Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanical properties, steel bar, tensile strength, microalloys'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanical properties, steel bar, tensile strength, microalloys"
1
Wang, Qing Hui, Hua Wu, and Tao Chen. "The Mechanical Properties of 20MnSi Steel and Welding Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.395.
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The microstructure, mechanical properties, precipitation of micro alloying elements and welding performance of self-designed 20MnSi steel were investigated, by means of metallographic microscope , transmission electron microscope, electroslag pressure welding and mechanics performance tests, etc.The results show that,with the actions of microalloy V and controlled rolling and controlled cooling technique, tensile strength (Rm) and yield strength (Rel) of the test bar could respectively reach 730 MPa and 560 MPa, uniform elongation (Agt %) of 13.5%, which has met the seismic performance index. And we found that a lot of dispersion particle V (CN) precipitated in the ferritic matrix and grain boundary place, which have a good precipitation strengthening and refining grain effect. In addition, based on the welding parameters reasonable controlling, it can make the mechanical properties of welding joints changes not beyond the design range, and satisfy the use requirement.
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Chung, Junho, Taeh Yung Kim, and Ju Sang Lee. "Study on the Effect of V Microalloying on Earthquake Resisting High-Strength Reinforcing Bar Steels." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.345.
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Recently, the frequency of earthquakes has been increasing worldwide. As a result, steel reinforced with seismic performance that can satisfy the social needs to strengthen the existing seismic performance of existing infrastructure facilities and new buildings has become important. In general, to secure the yield strength of reinforcing bars and to reduce the production cost, reinforcing bars are produced by rolling the surface through a facility such as a Tempcore. In Korea, most of them have adopted the Tempcore process to ensure the mechanical requirements of the product. However, the use of a small amount of alloying elements and the application of Tempcore have limitations in producing reinforcing bars that require seismic performance. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the production and application of high strength rebars. Microalloying and fine-grain strengthening are the most effective methods in developing high strength rebars. That is, the precipitation of V (C, N) is promoted by the addition of V to improve the strength by precipitation strengthening of V-carbonitride. However, in V-microalloyed reinforcing bars, it was confirmed that the required strength did not increase proportional to the amount of V added. In this study, the effects of vanadium and other alloying elements on the mechanical properties and yield ratio of steel bars were investigated by tensile test results and microstructural evaluation.
3
Huo, Bao Rong, and Xiang Dong Zhang. "Experiment Study of BFRP Bars’ Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.830.
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The testing rule of mechanical properties of material can be established and the mechanical performance can be found by studying the basic mechanical properties of BFRP bars. Using the opressive sleeve anchor developed by the researchers,tensile tests of BFRP bars are carried out according to the national standards of “GFRP bar tensile test methods”.The BFRP bar’s force-deformation curve is linear before the force-deformation relationship is destroyed,therefore,referring to steel wire or steel cable,the BFRP bar’s reliable strength is suggested to be approximately 80% of its ultimate tensile strength. The BFRP bar’s tensile elastic modulus is related to the content of basalt fiber.The tensile elastic modulus increases with the increase of the basalt fiber’s content and the content increases when the BFRP bar’s diameter becomes longer, so the tensile elastic modulus increases with the increase of its diameter. Compared with steel, the BFRP bar is obviously superior in the aspects of tensile strength, corrosion resistance ,etc,therefore to use the BFRP bar in reinforced concrete structures insead of steel is feasible.
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Mo, Fei, Pu Zhang, Dan Ying Gao, Yu Yang Pang, and Ke Zhao. "Experimental Method Study on Tensile Properties of GFRP Bar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.365.
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The GFRP bar has good mechanical properties and durability, but it is hard to test the tensile strength of large diameter FRP bar. Its test method given by ACI is too conservative, especially for large diameter FRP bar, and the length of test specimen will be too long and beyond the range of most testing machine. This article tested the tensile strength of GFRP bar using new methods, meanwhile, analyzed its stress distribution along the length of the specimens. The test results show that the use of bond anchor with steel plug or internal thread to measure the tensile strength of GFRP bar is feasible, and it can reduce the free length and the anchor length of the specimens, thus simplifying the test method of the tensile strength of FRP bars.
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Xu, Xin Sheng, Ning Zhang, and Tao Ji. "Mechanical Property of FRP Bar and Design Method of Hybrid FRP Bar." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.339.
