Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanical recycling

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanical recycling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 February 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanical recycling"

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NAKAISHI, Naritaka. "Automobile Recycling Policy(Mechanical Systems for Recycling Oriented Society)." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 109, no. 1055 (2006): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.109.1055_807.

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Nemeša, Ineta, Marija Pešić, and Valentina Bozoki. "Mechanical recycling of textile waste." Tekstilna industrija 72, no. 4 (2024): 24–28. https://doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2404024n.

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During mechanical recycling several mechanical treatments are used to degrade textile waste and make it ready for new application in different other industries. Mechanical recycling process consists of several work steps. Pre or post-consumer textile waste is firstly cut in small pieces by a shredding machine. Blending boxes with different storage capacities are used to blend cut textile waste. A feeding unit is placed in between a blending box and a tearing machine. Tearing machines separate individual fibers by tearing small pieces of shredded textile material apart. At the end of the textile recycling process the opened fibers are compressed in needed size bundles to store and transport for their further use. Insufficiently sorted waste is the most serious problem that complicates mechanical recycling processes, reduces the quality of recycled fibers. Currently there are not available efficient methods to recycle coated, laminated textiles and materials with elastan. Compared with other recycling methods the mechanical recycling of textile waste has already decades of experience, it is the most developed, most widely used, requires much lower investments and energy resources.
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Strachala, David, Josef Hylský, Kristyna Jandova, Jiri Vaněk, and Š. Cingel. "Mechanical Recycling of Photovoltaic Modules." ECS Transactions 81, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/08101.0199ecst.

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Costa, André A., Pedro G. Martinho, and Fátima M. Barreiros. "Comparison between the Mechanical Recycling Behaviour of Amorphous and Semicrystalline Polymers: A Case Study." Recycling 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling8010012.

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The increase in waste has motivated the adoption of the circular economy concept, which assumes particular relevance in the case of plastic materials. This has led to research of new possibilities for recycling plastics after their end-of-life. To achieve this goal, it is fundamental to understand how the materials’ properties change after recycling. This study aims to evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties of recycled plastics, namely polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), glass fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6-GF30), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). With this purpose, injected samples were mechanically recycled twice and compared through thermal and mechanical tests, such as differential scanning calorimetry, hardness, tensile strength, and the melt flow rate. The results show that the amorphous materials used do not suffer significant changes in their properties but exhibit changes in their optical characteristics. The semicrystalline ones present some modifications. PET is the material that suffers the biggest changes, both in its flowability and mechanical properties. This work demonstrates that the mechanical recycling process may be an interesting possibility for recycling depending on the desired quality of final products, allowing for some materials to maintain comparable thermal and mechanical properties after going through the recycling process.
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Pin, Jean-Mathieu, Iman Soltani, Keny Negrier, and Patrick C. Lee. "Recyclability of Post-Consumer Polystyrene at Pilot Scale: Comparison of Mechanical and Solvent-Based Recycling Approaches." Polymers 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2023): 4714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15244714.

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Solvent-based and mechanical recycling technology approaches were compared with respect to each process’s decontamination efficiency. Herein, post-consumer polystyrene (PS) feedstock was recycled by both technologies, yielding recycled PS resins (rPS). The process feedstock was subjected to four recycling cycles in succession to assess the technology perennity. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the rPS were then evaluated to discern the advantages and drawbacks of each recycling approach. The molecular weight of the mechanically recycled resin was found to decrease by 30% over the reprocessing cycles. In contrast, the solvent-base recycling technology yielded a similar molecular weight regarding the feedstock. This consistency in the rPS product is critical for consumer applications. Further qualitative and quantitative analyses on residual organic compounds and inorganic and particulate contaminants were investigated. It was found that the solvent-based technology is very efficient for purifying deeply contaminated feedstock in comparison to mechanical recycling, which is limited to well-cleaned and niche feedstocks.
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Pan, Jun-qi, Zhi-feng Liu, Guang-fu Liu, Shu-wang Wang, and Hai-hong Huang. "Recycling process assessment of mechanical recycling of printed circuit board." Journal of Central South University of Technology 12, no. 2 (October 2005): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-005-0031-z.

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Finnerty, James, Steven Rowe, Trevor Howard, Shane Connolly, Christopher Doran, Declan M. Devine, Noel M. Gately, et al. "Effect of Mechanical Recycling on the Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040141.

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The present study investigates the feasibility of utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-based natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) in mechanical recycling. A conical twin screw extrusion (CTSE) process was utilized to recycle PLA and PLA-based NFRCs consisting of 90 wt.% PLA and a 10 wt.% proportion of either basalt fibers (BFs) or halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) for up to six recycling steps. The recycled material was then injection molded to produce standard test specimens for impact strength and tensile property analysis. The mechanical recycling of virgin PLA led to significant discoloration of the polymer, indicating degradation during the thermal processing of the polymer due to the formation of chromatophores in the structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with respect to increased recycling steps, indicating an increased content of crystallinity in the PLA. Impact strength testing showed no significant detrimental effects on the NFRCs’ impact strength up to six recycling steps. Tensile testing of PLA/HNT NFRCs likewise did not show major decreases in values when tested. However, PLA/BF NFRCs exhibited a significant decrease in tensile properties after three recycling steps, likely due to a reduction in fiber length beyond the critical fiber length. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surface of impact specimens revealed a decrease in fiber length with respect to increased recycling steps, as well as poor interfacial adhesion between BF and PLA. This study presents a promising initial view into the mechanical recyclability of PLA-based composites.
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Lou, Xi Yin. "Research on Mobile Mechanical Products of Recycling Method." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.91.

