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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanism of stimulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Di, Ya-Li, Xiao-Ming Lu, Zu-Qing Zhu, and Fu-Xing Zhu. "Time Course of Carbendazim Stimulation on Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Indicates a Direct Stimulation Mechanism." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (2016): 1454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-15-1349-re.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that subtoxic doses of carbendazim have a stimulatory effect on pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on rapeseed plants. The present study focused on the time-course profile of the stimulatory effect and its relevance to stimulation mechanisms. At 12 h postinoculation (HPI), initial necrotic lesions were visible only for rapeseed leaves treated with carbendazim at 0.2 and 1 μg/ml, whereas no disease symptoms were observed for the nontreated control. At 18 HPI, carbendazim stimulation on pathogenicity was more obvious than at 12 HPI. Study with scanning e

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Gupta, Abhinav. "The Physics, Mechanism, and Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 9 (2023): 2032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23927192431.

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3

Ivashchenko, A. A. "A Competitive Stimulation Mechanism." Automation and Remote Control 66, no. 10 (2005): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10513-005-0200-4.

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4

Young, Ronald F., and V. Israel Chambi. "Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter." Journal of Neurosurgery 66, no. 3 (1987): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.66.3.0364.

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✓ Pain relief following stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) or periventricular gray matter (PVG) in man has been ascribed to stimulation-induced release of endogenous opioid substances. Forty-five patients were studied and followed for at least 1 year after placement of chronic stimulating electrodes in the PAG or PVG to determine if pain relief due to stimulation could be ascribed to an endogenous opioid mechanism. Three criteria were assessed: 1) the development of tolerance to stimulation; 2) the possibility of cross-tolerance to morphine; and 3) reversibility of stimulation

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Sakata, Shuji, Fumio Shima, Motohiro Kato, and Masashi Fukui. "Dissociated mesencephalic responses to medial and ventral thalamic nuclei stimulation in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 70, no. 3 (1989): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.70.3.0446.

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✓ To investigate the mechanism of analgesia noted with electrical stimulation of the thalamic sensory relay nucleus and medial thalamus, modulations of neuronal activities in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) were studied in response to electrical stimulations of the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) and parafascicular nucleus (Pf) and to peripheral noxious stimulations in rats. Extracellular single-unit activities were recorded from 102 neurons in the PAG and the adjacent area in animals under halothane anesthesia. A large population (83%) of the PAG neurons reacted to Pf stimulations wit

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Ismarrubie, Z. N., Han Lin Goh, S. Masuri, and Hanafiah Yussof. "Bio-Mechanism Response of Mimosa Pudica against External Stimulation." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.588.

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Mimosa Pudica (also known as Pokok Semalu) is an action plant with unique biological cell mechanism that has great potential to be explored for next generation biomechatronics devices. The motion principle of each petiole movement occurs by an organ of motion, called pulvinus. The behavior analysis of the Mimosa Pudica plant main pulvinus and petiole against external stimulations has been investigated. The response of the plant cell was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). External stimulation tests on Mimosa Pudica plant such as mechanical, electrical and light stimula

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Dean, J. C., L. M. Yates, and D. F. Collins. "Turning on the central contribution to contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 1 (2007): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01361.2006.

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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can generate contractions through peripheral and central mechanisms. Direct activation of motor axons (peripheral mechanism) recruits motor units in an unnatural order, with fatigable muscle fibers often activated early in contractions. The activation of sensory axons can produce contractions through a central mechanism, providing excitatory synaptic input to spinal neurons that recruit motor units in the natural order. Presently, we quantified the effect of stimulation frequency (10–100 Hz), duration (0.25–2 s of high-frequency bursts, or 20 s of constant-

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Ueno, Shogo, and Tsuruo Matsuda. "Mechanism of Orientation of Stimulating Currents in Magnetic Brain Stimulation." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 111, no. 9 (1991): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.111.9_789.

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Chiken, Satomi, and Atsushi Nambu. "Mechanism of Deep Brain Stimulation." Neuroscientist 22, no. 3 (2015): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858415581986.