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The paper described the detailed design and production method of the FRP bar and the anchorage device, and it also introduced the test method of mechanical properties on the tensile strength, elastic modulus and the rate of elongation of the FRP bar. Moreover, it conducted statistical analysis into test results and put forward the mechanical property index for structural design of the FRP bar concrete. Test results indicated that stress-strain relation of the FRP bar presented linear variation. FRP bar is superior to steel bar concerning high tensile strength-quality ratio and high durability, the elastic modulus and the rate of elongation of the FRP bar are also less than those of the steel bar, it is practicable to use FRP bar as a new type of tensile material in concrete structures. And then, it put forward design ideas of the hybrid FRP bar by a series of analysis on the hybrid effect and the ductility of the hybrid FRP bar.
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Benmokrane, Brahim, Burong Zhang, Kader Laoubi, Brahim Tighiouart, and Isabelle Lord. "Mechanical and bond properties of new generation of carbon fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing bars for concrete structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-013.
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This paper presents laboratory test results on the mechanical properties and bond strength of new generation of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcing bars used as nonprestressed reinforcement for concrete structures. Two types of CFRP reinforcing bars, namely, 9-mm-diameter CFRP ribbed bars and 9.5-mm-diameter CFRP sand-coated bars, were investigated. Tensile tests and pullout bond tests were conducted to evaluate the tensile properties and bond strength of the CFRP bars in comparison with that of the steel bar. Experimental results showed that the tensile stress-strain curves of the CFRP bars were linear up to failure. The ultimate tensile strength of the two types of CFRP bars was at least 1500 MPa, three times that of steel bars. The modulus of elasticity of two types of the CFRP bars was 128145 GPa, about 6575% that of steel. Furthermore, both types of the CFRP bars exhibited almost the same bond strength to concrete similar to steel bars. The minimum bond development length for the two types of CFRP bars seemed to be equal to about 20db for the sand-coated bars and 30db for the ribbed bars.Key words: fibre reinforced polymer (FRP), carbon FRP (CFRP), bar, mechanical properties, tensile strength, embedded length, pullout, bond strength, concrete structures.
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Sun, Zeyang, Yu Tang, Yunbiao Luo, Gang Wu, and Xiaoyuan He. "Mechanical Properties of Steel-FRP Composite Bars under Tensile and Compressive Loading." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5691278.
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The factory-produced steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar (SFCB) is a new kind of reinforcement for concrete structures. The manufacturing technology of SFCB is presented based on a large number of handmade specimens. The calculated stress-strain curves of ordinary steel bar and SFCB under repeated tensile loading agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The energy-dissipation capacity and residual strain of both steel bar and SFCB were analyzed. Based on the good simulation results of ordinary steel bar and FRP bar under compressive loading, the compressive behavior of SFCB under monotonic loading was studied using the principle of equivalent flexural rigidity. There are three failure modes of SFCB under compressive loading: elastic buckling, postyield buckling, and no buckling (ultimate compressive strength is reached). The increase in the postyield stiffness of SFCB rsf can delay the postyield buckling of SFCB with a large length-to-diameter ratio, and an empirical equation for the relationship between the postbuckling stress and rsf is suggested, which can be used for the design of concrete structures reinforced by SFCB to consider the effect of reinforcement buckling.
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Liu, Yue, Hong-Tao Zhang, Hong-Hao Zhao, Lin Lu, Ming-Yang Han, Jiao-Cai Wang, and Shuai Guan. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Novel FRP Bars with Hoop Winding Layer." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9554687.
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Due to the fact that steel reinforcement is vulnerable to corrosion, FRP bars with light weight, high strength, and excellent durability have become a good substitute for ordinary steel bars. FRP bars have high tensile strength, but their compressive strength is relatively low and often neglected, so the application of FRP bars in compression members has been restricted. This paper proposes a new pultrusion-winding-pultrusion method to improve the compressive ability of FRP bars. A hoop FRP layer is winded on the outer surface of the pultruded FRP core, and a longitudinal pultruded layer and ribs are also added on the outermost surface. In this paper, mechanical properties of this novel FRP bar with hoop winding layer are investigated. First, monotonic tensile and compressive tests on traditional and novel GFRP bars were conducted. Then, cyclic tension-compression loading tests were also carried out on the two types of GFRP bars. Test results showed that the compressive ultimate bearing capacities of GFRP bars with winding layers were 10∼20 kN greater than those of the traditional GFRP bars, and the compressive ductility of the novel GFRP bars was also improved. Furthermore, the tensile stress-strain behaviors of both GFRP bars were linear-elastic and the added winding layer did not greatly influence the tensile properties of the GFRP bars. Moreover, for the cyclic loading test, the compressive ultimate load of GFRP bars was 80%∼90% of that under monotonic compressive test, and the tensile ultimate load was 45%∼65% of that under monotonic tensile test. Compared with the GFRP bar without winding layer, the overall stiffness of the novel GFRP bar was greater than that of the traditional one and the ultimate load of the novel GFRP bar was also greater. In addition, seeing that the residual displacement of the novel GFRP bar was greater than that of the traditional GFRP bar, winding hoop fibers on the outer surface of the core is a useful way to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the GFRP bar.
