Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanism of stimulation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanism of stimulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanism of stimulation"

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Di, Ya-Li, Xiao-Ming Lu, Zu-Qing Zhu, and Fu-Xing Zhu. "Time Course of Carbendazim Stimulation on Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Indicates a Direct Stimulation Mechanism." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (2016): 1454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-15-1349-re.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that subtoxic doses of carbendazim have a stimulatory effect on pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on rapeseed plants. The present study focused on the time-course profile of the stimulatory effect and its relevance to stimulation mechanisms. At 12 h postinoculation (HPI), initial necrotic lesions were visible only for rapeseed leaves treated with carbendazim at 0.2 and 1 μg/ml, whereas no disease symptoms were observed for the nontreated control. At 18 HPI, carbendazim stimulation on pathogenicity was more obvious than at 12 HPI. Study with scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that no discernable differences in the development of disease symptoms could be detected at 8 HPI. However, at 12 HPI, necrotic symptoms of the epidermal cells were apparent only for leaves sprayed with carbendazim. These results indicated that stimulations on pathogenicity occurred in the first 12 h, implying that direct stimulation rather than overcompensation to the disruption of homeostasis was likely to be the underlying mechanism for pathogenicity stimulation. Greenhouse experiments showed that spraying carbendazim at 400 μg/ml on potted rapeseed plants had statistically significant (P < 0.05) stimulations on pathogenicity for inoculations at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after application (DAA). The stimulation action eventually disappeared for inoculations at 14 DAA. Mycelia grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with carbendazim at 400 μg/ml were more pathogenic than the nontreated control. However, after additional growth of the mycelia on fungicide-free PDA for 2 days, the stimulatory effect disappeared completely, indicating that carbendazim was indispensable for pathogenicity stimulations. Studies on biochemical mechanisms indicated that cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, and polygalacturonase were not involved in pathogenicity stimulations. These results will advance our understanding of the nature and mechanisms of fungicide stimulation on fungal pathogenicity and, thus, are valuable for judicious applications of fungicides.
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Gupta, Abhinav. "The Physics, Mechanism, and Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 9 (2023): 2032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23927192431.

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Ivashchenko, A. A. "A Competitive Stimulation Mechanism." Automation and Remote Control 66, no. 10 (2005): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10513-005-0200-4.

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Young, Ronald F., and V. Israel Chambi. "Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter." Journal of Neurosurgery 66, no. 3 (1987): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.66.3.0364.

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✓ Pain relief following stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) or periventricular gray matter (PVG) in man has been ascribed to stimulation-induced release of endogenous opioid substances. Forty-five patients were studied and followed for at least 1 year after placement of chronic stimulating electrodes in the PAG or PVG to determine if pain relief due to stimulation could be ascribed to an endogenous opioid mechanism. Three criteria were assessed: 1) the development of tolerance to stimulation; 2) the possibility of cross-tolerance to morphine; and 3) reversibility of stimulation-induced pain relief by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Sixteen patients (35.6%) developed tolerance to stimulation, that is, they obtained progressively less effective pain relief. Twelve (44.4%) of 27 patients undergoing stimulation of the thalamic sensory relay nuclei for treatment of chronic pain (a presumably non-opioid mechanism) also developed tolerance. Morphine sulfate was administered in a blind, placebo-controlled protocol to 10 patients who had become tolerant to PAG-PVG stimulation and none showed evidence of cross-tolerance. Fifteen of 19 patients, already tolerant to morphine at the time of PAG-PVG electrode implantation, experienced excellent pain relief by stimulation, also indicating a lack of cross-tolerance. Twenty-two patients who experienced excellent pain relief from chronic PAG-PVG stimulation received intravenous naloxone in a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Pain intensity as assessed by the visual analog scale was increased to the same degree by both placebo and naloxone. Eight patients showed no increase in pain intensity with either placebo or naloxone. Although tolerance to PAG-PVG stimulation developed in these patients, the frequency of tolerance was similar to that seen in patients undergoing thalamic sensory nuclear stimulation. Since the latter technique presumably relieves pain by a non-opioid mechanism, the development of tolerance to PAG-PVG stimulation does not, in itself, confirm an opioid mechanism. Cross-tolerance between PAG-PVG stimulation and morphine was not seen and cross-tolerance to PAG-PVG stimulation in patients already tolerant to morphine was rare. The pain-relieving effect of PAG-PVG stimulation was reversed to an approximately equal degree by naloxone and placebo. The authors do not believe that, in most patients, pain relief elicited by PAG-PVG stimulation depends on an endogenous opioid mechanism. It appears that other, non-opioid mechanisms are primarily responsible for such pain relief.
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Sakata, Shuji, Fumio Shima, Motohiro Kato, and Masashi Fukui. "Dissociated mesencephalic responses to medial and ventral thalamic nuclei stimulation in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 70, no. 3 (1989): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.70.3.0446.

