Journal articles: 'Mechanical recycling'

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NAKAISHI, Naritaka. "Automobile Recycling Policy(Mechanical Systems for Recycling Oriented Society)." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 109, no. 1055 (2006): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.109.1055_807.

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Nemeša, Ineta, Marija Pešić, and Valentina Bozoki. "Mechanical recycling of textile waste." Tekstilna industrija 72, no. 4 (2024): 24–28. https://doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2404024n.

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During mechanical recycling several mechanical treatments are used to degrade textile waste and make it ready for new application in different other industries. Mechanical recycling process consists of several work steps. Pre or post-consumer textile waste is firstly cut in small pieces by a shredding machine. Blending boxes with different storage capacities are used to blend cut textile waste. A feeding unit is placed in between a blending box and a tearing machine. Tearing machines separate individual fibers by tearing small pieces of shredded textile material apart. At the end of the textile recycling process the opened fibers are compressed in needed size bundles to store and transport for their further use. Insufficiently sorted waste is the most serious problem that complicates mechanical recycling processes, reduces the quality of recycled fibers. Currently there are not available efficient methods to recycle coated, laminated textiles and materials with elastan. Compared with other recycling methods the mechanical recycling of textile waste has already decades of experience, it is the most developed, most widely used, requires much lower investments and energy resources.

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Strachala, David, Josef Hylský, Kristyna Jandova, Jiri Vaněk, and Š. Cingel. "Mechanical Recycling of Photovoltaic Modules." ECS Transactions 81, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/08101.0199ecst.

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Costa, André A., Pedro G. Martinho, and Fátima M. Barreiros. "Comparison between the Mechanical Recycling Behaviour of Amorphous and Semicrystalline Polymers: A Case Study." Recycling 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling8010012.

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The increase in waste has motivated the adoption of the circular economy concept, which assumes particular relevance in the case of plastic materials. This has led to research of new possibilities for recycling plastics after their end-of-life. To achieve this goal, it is fundamental to understand how the materials’ properties change after recycling. This study aims to evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties of recycled plastics, namely polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), glass fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6-GF30), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). With this purpose, injected samples were mechanically recycled twice and compared through thermal and mechanical tests, such as differential scanning calorimetry, hardness, tensile strength, and the melt flow rate. The results show that the amorphous materials used do not suffer significant changes in their properties but exhibit changes in their optical characteristics. The semicrystalline ones present some modifications. PET is the material that suffers the biggest changes, both in its flowability and mechanical properties. This work demonstrates that the mechanical recycling process may be an interesting possibility for recycling depending on the desired quality of final products, allowing for some materials to maintain comparable thermal and mechanical properties after going through the recycling process.

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Pin, Jean-Mathieu, Iman Soltani, Keny Negrier, and Patrick C. Lee. "Recyclability of Post-Consumer Polystyrene at Pilot Scale: Comparison of Mechanical and Solvent-Based Recycling Approaches." Polymers 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2023): 4714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15244714.

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Solvent-based and mechanical recycling technology approaches were compared with respect to each process’s decontamination efficiency. Herein, post-consumer polystyrene (PS) feedstock was recycled by both technologies, yielding recycled PS resins (rPS). The process feedstock was subjected to four recycling cycles in succession to assess the technology perennity. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the rPS were then evaluated to discern the advantages and drawbacks of each recycling approach. The molecular weight of the mechanically recycled resin was found to decrease by 30% over the reprocessing cycles. In contrast, the solvent-base recycling technology yielded a similar molecular weight regarding the feedstock. This consistency in the rPS product is critical for consumer applications. Further qualitative and quantitative analyses on residual organic compounds and inorganic and particulate contaminants were investigated. It was found that the solvent-based technology is very efficient for purifying deeply contaminated feedstock in comparison to mechanical recycling, which is limited to well-cleaned and niche feedstocks.

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Pan, Jun-qi, Zhi-feng Liu, Guang-fu Liu, Shu-wang Wang, and Hai-hong Huang. "Recycling process assessment of mechanical recycling of printed circuit board." Journal of Central South University of Technology 12, no. 2 (October 2005): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-005-0031-z.

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Finnerty, James, Steven Rowe, Trevor Howard, Shane Connolly, Christopher Doran, Declan M. Devine, Noel M. Gately, et al. "Effect of Mechanical Recycling on the Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040141.

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The present study investigates the feasibility of utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-based natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) in mechanical recycling. A conical twin screw extrusion (CTSE) process was utilized to recycle PLA and PLA-based NFRCs consisting of 90 wt.% PLA and a 10 wt.% proportion of either basalt fibers (BFs) or halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) for up to six recycling steps. The recycled material was then injection molded to produce standard test specimens for impact strength and tensile property analysis. The mechanical recycling of virgin PLA led to significant discoloration of the polymer, indicating degradation during the thermal processing of the polymer due to the formation of chromatophores in the structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with respect to increased recycling steps, indicating an increased content of crystallinity in the PLA. Impact strength testing showed no significant detrimental effects on the NFRCs’ impact strength up to six recycling steps. Tensile testing of PLA/HNT NFRCs likewise did not show major decreases in values when tested. However, PLA/BF NFRCs exhibited a significant decrease in tensile properties after three recycling steps, likely due to a reduction in fiber length beyond the critical fiber length. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surface of impact specimens revealed a decrease in fiber length with respect to increased recycling steps, as well as poor interfacial adhesion between BF and PLA. This study presents a promising initial view into the mechanical recyclability of PLA-based composites.

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Lou, Xi Yin. "Research on Mobile Mechanical Products of Recycling Method." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.91.

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How to make discarded mobile mechanical product implement material and components reuse and recycling economical in its all 1ife was the focus of green design. Aiming at the problems of the traditional design which is not considering recycling resources and the influences to the environment after the end of life of the productions, the concept and content of green design for recycling was introduced, in addition, the tactic of green design for recycling was included. At last, the method of realizing the mobile mechanical productions recycling is pointed out.

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Luu, Duc-Nam, Magali Barbaroux, Gaelle Dorez, Katell Mignot, Estelle Doger, Achille Laurent, Jean-Michel Brossard, and Claus-Jürgen Maier. "Recycling of Post-Use Bioprocessing Plastic Containers—Mechanical Recycling Technical Feasibility." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315557.