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How to make discarded mobile mechanical product implement material and components reuse and recycling economical in its all 1ife was the focus of green design. Aiming at the problems of the traditional design which is not considering recycling resources and the influences to the environment after the end of life of the productions, the concept and content of green design for recycling was introduced, in addition, the tactic of green design for recycling was included. At last, the method of realizing the mobile mechanical productions recycling is pointed out.
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Luu, Duc-Nam, Magali Barbaroux, Gaelle Dorez, Katell Mignot, Estelle Doger, Achille Laurent, Jean-Michel Brossard, and Claus-Jürgen Maier. "Recycling of Post-Use Bioprocessing Plastic Containers—Mechanical Recycling Technical Feasibility." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315557.

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Most of the plastic-based solutions used in bio-manufacturing are today incinerated after use, even the not “bio-contaminated”. Bioprocessing bags used for media and buffer preparation and storage represent the largest amount today. The aim of this work was to technically assess the feasibility of the mechanical recycling of bioprocessing bags. Materials from different sorting and recycling strategies have been characterized, for their suitability of further use. Quantitative physical and mechanical tests and analysis (FTIR, DSC, TGA, density, MFI, color, tensile, flexural, and Charpy choc) were performed. The data show that these recycled plastics could be oriented towards second use requiring physical properties similar to equivalent virgin materials. A comparative life cycle assessment, based on a theoretical framework, shows that mechanical recycling for end of life presents the advantage of keeping material in the loop, without showing a significant statistical difference compared to incineration with regards to the climate change indicator.
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La Mantia, Francesco Paolo. "Polymer Mechanical Recycling: Downcycling or Upcycling?" Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 20, no. 1 (February 2004): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060402000102.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanical recycling"

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Cui, Jirang. "Mechanical recycling of consumer electronic scrap /." Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/36.

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PIETROLUONGO, MARIO. "Mechanical recycling of polimer-based composites." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2829300.

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Abu, Zeid Houda, and Tanya Syed. "Suitable textile recycling methods for implementation inSweden : A study in mechanical and chemical recycling methods." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226867.

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Detta projekt undersöker de ekonomiska, tekniska och miljömässiga aspekterna avtextilproduktion samt textilåtervinning. Paralleller dras mellan olika naturfibrer ochsyntetfibrer där såväl positiva som negativa aspekter belyses. I rapporten exemplifieras demest omdiskuterade textilierna; bomull, polyester, viskos och lyocell. Vidare görs en analyspå diverse textilåtervinningstekniker som finns i dagsläget och hur dessa är lämpade fördagens samhälle. På så sätt kan man undersöka vilka framtida möjligheter och begränsningarsom finns för utvecklingen av den textila återvinningen. En SWOT-analys utförs för attutreda möjligheterna för implementering av någon av de befintliga återvinningsteknikerna,kemisk respektive mekanisk återvinning, i Sverige. Utifrån SWOT-analysen som även räknassom rapportens resultat och även utifrån forskning i litteraturstudien dras slutsatsen attkemisk återvinning är tekniken som bäst lämpar sig utifrån Sveriges förhållanden. Slutsatserdras också kring vilka områden som landet måste fokusera på för att möjliggöra en storskaligåtervinning och detta involverar sorteringsteknologier, insamling och hantering av återvunnatextilfibrer. De specifika slutsaterna är:● Fokus bör ligga på att öka insamlingen av textilier då kemisk återvinning är mesteffektiv när det gäller återvinning av större volymer.● Majoriteten av all sortering av textilier bör automatiseras för att underlättahanteringen av insamlingen av textilier● Till en början bör endast textilier som gjorda på endast en fibertyp återvinnas, dettaeftersom att blandtextilier är mycket mer komplexa att hantera.Rapporten är uppdelad i två delar där den första delen innehåller introduktion, projektetsfrågeställningar samt målbeskrivning. Den senare delen är en längre litteraturstudie där faktaom olika typer av textilfibrer och hur produktion samt återvinning av dessa fibrer påverkarmiljö och samhälle. Litteraturstudien följs upp av en modellbeskrivning och en djupgåendeanalys av de slutgiltiga resultaten. I litteraturstudien återfinns även en intervju som ärgenomförd med klädföretaget Houdini Sportswear AB.
This report strives to examine the economical, technical and environmental aspects of textileproduction, but mainly textile recycling. Comparisons between natural fibers and syntheticones will be made, comparing both positive and negative aspects. The textile fibers that willbe discussed are cotton, viscose, polyester and lyocell. Furthermore, an analysis of varioustextile recycling technologies currently available and how suited they are for today’s societywill be made. By doing so one can explore the future possibilities and limitations for thedevelopment of textile recycling. A SWOT-analysis will be conducted in order to examinethe possibility to implement one of the recycling techniques in Sweden. The conclusion thatformed from the SWOT-analysis was that the chemical recycling technique is better fitted fora country of Sweden’s nature. Furthermore, in order for Sweden to be able to implement alarge scale recycling system there is a need for development of certain areas, such as sortingtechnologies, collection and general managing of recycled textile fibers. Some furtherconclusions from this study are that:● Greater focus is needed in order to increase the collection of textiles, since thechemical recycling method is the most efficient when it comes to the recycling oflarger volumes of textiles.● The majority of the sorting of textiles should be done automatically to facilitate thehandling of the collection of textiles.● In the beginning one should focus on recycling textiles that only consist of one type offiber, this since the recycling of textiles consisting of more than one type of fiber ismore complex and the technique for it is not yet fully developed.There are two parts to the report. The first part contains an introduction and a description ofthe project’s research questions and mission. The second part is a literature study whichcontains information about different types of textile fibers currently available and how theproduction and recycling of these fibers affect the environment and society as a whole. Theliterature study is followed by a description of the model used in this report and also ananalysis of the final results. An interview conducted with the sportswear company HoudiniSportswear AB can also be found in the literature study.
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Benoit, Nathalie. "Mechanical recycling of high density polyethylene/flax fiber composites." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27713.