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✓ To investigate the mechanism of analgesia noted with electrical stimulation of the thalamic sensory relay nucleus and medial thalamus, modulations of neuronal activities in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) were studied in response to electrical stimulations of the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) and parafascicular nucleus (Pf) and to peripheral noxious stimulations in rats. Extracellular single-unit activities were recorded from 102 neurons in the PAG and the adjacent area in animals under halothane anesthesia. A large population (83%) of the PAG neurons reacted to Pf stimulations with a predominantly excitatory response, whereas smaller numbers (43%) responded to VPL stimulations. There was a significant correlation between the response characteristics of Pf and noxious stimulations, whereas no correlation was found between VPL and noxious stimulations. The PAG neurons that were verified antidromically to project to the nucleus raphe magnus showed a similar pattern of response. The excitatory response to the Pf stimulation was partially attenuated by systemic administration of naloxone, whereas that to the VPL stimulation was not affected. These results suggest that part of the analgesic mechanism of medial thalamus stimulation involves activation of the descending pain suppression system by exciting the PAG neurons through the opioid system, while the analgesia produced by sensory relay nucleus stimulation does not involve the PAG neurons or the opioid system.
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Ismarrubie, Z. N., Han Lin Goh, S. Masuri, and Hanafiah Yussof. "Bio-Mechanism Response of Mimosa Pudica against External Stimulation." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.588.

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Mimosa Pudica (also known as Pokok Semalu) is an action plant with unique biological cell mechanism that has great potential to be explored for next generation biomechatronics devices. The motion principle of each petiole movement occurs by an organ of motion, called pulvinus. The behavior analysis of the Mimosa Pudica plant main pulvinus and petiole against external stimulations has been investigated. The response of the plant cell was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). External stimulation tests on Mimosa Pudica plant such as mechanical, electrical and light stimulations were conducted. Optical microscopy and SEM observations revealed the existence of red cells in the tertiary pulvinus. Mechanical stimulation results had shown a response time of approximately 2 seconds and a recovery time of 10 to 12 minutes for the leaves and 20 minutes for the petiole. Bending force of the petiole of Mimosa Pudica was also measured. The torque generated by the bending of petiole was found to increase exponentially as the pulvinus diameter increased. A torque of 30.91 g mm was generated from the bending of a petiole with 1.5 mm pulvinus diameter. The lifting potential of the Mimosa Pudica was tested using loadings with increments of 0.42 gram. The plant responded to electrical stimulation of 1.3 Ampere and displayed side effect. The light sensitivity region of Mimosa Pudica was obtained through light stimulation using a full spectrum daylight bulb, and ranges from 50 to 300 lux. Signal transmission to neighbouring structures was observed when the leaf was stimulated with threatening stimulus, with the signal speed achieving 0.8 cm/s. Movement mechanism of Mimosa Pudica is believed to be triggered by signal through receptor cells. It was found that the torque generated during petiole lifting is relatively higher than that during petiole bending.
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Dean, J. C., L. M. Yates, and D. F. Collins. "Turning on the central contribution to contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 1 (2007): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01361.2006.

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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can generate contractions through peripheral and central mechanisms. Direct activation of motor axons (peripheral mechanism) recruits motor units in an unnatural order, with fatigable muscle fibers often activated early in contractions. The activation of sensory axons can produce contractions through a central mechanism, providing excitatory synaptic input to spinal neurons that recruit motor units in the natural order. Presently, we quantified the effect of stimulation frequency (10–100 Hz), duration (0.25–2 s of high-frequency bursts, or 20 s of constant-frequency stimulation), and intensity [1–5% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque generated by a brief 100-Hz train] on the torque generated centrally. Electrical stimulation (1-ms pulses) was delivered over the triceps surae in eight subjects, and plantar flexion torque was recorded. Stimulation frequency, duration, and intensity all influenced the magnitude of the central contribution to torque. Central torque did not develop at frequencies ≤20 Hz, and it was maximal at frequencies ≥80 Hz. Increasing the duration of high-frequency stimulation increased the central contribution to torque, as central torque developed over 11 s. Central torque was greatest at a relatively low contraction intensity. The largest amount of central torque was produced by a 20-s, 100-Hz train (10.7 ± 5.5 %MVC) and by repeated 2-s bursts of 80- or 100-Hz stimulation (9.2 ± 4.8 and 10.2 ± 8.1% MVC, respectively). Therefore, central torque was maximized by applying high-frequency, long-duration stimulation while avoiding antidromic block by stimulating at a relatively low intensity. If, as hypothesized, the central mechanism primarily activates fatigue-resistant muscle fibers, generating muscle contractions through this pathway may improve rehabilitation applications.
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Ueno, Shogo, and Tsuruo Matsuda. "Mechanism of Orientation of Stimulating Currents in Magnetic Brain Stimulation." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 111, no. 9 (1991): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.111.9_789.