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Most of the plastic-based solutions used in bio-manufacturing are today incinerated after use, even the not “bio-contaminated”. Bioprocessing bags used for media and buffer preparation and storage represent the largest amount today. The aim of this work was to technically assess the feasibility of the mechanical recycling of bioprocessing bags. Materials from different sorting and recycling strategies have been characterized, for their suitability of further use. Quantitative physical and mechanical tests and analysis (FTIR, DSC, TGA, density, MFI, color, tensile, flexural, and Charpy choc) were performed. The data show that these recycled plastics could be oriented towards second use requiring physical properties similar to equivalent virgin materials. A comparative life cycle assessment, based on a theoretical framework, shows that mechanical recycling for end of life presents the advantage of keeping material in the loop, without showing a significant statistical difference compared to incineration with regards to the climate change indicator.

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La Mantia, Francesco Paolo. "Polymer Mechanical Recycling: Downcycling or Upcycling?" Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 20, no. 1 (February 2004): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060402000102.

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Ben Amor, Ichrak, Olga Klinkova, Mouna Baklouti, Riadh Elleuch, and Imad Tawfiq. "Mechanical Recycling and Its Effects on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyamides." Polymers 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2023): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234561.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of mechanical recycling on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 66 (PA66) in relation to their microstructures. Both PA6 and PA66 raw materials were reprocessed six times, and the changes in their properties were investigated as a function of recycling number. Until the sixth round of recycling, slight changes in the mechanical properties were detected, except for the percentage of elongation. For the physical properties, the change in both flexural strength and Young’s modulus followed a decreasing trend, while the trend in terms of elongation showed an increase. Microscopic analysis was performed on virgin and recycled specimens, showing that imperfections in the crystalline regions of polyamide 6 increased as the number of cycles increased.

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Gibson, Tom. "Recycling Robots." Mechanical Engineering 142, no. 01 (January 1, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2020-jan2.

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Abstract Robots have functioned for years on assembly lines, such as in automotive plants, where they perform the same task repetitively. This article explores how companies are coupling robotics with artificial intelligence in order to allow them to make the kinds of judgements needed in sorting recyclables. It isn’t the kind of high-profile task normally associated with machine learning, such as driving automobiles or finding cancerous growths in medical scans, but it could save recycling companies money.

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Sandu, Ionut-Laurentiu, Felicia Stan, and Catalin Fetecau. "Mechanical Recycling of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites: Processing, Thermal, Rheological, Mechanical and Electrical Behavior." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030583.

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Recycling polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites is not well common, despite a growing interest in using polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites in industrial applications. In this study, the influence of mechanical recycling on the thermal, rheological, mechanical and electrical behavior of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/CNT nanocomposites is investigated. EVA/CNT nanocomposite with different amounts of CNTs (1, 3 and 5 wt.%) was subjected to mechanical grinding and reprocessing by injection molding in a close-loop up to three cycles, and the changes induced by mechanical recycling were monitored by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), capillary rheology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrical resistance and tensile tests. It was found that the EVA/CNT nanocomposites did not exhibit significant changes in thermal and flow behavior due to mechanical recycling and reprocessing. The recycled EVA/CNT nanocomposites retain close to 75% of the original elastic modulus after three recycling cycles and about 80-90% in the tensile strength, depending on the CNT loading. The electrical conductivity of the recycled nanocomposites was about one order of magnitude lower as compared with the virgin nanocomposites, spanning the insulating to semi-conducting range (10−9 S/m–10−2 S/m) depending on the CNT loading. With proper control of the injection molding temperature and CNT loading, a balance between the mechanical and electrical properties of the recycled EVA nanocomposites can be reached, showing a potential to be used in practical applications.

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Shan, Chaoxia, Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo, and Hiroshi Onoda. "Environmental Impact of Plastic Recycling in Terms of Energy Consumption: A Comparison of Japan’s Mechanical and Chemical Recycling Technologies." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052199.

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In Japan, mechanical plastic recycling has been widely practiced. In recent years, the chemical recycling method has been gaining interest, especially due to its high-quality products similar to virgin materials. Understanding the environmental impact of both methods from the energy consumption standpoint is crucial so that attempts to preserve plastic resources can be based in the most energy-sustainable way. This research aims to determine the environmental impact of mechanical recycling and two types of chemical recycling technologies (coke oven and gasification) by analyzing their energy usage and environmental loads. The results relating to the electricity consumption and water usage show that mechanical recycling results in a 17% share of global warming potential (GWP), coke oven 51%, and gasification 32%. Although mechanical recycling results in a lower GWP, chemical recycling yields highly valuable products and byproducts that can be reused in its processes, such as steam and industrial water, reducing the overall environmental load. These recovered materials are also potentially useful for other industrial processes in an industrial symbiosis ecosystem.

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Müller, M. "Mechanical properties of composite material reinforced with textile waste from the process of tyres recycling." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, No. 3 (August 30, 2016): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/32/2015-rae.

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The paper deals with the polymeric fibre composite with the reinforcement on the basis of the waste from the process of the tyres recycling. The aim of the research was the use of the material of cleaned textile waste from the process of the tyres recycling. The secondary waste raw material was used as filler in the composite. The subject of performed experiments was the polymeric composite, whose continuous phase was in a form of a two-component epoxy adhesive (GlueEpox Rapid) and a discontinuous phase in a form of microfibers from the process of tyres recycling. The experiments results proved that the composite materials based on the textile waste from the process of the tyres recycling reached an increase of an impact strength, a tensile lap-shear strength and an elongation of the adhesive bond <br /> (to 2.5% vol.). The textile microfiller has a negative influence on the tensile strength and elongation of adhesives.

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Aldosari, Salem M., Bandar M. AlOtaibi, Khalid S. Alblalaihid, Saad A. Aldoihi, Khaled A. AlOgab, Sami S. Alsaleh, Dham O. Alshamary, Thaar H. Alanazi, Sami D. Aldrees, and Basheer A. Alshammari. "Mechanical Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer in a Circular Economy." Polymers 16, no. 10 (May 10, 2024): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101363.

