Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanism of fracture

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanism of fracture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanism of fracture"

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Liu, Hong, Jiang Xin Feng, Ya Long Zhang, Yi Xing Yue, Tao Zhang, and Yu Pan. "Mechanism for Network Fracturing in Natural Fractured Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.718.

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By the methods of in-house experiment and theory analysis, the fracture initiation, stretch and interconnected mechanism of natural fracture is studied in the fracturing process of main fracture and branch fracture extending. The results have shown that, the hydraulic fracture in fractured formation is composed of a few main fractures in large size and many s secondary fractures in small size. The main fracture has the extending trend with the maximum crustal stress direction. The direction of sub fracture is network along the maximum crustal stress. The higher the degree of natural fractures, the difference between maximum and minimum crustal stress smaller. And the natural fracture is easier to form larger fracture. Fracture orientation and fracture width are determined by different combinations of natural fractures and the relative orientation with the maximum crustal stress.
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Boszczyk, Andrzej, and Stefan Rammelt. "Ankle fracture – correlation of Lauge-Hansen classification and patient reported fracture mechanism." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00165.

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Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: The genetic Lauge-Hansen classification is considered to provide a link between mechanism of ankle injury and resulting fracture morphology. In this study, we addressed the question of agreement between the mechanism of the fracture as postulated by the Lauge-Hansen classification and mechanism reported by the patient in rotational ankle fractures. Understanding of the actual mechanisms of ankle fracture may guide treatment decisions. Methods: Of 110 screened patients with acute malleolar fractures, 78 were able to provide information on their fracture mechanism and were included in the study. The study group consisted of 43 women and 35 men with a mean age of 47.8 (range 19.5-88.4) years. Patients were asked to describe the direction of deformation with primary question being pronation and supination as demonstrated by the examiner. As hyperplantarflexion and hyperdorsiflexion has been spontaneously reported by the patients, these directions were added to the analysis. Radiographs were analyzed according to Lauge-Hansen classification and compared with fracture mechanisms reported by the patients. Results: The majority (35/78 = 44.8%) of patients reported pronation as their fracture mechanism, 27 (34.6%) patients reported supination, 15 (19.2%) patients reported hyperplantarflexion (3 pure, one combined with pronation and 11 combined with supination), and 1 patient reported hyperdorsiflexion combined with pronation. Radiographs revealed 61 supination-external rotation (79%), 1 supination-adduction (1.3%), 14 pronation-external rotation (18%), 1 pronation-abduction (1.3%) fractures. One x-ray was unclassifiable with the Lauge-Hansen classification. The patient reported mechanisms were in concordance with the mechanism deducted from the x-rays in 49% of cases. Only 17% of patients who recalled a pronation trauma actually had radiographs classified as pronation fractures while 76% of patients who recalled a supination trauma were also radiographically classified as having sustained supination type fractures. Conclusion: The Lauge-Hansen classification should be used with caution for determining the actual mechanism of injury as it was able to predict the patient reported fracture mechanism in less than 50% of cases. A substantial percentage of fractures appearing radiographically as supination type injuries may have been actually produced by a pronation fracture mechanism.
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Baird, Alan F., J. Michael Kendall, and Doug A. Angus. "Frequency-dependent seismic anisotropy due to fractures: Fluid flow versus scattering." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): WA111—WA122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0288.1.

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Anisotropy is a useful attribute for the detection and characterization of aligned fracture sets in petroleum reservoirs. Unfortunately, many of the traditional effective medium theories for modeling the seismic properties of fractured rock are insensitive to the size of the constituent fractures. For example, the same pattern of anisotropy may be produced by a high concentration of small, stiff cracks or by a lower concentration of large, compliant fractures. The distinction between these models is important for assessing permeability anisotropy because fluid flow is dominated by the largest fractures. One method to gain further insight is through the analysis of frequency-dependent shear-wave splitting in microseismic data because fracture compliance is frequency dependent, and microseismic data are relatively rich in frequency content. We compared two potential mechanisms causing frequency-dependent compliance of fractures: (1) squirt flow in fractured porous rock and (2) wave scattering over rough fractures. Both models showed a sensitivity to average fracture size or compliance of the constituent fractures, and thus they provide a potential means to differentiate between anisotropy produced by small cracks or large fractures. We used both mechanisms to model frequency-dependent anisotropy data obtained from a fractured gas reservoir and invert for fracture parameters. Under certain conditions, the squirt-flow mechanism can cause significant frequency dependence in the microseismic band. However, the model is highly sensitive to the empirically derived mineral-scale relaxation time, which is poorly known and requires laboratory measurements to constrain. Conversely, producing a similar frequency response using the scattering model requires implausible fracture parameters; therefore, the squirt-flow model appears to be the most likely mechanism for microseismic applications. At higher frequencies, however, scattering may become more significant. Care should be taken when upscaling ultrasonic laboratory results for field-scale problems because different mechanisms may be at play within different frequency bands.
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Men, Xiao Xi, C. A. Tang, and Zhi Hui Han. "Numerical Simulation on Propagation Mechanism of Hydraulic Fracture in Fractured Rockmass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.417.