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Ce travail de doctorat est consacré à la production, au recyclage mécanique long-terme et à la caractérisation de matériaux polymères et composites à base de polyéthylène haute densité (HDPE) et de fibre de lin. L’objectif est de déterminer l’aptitude au recyclage long-terme de ces composites et de leur matrice, tout en évaluant la perte de performance subie. Le recyclage est réalisé ici par une extrusion en boucle fermée, durant 50 cycles, sans ajout intermédiaire de matières vierges et sans prise en compte de la détérioration et de la contamination subies lors du cycle de vie des produits. Dans la première partie, une revue de littérature présente l’état de l’art concernant le recyclage mécanique des composites thermoplastiques. Les différents types de recyclage de composites sont présentés, ainsi que les différents travaux réalisés sur le recyclage de composites thermoplastiques à base de fibres naturelles ou inorganiques. Enfin, les différentes limitations rencontrées lors du recyclage de ces composites sont mises en lumière et des solutions sont présentées. Au cours de cette revue, des lacunes importantes sur le recyclage mécanique long-terme de ces composites sont observées. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, le polyéthylène haute densité est étudié et recyclé seul afin de connaître ses propriétés et son comportement au recyclage, tout en servant de base de comparaison pour les composites produits par la suite. L’étude des propriétés physique, thermique, moléculaire et mécanique permet d’analyser les différents mécanismes de dégradation induits par le recyclage mécanique. Les résultats montrent une diminution de la contrainte au seuil d’écoulement et une forte augmentation de l’élongation à la rupture avec le recyclage, indiquant que des phénomènes de rupture de chaînes ont lieu dans le polymère. La plupart des autres propriétés demeurent constantes et confirment le maintien des performances du polymère avec le recyclage. Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, deux séries de composites sont produites à partir du polyéthylène haute densité et de la fibre de lin (15% en masse), avec et sans polyéthylène greffé d’anhydride maléique (MAPE) comme agent couplant. Toutes deux seront caractérisées similairement au polymère afin d’évaluer l’effet de la présence de fibre dans le polymère. Une analyse de la distribution de fibres est aussi réalisée afin d’observer l’effet du recyclage mécanique sur la taille des fibres. L’analyse mécanique révèle que la fibre fournit un renfort efficace au polymère, en particulier avec l’agent couplant, mais les propriétés à la rupture diminuent. Cet effet diminue avec le recyclage, alors que les propriétés à l’élongation augmentent, du fait de la réduction de longueur des fibres. L’effet de l’agent couplant disparaît aussi au cours du recyclage. Toutefois, la majorité des performances mécaniques après recyclage restent supérieures à celles du polymère.
This thesis focuses on the production, the mechanical recycling and the characterization of polymers and composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) and flax fibers. It aims to determine the materials potential towards long-term recycling and to evaluate the resulting loss of performance. The recycling is realized by closed-loop extrusion, and repeated up to 50 times, without any addition of new material, and without any consideration of the possible degradation and contamination undergone during the life-cycle of the products. In the first part, a literature review presents the state of the art concerning the mechanical recycling of thermoplastic composites. The various types of composites recycling are introduced, as well as the various works conducted on the recycling of thermoplastic composites reinforced with both natural and inorganic fillers. Finally, the various limitations to the composites recycling are presented and some solutions are suggested. During this review an important lack of knowledge on the long-term mechanical recycling of these composites is observed. In the second part of this work, the high density polyethylene is studied and recycled in order to know its properties and its behavior towards recycling, as well as to be used as a comparison basis for the further parts. The study of the mechanical, thermal, molecular and physical properties leads to the better understanding of the various degradation mechanisms induced by mechanical recycling. The results show a decrease of the yield stress and an important increase of the strain at break with recycling, indicating that chain scissions take place in the polymer during recycling. Most of the other properties remained stable, and confirmed the conservation of the polymer performances with recycling. In the last part of this work, high density polyethylene is used to produce two series of composites with 15% wt. of flax fiber, with and without maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as a coupling agent. Similar characterizations as for the matrix are conducted on both composites as to evaluate the effect of the fibers in the polymer matrix. A complete analysis of the fiber distribution is also performed to observe the effect of mechanical recycling on the fiber dimensions. The mechanical analysis reveals that the fibers provides an efficient reinforcement to the matrix, and especially with coupling agent, but the properties at break decrease. Nevertheless, this effect decreases with recycling, while the elongation properties increase due to the fiber size reduction. The effect of the coupling agent disappears with recycling. However, most mechanical properties remain higher for the composites after recycling than for the neat matrix.
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Dahmus, Jeffrey B. (Jeffrey Brian) 1974. "Applications of industrial ecology : manufacturing, recycling, and efficiency." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39901.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references.
This work applies concepts from industrial ecology to analyses of manufacturing, recycling, and efficiency. The first part focuses on an environmental analysis of machining, with a specific emphasis on energy consumption. Energy analyses of machining show that in many cases, the energy of actual material removal represents only a small amount of the total energy used in machining, as auxiliary processes can have significant energy requirements. These analyses also show that the embodied energy of the materials that are machined can far exceed the energy of machining. Such energy consumption data, along with material flow data, provide much of the information necessary to evaluate machining on the basis of environmental performance. The second part of this work focuses on material recycling at product end-of-life. In this section, a means of evaluating the material recycling potential for products is presented. This method is based on two measures: the value of the materials used in a product and the mixture of materials used in a product. This simple representation is capable of differentiating between products that are economically worthwhile to recycle and those that are not.
(cont.) Such information can in turn be used to help guide product design and recycling policy. The third part of this work focuses on the effectiveness of efficiency improvements in reducing environmental impact. Historical data from ten activities show that improvements in efficiency are rarely able to outpace increases in production. Thus, the overall impact of each of these activities has increased over time. Specific conditions and policies that do allow for efficiency improvements to reduce impact are identified and explored. Together, the three topics presented here provide information, analyses, and recommendations to help move industrial systems towards sustainability.
by Jeffrey B. Dahmus.
Ph.D.
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Theurer, Jean E. "International investigation of electronic waste recycling plant design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65177.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, June 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2010." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52).
This thesis investigates the industry of electronic waste recycling industry in three countries: Germany, the United States, and Chile. Despite differences in the legal structure surrounding the industry, there are many similarities between plant operations and disassembly techniques. Several strategies for improving the recycling rate and improving employee safety within the plants have been identified. Appropriate clothing, included masks and gloves will improve worker safety while the recycling rate can be increased by separating the disassembly process into two tasks: disassembly and sorting. However it seems as though even with significant decreases in cost from the labor associated with recycling, the economic price of electronic waste will continue to outweigh the profits from selling recycled materials. Thus, it is important for countries to recognize the environmental and health benefits of recycling electronic waste and continue to support the electronic waste recycling industry's development.
by Jean E. Theurer.
S.B.
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Cox, Wesley (Wesley T. ). "Design of a recycling method for treated aluminum fuel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112578.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 14).
An experimental study was performed to characterize the waste byproduct of a high energy density aluminum fuel in order to identify an effective recycling method. A sample of fuel waste was generated and viewed under a scanning electron microscope. The sample was then subjected to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis which focused on points of interest identified by the scanning electron microscope. The results of the imaging and analysis showed that gallium and indium, which are used in the fuel manufacturing process, are randomly scattered around the reacted aluminum waste. These metals were found in their elemental form, meaning they do not react alongside the aluminum fuel. As such these metals can be recovered by suspending them in water and using mass differences to isolate them from the remainder of the waste.
by Wesley Cox.
S.B.
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Johansson, Ludvig. "On the Mechanical Recycling of Woven Fabrics : Improving the Reusable Fibre Yield of Mechanical Methods." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414569.