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Chiken, Satomi, and Atsushi Nambu. "Mechanism of Deep Brain Stimulation." Neuroscientist 22, no. 3 (2015): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858415581986.

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Heinen, S. J., D. K. Oh, and E. L. Keller. "Characteristics of Nystagmus Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of The Uvular/Nodular Lobules of the Cerebellum in Monkey." Journal of Vestibular Research 2, no. 3 (1992): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1992-2306.

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Electrical stimulation in the monkey vestibulocerebellum has previously been shown to produce ocular nystagmus, but large stimulating current values were used. Using long duration (⩽10-second) stimulus pulse trains and low current values (<50 μA), we studied the nystagmus evoked by microstimulation in the uvular/nodular regions of the cerebellum. In doing this, we found quantitative differences in the nystagmus evoked from these two regions. Stimulation of the nodulus typically produced a vigorous nystagmus with a contralateral slow phase and a prolonged afternystagmus in the same direction. In contrast, stimulation of the uvula typically produced a regular ipsilateral nystagmus pattern with a very short, if any, afternystagmus in the same direction. In addition, at some stimulation sites in the uvula we observed an adaptation in the slow phase eye velocity during the time that the stimulation remained on. This effect could result in a secondary nystagmus, with a slow phase velocity direction opposite to that first evoked by the stimulation, followed by a prolonged afternystagmus in the direction of the secondary nystagmus at stimulus offset. The nystagmus evoked by these cerebellar stimulations differs from both natural nystagmus produced by large field visual motion and from the nystagmus produced by electrical stimulation of the nucleus of the optic tract. The nystagmus produced by uvular and nodular stimulation shows a shorter latency and a more rapid slow phase eye velocity buildup. The uvula stimulations also showed a much shorter afternystagmus. Also, the same nystagmus was evoked whether the animal was in a lighted or dark surround. These characteristics and recent single-unit recording studies in the uvula seem to suggest that the uvula acts not as a direct input to the velocity storage mechanism, but instead perhaps as part of an internal regulator for balance between the bilateral vestibular nuclei which are normally part of the nystagmus response. On the other hand, the nodulus, with its prolonged afternystagmus in the same direction as the evoked nystagmus, may be involved as a part of the velocity storage mechanism.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanism of stimulation"

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Smith, Joel W. S. "Investigating the mechanism of translational stimulation by Deleted in Azoospermia-like." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4849.

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The proper expression of a gene to a protein is a complicated process with many steps. One of the major steps is translation, the process of decoding a messenger RNA signal and the building of a protein from its component parts. The control of translation is one of the major steps for the overall control of gene expression and its dysregulation is associated with a wide variety of human diseases including neurological, metabolic and reproductive disorders. Dazl family proteins are germ cell restricted RNA binding proteins that contain a motif characteristic of this family, the DAZ domain. Whilst humans encode all three family members DAZ, DAZL and BOULE, flies only possess the boule gene. The members of this family have an essential conserved role in gametogenesis in a wide variety of organisms from worm to man with loss of function resulting in phenotypes ranging from male or female infertility or both. However, little is known about the molecular role of these proteins in germ cell development. A previous study within the laboratory showed that several vertebrate Dazl family members can stimulate translation of a reporter gene in Xenopus laevis oocytes, suggesting a conserved role in mRNA specific translational control. This is consistent with studies in invertebrates. It was proposed that Dazl proteins fulfil this function through an interaction with a translation initiation factor, poly(A) binding protein, PABP. The aim of this thesis was to further refine this model of action. The work presented here investigates several fundamental questions regarding the mechanism of Dazl-mediated stimulation. First, it investigated the step of translation initiation that Dazl acts upon and explored the initiation factors that may be required. Second, it addressed in more detail the requirements for an interaction between Dazl and the poly(A) binding protein, PABP. Third, it examined the potential role of another factor, DAZ associated protein 1, DAZAP1, in Dazl-mediated stimulation. The role of multi-protein complexes containing Dazl bound to the 3’UTR that localise, repress and stimulate translation of specific mRNAs at defined times during gametogenesis are discussed.
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Polinkovsky, Arkady A. "Insertion Point Eccentricity Controlled Ankle Mechanism in Conjunction with Functional Electric Stimulation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1279679194.

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Abdulla, Shwan Chatto. "Intelligent control for a novel assist mechanism in functional electrical stimulation cycling." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6849/.