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Hydraulic fracturing process in fractured rockmass which with an existing single natural fracture at its various conditions: its different angles and different lengths was simulated by using RFPA2D(2.0)-Flow version which adopts the finite element method and considers the heterogeneous characteristics of rock in meso-scale, creates seepage-stress-failure coupling model. The effect tendency of natural fractures angle and length on the seepage characteristics of fractured rockmass was given through the description of tensile fracture initiation and propagation in the rock specimens. The simulation results show that the effect of these two factors on fractures initiation, propagation and rockmass stability under the hydraulic fracturing could be remarkable.
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Yuan, Yingzhong, Wende Yan, Fengbo Chen, Jiqiang Li, Qianhua Xiao, and Xiaoliang Huang. "Numerical Simulation for Shale Gas Flow in Complex Fracture System of Fractured Horizontal Well." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 19, no. 3-4 (June 26, 2018): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2017-0135.

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AbstractComplex fracture systems including natural fractures and hydraulic fractures exist in shale gas reservoir with fractured horizontal well development. The flow of shale gas is a multi-scale flow process from microscopic nanometer pores to macroscopic large fractures. Due to the complexity of seepage mechanism and fracture parameters, it is difficult to realize fine numerical simulation for fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs. Mechanisms of adsorption–desorption on the surface of shale pores, slippage and Knudsen diffusion in the nanometer pores, Darcy and non-Darcy seepage in the matrix block and fractures are considered comprehensively in this paper. Through fine description of the complex fracture systems after horizontal well fracturing in shale gas reservoir, the problems of conventional corner point grids which are inflexible, directional, difficult to geometrically discretize arbitrarily oriented fractures are overcome. Discrete fracture network model based on unstructured perpendicular bisection grids is built in the numerical simulation. The results indicate that the discrete fracture network model can accurately describe fracture parameters including length, azimuth and density, and that the influences of fracture parameters on development effect of fractured horizontal well can be finely simulated. Cumulative production rate of shale gas is positively related to fracture half-length, fracture segments and fracture conductivity. When total fracture length is constant, fracturing effect is better if single fracture half-length or penetration ratio is relatively large and fracturing segments are moderate. Research results provide theoretical support for optimal design of fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoir.
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Cheng, Hua, Xiangyang Liu, Jian Lin, Liangliang Zhang, Mingjing Li, and Chuanxin Rong. "Study on Fracturing and Diffusion Mechanism of Nonslab Fracturing Grouting." Geofluids 2020 (August 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838135.

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The coupling effect of a slurry and the fractured rock layer controls a spatial attenuation of the fracture channel width and grouting pressure from a grouting hole to the slurry top of fracture diffusion. This paper comprehensively considers the influencing factors such as the mechanical properties of the injected rock mass and the time-varying characteristics of the serous viscosity and introduces the control equation of the fracture channel width to establish a single-fracture nonslab fracturing grouting model. Combining the motion law of the slurry with the extension form of fracture, the equation of slurry diffusion motion, considering the fracture geometry and the time-varying characteristics of the serous viscosity, is derived. Comparing this equation with the existing theories and experiments, the validity and reliability of the theory are verified. In this paper, the effects of rock elastic modulus, slurry viscosity, and grouting rate on the fracturing grouting diffusion law of rock mass are analyzed. It is pointed out that when fracturing grouting in deep rock layers, a larger initial grouting rate and grouting pressure should be selected in the early stages of grouting to generate or penetrate fractures in the rock layer. Also, when the grouting pressure is stable, it is appropriate to increase the viscosity so that the slurry can quickly gel in the fractures thus sealing the fractures.
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Ti, Zhengyi, Jiazhen Li, Meng Wang, Kang Wang, Zhupeng Jin, and Caiwang Tai. "Fracture Mechanism in Overlying Strata during Longwall Mining." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4764732.

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We used the key stratum theory to establish a more realistic thin-plate mechanical model of elastic foundation clamped boundary and study the fracture mechanism of overlying strata during longwall mining. We analyzed the fracture characteristics and factors affecting fracture of the key stratum combined with the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. Besides, we used numerical simulation methods to verify the evolution pattern of the overlying strata fracture. The results show that the fracture mechanisms of the elastic foundation clamped structure’s key stratum varied depending on the position under longwall mining. The advanced coal wall area of the upper surface is a compressive-shear fracture. The center area of the lower surface is a tensile fracture. With the increase of the excavation length and the load of the key stratum, the central area and the advanced coal wall area of the long side are fractured before the advanced coal wall area of the short side. With the increase of flexural rigidity of the key stratum, the advanced coal wall area of the long side fractures before the central area and the advanced coal wall area of the short side. With the increase of the foundation modulus and the advanced load of the key stratum, the central area fractures before the surrounding advanced coal wall area. The advanced influence distance was positively correlated with the key stratum’s flexural rigidity and advanced load and negatively correlated with the foundation modulus and excavation length. The advanced influence distance was not affected by the load of the key stratum. The numerical simulation results show that, with the increase of the mining area, the fracture trace of overlying strata in goaf extended to the coal wall’s interior. The fracture range of overlying strata is larger than that of the miningd: area. This study has a practical value for water disasters, gas outbursts, and rock strata control.
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Li, Jianxiong, Shiming Dong, Wen Hua, Xiaolong Li, and Xin Pan. "Numerical Investigation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Based on Cohesive Zone Model in Naturally Fractured Formations." Processes 7, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010028.