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Durães, M., and Nuno Peixinho. "Dynamic Material Properties of Stainless Steel and Multiphase High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.941.
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This work presents results of tensile testing of H400 stainless steel, DP600 and TRIP600 at different strain rates. Mechanical properties were determined from tensile test using flat sheet specimens and recurring to different test techniques: servo-hydraulic machine and a tensile-loading Hopkinson bar. The test results were used to compare different mechanical properties of the tested steels and to validate constitutive equations intended to provide a mathematical description of strain rate dependence, namely the Cowper-Symonds equation. Following previous research work in dynamic material proprieties of multiphase and stainless steel grades, the energy absorption in quasi-static crushing of thin walled section made of the tested materials was subsequently investigated. Crush tests were performed in top-hat and hexagonal section tubes manufactured using laser welding. The experimental results were compared in order to assess the efficiency of the different steel grades for energy absorption.
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Xiao, Gui Zhi, Jun Xue Zhao, and Li Li Zhuang. "Study on Microstructure and Properties of High Strength Construction Steel Bars." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3787.
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In this paper, the microstructure and properties construction steel bars under various quenching and tempering temperature are investigated. Tensile tests show that the maximum tensile strength is1489MPa, elongation 11%, quenching temperature and tempering temperature have effects on the strength and plasticity of the samples, but the latter effect is more pronounced than the former. Steel bars have superior delayed fracture resistance between 390 ~420°C. The microstructure of steel bar is mainly composed of fine tempered sorbite (troostite) with carbide distributed along the lath martensite boundaries. Thus, we draw the conclusion thermal refining is an effective way to improve mechanical properties and delayed fracture resistance of high strength construction steel bars.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanical properties, steel bar, tensile strength, microalloys"
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Voloskov, Sergey. "Anwendung der Thermomechanischen Behandlung mit Wärmebehandlung aus der Walzhitze für die Herstellung der Stabstahlsorte 15MnCrMoV4-8." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-133648.
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Zur Herstellung von Stabstahl der Sorte 15MnCrMoV4-8 ist die thermomechanische Behandlung erprobt worden. Diese erfolgte in Kombination mit der kosten- und energiesparenden Wärmebehandlung aus der Walzhitze. Dabei wurde besondere Aufmerksamkeit der chemischen Zusammensetzung gewidmet. Sie wird aus der Sicht kostenintensiver Legierungselemente, wie sie in Kombination mit Umformung und Abkühlung zum Erreichen eines mechanischen Eigenschaftsprofils führen, betrachtet. Das erforderliche Niveau der mechanischen Eigenschaften ist aus der Anwendung dieser Stahlsorte für die Fertigung von Pumpenstangen aus dem Bereich der Ölfördernden Industrie abgeleitet worden.
Bei den entwickelten und erprobten Herstellungstechnologien haben ein Teil der Stahlstäbe der gewählten Legierungen das geforderte Eigenschaftsniveau von Halbzeugen für die ölfördernde Industrie erreicht. Ein Teil davon hat sogar das Eigenschaftsprofil einer höheren Festigkeitsklasse, die zu Gewichts- und Energieeinsparungen führt. Die angestrebte Lebensdauer, ermittelt durch Schwingfestigkeitstests unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen sowie im korrosiv-wässrigen 3%NaCl-Medium, ist bei fast allen untersuchten Werkstoffen erreicht worden.
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Voloskov, Sergey. "Anwendung der Thermomechanischen Behandlung mit Wärmebehandlung aus der Walzhitze für die Herstellung der Stabstahlsorte 15MnCrMoV4-8." Doctoral thesis, 2007. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22908.