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DasGupta, R. "An investigation of the mechanism of sacral nerve stimulation in restoring voiding function." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446244/.

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Sacral nerve stimulation, or neuromodulation, has been shown to restore voiding in women with a specific type of urinary retention that is attributed to urethral sphincter overactivity. The therapy has gained popularity in this and other voiding dysfunctions, but its mechanism of action remains unexplained. This thesis explores the effects of neuromodulation on women with urinary retention. It incorporates a urodynamic study of the effect of neuromodulation on bladder and urethral (peripheral) function, a functional brain imaging PET (Positron Emission Tomography) study of cerebral (central) effects, and a review of the long-term efficacy of the technique. The urodynamics (including urethral pressure profilometry, cystometry, and sphincter electromyography) showed evidence of persistent urethral overactivity despite successful restoration of micturition. Together with the cystometric findings, this suggests that neuromodulation may facilitate voiding in this group by increasing detrusor contractility rather than by urethral relaxation. Review of the sacral nerve implants performed at this centre over several years reveals that approximately 75% continue to void at up to 5 years after surgery, while considering reasons for the loss of efficacy in other patients. The cerebral perception of bladder fullness was examined using PET scanning in a group of healthy female controls as well as women with retention treated by neuromodulation. The findings show that the brainstem activity which is present in healthy controls is not seen in retention patients until the neuromodulation is activated. The discussion addresses the respective roles of brainstem and cortical brain regions in the control of voiding function, and whether neuromodulation may 'normalize' cerebral activity. In conclusion, this thesis provides evidence, for the first time, of changes in brain activity following sacral neuromodulation in urinary retention, confirming that its effects may well be mediated by afferent innervation.
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Kahan, J. J. "Investigating the mechanism of action of Deep Brain Stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1458357/.

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Depleted of dopamine, the dynamics of the Parkinsonian brain impact on both “action” and “resting” motor behaviour. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) has become an established means of managing these symptoms, although its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast provides the opportunity to study the human brain in vivo, collecting indirect measures of neural activity across the whole brain. To date, technical difficulties and safety concerns have precluded the use of fMRI in DBS patients. Previous work from this department has demonstrated that scanning patients with certain DBS systems and MRI equipment is both safe and feasible. This thesis explores the neuromodulatory actions of STN DBS on both action and resting motor behaviours in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using fMRI. In brief, I present two fMRI studies conducted on STN DBS patients, one task-based, and one resting, collected under a previously approved protocol. I then present experiments exploring the safety of scanning DBS patients using an improved protocol, and then detail two further experiments collected under this new protocol, again one task-based, and one resting. Specifically, I employ statistical parametric mapping to determine DBS-induced changes in motor evoked responses. Using dynamic causal modelling (DCM) and Bayesian model selection, I compare generative models of cortico-subcortical interactions to explain the observed data, inferring which connections DBS may be affecting, and which modulations predict efficacy. I proceed to use stochastic DCM to model the modulatory effects of DBS on endogenous (resting-state) dynamics. Abstract | 4 4 This work casts DBS in terms of modulating effective connectivity within the cortico-basal ganglia motor loops. I discuss how this may explain its current usage in PD, as well as exploratory uses to treat other pathological brain states.
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陳浦棠 and Po-tong Timothy Chan. "Adrenergic control and its mechanism of stimulation of electrogenic anion secretion in primary cultures of rat epididymal eipthelialcells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210156.

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McAlees, Jaclyn Walisa. "A STUDY OF THE MECHANISM BY WHICH BETA2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATION ON A B CELL REGULATES IgE PRODUCTION." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243988870.

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Chan, Po-tong Timothy. "Adrenergic control and its mechanism of stimulation of electrogenic anion secretion in primary cultures of rat epididymal eipthelial cells /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13183308.

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Pham, Michael N. "Erythropoietin Stimulation of Mitochondrial Protein Content - A Potential Mechanism through Direct Binding of Erythropoietin Receptor and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321354.