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This review thoroughly investigates the mechanical recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs), a critical area for sustainable material management. With CFRPC widely used in high-performance areas like aerospace, transportation, and energy, developing effective recycling methods is essential for tackling environmental and economic issues. Mechanical recycling stands out for its low energy consumption and minimal environmental impact. This paper reviews current mechanical recycling techniques, highlighting their benefits in terms of energy efficiency and material recovery, but also points out their challenges, such as the degradation of mechanical properties due to fiber damage and difficulties in achieving strong interfacial adhesion in recycled composites. A novel part of this review is the use of finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the behavior of recycled CFRPCs, showing the potential of recycled fibers to preserve structural integrity and performance. This review also emphasizes the need for more research to develop standardized mechanical recycling protocols for CFRPCs that enhance material properties, optimize recycling processes, and assess environmental impacts thoroughly. By combining experimental and numerical studies, this review identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions. It aims to advance the development of sustainable, efficient, and economically viable CFRPC recycling methods. The insights from this review could significantly benefit the circular economy by reducing waste and enabling the reuse of valuable carbon fibers in new composite materials.

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Vidakis, Nectarios, Markos Petousis, Athena Maniadi, Emmanuel Koudoumas, Achilles Vairis, and John Kechagias. "Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene over Multiple Recycling Processes." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093568.

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Sustainability in additive manufacturing refers mainly to the recycling rate of polymers and composites used in fused filament fabrication (FFF), which nowadays are rapidly increasing in volume and value. Recycling of such materials is mostly a thermomechanical process that modifies their overall mechanical behavior. The present research work focuses on the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer, which is the second most popular material used in FFF-3D printing. In order to investigate the effect of the recycling courses on the mechanical response of the ABS polymer, an experimental simulation of the recycling process that isolates the thermomechanical treatment from other parameters (i.e., contamination, ageing, etc.) has been performed. To quantify the effect of repeated recycling processes on the mechanic response of the ABS polymer, a wide variety of mechanical tests were conducted on FFF-printed specimens. Regarding this, standard tensile, compression, flexion, impact and micro-hardness tests were performed per recycle repetition. The findings prove that the mechanical response of the recycled ABS polymer is generally improved over the recycling repetitions for a certain number of repetitions. An optimum overall mechanical behavior is found between the third and the fifth repetition, indicating a significant positive impact of the ABS polymer recycling, besides the environmental one.

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Petrovic, Jelena, Darko Ljubic, Marina Stamenovic, Ivana Dimic, and Slavisa Putic. "Tension mechanical properties of recycled glass-epoxy composite material." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 43 (2012): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1243189p.

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The significance of composite materials and their applications are mainly due to their good properties. This imposes the need for their recycling, thus extending their lifetime. Once used composite material will be disposed as a waste at the end of it service life. After recycling, this kind of waste can be used as raw materials for the production of same material, which raises their applicability. This indicates a great importance of recycling as a method of the renowal of composite materials. This study represents a contribution to the field of mechanical properties of the recycled composite materials. The tension mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) of once used and disposed glass-epoxy composite material were compared before and after the recycling. The obtained results from mechanical tests confirmed that the applied recycling method was suitable for glass-epoxy composite materials. In respect to the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity it can be further assessed the possibility of use of recycled glass-epoxy composite materials.

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Vidakis, Nectarios, Markos Petousis, and Athena Maniadi. "Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of High-Density Polyethylene over Multiple Recycling Processes." Recycling 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6010004.

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Polymer recycling is nowadays in high-demand due to an increase in polymers demand and production. Recycling of such materials is mostly a thermomechanical process that modifies their overall mechanical behavior. The present research work focuses on the recyclability of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), one of the most recycled materials globally, for use in additive manufacturing (AM). A thorough investigation was carried out to determine the effect of the continuous recycling on mechanical, structural, and thermal responses of HDPE polymer via a process that isolates the thermomechanical treatment from other parameters such as aging, contamination, etc. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) specimens were produced from virgin and recycled materials and were experimentally tested and evaluated in tension, flexion, impact, and micro-hardness. A thorough thermal and morphological analysis was also performed. The overall results of this study show that the mechanical properties of the recycled HDPE polymer were generally improved over the recycling repetitions for a certain number of recycling steps, making the HDPE recycling a viable option for circular use. Repetitions two to five had the optimum overall mechanical behavior, indicating a significant positive impact of the HDPE polymer recycling aside from the environmental one.

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Salim, Abdulswamad Rama, Amanda Empian Wong, Adrian Sabat Wong, Saira Tini, Paul Santa Maria, Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi, and Ateeb Hassan. "Review analysis of the technology on recycling processes for EV batteries." Future Sustainability 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fusus.1.1.1.

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The increase in use and demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has surged the need for battery recycling methods for these batteries. This report highlights a review analysis of a few recycling methods for EV batteries, such as direct recycling, mechanical recycling, hydrometallurgical recycling, and pyrometallurgical recycling. The purpose of this review is to understand the current state of the technology, the challenges of each method, and the future developments while considering factors such as efficiency, cost, waste production, and more. Direct recycling is reusing EV batteries without disassembling them, whereas mechanical recycling entails discharging, dismantling, crushing, and sorting them. Hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling processes both give considerable improvements in metal recovery, with hydrometallurgical recycling including acid leaching and pyrometallurgical recycling using metal extraction. Analyzing the various recycling methods for EV batteries, the effort to improve or innovate the methods will help achieve a more sustainable and effective method to address the EV battery waste, which promotes a circular economy.

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Qiu, Hao, Daniel Goldmann, Christin Stallmeister, Bernd Friedrich, Maximilian Tobaben, Arno Kwade, Christoph Peschel, et al. "The InnoRec Process: A Comparative Study of Three Mainstream Routes for Spent Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Based on the Same Feedstock." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (May 6, 2024): 3876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093876.