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Heinen, S. J., D. K. Oh, and E. L. Keller. "Characteristics of Nystagmus Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of The Uvular/Nodular Lobules of the Cerebellum in Monkey." Journal of Vestibular Research 2, no. 3 (1992): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1992-2306.

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Electrical stimulation in the monkey vestibulocerebellum has previously been shown to produce ocular nystagmus, but large stimulating current values were used. Using long duration (⩽10-second) stimulus pulse trains and low current values (<50 μA), we studied the nystagmus evoked by microstimulation in the uvular/nodular regions of the cerebellum. In doing this, we found quantitative differences in the nystagmus evoked from these two regions. Stimulation of the nodulus typically produced a vigorous nystagmus with a contralateral slow phase and a prolonged afternystagmus in the same direction

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Ma, Hanqing, Bing Jia, Yuye Li, and Huaguang Gu. "Excitability and Threshold Mechanism for Enhanced Neuronal Response Induced by Inhibition Preceding Excitation." Neural Plasticity 2021 (January 18, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6692411.

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Postinhibitory facilitation (PIF) of neural firing presents a paradoxical phenomenon that the inhibitory effect induces enhancement instead of reduction of the firing activity, which plays important roles in sound location of the auditory nervous system, awaited theoretical explanations. In the present paper, excitability and threshold mechanism for the PIF phenomenon is presented in the Morris-Lecar model with type I, II, and III excitabilities. Firstly, compared with the purely excitatory stimulations applied to the steady state, the inhibitory preceding excitatory stimulation to form pairs

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Jia, Ying, Junmei Zhang, Bo Chen, et al. "Strain Stimulations with Different Intensities on Fibroblast Viability and Protein Expression." Open Life Sciences 12, no. 1 (2017): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2017-0033.

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AbstractBackgroundMechanical stimulation via acupuncture and tuina massage triggers various cell responses. This study aims to understand these cellular bio-physical mechanisms by investigating the effect of different stimulation intensities on cell viability and protein expression.MethodologyConnective tissue fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. Three varying intensities of mechanical strain stimulation were applied to the cells, either once or three times and compared with non-stimulated controls. Changes in fibroblast viability and fibroblast protein expression were observed.ResultsStrain st

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Sivanesan, Eellan. "IS015 MECHANISM OF PERIPHERAL NERVE STIMULATION (PNS), SPINAL CORD STIMULATION (SCS): SUPRASPINAL MECHANISMS AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION (MOA)." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 28, no. 1 (2025): S8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurom.2024.09.024.

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Ueno, S., and T. Matsuda. "Mechanism of orientation of stimulating currents in magnetic brain stimulation (abstract)." Journal of Applied Physics 69, no. 8 (1991): 6023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347801.

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Yamaguchi, Masuhiro, Satoshi Yamada, Nobuo Daimon, Isao Yamamoto, Tadashi Kawakami, and Toshibumi Takenaka. "Electromagnetic mechanism of magnetic nerve stimulation." Journal of Applied Physics 66, no. 3 (1989): 1459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344421.

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Nielsen, Ingolf, and Inge Møller. "ON THE MECHANISM OF RENIN STIMULATION." Acta Medica Scandinavica 186, no. 1-6 (2009): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1969.tb01510.x.

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Karthikeyan C, Mugilan M, Nithish S, Ranjithkumar S, and Abinesh M. "Phishing Attack Stimulation and Prevention Mechanism." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1029–34. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2025.0168.

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Phishing attacks have become one of the most prevalent cyber security threats, exploiting social engineering techniques to deceive users into revealing sensitive information such as passwords, banking details, and personal data. Cybercriminals continuously refine their tactics, making traditional security measures like blacklists and rule-based filters less effective. To address this challenge, we propose a machine learning (ML)–based browser extension designed to detect and prevent phishing attempts in real-time. Initially developed for Google Chrome but adaptable to other browsers, the exten

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Herrington, Todd M., Jennifer J. Cheng, and Emad N. Eskandar. "Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (2016): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00281.2015.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia and, to a lesser extent, certain treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rather than a single unifying mechanism, DBS likely acts via several, nonexclusive mechanisms including local and network-wide electrical and neurochemical effects of stimulation, modulation of oscillatory activity, synaptic plasticity, and, potentially, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. These different mechanisms vary in importanc

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McGee, Meredith J., Zachary C. Danziger, Jeremy A. Bamford, and Warren M. Grill. "A spinal GABAergic mechanism is necessary for bladder inhibition by pudendal afferent stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 307, no. 8 (2014): F921—F930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00330.2014.