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Proliferating cells have unique metabolic requirements beyond those of quiescent cells. Specifically, blood forming hematopoietic stem cells, during periods of severe blood loss, switch from a quiescent glycolytic state to a state dependent on mitochondrial metabolism during differentiation and proliferation. This dissertation attempts to define some of the signaling details of this switch by using erythropoietin receptor signaling as a model. In cytokine-dependent Ba/F3 cell line expressing the receptor for erythropoietin (EpoR) (Ba/F3-EpoR), chemical inhibition of mitochondrial function by rotenone decreases in erythropoietin(Epo)-stimulated proliferation. This observation led to the examination of whether Epo could stimulate mitochondrial function. To further assess the role of mitochondria in cell proliferation and the metabolic functions of Epo, levels of oxidative phosphorylation markers and signaling molecules important for mitochondrial biogenesis were measured. Western blotting scans showed increased protein levels of cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (CoxIV) and Complex III core protein 2 following 24 hours of Epo treatment. Interestingly, inhibition of Janus Kinase 2 (Jak2), the tyrosine kinase associated with Epo receptor, by AG490 elicited a similar decrease in CoxIV to Epo withdrawal even in the presence of Epo. In addition, Epo increased the levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) in a Jak2-dependent manner within Ba/F3 cells. Both total and phosphorylated (activated) AMPKα were increased following Epo stimulation. Treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C decreased Epo stimulation of CoxIV, suggesting a linear signaling cascade from Jak2 to mitochondrial biogenesis through AMPKα. Examining potential mechanisms, direct binding of AMPKα to (EpoR) and Jak2 were observed through immunoprecipitations of transfected lysates in a manner exclusive to AMPK regulator subunits β and γ. Furthermore AMPKα was found to be tyrosine phosphorylated in an Epo and Jak2 dependent manner. Taken together, data in this dissertation suggests a role for Epo in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in cytokine dependent cells through a potential mechanism of forming a signaling complex between EpoR, Jak2, and AMPKα. This signaling complex may provide intersection between Epo's signaling in cell proliferation and metabolism through AMPKα.
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Padro, Caroline Jeannette. "A Study of the Distal Molecular Mechanism by which Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation on a B Cell Regulates IgE Production." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1384763500.

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Books on the topic "Mechanism of stimulation"

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Malde, Prupti. Mechanism of stimulation of cell proliferation by interleukin-2. Brunel University, 1992.

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H, Vandenburgh Herman, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Mechanical stimulation of skeletal muscle increases prostaglandin F[́alpha] synthesis and cyclooxygenase activity by a pertussis toxin sensitive mechanism. Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine and the Miriam Hospital, 1992.

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Jacobsson, Eva. Natiuresis due to stimulation of central Na/osmoreceptors: Mediators and intravenal mechanisms. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1994.

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Symposium on the Regulation and Action of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (1990 Evanston, Ill.). Follicle stimulating hormone: Regulation of secretion and molecular mechanisms of action. Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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International Workshop on Epileptic Seizure Prediction (3rd 2007 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany). Seizure prediction in epilepsy: From basic mechanisms to clinical applications. Wiley-VCH, 2008.

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Gregory, Bock, and Goode Jamie, eds. The molecular basis of cellular defence mechanisms. Wiley, 1997.

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McClure, Mark W. Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation: Coupling Flow and Geomechanics. Springer International Publishing, 2013.

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P, Currier Dean, and Nelson Roger M, eds. Dynamics of human biologic tissue. F.A. Davis, 1992.

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P, Currier Dean, and Nelson Roger M, eds. Dynamics of human biologic tissues. F.A. Davis, 1992.

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E, Groopman Jerome, Golde David W, Evans Charles H. 1940-, Hoffmann-La Roche inc, Smith, Kline & French Laboratories., and University of California, Los Angeles., eds. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of biologicals in cancer and immune deficiency disorders: Proceedings of a Hoffmann-La Roche-Smith Kline & French-UCLA symposium, held at Keystone, Colorado, April 23-30, 1988. Liss, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanism of stimulation"

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Iqbal, Mohammed Ismail, and Vamsi Krishna Kudapa. "Matrix Stimulation." In Oil Well Production Mechanism. River Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003605706-7.

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Song, Yan, Xinmin Zhang, and Shaobo Liu. "Stimulation Mechanism and Application." In Coalbed Methane in China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4725-0_11.

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Vedam-Mai, Vinata, Michael S. Okun, and Elly M. Hol. "The Potential Role of Nonneuronal Cells in the Deep Brain Stimulation Mechanism." In Deep Brain Stimulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30991-5_19.

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Nambu, Atsushi, and Satomi Chiken. "Mechanism of DBS: Inhibition, Excitation, or Disruption?" In Deep Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08476-3_2.

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Baranowski, Thomas J., and Jonathan Black. "The Mechanism of Faradic Stimulation of Osteogenesis." In Mechanistic Approaches to Interactions of Electric and Electromagnetic Fields with Living Systems. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1968-7_24.

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Fitzgerald, Paul B., and Z. Jeff Daskalakis. "The Mechanism of Action of rTMS." In Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment for Depressive Disorders. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36467-9_3.

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Schmitz, Wilhelm, C. Kohl, J. Neumann, H. Scholz, and J. Scholz. "On the mechanism of positive inotropic effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists." In Inotropic Stimulation and Myocardial Energetics. Steinkopff, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07908-9_4.