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Among the technologies used for spent lithium-ion battery recycling, the common approaches include mechanical treatment, pyrometallurgical processing and hydrometallurgical processing. These technologies do not stand alone in a complete recycling process but are combined. The constant changes in battery materials and battery design make it a challenge for the existing recycling processes, and the need to design efficient and robust recycling processes for current and future battery materials has become a critical issue today. Therefore, this paper simplifies the current treatment technologies into three recycling routes, namely, the hot pyrometallurgical route, warm mechanical route and cold mechanical route. By using the same feedstock, the three routes are compared based on the recovery rate of the six elements (Al, Cu, C, Li, Co and Ni). The three different recycling routes represent specific application scenarios, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. In the hot pyrometallurgical route, the recovery of Co is over 98%, and the recovery of Ni is over 99%. In the warm mechanical route, the recovery of Li can reach 63%, and the recovery of graphite is 75%. In the cold mechanical route, the recovery of Cu can reach 75%, and the recovery of Al is 87%. As the chemical compositions of battery materials and various doping elements continue to change today, these three recycling routes could be combined in some way to improve the overall recycling efficiency of batteries.

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Türkan, Oytun Tuğçe, and Esra Çetin. "Evaluating Combination of Solvent-Based Recycling and Mechanical Recycling of ABS Materials for Mitigating Plastic Pollution and Promoting Environmental Consciousness." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 672–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v3i1.410.

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Plastics continue to transform everyday life with their versatility, lightweight, and durability, although the escalating issue of plastic pollution necessitates urgent action. The surge in single-use plastics and a disposable culture worsens this problem, emphasizing the need to reduce plastic production, establish circular material models, and phase out single-use plastic products. Addressing the environmental impact of plastics requires the development of technologies enabling more efficient recycling solutions, converting waste plastics into harmless substances. Recycling methods, combining solvent-based recycling and mechanical recycling, are pivotal in this context. This study specifically focuses on the solvent-based and mechanical recycling of ABS materials. Wiring devices are prepared using a blend of 70% virgin ABS material and 30% recycled ABS (rABS) material, with this loop repeated three times. The aim is to evaluate the quality and acceptability of products derived from the blend of virgin and recycled ABS material after three times of cycle. Wiring devices, manufactured from mechanically ground broken ABS, undergo rigorous testing in each cycle. The experiments aim to assess the suitability and performance of recycled ABS material for mass production, facilitating an in-depth analysis of the material's life cycle. The mechanical test results demonstrate favorable outcomes for the recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (rABS) materials, indicating comparable performance to the reference ABS virgin grade. While a marginal reduction in impact strength and tensile strength is observed when juxtaposed with the reference ABS virgin grade, the overall mechanical characteristics of rABS, remain consistent through successive recycling loops. These findings underscore the viability and resilience of rABS materials, positioning them as promising candidates for sustainable and environmentally conscious applications within the realm of polymer engineering. Through these efforts, the study contributes to sustainable plastic management practices, aligning with the broader goal of mitigating plastic pollution and promoting a more environmentally conscious approach.

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Stallkamp, Christoph, Rebekka Volk, and Frank Schultmann. "The impact of secondary materials’ quality on assessing plastic recycling technologies." E3S Web of Conferences 349 (2022): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234905001.

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Global plastic production reached a new high in 2019. The high use of plastic leads to a high amount of plastic waste. Thereof, only 33% was collected for recycling in Europe. Plastic production depends on crude oil and energy and has high environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions. The recycling of plastic waste can reduce dependency on fossil resources, help reduce environmental impacts, and achieve sustainability goals. Currently, the chemical recycling of plastic is discussed to complement the existing mechanical recycling. Comparing the recycling technologies is needed to identify and establish the most environmentally and economically promising technology for each waste stream. However, the quality of the recovered material has a high impact on assessment results. This study discusses different assessment metrics for recycling technologies concerning the influence of recovered materials’ quality by material substitution rates and circularity potential. In a case study, mechanical and chemical recycling via pyrolysis of HDPE from lightweight packaging waste from Germany is assessed. Mechanical recycling has a lower climate change impact than chemical recycling for material substitution rates above 0.85. On the other hand, chemical recycling has a higher potential to close the plastic loop and retain plastics within the economy due to the higher secondary material quality. The assessment allows evaluating recycling options for the considered plastics from the German collection systems for packaging.

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Wronka, Anita, and Grzegorz Kowaluk. "The Influence of Multiple Mechanical Recycling of Particleboards on Their Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 8487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238487.

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This is a bridge between circular economy issues and wood-based panels technology, especially particleboards. Because these composites contain a significant amount of non-wood raw material (10–12% thermoset resin, high hardness laminates, among others), their mechanical recycling leads to an uncontrollable reduction in produced particle size. This problem can be especially significant since the particleboards can be intended for multiple recycling due to the shortening of their service life. This research aimed to produce particles in the cycle of multiple re-milling particleboards and evaluate the selected properties of the produced particles and particleboards. Thus, the response to the following scientific problem can be given: what factors qualitatively and quantitatively influence the properties of the particleboards produced by multi-re-milled particles? The novelty of this research is the approach to recycling the raw materials from particleboards in fully controlled conditions, providing the characterization of produced particles and producing particleboards with close-to-industrial parameters, and, finally, evaluating the features of produced particleboards in the light of raw materials used. The results confirmed that subsequent mechanical recycling of particleboards, where the other panels are made entirely of second-milling particles, leads to an unprofitable and unacceptable reduction in the mechanical properties of the panels. The physical parameters, such as thickness swelling and water absorption, are improved, but this can be the result of increased content of chemical ingredients, which negatively influence the hygienic features of panels (emission of formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds—TVOC). Further research should be directed towards estimating the optimal addition of mechanically recycled particles to particleboard production.

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Vidakis, Nectarios, Markos Petousis, Lazaros Tzounis, Athena Maniadi, Emmanouil Velidakis, Nikolaos Mountakis, and John D. Kechagias. "Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyamide 12 over Multiple Recycling Processes." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020466.

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Plastic waste reduction and recycling through circular use has been critical nowadays, since there is an increasing demand for the production of plastic components based on different polymeric matrices in various applications. The most commonly used recycling procedure, especially for thermoplastic materials, is based on thermomechanical process protocols that could significantly alter the polymers’ macromolecular structure and physicochemical properties. The study at hand focuses on recycling of polyamide 12 (PA12) filament, through extrusion melting over multiple recycling courses, giving insight for its effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) manufactured specimens throughout the recycling courses. Three-dimensional (3D) FFF printed specimens were produced from virgin as well as recycled PA12 filament, while they have been experimentally tested further for their tensile, flexural, impact and micro-hardness mechanical properties. A thorough thermal and morphological analysis was also performed on all the 3D printed samples. The results of this study demonstrate that PA12 can be successfully recycled for a certain number of courses and could be utilized in 3D printing, while exhibiting improved mechanical properties when compared to virgin material for a certain number of recycling repetitions. From this work, it can be deduced that PA12 can be a viable option for circular use and 3D printing, offering an overall positive impact on recycling, while realizing 3D printed components using recycled filaments with enhanced mechanical and thermal stability.