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Electrical stimulation of pudendal afferents can inhibit bladder contractions and increase bladder capacity. Recent results suggest that stimulation-evoked bladder inhibition is mediated by a mechanism other than activation of sympathetic bladder efferents in the hypogastric nerve, generating α-adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition at the vesical ganglia and/or β-adrenergic receptor-mediated direct inhibition of the detrusor muscle. We investigated several inhibitory neurotransmitters that may instead be necessary for stimulation-evoked inhibition and found that intravenous picrotoxin, a non

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Myruta, Nataliia M., and Volodymyr A. Zhovnir. "Formation of the Mechanism of Communication Management." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 62 (2024): 199–207. https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2024-4-199-207.

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The article defines the concept of «mechanism of communication management» and considers the approach to its formation. It is found that its formation is influenced by the type of leader, the corporate culture present in the organization and, therefore, the management style and form of management of the organization and communications. On the basis of the studies, the authors propose a scheme of the sequence of formation of the mechanism of communication management depending on the form of management: centralized or decentralized. The proposed scheme contains stages common to both forms of com

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Yang, Hong, Yinpei Luo, Qingrong Hu, Xuelong Tian, and Huizhong Wen. "Benefits in Alzheimer’s Disease of Sensory and Multisensory Stimulation." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 2 (2021): 463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201554.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease, which seriously affects the behavior, cognition, and memory of patients. Studies have shown that sensory stimulation can effectively improve the cognition and memory of AD patients, and its role in brain plasticity and neural regulation is initially revealed. This paper aims to review the effect of various sensory stimulation and multisensory stimulation for AD, and to explain the possible mechanism, so as to provide some new ideas for further research in this field. We searched the Web of Science and PubMed databases (from 2000

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Lin, Tiffany, Akshat Gargya, Harmandeep Singh, Eellan Sivanesan, and Amitabh Gulati. "Mechanism of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Chronic Pain." Pain Medicine 21, Supplement_1 (2020): S6—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa164.

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Abstract Introduction With the advancement of technology, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been increasingly used to treat various chronic pain conditions. Its origin is based on the gate control theory postulated by Wall and Melzack in 1965. However, the exact mechanism behind PNS’ analgesic effect is largely unknown. In this article, we performed a comprehensive literature review to overview the PNS mechanism of action. Design A comprehensive literature review on the mechanism of PNS in chronic pain. Methods Comprehensive review of the available literature on the mechanism of PNS in ch

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23

Herness, M. S. "Neurophysiological and biophysical evidence on the mechanism of electric taste." Journal of General Physiology 86, no. 1 (1985): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.86.1.59.

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The phenomenon of electric taste was investigated by recording from the chorda tympani nerve of the rat in response to both electrical and chemical stimulations of the tongue with electrolytes in order to gain some insight into its mechanism on both a neurophysiological and biophysical basis. The maximum neural response levels were identical for an individual salt (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, or CaCl2), whether it was presented as a chemical solution or as an anodal stimulus through a subthreshold solution. These observations support the idea that stimulation occurs by iontophoresis of ions to the recept

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Gomez-Muñoz, A., P. Hales, and D. N. Brindley. "Unsaturated fatty acids activate glycogen phosphorylase in cultured rat hepatocytes." Biochemical Journal 276, no. 1 (1991): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2760209.

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Oleate, linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate, but not myristate, palmitate and stearate, stimulated glycogen phosphorylase activity by 2-8-fold when added to cultured rat hepatocytes. Addition of BSA or Ca2- to the incubation medium decreased the stimulating effects of the unsaturated fatty acids. The combination of oleate or linolenate, with corticosterone, testosterone or estradiol produced synergistic stimulations of phosphorylase activity. The stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase activity by linolenate was inhibited by staurosporine or sphingosine. Staurosporine (80 n

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Doukas, MA, EO Niskanen, and PJ Quesenberry. "Lithium stimulation of granulopoiesis in diffusion chambers--a model of a humoral, indirect stimulation of stem cell proliferation." Blood 65, no. 1 (1985): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.1.163.bloodjournal651163.