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Covaciu, Florin, Bogdan Gherman, Adrian Pisla, Giuseppe Carbone, and Doina Pisla. "Rehabilitation System with Integrated Visual Stimulation." In New Trends in Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55061-5_16.

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Farah, A. E., and C. J. Frangakis. "Studies on the mechanism of action of the bipyridine milrinone on the heart." In Inotropic Stimulation and Myocardial Energetics. Steinkopff, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07908-9_9.

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Visser, Hans. "The Exchange Rate as an Export-Stimulation Mechanism." In Latin America’s New Insertion in the World Economy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24720-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanism of stimulation"

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Takuma, Ryo, Koki Yamashita, Yugo Kitagawa, et al. "Development of Local Mechanical Stimulation Method for Clarifying Mechanism of Ultrasound Neuromodulation." In 2024 16th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon64021.2024.10896270.

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Velazquez, Ramiro, Jerome Szewczyk, Edwige Pissaloux, and Moustapha Hafez. "Touch stimulation through an SMA-actuated micro-mechanism." In Wilga - DL Tentative. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.610764.

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Golubeva, A., and E. Magaril. "Improved economic stimulation mechanism to reduce vehicle CO2emissions." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2013. WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut130391.

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Wang Xing-Wei, Da-Peng Qu, and Min Huang. "Selfish nodes detection mechanism and stimulation mechanism over mobile peer-to-peer networks." In 2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2012.6360874.

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Vertakova, Yulia. "INVESTMENT MECHANISM OF STIMULATION OF CLUSTER INITIATIVES IN THE REGION." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b22/s7.099.

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Lee, Kendall H., Su-Youne Chang, Dong-Pyo Jang, et al. "Emerging techniques for elucidating mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090152.

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Bröker, K., B. Valley, N. Gholizadeh Doonechaly, et al. "The Influence of Stress Heterogeneity on Hectometer Scale Hydraulic Stimulation Experiments." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0502.

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ABSTRACT: From 2022 to 2023, a series of hydraulic stimulation experiments were conducted at the Bedretto Underground Laboratory in Switzerland (BedrettoLab) to study the creation of an engineered geothermal reservoir in crystalline rock. A 400 m long stimulation borehole was divided into 14 intervals using a multi-packer system. During the volume characterization, an azimuthal rotation of borehole breakouts was observed, indicating a stress perturbation caused by a major fault zone intersecting the experimental volume. In this study, we present the seismo-hydromechanical observations from seven hydraulic stimulations in four selected intervals. This is the first systematic comparison of repeated stimulations in different intervals at the BedrettoLab. Two of these intervals are neighboring the fault zone, while the other two are located further away. We utilize data from a dense multiparameter monitoring network to show that the stress perturbation affects the reactivation of similarly oriented pre-existing fractures. In our example, the stress perturbation caused by the fault zone prevents the reactivation of structures in the nearby interval, while similar structures are clearly reactivated in the three other intervals. Reactivation pressures from pressure-flow rate plots agree with the pressures encountered at the onset of seismicity. Given that the prevailing fractures are well oriented for shear reactivation within the far field stress field, hydraulic shearing is considered the probable reactivation mechanism. 1 INTRODUCTION Interest in engineered geothermal systems (EGS) as a low emission, renewable energy source (Lu, 2018; Aghahosseini and Breyer, 2020) has grown since the late 2000s. In Central Europe, EGS reservoirs with sufficiently high temperatures are located at depths of several kilometers, where the permeability of the crystalline basement rocks is insufficient for geothermal energy extraction. Permeability enhancement is achieved through hydraulic stimulation, which can involve hydraulic shearing of natural fractures or shear zones, hydraulic fracturing of intact rock, or a combination of both (McClure and Horne, 2014). This permeability enhancement goes hand in hand with induced seismicity, which can reach damaging levels if large fault zones are reactivated (e.g. Deichmann and Giardini, 2009; Evans et al., 2012; Ellsworth et al., 2019). To address this challenge, several scaled-down in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments have been conducted at decameter scale in underground research laboratories in representative crystalline rock types (e.g. Amann et al., 2018; Zimmermann et al., 2019; Schoenball et al., 2020; Fu et al., 2021).
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Barradas, Orlanda, Donato Viegas, Antonio Cabuco, et al. "Effective Sandstone Acidizing of Horizontal Openhole Subsea Wells from Intervention Vessel: Challenges, Lessons Learned and Results." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208825-ms.