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This master thesis studies the recycling prospects of textiles. The textile industry contributes negatively to the global environmentthrough the release of greenhouse gases and consumption of resources. In order to achieve a circular textile industry, textiles must be recyclable by both chemical and mechanical means. Here, the focus is on mechanical extraction of staple fibres, particularly cotton, for reentry into yarn production. Experiments show that used, but undamaged, cotton sateen and cotton twill responds differently to abrasion with stochastic surfaces. Previous studies on the conventional shredding processes have shown positive impact from lubricants on extracted fibre lengths, by reducing inter-fibre friction. In the present study on abrasion, variables such as alignment of the weave pattern, lubrication and load are shown to have little to no impact on extracted fibre length, but notable effects on overall fibre quality. These analyses are supported by manual length assessment, electron micrographs and tensile tests using load cells. Furthermore, simple tests and observations on structured diamond surfaces constructed through chemical vapor deposition are promising for mechanical fibre release directly from a woven fabric. Suggestions are made on continued research in this field.
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KATTA, KRANTHI KUMAR, and Ifeanyi William Okogwu. "REFRIGERATOR COMPRESSOR TREATMENT AND RECYCLING." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43388.

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Social demands of recycle is becoming strong. In modern production systems, largenumber of one model of product is manufactured at a time and the way ofproduction operations are well specified. In recycling systems, on the contrary, it isusual that operation of disassemble for each works differs. Because of this,achieving high efficiency in recycling systems have been difficult. Quality FunctionDeployment (QFD) was implemented in the project to obtain clear understandingof the problem being dealt with. Being a case study in the recycling of end-of-liferefrigerators means there are several stakeholders which must be satisfied includinggovernment regulations, workforce, and the business organisation. At the same timeproductivity is maximised while cost and time is diminished. Designing withfunction, brainstorming and patent searches were used to generate new ideas.Building morphology was also used to generate ideas as well as document them.The results of the project are different concepts that can be applied individually anda comprehensive concept that will entail exhaustive change in the entire system.The recycling of compressors for material recovery is discussed.
http://www.diva-portal.se/smash/get/diva2:1326957/FULLTEXT02.pdf
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Wolf, Malima Isabelle 1981. "Modeling and Design of Material Separation Systems with Applications to Recycling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67359.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-193).
Material separation technology is critical to the success of the material recycling industry. End-of-life products, post-consumer waste, industrial excess, or otherwise collected materials for reuse are typically mixed with other incompatible materials. These materials must be segregated using material separation processes. This thesis investigates the performance and design of material separation systems for recycling through modeling material flows within these systems. The material separation system models developed here are suited to material recycling because they encompass all types of separation process and any configuration of those processes as well as treat binary and multi-material streams. These models capture the material behavior of separation systems through mass ow balance equations constructed using system configuration and process performance data. The Bayesian material separation model is used to capture the performance of separation stages processing a binary material mixture, while the material separation matrix model, developed here, captures the performance of stages processing multi-material mixtures. A network routing model is used to describe the links between processes within a separation system. The governing mass ow balance equations constructed from the process performance and routing data form systems of linear equations. These equations can be generated and solved programatically. Separation performance can be captured through experimental methods or through physical modeling, but an investigation with either suggests that performance can vary under differing material input conditions and operational settings. Techniques for coping with these effects and potentially using them to tailor system behavior are discussed in a case study on the magnetic roller separation of beverage container shreds. Two case studies use tailored economic metrics to evaluate decisions in the design of separation systems. The effects of operating decisions on an existing plastic container separating line are quantified by evaluating the additional profit from plastics-capture decisions. The second case study investigates the economics of installing a plastics separating line at an energy from waste facility. Modeling suggests several possible configurations for a plastics separating line that outperform configurations suggested by industry experts, showing that the material separation system models developed in this work can provide design guidance in the recycling industry.
by Malima Isabelle Wolf.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Mechanical recycling"

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Domagala, Josef. Handbook of aluminium recycling: Mechanical preparation, metallurgical processing, heat treatment. 2nd ed. Essen: Vulkan-Verlag, 2014.

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London), Engineering for Profit from Waste (Conference) (4th 1994. Engineering for Profit from WasteIV: Conference : 9-11 November 1994, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Birdcage Walk, London. [London]: Published for IMechE by Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1994.