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Lithium has been recognized as a stimulator of granulopoiesis both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism by which lithium provokes this stimulation is unclear, with previous data focusing on such divergent causes as direct effects on progenitor cells v elevations in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) production. In the present study, we used a model system of granulopoiesis in diffusion chambers to study this stimulation of granulopoiesis. Lithium pretreatment of mice followed by a rest period to allow for excretion of the lithium (confirmed by serum assays) revealed a s

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Toda, N., and T. Okamura. "Mechanism underlying the response to vasodilator nerve stimulation in isolated dog and monkey cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 5 (1990): H1511—H1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.5.h1511.

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Relaxant responses to transmural electrical stimulation and nicotine of cerebral artery strips obtained from dogs and Japanese monkeys were abolished by tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium, respectively, and suppressed by treatment with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor. The inhibitory effect was prevented and reversed by L-arginine but not by D-arginine. The relaxations suppressed by L-NMMA were not increased by exogenously applied NO. Endothelium denudation did not alter the response to transmural stimulation and nicotine or the inhibitory effect of L-NMMA

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Bossuyt, X., and N. Blanckaert. "Mechanism of stimulation of microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine." Biochemical Journal 305, no. 1 (1995): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3050321.

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We propose the existence in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of two asymmetric carrier systems. One system couples UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc) transport to UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGlcA) transport. When UDPGlcNAc was presented at the cytosolic side of the ER, it then acted as a weak inhibitor of UDPGlcA uptake. By contrast, UDPGlcNAc produced a forceful trans-stimulation of microsomal UDPGlcA uptake when it was present within the lumen of the ER. Likewise, cytosolic UDPGlcA strongly trans-stimulated efflux of intravesicular UDPGlcNAc, whereas cytosolic UDPGlcNAc was ineffective in t

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Hernandez, I., and J. Chacin. "Mechanism of cholinergic stimulation of glucose oxidation in isolated gastric glands." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 267, no. 2 (1994): G227—G234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.267.2.g227.

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The mechanisms of cholinergic activation of carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in isolated rabbit gastric glands. Carbachol stimulated the rate of glucose oxidation in a dose-dependent fashion with a half-maximal effect occurring at approximately 9 microM. Atropine and omeprazole, but not cimetidine, completely blocked the stimulation induced by carbachol. Direct activation of the H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase by NH+4 caused a significant stimulation of glucose oxidation that was totally abolished by oligomycin and by the mitochondrial uncouplers dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide p

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Cong, Menglong, Shun He, Hongju Ma, Guoqing Li, and Fuxing Zhu. "Hormetic Effects of Carbendazim on the Virulence of Botrytis cinerea." Plant Disease 102, no. 5 (2018): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-17-1602-re.

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The ascomycete plant-pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea infects more than 1,400 plant species worldwide. Stimulatory effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant pathogens are of close relevance to disease management. In the present study, stimulatory effects of carbendazim on the virulence of B. cinerea to cucumber plants were investigated. Spraying carbendazim on cucumber plants at 3 to 200 μg/ml had stimulatory effects on the virulence of carbendazim-resistant isolates of B. cinerea and the maximum percent stimulations were 16.7 and 13.5% for isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491, respectivel

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Al-Fatly, Bassam. "Coherence: a unifying mechanism of deep brain stimulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 1 (2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00563.2018.

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Deep brain stimulation is a powerful neurostimulation technique that proved its efficacy in treating a group of neurological diseases. Several scientific works tried to understand the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. Wang et al. ( J Neurosci 38: 4556–4568, 2018) demonstrated new evidence on the role of interregional neuro-oscillatory coherence as a promising model to explain mechanism the of deep brain stimulation.

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Doukas, MA, EO Niskanen, and PJ Quesenberry. "Lithium stimulation of granulopoiesis in diffusion chambers--a model of a humoral, indirect stimulation of stem cell proliferation." Blood 65, no. 1 (1985): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.1.163.163.

