (NS), and nano-titanium dioxide (NT) were investigated by determining the mechanical properties of cement paste treated with nanomaterials and analysing the changes in the cement clinker (tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate), hydration products (portlandite and ettringite), and microstructure through many micro-test methods. The results indicate that the incorporation of nanomaterials could improve the early strength of cement paste specimens due to more consumption of cement clinker. Meanwhile, different nanomaterials promote the formation of different hydration products at early ages. C–A–S–H gel, flower-like ettringite, and C–S–H seeds are widely distributed in the cement paste with the incorporation of NC, NG, and NS, respectively. NT exhibits insignificant nucleation effect and has inhibitory effect on portlandite precipitation. This study provides key insights into the mechanism of nanomaterials from the perspective of cement hydration, which may promote the further research and application of nanomaterials in the cement and concrete industries.

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Zeng, Ling, Liuyi Xiao, Junhui Zhang, and Hongyuan Fu. "The Role of Nanotechnology in Subgrade and Pavement Engineering: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 4607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18491.

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Nanotechnology is an extension of sciences and technologies that deal with particles less than 100 nm. This paper reviews previous studies on how nanomaterials work and what their advantages are in subgrade and pavement engineering. In subgrade engineering, the nanomaterials particles can not only improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of subgrade soils by filling the voids between soil particles but also promote hydration reaction between cement and ion exchange between soil particles. In pavement engineering, the water stability, rutting resistance, fatigue resistance and optical properties of flexible pavements are enhanced by adding nanomaterials into the asphalt mixture. Nanosilica enhances the interface between cement pastes and aggregates and promotes the pozzolanic reaction of concrete, thus, mechanical properties of concrete pavements are improved. Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterials play a promising role in subgrade and pavement engineering, benefitting from their environmental friendliness, lower environmental disturbance, better price/performance ratio and higher durability.

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Khan, M. Arsalan, M. Khalid Imam, Kashif Irshad, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Mohd Abul Hasan, and Saiful Islam. "Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040911.

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Nanotechnology has emerged as a field with promising applications in building materials. Nanotechnology-based mortars are examples of such building materials that have widespread applications in the construction industry. The main nanomaterials used in mortars include nano-silica, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-alumina, nano-titanium oxide, nano-zinc oxide, nano-clay, and nano-carbon. This review paper presents a summary of the properties and effects of these nanomaterials on cement mortar in terms of its fresh-state and hard-state properties. The fresh-state properties include the setting time, consistency, and workability, while the hard-state properties include mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, tensile strengths, as well as the elasticity modulus, in addition to durability properties such as water absorption, shrinkage strain, strength loss due to freeze–thaw cycles, and chloride penetration, among others. Different nanomaterials cause different physical and chemical alterations within the microstructures of cement mortar. Therefore, the microstructural characterization and densification of mortar are discussed in detail at varying temperatures. In general, the involvement of nanomaterials in cement mortar influences the fresh-state properties, enhances the mechanical properties, and impacts the durability properties, while reducing the porosity present in the mortar matrix. Cementitious nanomaterials can create a pathway for the easy injection of binding materials into the internal microstructures of a hydration gel to impact the hydration process at different rates, whereas their non-cementitious counterparts can act as fillers. Furthermore, the research gaps and future outlook regarding the application of nanomaterials in mortar are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical properties of nanomaterials'

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