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Jeong, Seonghyeon, Anne Ladegaard Skov, and Anders Egede Daugaard. "Recycling of dielectric electroactive materials enabled through thermoplastic PDMS." RSC Advances 12, no. 14 (2022): 8449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00421f.

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A new recycling method for silver-coated DEAs produced from thermoplastic elastomers. Recycled DEAs retain their dielectric and mechanical properties in five recycling loops in contrast to direct recycling that only permitted a single recycling loop.

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Xiao, Xuan, Ci Gao, Hai Qiang Zhao, Li Yuan Sheng, and Lan Zhang Zhou. "Investigation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Directional Solidified DZ417G Alloy with Different Proportion of Recycling Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.46.

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The DZ417G alloy with different proportion of recycling material was fabricated by directional solidification, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the directionally solidified alloy changes little, which indicates the recycling material has little effect of on the alloy. However, the ductility of the directional solidified alloy with different proportion of recycling material changes greatly. With the increase of the recycling materials, the mechanical properties of the alloy decrease firstly and then increase a little and decrease at last. But the strength of the alloy almost has no change. The alloy with 70%recycle material has the relative better mechanical properties.

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Sproul, Evan, Michelle Williams, Mitchell L. Rencheck, Matthew Korey, and Brandon L. Ennis. "Life cycle assessment of wind turbine blade recycling approaches in the United States." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1293, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1293/1/012027.

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Abstract Most wind turbine blades reaching end-of-life are sent to landfill where embedded cost, energy, and materials are lost. To avoid landfilling future blades, a broad range of recycling and material recovery approaches have been proposed as solutions in the U.S., each with benefits, challenges, and varying levels of technical maturity. The approaches include 1) cement co-processing, 2) mechanical recycling, 3) pyrolysis, 4) microwave pyrolysis and 5) solvolysis. While these approaches are all capable of recovering various forms of materials for use in secondary markets, there are trade-offs between material circularity, reducing harmful environmental emissions, and cost-effectiveness for the U.S. market. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a critical step needed to compare these trade-offs and determine where future research and development should be focused. As a result, some previous LCA has been performed on recycling approaches. However, attempts to quantify and compare greenhouse gas emissions across a broad range of technologies have been limited, particularly within the U.S. market where landfill availability and costs do not hinder disposing of wind blades. This work addresses this limitation by presenting a detailed comparison of LCA greenhouse gas emissions and material yields from a range of wind turbine blade recycling approaches in the U.S. The LCA presented in this work includes baseline results, as well as a variety of sensitivity and scenario analyses that look at the impact of process modelling uncertainty, future energy mixes, and other critical input parameters. Overall, results show that mechanical recycling and microwave pyrolysis have the lowest net greenhouse gas emissions. However, the value of mechanically recycled materials is highly uncertain, as mechanical recycling generates a mixed feedstock that may underperform compared to virgin materials. Cement co-processing has higher net emissions than mechanical recycling or microwave pyrolysis but does generate a value-added feedstock that offsets virgin material from mining for cement production. Other advanced thermal and chemical recycling methods such as pyrolysis and solvolysis have higher net emissions due to increased energy consumption but are also highly sensitive to thermal energy sources within the model.

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Lanz, Inés Eugenia, Elena Laborda, Cecilia Chaine, and María Blecua. "A Mapping of Textile Waste Recycling Technologies in Europe and Spain." Textiles 4, no. 3 (August 28, 2024): 359–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles4030022.

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Textiles are composed of different types of fibers; thus, different processes for end-of-life recovery are currently applied. After collection, a prior sorting process is essential to classify the textiles and assess their quality in order to ensure that the best available technology is selected, with mechanical recycling being the most widespread and mature. Nevertheless, it still has important limitations as it is not suitable for the treatment of all fibers, especially those of non-organic origin and blends. On the other hand, chemical recycling appears to be a necessary technology to valorize the fibers that cannot be reused or mechanically recycled and to avoid landfilling. This article aims to provide an overview of the available technologies in the field of textile waste recycling, including collection, pretreatment, and mechanical and chemical recycling processes. Each technology is described identifying pros and cons, and a techno-economical assessment is presented including technology readiness levels (TRLs), investments, and costs. European and Spanish regulations and policies on textile waste are analyzed to identify the trends and directions the sector is moving towards.

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Damayanti, Damayanti, Latasya Adelia Wulandari, Adhanto Bagaskoro, Aditya Rianjanu, and Ho-Shing Wu. "Possibility Routes for Textile Recycling Technology." Polymers 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213834.

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The fashion industry contributes to a significant environmental issue due to the increasing production and needs of the industry. The proactive efforts toward developing a more sustainable process via textile recycling has become the preferable solution. This urgent and important need to develop cheap and efficient recycling methods for textile waste has led to the research community’s development of various recycling methods. The textile waste recycling process can be categorized into chemical and mechanical recycling methods. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art regarding different types of textile recycling technologies along with their current challenges and limitations. The critical parameters determining recycling performance are summarized and discussed and focus on the current challenges in mechanical and chemical recycling (pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal, ammonolysis, and glycolysis). Textile waste has been demonstrated to be re-spun into yarn (re-woven or knitted) by spinning carded yarn and mixed shoddy through mechanical recycling. On the other hand, it is difficult to recycle some textiles by means of enzymatic hydrolysis; high product yield has been shown under mild temperatures. Furthermore, the emergence of existing technology such as the internet of things (IoT) being implemented to enable efficient textile waste sorting and identification is also discussed. Moreover, we provide an outlook as to upcoming technological developments that will contribute to facilitating the circular economy, allowing for a more sustainable textile recycling process.

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Uggiosi, D., M. Delogu, F. Del Pero, and L. Berzi. "Mechanical separation models for material recycling applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1038, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1038/1/012019.