Full textAbstract:
Zur Herstellung von Stabstahl der Sorte 15MnCrMoV4-8 ist die thermomechanische Behandlung erprobt worden. Diese erfolgte in Kombination mit der kosten- und energiesparenden Wärmebehandlung aus der Walzhitze. Dabei wurde besondere Aufmerksamkeit der chemischen Zusammensetzung gewidmet. Sie wird aus der Sicht kostenintensiver Legierungselemente, wie sie in Kombination mit Umformung und Abkühlung zum Erreichen eines mechanischen Eigenschaftsprofils führen, betrachtet. Das erforderliche Niveau der mechanischen Eigenschaften ist aus der Anwendung dieser Stahlsorte für die Fertigung von Pumpenstangen aus dem Bereich der Ölfördernden Industrie abgeleitet worden.
Bei den entwickelten und erprobten Herstellungstechnologien haben ein Teil der Stahlstäbe der gewählten Legierungen das geforderte Eigenschaftsniveau von Halbzeugen für die ölfördernde Industrie erreicht. Ein Teil davon hat sogar das Eigenschaftsprofil einer höheren Festigkeitsklasse, die zu Gewichts- und Energieeinsparungen führt. Die angestrebte Lebensdauer, ermittelt durch Schwingfestigkeitstests unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen sowie im korrosiv-wässrigen 3%NaCl-Medium, ist bei fast allen untersuchten Werkstoffen erreicht worden.
Book chapters on the topic "Mechanical properties, steel bar, tensile strength, microalloys"
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Apostolopoulos, Charis, and Konstantinos Koulouris. "Corrosion Effect on Bond Loss between Steel and Concrete." In Structural Integrity and Failure [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94166.
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This chapter is devoted to the effects of steel corrosion on bond relationship between steel and concrete. One of the basic assumptions in design of reinforced concrete members is the perfect steel - concrete bond mechanism, so that strain of reinforcing bar is the same as that of the surrounding concrete and these two different materials act as one. However, corrosion of steel reinforcement consists one of the main durability problems in reinforced concrete members, downgrade the bond behavior and therefore their structural integrity. Corrosion degrades the reinforcement itself, reducing the initial cross-section of the steel bar and its mechanical properties. Furthermore, tensile stresses in surrounding concrete caused due to oxides on the corroded reinforcement, lead to the gradual development of tensile field to the surrounding concrete, with spalling of the cover concrete and loss of bond mechanism as a consequence. In this chapter, an overview of damage of reinforced concrete due to steel corrosion is given, focused on the bond mechanism; factors that play key role in the degree of bonding and, also, proposed models of bond strength loss in correlation with the surface concrete cracking due to corrosion are indicated. To conclude, the ongoing research in this area of interest is presented, based on recent scientific studies.
Conference papers on the topic "Mechanical properties, steel bar, tensile strength, microalloys"
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Jansto, Steven G. "New Generation Structural Steel Plate Metallurgy for Meeting Offshore and Arctic Application Challenges." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77723.
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The new generation of value-added low carbon-low manganese-niobium microalloyed structural steels for both low and high yield strength, energy absorption, fatigue and fracture resistant applications is under development for offshore and arctic materials engineering applications. These materials engineering considerations are shifting designers to consider new lower cost and more robust construction materials even for low yield strength applications require improved fatigue, fracture arrest and toughness performance. The civil engineering and end user community demand structural reinforcing bars, shapes, beams and plates with improved energy absorption and fatigue properties. With more severe climatic conditions evolving every day, demands also necessitate improved fire and seismic resistance, yield-to-tensile ratio consistency, improved bendability and weldability. These attributes are difficult to obtain from steel producers today with their current higher carbon microalloyed steel approaches and hot rolling practices. There is a global shift in motion to low C-Nb-Mn bearing construction steels displacing traditional materials. The technological and metallurgical advancements of value-added niobium (Nb) microalloyed thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) plate steels have been further developed to meet more demanding fatigue, fracture and low temperature toughness end user requirements. Niobium enables achievement of substantial grain refinement and grain size uniformity when the plate is rolled with the proper reduction, thermal schedule and process metallurgical operational practices. The effects of microalloying elements on the continuous cooling transformation behavior must be carefully controlled during the process metallurgy of the reheating and rolling process to successfully achieve the desired mechanical properties. TMCP applications have been successfully developed in numerous product sectors with thickness exceeding 120 mm. Since the very fine grained microstructure improves toughness and increases the yield strength, this Nb-TMCP process enables the required tensile properties with the growing trend to leaner chemical composition designs (less than 0.10%C) and excellent toughness properties. From an operational cost perspective, in today’s very competitive market environment, there exists a huge opportunity for structural offshore and arctic plate producing steel mills to improve their profitability by thoroughly assessing a shift to lower carbon and manganese steels in their product mix. Through the adoption of these lower carbon Nb-containing structural materials, several design and/or manufacturing companies are initiating new offshore steel designs that will further provide improved overall lifetime and cost performance at reduced maintenance expense. These high strength plate steels offer the opportunity to manufacture complex heavy-lift and fatigue-critical components for larger offshore structures without increasing the weight of the platforms.