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Complex propagation patterns of hydraulic fractures often play important roles in naturally fractured formations due to complex mechanisms. Therefore, understanding propagation patterns and the geometry of fractures is essential for hydraulic fracturing design. In this work, a seepage–stress–damage coupled model based on the finite pore pressure cohesive zone (PPCZ) method was developed to investigate hydraulic fracture propagation behavior in a naturally fractured reservoir. Compared with the traditional finite element method, the coupled model with global insertion cohesive elements realizes arbitrary propagation of fluid-driven fractures. Numerical simulations of multiple-cluster hydraulic fracturing were carried out to investigate the sensitivities of a multitude of parameters. The results reveal that stress interference from multiple-clusters is responsible for serious suppression and diversion of the fracture network. A lower stress difference benefits the fracture network and helps open natural fractures. By comparing the mechanism of fluid injection, the maximal fracture network can be achieved with various injection rates and viscosities at different fracturing stages. Cluster parameters, including the number of clusters and their spacing, were optimal, satisfying the requirement of creating a large fracture network. These results offer new insights into the propagation pattern of fluid driven fractures and should act as a guide for multiple-cluster hydraulic fracturing, which can help increase the hydraulic fracture volume in naturally fractured reservoirs.
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Wang, Shen, Huamin Li, and Dongyin Li. "Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Coal Seams with Discontinuous Natural Fracture Networks." Processes 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6080113.

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To investigate the mechanism of hydraulic fracture propagation in coal seams with discontinuous natural fractures, an innovative finite element meshing scheme for modeling hydraulic fracturing was proposed. Hydraulic fracture propagation and interaction with discontinuous natural fracture networks in coal seams were modeled based on the cohesive element method. The hydraulic fracture network characteristics, the growth process of the secondary hydraulic fractures, the pore pressure distribution and the variation of bottomhole pressure were analyzed. The improved cohesive element method, which considers the leak-off and seepage behaviors of fracturing liquid, is capable of modeling hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured formations. The results indicate that under high stress difference conditions, the hydraulic fracture network is spindle-shaped, and shows a multi-level branch structure. The ratio of secondary fracture total length to main fracture total length was 2.11~3.62, suggesting that the secondary fractures are an important part of the hydraulic fracture network in coal seams. In deep coal seams, the break pressure of discontinuous natural fractures mainly depends on the in-situ stress field and the direction of natural fractures. The mechanism of hydraulic fracture propagation in deep coal seams is significantly different from that in hard and tight rock layers.
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Jiang, Le, Peng Gao, Jie Liu, Yunbin Xiong, Jing Jiang, Ruizhong Jia, Zhongchao Li, and Pengcheng Liu. "Simulation and Optimization of Dynamic Fracture Parameters for an Inverted Square Nine-Spot Well Pattern in Tight Fractured Oil Reservoirs." Geofluids 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8883803.

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Dynamic fractures are a geological attribute of water flooding development in tight fractured oil reservoirs. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the opening mechanism of dynamic fractures and the influence of dynamic fractures on development. Few attempts have been made to investigate the optimization of the dynamic fracture parameter. In this study, the inverted square nine-spot well pattern model is established by taking fractured reservoir’s heterogeneity and its threshold pressure gradients into account. This simulation model optimizes the various parameters in a tight fractured oil reservoir with dynamic fractures, that is, the intersection angle between the dynamic fractures and the well array, the number of dynamic fractures, the penetration ratio, and the conductivity of the oil well’s hydraulic fractures. The results of this optimization are used to investigate the oil displacement mechanism of dynamic fractures and to discuss a mechanism to enhance oil recovery using an inverted square nine-spot well pattern. The simulation results indicate that a 45° intersection angle can effectively restrain the increase in the water cut. A single dynamic fracture can effectively control the displacement direction of the injected water and improve the oil displacement efficiency. Moreover, the optimal penetration ratio and the conductivity of the hydraulic fracture are 0.6 and 40 D-cm, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanism of fracture"

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Achintha, Paththini Marakkala Mithila. "Fracture analysis of debonding mechanism for FRP plates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240575.