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Maris, Joachim, Sylvie Bourdon, Jean-Michel Brossard, Laurent Cauret, Laurent Fontaine, and Véronique Montembault. "Mechanical recycling: Compatibilization of mixed thermoplastic wastes." Polymer Degradation and Stability 147 (January 2018): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.11.001.

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Miao, Yiwen. "Research on Plastic Recycling from a Global Perspective and PET Recycling Schemes in Hong Kong." Theoretical and Natural Science 72, no. 1 (December 26, 2024): 80–85. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2024.18875.

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This paper first introduces the global production volume and types of plastics, their impacts on the environment, and the current treatment status. Then it elaborates on the plastic recycling situations in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Bernburg, Germany respectively. In Hong Kong, the plastic recycling rate is low, and landfill is the main treatment method, facing problems such as high transportation costs and low plastic density. Taiwan performs outstandingly in resource recycling with a high garbage recycling rate. Bernburg, Germany processes plastic waste through strict classification, incineration, and recycling factories. The article also details specific measures for the recycling object PET, including methods such as mechanical recycling, incineration, and landfill, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it proposes feasible schemes for managing plastic waste in Hong Kong, such as garbage classification, mobilizing residents to recycle, building recycling stations, and internal digestion. It also analyzes the mechanical recycling technology for handling PET bottles in Hong Kong and the economic and environmental benefits of this project.

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Cafiero, Lorenzo Maria, Doina De Angelis, Letizia Tuccinardi, and Riccardo Tuffi. "Current State of Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste: A Focus on the Italian Experience." Sustainability 17, no. 3 (February 5, 2025): 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031293.

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With a value of 400.3 Mt, the global plastics production increased in 2022 with a plus of 2.5 wt% compared to the previous years. Unfortunately, plastic waste is often disposed of inappropriately, causing environmental problems and an avoidable waste of resources. In 2019, the European Circular Economy Action Plan was issued to encourage plastic recycling. Nevertheless, at the end of 2022, post-consumer mechanically recycled plastics in Europe accounted only for 13.2 wt% of the European plastic production (58.8 Mt). Mechanical recycling fails to recycle mixed, partially degraded, or contaminated plastic waste. Then, there is an acute demand for new, efficient, and cost-effective recycling technologies to fill the gap left by mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling is considered a complementary alternative because it can process waste streams composed of heterogenous and difficult plastics. Currently in Europe, around 58.8 kt (0.1 wt%) of plastic production was obtained by chemically recycled plastics, but the road is marked. The Plastic Europe association announces that its members are going to produce 2.8 Mt of chemically recycled plastics by 2030. Mixed plastic waste is the main target, and pyrolysis and gasification, identified as the suitable technologies for its treatment, represent 80 wt% of the planned capacities.

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Schlossnikl, Jessica, Elisabeth Pinter, Mitchell P. Jones, Thomas Koch, and Vasiliki-Maria Archodoulaki. "Unexpected obstacles in mechanical recycling of polypropylene labels: Are ambitious recycling targets achievable?" Resources, Conservation and Recycling 200 (January 2024): 107299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107299.

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Lamtai, Alae, Said Elkoun, Mathieu Robert, Frej Mighri, and Carl Diez. "Mechanical Recycling of Thermoplastics: A Review of Key Issues." Waste 1, no. 4 (October 4, 2023): 860–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/waste1040050.

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During the last decade, the consumption of plastics has increased highly in parallel with plastic waste. The transition towards a circular economy is the only way to prevent the environment from landfilling and incineration. This review details the recycling techniques with a focus on mechanical recycling of polymers, which is the most known and developed technique in industries. The different steps of mechanical recycling have been highlighted, starting from sorting technologies to the different decontamination processes. This paper covers degradation mechanisms and ways to improve commodity polymers (Polyolefins), engineering polymers (PET, PA6), and bio-sourced polymers (PLA and PHB).

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Anjali. "Evaluating the Environmental and Energy Implications of Solar Panel Recycling in India: A Sustainability Assessment." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 8s (February 4, 2025): 439–47. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i8s.1084.

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Solar panel recycling is crucial for resource conservation, economic opportunities, and environmental impact reduction. Among different recycling methods, this study finds mechanical recycling to be most suitable for India, efficiently recovering valuable materials like silicon, silver, and cadmium/tellurium. Various recycling methods used globally were reviewed, however we specifically explore India’s context , where by 2030, solar panel waste is projected to reach 340,000 tons, highlighting the urgent need for effective recycling strategies. Our study shows that mechanical recycling can recover 85% of silicon, 70% of silver, and 60% of cadmium/tellurium, with estimated costs of ₹22/kg for silicon, ₹90,000/kg for silver, and ₹150,000/kg for cadmium/tellurium. Embracing these methods could reduce imports, benefitting both the economy and the environment.

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Estelita, Sérgio, Guilherme Janson, Kelly Chiqueto, and Eduardo Silveira Ferreira. "Effect of Recycling Protocol on Mechanical Strength of Used Mini-Implants." International Journal of Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/424923.

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Purpose. This study evaluated the influence of recycling process on the torsional strength of mini-implants.Materials and Methods. Two hundred mini-implants were divided into 4 groups with 50 screws equally distributed in five diameters (1.3 to 1.7 mm): control group (CG): unused mini-implants, G1: mini-implants inserted in pig iliac bone and removed, G2: same protocol of group 1 followed by sonication for cleaning and autoclave sterilization, and G3: same insertion protocol of group 1 followed by sonication for cleaning before and after sandblasting (Al2O3-90 µ) and autoclave sterilization. G2 and G3 mini-implants were weighed after recycling process to evaluate weight loss (W). All the screws were broken to determine the fracture torque (FT). The influence of recycling process on FT and W was evaluated by ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and multiple linear regression analysis.Results. FT was not influenced by recycling protocols even when sandblasting was added. Sandblasting caused weight loss due to abrasive mechanical stripping of screw surface. Screw diameter was the only variable that affected FT.Conclusions. Torsional strengths of screws that underwent the recycling protocols were not changed. Thus, screw diameter choice can be a more critical step to avoid screw fracture than recycling decision.