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Abstract Gravel-packed wells in the "C" field located in offshore Angola are prone to damage by a variety of factors including scales, fines migration, paraffin and asphaltene deposition resulting in skin values of 45-95. This paper focuses on the approach used for 2 subsea open hole gravel packed wells located within "C" field. Rigless subsea stimulations in approximately 470 m of water using an intervention vessel with the downline deployed via the vessel moonpool. Additionally, a stimulation vessel was utilized to provide pumping and fluid capacity without disturbing the primary intervention operations. This paper documents the efforts made to restore the wells forecasted production by bullheading the acid stimulation treatment from the stimulation vessel through the open-water hydraulic access system installed on the intervention vessel. Well history attributes the impairment to fines migration accumulation and scale and paraffins deposition. The proposed stimulation fluids were designed to treat as many damage mechanisms as possible during a single intervention. The basis for design incorporated a primary solvent pre-flush to clean possible paraffin and asphaltene deposition as well as prepare the reservoir and proppant pack for further stimulation fluids by stripping away hydrocarbon residue. The preflush was followed by a second treatment fluid consisting of HCl acid to remove any carbonate-based damage. The final treatment fluid utilizing a combination of HCl acid and hydrofluoric acid (HF) was specifically designed to remove fines contained in the gravel pack and screens. Injectivity tests were performed to evaluate the reservoir prior to and after the acid treatment as well as to help understand the damage mechanism. Based on the bottomhole pressure response during acid-treatment stages, measurable improvements were evident on both wells, which supports the pre-treatment damage diagnosis. The efficient and cost-effective execution of the treatment campaign, combined with the conclusive post-stimulation production data, confirms the effectiveness of open-water hydraulic access by utilizing an intervention vessel and a stimulation vessel, allowing to provide pumping and fluid capacity without disturbing the primary intervention operations on complex subsea wells. Post-stimulation results after the successful removal of wellbore scale and formation damage in the two subsea wells showed an average increase in oil production of 60%. Skin damage was reduced by 66% on Well A and a complete removal of skin on Well B. The results confirm the effectiveness of cost-driven acid stimulations on complex subsea wells without the use of a drilling rig as well as demonstrating the ability to address multiple damage mechanisms from a single intervention.
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Xie, Xiaojuan, Haining Chen, and Hongyi Wu. "Bargain-based Stimulation Mechanism for Selfish Mobile Nodes in Participatory Sensing Network." In 2009 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2009.5168911.

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Song, Sheng, Fei-fan Zhou, Si-hua Yang, and Wei R. Chen. "Molecular mechanism of PDT-induced apoptotic cells stimulation NO production in macrophages." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Wei R. Chen. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.874324.

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Reports on the topic "Mechanism of stimulation"

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Kirchstetter, Thomas. Mixed-Mechanism Stimulation Enabled Enhanced Geothermal Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1755429.

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Merkulova, Yuliya. Роль системы показателей в технологии оптимизации и баланса множества данных спроса и предложения. Yuliya Merkulova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0431.26042021.

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Article is devoted to significant problems of creation of system of the indicators for stimulation of balance of supply and demand of products. It is very important for increase of competitiveness of products. The new methodology of calculation of target function of a product and indicators of its efficiency is offered in article. The special place in article is devoted to methodology of definition of an indicator of aggregate useful effect, which includes useful effect of the producer and consumer and promotes balance of their interests. All offered indicators of efficiency of a product are interconnected with each other and only in united system possess the stimulating mechanism of balance of supply and demand. They promote increase of effectiveness of process of planning and allow to find reserves for increase of competitiveness of products.
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Sirivat, Anuvat. Electrically controlled release of drugs from alginate hydrogels for transdermal drug delivery application. Chulalongkorn University, 2014. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2014.80.

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A drug-loaded conductive polymer/hydrogel blend, benzoic acid-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/alginate (BA-loaded PEDOT/Alg) hydrogel, was used as a carrier/matrix for an electrical stimuli transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). The effects of crosslinking ratio, PEDOT particle size, and electric field strength on the release mechanism and the diffusion coefficient (D) of BA were examined by using a modified Franz-diffusion cell. The diffusion scaling exponent value of BA is close to 0.5 which refers to the diffusion controlled mechanism, or the Fickian diffusion as the BA release mechanism. The D increased when there was a decrease in the crosslinking ratio due to the mesh size-hindering effect. When increasing electric field strength, the D of BA-loaded PEDOT/Alg hydrogel increased because the cathode-BA electrorepulsion, electro-induced alginate expansion, and PEDOT electro-neutralization simultaneously occurred. The highest D belonged to a blend with the smallest PEDOT particle and highest electrical conductivity. The D of BA was a function of the matrix mesh size except when drug size/mesh size was lower than 2.38x10³, where D of BA became mesh size independent as the matrix mesh size was extremely large. Thus, the fabricated conductive polymer hydrogel blends have a great potential to be used in TDDS under electrical stimulation.
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WU, Jingyi, Jiaqi LI, Ananda Sidarta, and Patrick Wai Hang Kwong. Neural mechanisms of bimanual coordination in humans and application of neuromodulation therapy: a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0080.