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Inevitable flaws in the concrete-FRP interface govern plate debonding, and are not amenable to finite element analysis because the models require far more detail than will ever be available for the interface. This thesis describes a global-energy-balance based fracture-mechanics model for the debonding mechanism of externally bonded FRP plates attached to concrete beams. The model investigates the possible propagation of an existing interface crack by considering the energy balance of the beam during a small potential crack extension. The crack will extend if the energy release rate is greater than the interface fracture energy. Despite the fact that the crack-tip stress field is not amenable to precise analysis, its influence on the energy balance of the beam is insignificant because of the small volume of the "uncertain zone", whereas the crack tip stress field would solely govern an analysis based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The plate end and the locations where the widening of flexural and flexural/shear cracks cause interface flaws are the most likely locations for the initiation of debonding. The model analyses debonding that initiates from either location. With the small extension of the interface crack the compatibility between the beam and the FRP alters, consequently causing changes in the stress states, and hence the energy states, of zones in the vicinity of the crack. The change in energy state of a beam section upon interface crack extension is determined from a modified version of Branson's model. The strain state when the FRP is fully or partly debonded needs to be considered. The mechanics of stress transfer from the concrete to the FRP differs from that with conventional steel reinforcing bars for which the accuracy of the original Branson's model was validated. So, the moment-curvature model considers the force in the FRP as an external compressive force on the concrete beam section; the separation of the effects of the axial force and the moment is achieved by defining an equivalent centroid. Debonding will propagate in whichever of the concrete, adhesive, or at an interface that provides the least resistance; thus, the interface fracture energy is that of the weakest phase. Experimental observations confirm that the concrete substrate just above the interface is most likely to fail, in particular when the FRP manufacturer-recommended adhesives are used with appropriate curing procedures. Fracture energy of concrete is determined from Hillerborg's cohesive-crack-model-based experimental and approximate theoretical models. Premature debonding propagation within the adhesive layer can also be analysed but the knowledge of that fracture energy is required. The energy release rate is calculated for assumed interface crack lengths and locations, from which the critical state is determined when it equals the interface fracture energy. Comparisons with test data reported in the literature demonstrate that the model is accurate for all modes of plate debonding. The analysis gives the critical plate curtailment location and the critical crack length which trigger debonding at the plate end and in the high moment zone respectively. The model allows for the inclusion of all properties of the concrete beam, adhesive, FRP and the loading arrangement and hence can be used as an optimisation tool in design. The model also provides a framework for the design of more complex real -life applications, and highlights subjects that require further research.
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Zhu, Wenzhong. "Effect of ageing on durability and micro-fracture mechanism of fibre reinforced cement composites." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259743.

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Bourga, Renaud. "The mechanism of leak-before-break fracture and its application in engineering critical assessment." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15289.

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This thesis investigated the different aspects and mechanisms of leak-before-break (LBB) assessment. The main objective was to improve the understanding of the transition between surface and through wall defects. While existing procedures generally idealise the through-wall crack into a rectangular shape, in reality a crack propagates with a shape depending on the loading. Comparison between the related solutions from established procedures have been undertaken. The apparent variation depending on the solutions used in the assessment has been highlighted. Two different methodologies have been employed to investigate the transition of flaw: (i) non-ideal through-wall and (ii) surface-breaking flaw propagation. The first approach consists of numerical models of non-idealised flaws in order to assess the effect on LBB parameters. For the second approach, experiments have been first carried out to visualise the shape of defect growths. To further study surface-breaking flaws, both experimental and numerical studies were performed. Fatigue tests on deeply notched plates with two crack aspect ratios were carried out. Strain evolutions on the back surface were recorded along the axes parallel and perpendicular to the crack. Numerical models have been prepared to investigate a larger scope. Behaviour of growing surface-breaking defects was examined. Based on the work conducted in this research, the major findings can be summarised as follows: - The existing solutions to carry out a LBB assessment using available procedures were reviewed and discussed. For axial flaws, SIF solutions were found similar and in good agreement with FEA values. Reference stress solutions showed significant difference between BS 7910 and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. When compared to experimental data, API's solutions were able to distinguish between leak and break cases. - Flaw geometry assumption for through-wall crack yet to become idealised did not always reflect the actual behaviour, especially for COA calculation. In this case, FEA can be used as a good predictive tool for LBB to estimate margins when assessing leak rate. - The experiment using metallic specimens showed that high stress/strain on back surface would provide a good estimate of the crack propagation as it approached break-through. This offers a more accurate monitoring mechanism. Strain-mapping devices such as gauges could be used.
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Izadian, Mohammad Hossein. "Understanding the mechanism & effects of stent fracture : a combined experimental & finite element analysis." Thesis, University of Hull, 2018. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:17250.