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Deinking, Short Course (1996 Houston Tex ). 1996 Deinking Short Course: Wyndham Greenspoint Hotel, Houston, TX, June 10-12, 1996. Atlanta, Ga: TAPPI Press, 1996.

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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain) and Institute of Waste Managment (Northampton, England), eds. Engineering for profit from waste IV: Conference, 9-11 November, 1994, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Birdcage Walk, London. Suffolk: Mechanical Engineering Publications for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1994.

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Lukanin, Aleksandr. Engineering ecology: processes and devices sewage treatment and recycling of precipitation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22139.

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The book describes the composition and properties of wastewater, shows the main methods of sewage treatment, the basic techniques of sludge treatment, as well as hardware design of these processes. Also in the manual covers the methods, processes and devices for mechanical and biological wastewater treatment, as well as processing and recycling of sludge, are the methods of calculations related equipment. Compliant with the Federal state educational standard of the latest generation of higher education. The publication is intended for students directions "Technosphere safety" (20.03.01, 20.04.01), "Ecology and Nature" (05.03.06, 05.04.06), as well as the "Industrial Ecology and Biotechnology» (19.00.00). Also, the benefit will be useful to professionals working in the field of environmental engineering.
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Deinking, Short Course (1993 Indianapolis Ind ). 1993 Deinking Short Course: Westin Hotel Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 13-16. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press, 1993.

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Waste-to-Energy Conference (6th 1998 Miami Beach, Fla.). 6th Annual Waste-to-Energy Conference: Proceedings of a Specialty Conference sponsored by the Air & Waste Management Association, Integrated Waste Services Association, U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Lab, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste Association of North America, and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers : May 11-13, 1998, Miami Beach, FL. Sewickley, PA: Air & Waste Management Association, 1998.

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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain), Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain). Environmental Engineering Group., and Centre for the Exploitation of Science and Technology., eds. Opportunities for consumer waste recycling: Papers presented at a seminar organized by the Environmental Engineering Group of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in association with the Centre for the Exploitation of Science and Technology, and held at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers on 26 September 1991. London: Published by Mechanical Engineering Publications for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1991.

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F, Greenfield P., Nanyang Technological University, and University of Queensland, eds. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Technology, 19-21 June 1996, Singapore. Singapore: World Scientific, 1996.

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Nazarov, Vyacheslav, Roman Sandu, and Dmitriy Makarenkov. Technique and technology of combined processing of solid waste. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/996365.

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The educational manual provides information about industrial and domestic waste. The properties of the lithosphere and the soil components. The estimation of soil pollution by industrial and household waste. The peculiarities of classification of wastes and provides criteria for determining risk. Describe the General pattern of the combined methods of processing that use mechanical, physical, thermal and biothermal recycling processes. In detail the construction described granulating equipment, methods of intensification of processes, process flow sheets and engineering calculation methods. Special attention is given to the thermal methods of waste treatment, process lines, constructions of furnaces and reactors. On the basis of the system approach with use of data of environmental monitoring are considered the methodology for selecting the most available technology. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Intended for independent work of undergraduates majoring in 20.04.01 "Technospheric safety" (master level), 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety" (bachelor level), 18.03.01 "Chemical technology" 18.03.02 "Energy and resource saving processes in chemical technology, petrochemistry and biotechnology". Can be useful for engineers and technicians of chemical industry and related industries.
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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanical recycling"

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Schmiemann, Achim, Marco Amici, Thomas Schröder, Herman Van Roost, Eike Jahnke, Norbert Nießner, Hannah Mangold, Caroline Beyer, Jason Leadbitter, and Bianca Wilhelmus. "Mechanical Recycling." In Recycling of Plastics, 275–433. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569908570.008.

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Niessner, Norbert. "Mechanical Recycling." In Recycling of Plastics, 275–433. München, Germany: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-56990-857-0_8.

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Bay, Christian, Niko Nagengast, Hans-Werner Schmidt, Frank Döpper, and Christian Neuber. "Environmental Assessment of Recycled Petroleum and Bio Based Additively Manufactured Parts via LCA." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 669–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_75.

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AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) as much as sustainability aspects gained increasing attention in the last couple of years. The vision of resource-efficient manufacturing at batch size one is often claimed as an outstanding property of AM. Fused Filament Fabrication, as one of the most used AM technologies, satisfies this statement only in a restricted sense, through simple handling for non-experts and low-cost materials and machines. Next to performance-driven and process-influencing attributes, the question of a general ecological improvement through thermo-mechanical recycling rises. Therefore, recycling options of the thermoplastics are mandatory to explore. Based on the ISO 14040/44 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology two different geometries were environmentally assessed during a primary process cycle, using, and recycling. Each geometry was manufactured by a bio-based polymer and internationally produced (PLA) and petroleum-based locally produced polymer (PP) with a corresponding support filament. The methodological approach demonstrates an option how to evaluate the field of AM and recycling regarding environmental aspects. Furthermore, an adaption of the sensitivity towards industrial parameters (material/energy efficiency) showed an ecological benefit concerning recycling.
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Sharma, Ravinder, Rupinder Singh, Ajay Batish, and Nishant Ranjan. "Hybrid Mechanical and Chemical Recycling of Plastics." In Additive Manufacturing for Plastic Recycling, 37–50. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003184164-3.

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Keiser, Dennis, Birte Pupkes, Thorsten Otto, Matthias Reiß, Matthias Poggensee, Sonja Rehsöft, Antje Terno, Rafael Mortensen Ernits, and Michael Freitag. "Enabling Aircraft Recycling Through Information Sharing and Digital Assistance Systems." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 326–34. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77429-4_36.