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Yin, Yuqun, Yixin Huang, Yongkuan Yao, Daoyuan Wang, Yonglong Wu, and Douglas G. Stalheim. "The Development of X80 Steel Plate and Coil for the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64211.
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The growing economy of China has resulted in an increase in energy demands. This increased demand for energy has resulted in plans to expand the oil and gas transmission pipeline infrastructure throughout China. This transmission pipeline infrastructure expansion demands higher strength steels of API grade X70 and X80 for economical movement of the oil and gas. With most of the major natural gas supply in countries to the west of China and the major population centers of China in the east, long distant transmission pipelines from west to east have been built with additional capacity being designed. The first major natural gas transmission pipeline, 1st West-East Pipeline was API X70. A parallel mainline of approximately 4950 km with 8 sub lines resulting in an overall total length of approximately 8800 km is being designed for construction in 2008. This line will be the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project and will be built out of API X80. The major dimension of this line is 1219 mm OD × 18.4 mm wall thickness. Nanjing Iron and Steel Company (NISCO) in Nanjing, China commissioned a wide plate/coil Steckel mill in 2004 and has successfully developed API grades in plate and coil for the Chinese pipeline industry. Since 2004 NISCO has successfully ramped up production to where in 2007 anticipated delivery of API plate and coil will be approximately 350,000 mT. Over that time period NISCO has been developing API X80 plate and coil capabilities in anticipation of the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project. The 2nd West-East Pipeline specification major requirements for coil and plate mechanical properties include round bar tensile testing, YT maximum of 0.93 for round bar, ≥ 240 J @ −20 °C average TCVN and ≥ 85% DWTT shear average @ −15 °C. During the development process two alloy approaches have been identified for plate and coil to produce the ferrite/acicular ferrite microstructure required for API X80 pipe. This paper will describe Nanjing Iron and Steel Company’s development and results to produce API grade X80 plate and coil that successfully met the specification requirements of the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project.
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Rejowski, Edney Deschauer, Edmo Soares, Ingo Roth, and Steffen Rudolph. "Cylinder Liner in Ductile Cast Iron for High Loaded Combustion Diesel Engines." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60163.
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With the increase of combustion loading and the trend to reduce engine size, there is a need for thinner but stronger wet cylinder liners. While most of the current cylinder liners are made of gray cast iron, due to its good tribological behavior, machinability performance and competitive price, alternative casting materials like compact graphite iron, ductile iron and even steel are being considered to cover the future engine demands. In this paper, a new ductile iron (DI) cast material for wet cylinder liners is presented. The material has about 60 and 70% higher limits respectively for tensile stress and fatigue resistance as compared to conventional gray cast irons, but without penalty on the tribological properties. There is also a potential improvement to avoid cavitation on the outside surface due to its higher young modulus, which also equates to a higher stiffness. The tested cylinder liners were induction hardened on the running surface and a slide hone process was used to improve wear and scuffing resistance. The liners were tested in a HDD engine with PCP of 245 bar and showed similar wear as observed with conventional cylinder liners of gray cast iron material. The DI cylinder liners were also tested in an abusive scuffing engine test without any concern. The improved mechanical properties of the described new DI material introduce possibilities to reduce liner wall thickness or increase specific output. The preliminary evaluation in this paper showed that this new material is feasible for HDD diesel engines with PCP up to 250 bar. In cases that the customer needs to increase the bore diameter for output reasons there is the potential to reduce the liner wall thickness up to 25% based on high mechanical properties (UTS, Young Modulus and fatigue strength). In both cases, it’s recommended a FEA analysis to support the new component design.