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Atherosclerosis is a common heart disease, categorised by a build-up of fatty substances (plaque) in the inner surface of the coronary arteries and causing obstruction to the blood flow to vital organs and other parts of body. Over time, the arteries become narrowed which can lead to serious complications such as angina, heart attack, and stroke. There are several treatments to slow down the progress and reduce the risk, including medication and medical procedures. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a non-surgical procedure which reopens blocked arteries and restores the blood flow. In some cases the PCI involves a tiny mesh tube known as a stent, which is placed in the narrowed artery to widen the lumen, support the vessel wall and prevent restenosis. Whilst this is generally successful procedure, stents might cause further problems such as stent fracture, in-stent restenosis, and stent thrombosis. Stent fracture is known to be associated with a number of factors; stent length, stent overlap, vessel tortuosity, degree of calcification of lesions, stent design, and the conditions under which the stent operates. The first part of this thesis presents a design-independent finite element analysis evaluation of the relative stresses induced in a coronary stent when placed in an angulated vessel geometry. This was achieved by idealising the stent to a thin tube, with the structural modulus of the tube representing that of a stent-like structure (this could be adapted for different types of stent structure). The artery and stent were then subjected to a displacement representing a bending movement of 20˚. Furthermore, various artery angles were modelled from 30˚ to 90˚ and each time the angle was transformed in 10˚. This series of finite element analyses computed the stress distribution associated with the displacement, hence quantifying the relationship between the vessel angle and the stress when considering the "hinge-type" movement that the vessel will undergo with each heartbeat. This constant repetitive loading constitutes the most severe mechanical loading that the stent will undergo, which far exceeds the radial expansion/contraction systolic/diastolic of the vessel or any torsional effects. It was observed that changes in stresses within the stent model are directly proportional to the vessel angulation, which stresses increased when the vessel angles became more severe. Furthermore, the bending region where was associated with the hinge-type movement experienced higher amounts of stress in the idealised stent model, and severe vessel angle caused a larger area undergo higher stress. The values increase at a greater rate once an angle of 75 degree has been exceeded, which agrees with clinical observation. Also areas of high stress corresponded to areas where fractures are seen clinically. The second part involved the mechanical testing of 9 samples of four different stent designs; Muilti-Link Vision®, PRO-Kinetic Energy, BioMatrix NeoFlexTM and Promus PREMIER. Stents deployed at nominal pressure into physiological mock artery at initial angle of 90˚, were then subjected to a 20˚ continuous repetitive hinge-type movement, at a rate of approximately 1100rpm (cycles per minute). By 300 million cycles fractures were identified in 7 stents, and are limited to only the Biomatrix design (34.67±28.78 million cycles), exhibiting between one and four strut fractures. Fractures were first seen to occur at 13.5 million cycles, where fractures were observed in 2 stents. All fractures were seen to occur at the ring linker parts of the stent and in the areas which would undergo the most severe tensile and compressive loading. This study shows that artery angulation has a significant impact on the stent stress, and more tortuous vessel increases the risk of stent fracture. Also in vitro experimental work illustrates that stent material and structure play an important role in stent flexibility.
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Nagl, Michael Martin. "Identification of the mechanism of oxide scale fracture, and its correlation with strain using acoustic emission." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1992. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/identification-of-the-mechanism-of-oxide-scale-fracture-and-its-correlation-with-strain-using-acoustic-emission(60f7dec2-bf42-4f44-86f7-b216a1adc662).html.

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Thermally formed oxides scales can protect metals from aggressive environments at high temperatures. However the barrier function is destroyed when the oxide fails. Therefore a new 4-point bend test technique has been developed to measure the failure strains and to study the failure mechanisms of brittle layers in tension and compression. Tests were made with iron oxide and nickel oxide at room temperature and 550 or 900 °C, respectively, using strain rates of 10~* and 10"5 s"1 . Brittle lacquer was used as a model layer. Acoustic emission (AE) was employed to monitor and interpret failure mechanisms together with post test metallography. Equi-distant cracks were formed during failure in tension. Further cracking was affected by elastic and plastic stress relaxation processes, and interface delamination only started after these processes were exhausted. The crack spacing increased with oxide thickness and the results indicated that plastic relaxation processes were dominant at growth temperature conditions. The shear strength of the interface was lower at growth temperature. Shear failure within the layer was found in NiO and brittle lacquer when tested in compression. Failure in iron oxide under compression always started at the interface. The failure mechanism and initiation in compression was determined by the relative shear strength of interface, the shear strength of the layer and the buckling stability of the layer. However, spallation always required crack growth at the interface. Measured failure strains in tension and compression agreed well with the predictions of a model incorporating the fracture mechanics condition for tensile cracking or interface crack growth respectively and factors like residual strains, oxide creep and lateral oxide growth which accounted for the behaviour of a thin growing scale on a thick substrate. The critical fracture mechanics parameter in tension was the composite void size. A K1C value of ~ 1.1 MN nv3/2 was obtained for iron oxide for room temperature and 550 °C. Values of 0.41 and -1.61 MN m3/2 were found for NiO at room temperature and at 900 °C, respectively. The residual growth stresses in iron oxide were determined as approximately zero and the cooling strain from 550 °C was -0.05 - 0.06%. The residual stresses in NiO were -175 MPa at room temperature. The strain energy release rate for interfacial failure in iron oxide was 27 J m-2 and the fracture surface energies were 3.4 and 0.8 J m-2 for iron and nickel oxide, respectively. AE was a useful tool for explaining the failure mechanisms and a numerical analysis showed a slight difference in the AE signal released during tensile and compressive failure.
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Lacroix, Gauthier. "On the relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties of TRIP-assisted multiphase steels : strength, ductility, fracture and fatigue." Université catholique de Louvain, 2007. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-11302007-114213/.