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AbstractDue to the environmental targets of the aviation industry, opportunities for optimization are being explored along the entire life cycle of commercial aircraft. In this context, the recycling of aircraft is increasingly the focus in the aviation industry. Previous research work has therefore examined the overarching recycling process. However, current approaches to improve and increase the aircraft recycling are not sufficient to achieve the defined goals. Based on this motivation, this paper presents first the general challenges of aircraft recycling. Subsequently, the paper shows a conceptual framework whose focus is on the lifecycle phases as well as on its stakeholders and its data. Furthermore, a first conceptual data sharing architecture for the implementation of the approach is introduced. The operationalization in the form of a user interface for a digital assistance system which makes the data available to a recycler in a structured way concludes this paper.
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Wörner, Daniel, and Thomas Friedli. "Role of Recycling Towards a Sustainable Business Model: A Perspective on Industrial Assets." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 945–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_105.

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AbstractEquipment manufacturers (EMs) exhibit unsustainable operating patterns in linear production models by depleting finite materials. In this context, future business environments in industrial markets shift fundamentally and form a new sustainability paradigm stimulated by key drivers, e.g., end customer behavior. Considering the market shift, this research explores an overview of prerequisites in the transition toward a sustainable business model in industrial markets. Prior research exhibited product life cycle extensions for industrial assets facilitated by the most common R-principles “reuse”, “remanufacture”, and “recycle”. Leaning on previous research, recycling is instrumentalized for some materials, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For industrial assets, manufactured products, such implementation efforts for EMs fall short. Investigating the shortage, this study (1) scrutinizes the role of recycling in the transition towards a sustainable business model, (2) identifies appropriate characteristics of industrial assets facilitating recycling, and (3) evaluates parameters to operationalize a recycling value chain (RVC). In a practice-based project, involving a Swiss-based equipment manufacturing company, mixed methods are applied. The results propose key drivers and characteristics facilitating recycling efforts of industrial assets and parameters fostering an RVC. Future research should increase the number of sample EMs and scrutinize the role of various RVC actors to exceed present limitations.
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Laurmaa, Viktor, Jaan Kers, Kaspar Tall, Valdek Mikli, Dmitri Goljandin, Kristiina Vilsaar, Priidu Peetsalu, Mart Saarna, Riho Tarbe, and Lifeng Zhang. "Mechanical Recycling of Electronic Wastes for Materials Recovery." In Recycling of Electronic Waste II, 1–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118086391.ch1.

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Franco, Renan Louro Cardoso, Carsten Eichert, Charlotte Lücking, Lars Biermann, Mandy Paschetag, and Stephan Scholl. "revolPET®: An Innovative “Back-to-Monomer” Recycling Technology for the Open Loop Value Chain of PET and Polyester Composite Packaging and Textiles." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 175–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_20.

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AbstractNowadays there is a need for innovative solutions for composite materials in the packaging and textile sectors. These are formed by multilayer structures that improve technical performance however complicates recycling. Consequently, they are mostly sent to energy recovery or downgrade recycling processes. To avoid this, new recycling technologies are needed.The innovative “back-to-monomer” recycling technology “revolPET®” represents a solution for this challenge. In the process, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is selectively depolymerized to recover the monomers ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TA) for a new PET production. By an alkaline hydrolysis, the PET reacts continuously with a strong base in a twin-screw extruder. The average residence time in the extruder is less than one minute with a process yield up to 95%. Due to the mild depolymerization conditions, the other polymers remain chemically unchanged and can be easily separated. The produced monomers are regained in virgin quality and can achieve a 33% reduction on the greenhouse gases emissions if compared with the crude oil production route.In this contribution, the technology on a pilot scale as well as the results of the first scale-up investigations are presented and discussed with respect to technical maturity and environmental benefit.
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Srija, M., S. Bhandari, and T. L. Prasad. "Quaternary Recycling Studies for Desalination Membrane Management." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 121–32. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7264-5_9.

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Jassim, Ahmad K. "Thermo-Mechanical Process Using for Recycling Polystyrene Waste." In Re-Use and Recycling of Materials, 251–62. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003339304-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanical recycling"

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Mark, Frank E., Christian Niewerth, and Gerhard Slik. "Optimization of Instrument Panels to Assist Recycling Quota - Dismantling/Mechanical Recycling vs. ASR Treatment/Chemical Recycling." In 2001 Environmental Sustainability Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3741.

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Shabani, Mahsa, and Cameron J. Turner. "Analysis of Mechanical Chemical and Thermal Properties of PLA Filaments After Mechanical Recycling." In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-116824.

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Abstract Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a popular biopolymer used in additive manufacturing. In additive manufacturing, there are rafts, berms, and unfortunately, failed parts and support structures that will be discarded and therefore may end up in a landfill. While PLA is biodegradable, this is true only in certain circumstances. The degradation of PLA is naturally slow in the landfill, and it would need more methods (such as chemical hydrolysis) than the natural process to increase the degradability rate. In order to reduce the environmental impact of additive manufacturing, recycling of PLA is therefore desirable. In this paper, PLA was mechanically recycled into new filaments. Mechanical recycling is attractive as it can be readily performed even by individual small scale users. Suggested material preparation techniques found in the relevant literature were tested and a new material preparation process is presented that seems to resolve many issues occurring from using other techniques. Recycling was tested by three different extruders. The extruders were compared to find the most effective choice. Finally, virgin PLA, virgin PLA after additive manufacturing, recycled PLA, and recycled PLA after an additive manufacturing and recycling process were mechanically, thermally, and chemically tested to understand the changes experienced by the material during recycling process. The results demonstrate that the samples do not experience significant changes during recycling, and therefore, the recycled material has material properties comparable to virgin PLA without any impurities or significant property changes induced by the printing and recycling process.
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Tastet, Collin, and Basel Alsayyed. "Solar Recycling of Aluminum Cans." In ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-146112.