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Beg, M. D. H., and K. L. Pickering. "Recycling and Its Effects on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.497.

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This study investigates the effect of recycling/reprocessing on the physical and mechanical properties of composites based on radiata pine (Pinus Radiata) fibre and polypropylene (PP) with a maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent, produced using a twin-screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. Composites containing 40wt% fibre and 4wt% MAPP were assessed mechanically and thermally, as well as for moisture absorption after being recycled up to eight times. Both the tensile strength (TS) and Young’s modulus (YM) of composites were found to decrease linearly from 41 MPa and 4556 MPa respectively to 31 MPa and 3800 MPa for composites recycled eight times. However, the elongation at break was found to increase with increased recycling due to fibre damage that occurred during reprocessing and the associated reduction of average fibre length, found to decrease from 2.36mm to 0.37mm after recycling eight times. Thermal stability and moisture resistance of composites improved with recycling due to the improvement of interfacial bonding between fibre and matrix.

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Beltrán, F. R., I. Barrio, V. Lorenzo, B. del Río, J. Martínez Urreaga, and M. U. de la Orden. "Valorization of poly(lactic acid) wastes via mechanical recycling: Improvement of the properties of the recycled polymer." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 2 (September 11, 2018): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18798448.

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biobased polymer that represents one of the most interesting alternatives to fossil-fuel based polymers in food packaging applications. Most of the PLA used in food packaging is used only once and then discarded, even though the PLA types used in packaging have good properties and stability. Therefore, it seems reasonable to consider the possibility of recycling the used polymer through a mechanical recycling process. The main aims of this work are to study the effect of the mechanical recycling on the properties of PLA and the usefulness of different upgrading methods to obtain recycled PLA with improved properties. A commercial type of PLA was subjected to accelerated thermal, photochemical and hydrolytic aging and then reprocessed. During reprocessing, aged PLA was blended with virgin PLA and a commercial chain extender was added. Results point out that recycling causes the degradation of PLA, and negatively affects the thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, addition of virgin PLA, and the chain extender, led to an increase of up to 9% in the intrinsic viscosity and 8% in the Vickers hardness of the recycled material. These results suggest that mechanically recycled PLA with improved performance can be obtained, a fact which might improve the recyclability of PLA and thus the environmental impact of this material.

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Damayanti, Damayanti, Desi Riana Saputri, David Septian Sumanto Marpaung, Fauzi Yusupandi, Andri Sanjaya, Yusril Mahendra Simbolon, Wulan Asmarani, Maria Ulfa, and Ho-Shing Wu. "Current Prospects for Plastic Waste Treatment." Polymers 14, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 3133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153133.

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The excessive amount of global plastic produced over the past century, together with poor waste management, has raised concerns about environmental sustainability. Plastic recycling has become a practical approach for diminishing plastic waste and maintaining sustainability among plastic waste management methods. Chemical and mechanical recycling are the typical approaches to recycling plastic waste, with a simple process, low cost, environmentally friendly process, and potential profitability. Several plastic materials, such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polyurethanes, can be recycled with chemical and mechanical recycling approaches. Nevertheless, due to plastic waste’s varying physical and chemical properties, plastic waste separation becomes a challenge. Hence, a reliable and effective plastic waste separation technology is critical for increasing plastic waste’s value and recycling rate. Integrating recycling and plastic waste separation technologies would be an efficient method for reducing the accumulation of environmental contaminants produced by plastic waste, especially in industrial uses. This review addresses recent advances in plastic waste recycling technology, mainly with chemical recycling. The article also discusses the current recycling technology for various plastic materials.

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Pengxian, Fan, Wang Jiabo, Shi Yehui, Wang Derong, Tan Jinzhong, and Dong Lu. "Recycle of resin-based analogue material for geo-mechanical model test." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18798701.

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Analogue materials are widely used to simulate prototype rocks in geo-mechanical model tests. The large amounts of solid waste generated by a large-scale model test has always posed problems for studies. The re-use of analogue materials can significantly reduce the cost of geo-mechanical model tests and the resulting environmental problems. However, despite the environmental and economic benefits, there have been few reports on the re-use of analogue materials. In this work, a recycling method for a resin-based analogue material is studied experimentally. More than 300 samples were prepared and tested. By adding a certain amount of resin in solution form to the recycled material, regenerated samples with properties consistent with those of the samples prior to recycling were obtained. Based on a comparative analysis of the test data, an equation is proposed for the calculation of the appropriate amount of resin addition in the recycling process. Thus, a simple and effective recycling method is established for a resin-based analogue material. Verification was performed by independent tests on three group samples with different proportions, and the possibility of repeated recycling was also confirmed. The proposed recycling method makes the cyclic utilization of resin-based analogue material possible and is helpful for reducing the cost and pollution of geo-mechanical model tests.

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Myhre, Marvin, and Duncan A. MacKillop. "Rubber Recycling." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 75, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 429–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547678.

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Abstract For both environmental and economic reasons, there is a continuing broad based interest in recycling of scrap rubber and development of recycling technologies. The use of post- industrial scrap is established as a systematic business. However, the disposal and reuse of scrap tires remains a serious environmental concern and a business opportunity. The method for reclaiming rubber utilizing aqueous alkaline solutions has been abandoned in North America because of environmental pollution hazards. The focus of more recent research is to apply processes that do not generate disposal hazards and that might be carried out directly in the product manufacturer's factory. The major process at the present time is to utilize the scrap rubber as a very finely ground crumb. Crumb is produced either by ambient temperature mechanical grinding or by cryogenic shattering. In general, the crumb rubber is combined with virgin elastomer compounds to reduce cost. However, there is some loss in physical properties and performance. This factor has motivated the search for cost effective in-situ regeneration or devulcanization of the scrap rubber to provide superior properties. Some progress has been achieved utilizing mechanical shear, heat and other energy input, and a combination of chemicals such as oils, accelerators, amines, etc. to reduce the concentration of sulfur crosslinks in the vulcanized rubber. The major application of scrap rubber, particularly as crumb, is outside the conventional rubber industry. More than half of the scrap is burned for its fuel value for generation of electricity and as a component in cement production. The utilization in extension of asphalt in road construction is now recognized to provide superior road performance and reduced cost. The simple use of crumb rubber as a component in artificial turf is developing into a significant industry. Rubber crumb is now widely utilized in rubber products such as mats, floor tiles, carpet undercushion, etc., where the crumb is rebonded using polyurethane or latex adhesives. Other applications, such as in landfill, concrete, thermoplastic blends, pyrolysis to generate carbon black and chemicals, are discussed. The tire industry does utilize a significant proportion of fine crumb rubber in tire compounds. This is likely to not increase much due to the concern about tire performance and safety. However, there is a serious interest by tire manufacturers to increase the use of scrap tire rubber, if the recycled rubber could be regenerated to improve compatibility and performance in tire compounds.