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In the context of sustainable development, steelmakers and automotive manufacturers decided for some years now to join their efforts to promote the development and use of advanced high strength steels such as the present TRIP steels in order to reduce the fuel consumption and emission of greenhouse gas. These multiphase steels contain some retained austenite, a ductile phase that can transform into hard and brittle martensite during a mechanical solicitation. One the one hand, this transformation improves the mechanical properties during plasticity by bringing about an additional work-hardening. On the other hand, the appearence of a hard and brittle phase can give rise to premature cracking after necking. Knowing the good influence of martensitic transformation on the work-hardening, this Thesis starts with the characterisation of the relationship between transformation rates and testing conditions. It appears that, for each testing condition, there is an optimum austenite stability that leads to a maximum uniform strain. After necking under monotonic loading conditions, the damage mechanisms that takes place in these steels has been characterised. It can be concluded that the TRIP-aided steels that present low or moderate austenite stability behave exactly like Dual-Phase steels, in which martensite replaces retained austenite. However, a very stable retained austenite brings about a significant toughness improvement by providing an additional work-hardening contribution in the necking zone. The mechanical behaviour of these steels has also been characterised under cyclic loading conditions. The results indicate that, for particular loading conditions (i.e. low load levels), the martensitic transformation improves the fatigue properties.
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Lu, Xuekun. "Characterisation of the anisotropic fracture toughness and crack-tip shielding mechanisms in elephant dentin." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/characterisation-of-the-anisotropic-fracture-toughness-and-cracktip-shielding-mechanisms-in-elephant-dentin(5f0a739b-e30a-401e-905a-b38e9224ac0a).html.

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Teeth trauma has become one of the most serious physical problems that people are suffering from in the past years. Early diagnosis and management are desperately needed to improve tooth survival, functionality and avoid the tooth loss. However, the diagnosis of cracked tooth could be challenging due to the small size of the crack. Therefore, a mechanics understanding of the tooth fracture is demanding from the perspective of developing a framework for failure prediction in clinical research and bio-mimetic restorative materials. This study focuses on characterising the anisotropic fracture behaviour and the crack shielding mechanisms in elephant dentin. This is often used as a structural analogue for human dentin due to the similarities in microstructure and chemical composition, in order to avoid the test-piece size restrictions, given the larger size of ivory than human teeth. Compact tension test-pieces were extracted from different locations on the ivory tusk so as to have different crack growth directions relative to the microstructure to inspect the fracture anisotropies. The fracture toughness as a function of the crack extension was assessed in terms of fracture resistance curves (R-curve). The accumulative crack-tip strain fields were also measured for the first time in dentin using digital image correlation technique (DIC) to investigate the capability of crack-tip elastic/plastic deformation before material failure. Investigation of crack morphologies, the interaction between crack and the microstructures, the fracture surfaces using both 2-D and 3-D techniques could provide with insights into extrinsic shielding mechanisms. Surface and volume crack opening displacement (COD) were measured for the first time optically and by X-ray computed tomography to investigate the effect of extrinsic crack-tip shielding. The displacement fields around the crack-tip obtained by DIC were fitted using Westergaard’s analytical solution to extract the effective stress intensity factor, by comparing this to the applied load, the efficiency of the crack-tip shielding could be evaluated. A novel cohesive element model (traction-separation law) was then established based on the COD results to simulate the physical process of crack-tip shielding. It is the first time the cohesive model has been adapted to studying the direct crack behaviour measured by in-situ experiment to predict the crack growth. This model was then validated using the crack-tip strain field and R-curve obtained from the experiment measurement.
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Patel, Ammar Abbas. "Epoxy Adhesives: Formulation for Sustainability and Mechanism of Adhesion." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1573254388960149.

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Srivastava, Ankit. "Mechanics and Mechanisms of Creep and Ductile Fracture." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283799/.

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The main aim of this dissertation is to relate measurable and hopefully controllable features of a material's microstructure to its observed failure modes to provide a basis for designing better materials. The understanding of creep in materials used at high temperatures is of prime engineering importance. Single crystal Ni-based superalloys used in turbine aerofoils of jet engines are exposed to long dwell times at very high temperatures. In contrast to current theories, creep tests on Ni-based superalloy specimens have shown size dependent creep response termed as the thickness debit effect. To investigate the mechanism of the thickness debit effect, isothermal creep tests were performed on uncoated Ni-based single crystal superalloy sheet specimens with two thicknesses and under two test conditions: a low temperature high stress condition and a high temperature low stress condition. At the high temperature, surface oxidation induced microstructural changes near the free surface forming a layered microstructure. Finite element calculations showed that this layered microstructure gave rise to local changes in the stress state. The specimens also contained nonuniform distribution of initial voids formed during the solidification and homogenization processes. The experiments showed that porosity evolution could play a significant role in the thickness debit effect. This motivated a basic mechanics study of porosity evolution in single crystals subjected to creep for a range of stress states. The study was performed using three-dimensional finite deformation finite element analysis of unit cells containing a single initially spherical void in a single crystal matrix. The materials are characterized by a rate-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive relation accounting for both primary and secondary creep. The effect of initial void spacing and creep exponent was also explored. Based on the experimental observations and results of finite element calculations a quantitative mechanistic model is proposed that can account for both bulk and surface damage effects and assess their relative roles in the observed thickness debit effect. Another set of calculations aim at relating the crack growth resistance and fracture surface morphology to material microstructure for ductile structural metals. The process that governs the ductile fracture of structural materials at room temperature is one of nucleation, growth and coalescence of micron scale voids, and involves large plastic deformations. Experimental studies have shown that fracture surfaces in a wide variety of materials and under a wide variety of loading conditions have remarkable scaling properties. For thirty years, the hope to relate the statistical characterization of fracture surfaces to a measure of a material's crack growth resistance has remained unfulfilled. Only recently has the capability been developed to calculate sufficient amounts of three dimensional ductile crack growth in heterogeneous microstructures to obtain a statistical characterization of the predicted fracture surfaces. This development has enabled the exploration of the relation of both fracture toughness and fracture surface statistics to material properties and microstructure when the fracture mechanism is one of void nucleation, growth and coalescence. The relation of both toughness and the statistical properties of fracture surfaces in calculations of heterogeneous microstructures to various microstructural features is discussed and a remarkable correlation between fracture surface roughness and fracture toughness is shown for the first time.
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Davidson, Melissa Anne. "A Pharmacovigilance Approach for Assessing Cardiovascular, Osteological, and Carcinogenic Risk Associated with Thiazolidinedione Drugs Used in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38062.