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Abstract Planet Earth receives about twelve hours of sunlight per day on average, but global warming poses a serious threat to its climate and ecosystems. One of the main causes of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere. Recycling is one of the many actions that can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and conserve natural resources. Examining the case of Jackson County, NC, where the solid waste and recycling department manages the collection and transportation of recyclable materials from the surrounding area. The transfer station in Jackson County oversees the collection of various recyclable resources, such as paper, cans, and aluminum. These materials are sorted and distributed by Curbside Management, a company based in Woodfin, NC. This transfer station handles about 1,400 tons of paper, 700 tons of cans, and 35 tons of aluminum per year. The cost of transporting these materials to the sorting facility is about $660 per load. Aluminum accounts for approximately 5% of the total recyclable materials, but it has a high market value of $1,231 per ton. According to the American Chemical Society, “Aluminum recycling is profitable because extracting this metal from aluminum ore is expensive, it pollutes the environment, and it consumes a significant amount of energy” [1]. Therefore, recycling aluminum not only saves money, but also reduces environmental impact and energy consumption. However, recycling aluminum is not without its challenges. For instance, Jackson County’s transfer station uses diesel trucks and electric lifts to store and collect recyclable goods. These vehicles and equipment consume fossil fuels and electricity, which generate greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to global warming. Thus, the question arises: how can we achieve zero emissions recycling? This paper hopes to expose the environmental and economic benefits of recycling aluminum and the challenges and opportunities for achieving zero-emission recycling. In addition, the paper will explore some practical solutions, modernizing the method of recycling aluminum cans and recovering their material using simple equipment that uses the sun’s energy to melt a material, instead of using electricity or other traditional sources that uses fossil fuel. This scope aims to investigate environmentally friendly recycling with zero carbon footprint, improving recycling efficiency, and implementing sustainable manufacturing techniques.
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Vladimirov, Victor, and Ioan Bica. "MECHANICAL RECYCLING: SOLUTIONS FOR GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2017.0020.

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Moritzer, Elmar, and Gilmar Heiderich. "Mechanical recycling of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheets." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-31: The 31st International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4942328.

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Sosale, Swaroop, Mehdi Hashemian, and Peihua Gu. "Product Modularization for Reuse and Recycling." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0019.

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Abstract Modular products consist of detachable modules, some of which may be recyclable, reusable or remanufacturable upon product retirement. This paper presents an integrated modular design methodology for environment conscious design and manufacturing. The methodology identifies the factors related to the design objectives, relates these factors to design components through interaction analysis, and clusters components into modules. An example is provided to illustrate the methodology and the algorithms.
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BOCCARUSSO, L. "Mechanical and chemical combined recycling process for CFRP scraps." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-63.

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Abstract. Composite materials are increasingly employed in many industrial sectors. Among others, carbon fibers are primarily used as reinforcing agents in high-performance composites with synthetic resin matrices such as epoxies, polyimides, vinyl esters, phenolics, and certain thermoplastics. However, when carbon fibers are coupled with thermosetting matrices, the resulting composites are not easily recyclable. When these products reach their end-of-life (EoL), there are several difficulties in their recycling and in the reuse of the carbon fiber reinforcement. Several recycling process methods exist, but one of the most promising and investigated in recent years is the mechanical one, which, unlike other approaches, does not require the use of high temperatures to decompose the polymeric matrix. However, the presence of residual matrix on the surface of the fibers negatively affects their potential reuse for the production of new composites. In comparison to well-known mechanical recycling methods such as shredding, crushing, and hammer milling processes, this work presents a combined recycling process comprising mechanical recycling by milling and a soft chemical treatment at temperatures significantly lower than those reached during conventional thermal recycling processes. Recycled fibers were then used to produce new composite laminates using an epoxy resin as the matrix. The effects of the chemical treatment on the adhesion between recycled fibers and the new resin were evaluated through pull-out and bending tests.
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Ji, Anqi, and Jihui Ma. "Recycling of Campus Waste Bicycles." In 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Mechanical Engineering (EMIM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emim-17.2017.74.

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Teixeira França Alves, Paulo Henrique, Abigail Clarke-Sather, Sam Carlson, and Angela Martini. "Theoretical Method for Characterizing Textile Failure Mechanics in Mechanical Recycling With Carded Drums." In ASME 2023 18th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2023-104361.

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Abstract Due to the increasing speed of production, sale, and discard of home and apparel products, recycling of textiles is important for supporting the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal of Responsible Consumption and Production. In 2020, textile production was estimated to be responsible for 35% of primary microplastics released into the environment, 20% of global clean water pollution, and 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In 2018 the US generated around 17 million tons of textile waste and only 14.7% was recycled. Drum-operated textile shredding, a commonly utilized mechanical textile recycling technique, is not yet fully characterized. Even though there are many shredding machines that perform this process, the parameters that influence high-quality fiber output have not been researched; discovering ways to improve reusable fiber output is still a challenge. This research investigates the theory behind carded (toothed) drum textile shredding including how to improve the process outcome in order to obtain more reusable fiber and fewer textile pieces and dust. The mechanics of the textiles and fibers under tensile and shear stresses from the drums and drum teeth respectively were described to relate the textile material failure behavior to shredding process fiber outputs. Focusing on the interactions of the feeding drums and shredding drum, the drum-textile and tooth-yarn failure mechanics were characterized. By decreasing the teeth size and increasing the relative speed between drums, it is expected to increase the shear failure ratio, thus improving the shredding system. With this, it is expected that manufacturing new and better materials from recycled fibers becomes a possibility.
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Eveloy, Vale´rie. "Anode Gas and Steam Recycling for Internal Methane Reforming SOFCs: Analysis of Carbon Deposition." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11012.