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Background: Bimanual coordination deficits are one of the most common characteristics of people with stroke, which have an adverse influence on their independence of activities daily living and other occupational activities. Existing studies and reviews mainly focused on how to improve motor impairment of the affected limb and cortical activation and functional connectivity in the impaired brain hemisphere by a series of rehabilitation strategies, e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation and rehabilitation robotics. It should be noted that functional bilateral abilities are not a simple compound and a combination of one-handed skills. Therefore, the bimanual coordination dysfunctions still need to be explored and addressed in clinical practice. Better understandings of the neural mechanisms underlying bilateral cooperative tasks in healthy subjects and changes in neural activities in stroke patients help foster the development of effective rehabilitation strategies, such as TMS and tDCS, and enhance the bimanual coordination through stimulating altered cortical areas, which is essential for boosting the independence and quality of daily life in stroke individuals.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert, and B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are <100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.
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Scott, Ann, Joanna Duncan, David Tivey, and Wendy Babidge. Paediatric deep brain stimulation. The Sax Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/iksx3206.

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This review aimed to assess the evidence around the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for paediatric patients with severe dystonia. It aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Is paediatric DBS safe, efficacious and cost effective when compared with best supportive care?, 2) Is DBS more safe or more effective for some types of paediatric dystonia than others? Are there agreed patient selection criteria?, 3) What models of care and service delivery or access and funding mechanisms are established to deliver paediatric DBS internationally?. The available evidence is limited but the growing body of level IV evidence generally supports use of DBS for improving motor function and disability. More data is needed that looks as other aspects of patient wellbeing.
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Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir, and Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.

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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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Barash, Itamar, and Robert E. Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms that Govern Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586474.bard.

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Original objectives: The long term objective of the project is to achieve higher content of protein in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational machinery in the mammary gland. The first specific aim of the BARD proposal was to characterize responsiveness of various experimental systems to combination of lactogenic hormones and amino acids with particular emphasis on discrimination between the control of total protein synthesis and milk protein synthesis. Based on the results, we planned to proceed by characterizing the stage of protein synthesis in which the stimulation by lactogenic hormones and amino acid occur and finally we proposed to identify which components of the translation machinery are modified. Background to the topic: Milk protein is the most valuable component in milk, both for direct human consumption and for manufacturing cheese and other protein-based products. Attempts to augment protein content by the traditional methods of genetic selection and improved nutritional regimes have failed. The proposal was based on recent results suggesting that the limiting factor for augmenting protein synthesis in the bovine mammary gland is the efficiency of converting amino acids to milk proteins. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Insulin and prolactin synergistically stimulate â-casein mRNA translation by cytoplasmatic polyadenylation. The interaction between insulin and prolactin was demonstrated two decades ago as crucial for milk-protein synthesis, but the molecular mechanisms involved were not elucidated. We found in differentiated CID 9 mouse mammary epithelial cells line that insulin and prolactin synergistically increases the rate of milk protein mRNA translation. We focused on â-casein, the major milk protein, and found that the increase in â-casein mRNA translation was reflected in a shift to larger polysomes, indicating an effect on translational initiation. Inhibitors of the PI3K, mTOR, and MAPK pathways blocked insulin-stimulated total protein and â-casein synthesis but not the synergistic stimulation. Conversely, cordycepin, a polyadenylation inhibitor, abolished synergistic stimulation of protein synthesis without affecting insulin-stimulated translation. The poly(A) tract of â-casein mRNA progressively increased over 30 min of treatment with insulin plus prolactin. The 3’-untranslated region of â-casein mRNA was found to contain a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), and in reporter constructs, this was sufficient for the translational enhancement and mRNA-specific polyadenylation. Furthermore, insulin and prolactin stimulated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) but did not increase cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.

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Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Sanchez-Aragon, Leonardo, Gonzalo E. Sánchez, and Wladimir Zanoni. Stimulating Local Economies through Central Transfers: A Natural Experiment from Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013554.

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This paper investigates the causal effects of central-to-local government transfers on local economic activity in Ecuador, utilizing exogenous variation from a reform in the intergovernmental transfer formula implemented in 2018. Addressing gaps in the fiscal decentralization literature, this study provides quasi-experimental evidence from a developing country context. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that a 1% increase in transfers leads to a 1. 19%-1. 26% increase in local business sales, particularly for small and medium enterprises. We identify recurrent spend- ing, primarily current expenditure, such as personnel costs, as the main transmission mechanism, challenging prior literature that emphasizes investment spending. This research contributes novel empirical insights into how transfers impact local economies in middle-income countries and provides relevant policy implications for effectively structuring fiscal decentralization in resource-dependent contexts.
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