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Diabetes is a chronic and debilitating disease that affects nearly half a billion people worldwide with the vast majority of diabetics suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease characterized by insulin insensitivity that often requires pharmacotherapy to effectively maintain target blood sugar levels. The thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of drugs consists of oral hypoglycaemic agents used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs to treat T2DM. The drugs within this class, which include rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, were originally heralded as providing novel first and second-line treatment of T2DM with glycaemic control and physiological effects comparable to, and in some cases, better than, first-line treatments such as metformin. However, over time they have also been associated with adverse cardiovascular, osteological, and carcinogenic effects in some, but not all clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. Given the conflicting evidence to date on the safety of TZD drugs, their role in the treatment of T2DM continues to be debated and epidemiological gaps remain. The objectives of this doctoral research are fourfold: 1) to conduct an in-depth review of the epidemiology of TZD pharmacotherapy including pharmacokinetics and modes of action, the results of previous studies investigating health risks and benefits associated with TZD treatment, and new and future uses for this class of drugs; 2) to determine whether diabetic patients treated with TZDs are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes; 3) to assess whether TZD pharmacotherapy is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures and whether risks differ depending on fracture site and patient sex; and, 4) to investigate associations between TZD use and risk of bladder cancer. Specific research questions were investigated using nested case-control analyses designed to capture incident users of antidiabetic drugs and electronic health data from Cerner Health Facts®, an electronic medical record database that stores time-stamped patient records from more than 480 contributing hospitals throughout the United States. Findings from this work are reported in a series of manuscripts, including a published review paper. Key findings include: 1) TZD use was associated with an increased risk of incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure compared to never use of TZD drugs with a trend towards a potential early treatment effect within the first year of exposure to pioglitazone; 2) TZD use was associated with an increased risk of closed bone fractures among Type 2 diabetics with use of pioglitazone or rosiglitazone associated with an increased risk across multiple fracture sites in women, but only rosiglitazone use in men and only at peripheral fracture sites; 3) use of either pioglitazone or rosiglitazone were associated with an increased risk of incident bladder cancer compared to never users, however, a low number of bladder cancer cases resulted in underpowered analyses; and, 4) insulin use in a hospital setting may replace a patient's normal course of antidiabetic therapy which, when combined with other potential sources of bias in traditional nested case-control studies using hospital-based data, may lead to overestimation or underestimation of adverse health risks associated with non-insulin antidiabetic therapies. Although these findings warrant replication, the results of the research contained within this dissertation suggest that caution should be exercised when prescribing diabetic patients TZD drugs if they have cardiovascular, osteological, or carcinogenic risk factors. Additional pharmacovigilance studies should also continue to strive to better understand the health risks related to TZD therapy, especially as new therapeutic roles for TZDs in the prevention and treatment of some cancers, inflammatory diseases, and other conditions in non-diabetic populations are being explored.
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Books on the topic "Mechanism of fracture"

1

International Conference and Exposition on Fatigue, Corrosion Cracking, Fracture Mechanics, and Failure Analysis (1985 Salt Lake City, Utah). The mechanism of fracture: Proceedings of the fracture-mechanism program and related papers presented at the International Conference and Exposition on Fatigue, Corrosion Cracking, Fracture Mechanics, and Failure Analysis, 2-6 December 1985, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [Metals Park, Ohio]: ASM, 1986.

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S, Goel V., American Society for Metals, and American Society for Testing and Materials., eds. The mechanism of fracture: Proceedings of the fracture-mechanism program and related papers presented at the International Conference and Exposition on Fatigue, Corrosion Cracking, Fracture Mechanics and Failure Analysis : 2-6 December 1985, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [Salt Lake City?]: American Society for Metals, 1986.

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Hanamura, Toshihiro, and Hai Qiu. Analysis of Fracture Toughness Mechanism in Ultra-fine-grained Steels. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54499-9.

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Gabetta, G. Application of a two-mechanism model for environmentally-assisted crack growth. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.

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Gabetta, G. Application of a two-mechanism model for environmentally-assisted crack growth. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.

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Gabetta, G. Application of a two-mechanism model for environmentally-assisted crack growth. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.

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Adler, Pierre M. Fractures and Fracture Networks. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999.

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Adler, Pierre M. Fractures and fracture networks. Boston: Kluwer, 1999.

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Mechanics and mechanisms of fracture: An introduction. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2005.