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TAGUCHI, Seiji. "Recycling and Environmental problem. Recycling of steel products." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 46, no. 11 (1996): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.46.533.

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FUJISAWA, Kazuhisa, Toshimitsu TAKAHASHI, Tomoji TAKAHASHI, Kenji OOSUMI, Minoru FUKUDA, and Takashi NAKAMURA. "Recycling and Environmental problem. Recycling of aluminum UBC." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 46, no. 11 (1996): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.46.582.

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Marsavina, Liviu, Vlad Dohan, and Sergiu-Valentin Galatanu. "Mechanical Evaluation of Recycled PETG Filament for 3D Printing." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 18, no. 70 (September 21, 2024): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.70.18.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing various industries by enabling the creation of complex structures with minimal waste. In the context of a circular economy, the importance of recycling cannot be overstated, as it plays a crucial role in reducing environmental impact and conserving resources. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of PETG in the context of recycling for 3D printing applications. With plastic waste posing significant environmental challenges, the pursuit of sustainable solutions is paramount. PETG has emerged as a promising material in additive manufacturing due to its favorable properties, but its sustainability remains a concern. Through mechanical testing, including tensile, compression, and impact tests, PETG specimens are evaluated after one cycle of recycling and reutilization.

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Sorte, Sandra, Nelson Martins, Mónica S. A. Oliveira, German L. Vela, and Carlos Relvas. "Unlocking the Potential of Wind Turbine Blade Recycling: Assessing Techniques and Metrics for Sustainability." Energies 16, no. 22 (November 17, 2023): 7624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227624.

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The rapid growth of the wind energy industry has resulted in a significant increase in Wind Turbine Blade (WTB) waste, posing challenges for recycling due to the composite materials used in their construction. Several proposed techniques, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes, have been considered for wind-blade recycling, but determining the most effective approach remains a critical issue. This study presents the first comprehensive systematic review of available wind-blade recycling processes, evaluating their economic, technical, and environmental performance. Additionally, we consider the physical and mechanical properties of the recycled materials, which can aid in identifying potential markets for these materials. Among the various recycling technologies, microwave pyrolysis emerges as the most promising technique for recycling large quantities of WTB, despite some challenges and uncertainties surrounding its effectiveness and feasibility at an industrial scale. However, the optimal recycling technique for WTB will depend on multiple factors, including the blade material, the desired environmental impact, and the economic feasibility of the process. Based on this review, mechanical recycling appears to be more energy-efficient, while the fluidised bed recycling process demonstrates a lower primary energy demand, global warming potential, and power consumption. These findings provide valuable guidance for decision-makers in the wind energy industry to develop effective waste management strategies and plans for sustainable wind energy development. Addressing WTB waste and implementing efficient recycling techniques will be critical in mitigating environmental impacts and promoting sustainability in the renewable energy sector as the wind energy industry grows.

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Babaremu, Kunle, Adedapo Adediji, Nmesoma Olumba, Silifat Okoya, Esther Akinlabi, and Muyiwa Oyinlola. "Technological Advances in Mechanical Recycling Innovations and Corresponding Impacts on the Circular Economy of Plastics." Environments 11, no. 3 (February 21, 2024): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments11030038.

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The impact of plastic pollution on the world and its inhabitants is yet to be fully measured. Significant quantities of microplastics and nanoplastics have been found in human organs, and many diseases have been traced to their presence. Even human placentas have been found to contain microplastics. This study examines the recycling landscape, advanced reprocessing techniques, and technical challenges in this industry. It points out the top recyclable types of plastics (such as high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and thermoplastic elastomers) by analyzing their different recycling capacities globally. It highlights the most advisable recycling techniques by identifying those most successful, least environmentally damaging, and easiest. Mechanical recycling is arguably the easiest and most common recycling technique. This study examines mechanical reprocessing technologies for construction materials, composite boards, additive manufacturing, and other applications. It also points out prevailing setbacks of these approaches and analyzes different solutions. Promising recycling processes are suggested for further investigation.

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Zhou, Hao, Gui Xia Zhang, Gao Feng Sun, and Chu Li. "The Influence of Temperature Sensitivity of Cold Recycling Materials on the Pavement Structure Mechanical State." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.976.

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The cold recycled materials have temperature sensitivity; both the modules and the strength will decrease with the increase of temperature, which will change the mechanical state of pavement structure. The temperature sensitivity of cold recycling materials may produce failure. Two typical pavement structures, which have been used in practical project, were selected in the analysis. The result shows that the mechanical state of cold recycling pavement without semi-rigid base will be improved in hot summer, while the mechanical state of the cold recycling pavement without semi-rigid base will be deteriorated in hot summer which may produce adverse state.

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Korley, LaShanda T. J., Thomas H. Epps, Brett A. Helms, and Anthony J. Ryan. "Toward polymer upcycling—adding value and tackling circularity." Science 373, no. 6550 (July 1, 2021): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg4503.

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Plastics have revolutionized modern life, but have created a global waste crisis driven by our reliance and demand for low-cost, disposable materials. New approaches are vital to address challenges related to plastics waste heterogeneity, along with the property reductions induced by mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling and upcycling of polymers may enable circularity through separation strategies, chemistries that promote closed-loop recycling inherent to macromolecular design, and transformative processes that shift the life-cycle landscape. Polymer upcycling schemes may enable lower-energy pathways and minimal environmental impacts compared with traditional mechanical and chemical recycling. The emergence of industrial adoption of recycling and upcycling approaches is encouraging, solidifying the critical role for these strategies in addressing the fate of plastics and driving advances in next-generation materials design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical recycling'

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