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The development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs) systems capable of direct internal reforming (DIR) of methane and higher hydrocarbons is being actively pursued. However, a major challenge with current state-of-the-art nickel-based anodes is their propensity to form deteriorous carbon deposits in DIR, unless excess steam is introduced in the fuel. Reduced fuel humidification levels are desirable from the viewpoints of cell performance, reliability and plant economics. This study explores the use of anodic fuel and steam recycling schemes as possible mitigation strategies against carbon deposits at fuel steam-to-carbon (S:C) ratios less than unity. Using a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model which couples momentum, heat, mass and charge transport with electrochemical and chemical reactions, the operation of a an internal reforming SOFC and spatial extent of carbon deposition within the anode are analyzed based on a thermodynamic analysis accounting for both the cracking and Boudouard reactions, for several fuel humidification and recycling conditions. 50% (mass %) fuel recycling is shown to be an effective mitigation strategy against carbon deposition at inlet xH2O/xCH4 ratios of 0.5 to 1, with only a minor portion of the cell inlet region affected by coking. For lower recycling ratios at the same fuel compositions, fuel recycling reduces the risk of coking, but does not eliminate it. For the SOFC configuration studied, at a S:C of 0.5, steam recycling is found to reduce the extent of carbon deposits by a magnitude comparable to that obtained using fuel recycling, providing that steam recycling ratios on order 25% higher than the fuel recycling ratios are applied. Steam recycling may therefore be considered advantageous, in terms of reduced overall mass flow. For a S:C = 0.5, the mitigating effect of steam recycling on the susceptibility to coking is through the directions of the cracking and Boudouard reactions, while fuel recycling has a positive impact on the cracking reaction only. The anodic gas recycling strategies considered could help extend the operational range of DIR-SOFCs to lower fuel humidification levels than typically considered, with reduced thermal stresses and risks of carbon deposits, while reducing system cost and complexity in terms of steam production.
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Reports on the topic "Mechanical recycling"

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Salvi, A., M. Ostrowska, and G. Dotelli. Mechanical recycling of bulk molding compound: a technical and environmental assessment. Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.cep.7.

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This study evaluates the technical and environmental feasibility of mechanically recycling post-industrial bulk molding compound (BMC) waste from the manufacturing of low voltage circuit breakers. Testing reveals that incorporating up to 10% recycled BMC as filler substitute maintains the required mechanical and electrical properties. A life cycle assessment shows that while replacing virgin fillers with recycled BMC has limited effects on the carbon footprint of the material, the overall product system benefits significantly by avoiding waste incineration. Moreover, optimized scenarios like maximizing recycled content and reducing transportations substantially reduce the environmental impacts. This study underscores the potential of circular production models to enhance sustainability in the thermoset composite industry
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Czaker, Sandra, Thomas Wieland, Moritz Mager, Mohammad Hassan Akhras, and Jörg Fischer. From PP waste to high-quality products: Decontamination of the material throughout the entire recycling process chain using state-of-the-art technologies. Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.cep.6.

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Turning waste into high-quality products should be the aim of recycling, but it requires considerable effort to separate specific materials from others, clean them properly, and reconvert them into products. Such a process chain of mechanical recycling of post‑consumer polypropylene (PP) from a mixed waste collection was conducted with an advanced combination of state‑of‑the‑art technologies considering the material’s decontamination throughout the different process steps. The levels of solid and volatile contamination were analyzed with an optical control system and a gas chromatographic method, respectively, and were found to decrease in varying amounts throughout the process. The results of this study represent the currently achievable qualities of recycled PP in mechanical recycling and, based on these findings, the recycling process can be further improved.
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Krempl, N., M. Fruehwirth, Z. Shahroodi, C. Holzer, E. Pinter, E. Jahn, V. H. Gabriel, and F. Aschermayer. Unlocking the potential of recycled polypropylene in food packaging. Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.cep.2.

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This study aims to enhance recycled polypropylene (rPP) for yogurt cups, promoting sustainable resource use and waste reduction. Analysis of sorting, recycling, and decontamination shows mechanical recycling of PP effectively generates new products. Experiments reveal pre-sorted, hot-washed, and color-sorted rPP has superior quality and is processable up to 100% recyclate content. Adding a masterbatch additive improves oxidative stability and reduces degradation. Biological, chemical, and sensory analyses confirm rPP cups match virgin PP in odor and appearance, with no mutagenic substances detected. This demonstrates the feasibility of high-quality rPP in food packaging, supporting sustainable practices in the circular economy.
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Mittermayr, D., W. Roland, and J. Fischer. Investigating the effect of liquid state decontamination on the material properties of post-consumer high impact polystyrene recyclate. Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.cep.8.

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The global focus on environmental sustainability has intensified the need for innovative plastic waste management solutions, especially in the food packaging industry. This study explores liquid state decontamination processes of recyclates produced by post-consumer waste recycling of polystyrene yogurt cups and their effects on the material properties of the recycled material. For this purpose, different decontamination processes based on a twin-screw extruder with vacuum degassing and an industrial-scale recycling machine were applied. Tests such as tensile testing, Charpy impact testing, melt flow rate (MFR) measurement, plate-plate rheometry, high-pressure capillary rheometry (HCR), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were conducted to assess the mechanical and thermo-rheological properties as well as the oxidation induction temperature as an indicator of polymer degradation. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the achievable properties of polystyrene from post-consumer waste and reveal insights into the different process-induced degradation processes of the recycled polystyrene.
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Saadeh, Shadi, and Pritam Katawał. Performance Testing of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2045.

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Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can save material costs and conserve many pavement industries’ resources. To successfully modify HMA with RAP and waste plastic, the modified HMA should exhibit similar or better performance compared to conventional HMA. In this study, recycled waste plastic, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and RAP were added to conventional HMA, separately and together. The mechanical properties of conventional and modified HMA were examined and compared. The fatigue cracking resistance was measured with the IDEAL Cracking (IDEAL CT) test, and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was conducted to investigate the rutting resistance of compacted HMA samples. The IDEAL CT test results showed that the cracking resistance was similar across plastic modified HMA and conventional HMA containing virgin aggregates. However, when 20% RAP aggregates were used in the HMA mix, the fatigue cracking resistance was found to be significantly lower in plastic modified HMA compared to conventional HMA. The rutting resistance from the HWT test at 20,000 passes was found to be similar in all conventional and modified HMA.
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Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.
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