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Carlson, R. L. Mechanics of failure mechanisms in structures. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanism of fracture"

1

Kishi, Teruo. "Fracture Mechanics and Mechanism of Ceramic Composites." In Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, 1–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3350-4_1.

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Zhang, Ke. "Fracture Mechanics Method." In Failure Mechanism and Stability Analysis of Rock Slope, 227–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5743-9_11.

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Derouiche, Abbassia, Nacer Hamzaoui, and Taoufik Boukharouba. "Vibroacoustic Sources Identification of Gear Mechanism Transmission." In Damage and Fracture Mechanics, 143–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2669-9_15.

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Miyata, N., S. Akada, H. Omura, and H. Jinno. "Microcrack Toughening Mechanism in Brittle Matrix Composites." In Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, 339–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3350-4_24.

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Morita, Masafumi, and Tadashi Sasada. "Fatigue Fracture Mechanism of Cancellous Bone." In Biomechanics, 141–67. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68317-9_7.

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Shimada, Shoichi, and Naoya Ikawa. "Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Nanometric Metal Cutting Mechanism." In Mesoscopic Dynamics of Fracture, 63–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35369-1_5.

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Yan, Dong Ming, and Gao Lin. "Failure Mechanism of Concrete in Dynamic Loading." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 623–26. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.623.

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Kohler, N., Y. Ikuhara, H. Awaji, and K. Funatani. "High Temperature Fracture Mechanism of Gas-Pressure Sintered Silicon Nitride." In Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, 367–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3348-1_24.

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Chermant, Jean-Louis, Gaëlle Farizy, Guillaume Boitier, Séverine Darzens, Jean Vicens, and Jean-Christophe Sangleboeuf. "Creep Behavior and Mechanism for CMCs with Continuous Ceramic Fibers." In Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, 203–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28920-5_16.

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Miyamoto, H., M. Kikuchi, H. Yabu, A. Fujii, and H. Okada. "Some Consideration on Mechanism of Ductile Fracture." In Computational Mechanics ’86, 1107–12. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68042-0_161.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanism of fracture"

1

Majidi, Reza, Stefan Z. Miska, Mengjiao Yu, and Leslie Gerard Thompson. "Fracture Ballooning in Naturally Fractured Formations: Mechanism and Controlling Factors." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/115526-ms.

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Craddock, G. G., and Federico Rios. "Perforating Crushed Zone Fracture Mechanism." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199303-ms.

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Matsubayashi, M. "Fracture mechanism of reinforced concrete non-structural wall." In 10th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc10.235475.

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Chen, Ying, Yanhong Sun, and Hong Yang. "Experimental Research on Fracture Mechanism of Microdrill." In 2017 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-17.2017.223.

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Hong, Zhang, Lan Haipeng, Tang Yurong, and Li Yong. "Study on Fracture Mechanism of Walnut Shell According to Brittle Fracture Area." In 2014 Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2014.211.

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Hu, Guojun. "Mechanism of glass-frit fracture in MEMS packaging." In 2012 13th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology & High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept-hdp.2012.6474905.

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Jiang, Shan. "Fracture mechanism of magnesium alloys at room temperature." In 2015 4th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmcce-15.2015.449.

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Nagaso, M., H. Mikada, and J. Takekawa. "Mechanism of complex fracture creation in hydraulic fracturing." In The 20th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Exploration Geophysics (RAEG 2016). Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2352-8265.20140202.

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Bona, F. De, L. Fedrizzi, A. Lanzutti, M. Magnan, and J. Srnec Novak. "On the damage mechanism of a cold rolling roll: Finite element analysis and material characterization." In FRACTURE AND DAMAGE MECHANICS: Theory, Simulation and Experiment. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0034964.

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Kamitsuji, R., and K. Tezuka. "Delineation of Fracture Systems by Precise Locations and Mechanism Analysis of Microseismic Multiplets." In EAGE/SEG Research Workshop on Fractured Reservoirs-Integrating Geosciences for Fractured Reservoirs Description 2007. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20146722.

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Reports on the topic "Mechanism of fracture"

1

McMahon, C. J. Mechanism of diffusion-controlled brittle fracture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5635597.

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Bammann, Douglas J., Youssef Hammi, Bonnie R. Antoun, Patrick A. Klein, James W. ,. III Foulk, and Sam X. McFadden. A mechanism-based approach to modeling ductile fracture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918221.

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McMahon, C. J. Mechanism of diffusion-controlled brittle fracture. Final report, April 1, 1987--July 31, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10136610.

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Robertson, Brett Anthony. Phase Field Fracture Mechanics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1227184.

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Bass, B. R. (Fracture mechanics of inhomogeneous materials). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6548880.

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Carpenter, S. H. Investigation of fracture toughness and fracture mechanisms using acoustic emission measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5404862.

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Birnbaum, Howard K. Mechanisms of Hydrogen Related Fracture of Metals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada208210.

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Sinclair, G. B. Fundamentals of Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201435.

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Annigeri, B. S. Fracture Mechanics Analysis for Short Cracks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada192002.

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Cheverton, R. D., and T. L. Dickson. HFIR vessel probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654200.

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