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Abstract Lithium has been recognized as a stimulator of granulopoiesis both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism by which lithium provokes this stimulation is unclear, with previous data focusing on such divergent causes as direct effects on progenitor cells v elevations in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) production. In the present study, we used a model system of granulopoiesis in diffusion chambers to study this stimulation of granulopoiesis. Lithium pretreatment of mice followed by a rest period to allow for excretion of the lithium (confirmed by serum assays) rev

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Kumari, Lekshmy, and Abbas Kouzani. "Phase-Dependent Deep Brain Stimulation: A Review." Brain Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040414.

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Neural oscillations are repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous systems. Oscillations of the neurons in different frequency bands are evident in electroencephalograms and local field potential measurements. These oscillations are understood to be one of the key mechanisms for carrying out normal functioning of the brain. Abnormality in any of these frequency bands of oscillations can lead to impairments in different cognitive and memory functions leading to different pathological conditions of the nervous system. However, the exact role of these neural oscillations in est

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Sidorov, Veniamin Y., Marcella C. Woods, Petra Baudenbacher, and Franz Baudenbacher. "Examination of stimulation mechanism and strength-interval curve in cardiac tissue." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 289, no. 6 (2005): H2602—H2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00968.2004.

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Understanding the basic mechanisms of excitability through the cardiac cycle is critical to both the development of new implantable cardiac stimulators and improvement of the pacing protocol. Although numerous works have examined excitability in different phases of the cardiac cycle, no systematic experimental research has been conducted to elucidate the correlation among the virtual electrode polarization pattern, stimulation mechanism, and excitability under unipolar cathodal and anodal stimulation. We used a high-resolution imaging system to study the spatial and temporal stimulation patter

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Chen, Yongyue, Guillermo A. Altenberg, and Luis Reuss. "Mechanism of activation of Xenopus CFTR by stimulation of PKC." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 5 (2004): C1256—C1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00229.2004.

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PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the regulatory (R) domain plays a major role in the activation of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (hCFTR). In contrast, the effect of PKC-mediated phosphorylation is controversial, smaller than that of PKA, and dependent on the cell type. In the present study, we expressed Xenopus CFTR ( XCFTR) and hCFTR in Xenopus oocytes and examined their responses (i.e., macroscopic membrane conductance) to maximal stimulation by PKC and PKA agonists. With XCFTR, the average response to PKC was approximately sixfold that of PKA stimulation. In c

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WATANABE, Hisashi. "Mechanism of Bio-stimulation Effect by Laser." Journal of Japanese Society for Laser Dentistry 21, no. 3 (2010): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5984/jjpnsoclaserdent.21.169.

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Calabrese, Edward J. "Overcompensation Stimulation: A Mechanism for Hormetic Effects." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 31, no. 4-5 (2001): 425–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20014091111749.

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Zagoory, Orna, Alex Braiman, and Zvi Priel. "The Mechanism of Ciliary Stimulation by Acetylcholine." Journal of General Physiology 119, no. 4 (2002): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028519.

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Stimulation of ciliary cells through muscarinic receptors leads to a strong biphasic enhancement of ciliary beat frequency (CBF). The main goal of this work is to delineate the chain of molecular events that lead to the enhancement of CBF induced by acetylcholine (ACh). Here we show that the Ca2+, cGMP, and cAMP signaling pathways are intimately interconnected in the process of cholinergic ciliary stimulation. ACh induces profound time-dependent increase in cGMP and cAMP concentrations mediated by the calcium–calmodulin complex. The initial strong CBF enhancement in response to ACh is mainly g

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Hallett, Mark. "Mechanism of neuroplasticity by transcranial magnetic stimulation." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 102, no. 1 (1997): P3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)86214-1.

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Elman, I., D. S. Goldstein, C. Holmes, et al. "Mechanism of peripheral noradrenergic stimulation by clozapine." Schizophrenia Research 29, no. 1-2 (1998): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)88661-6.

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Elman, I. "Mechanism of Peripheral Noradrenergic Stimulation by Clozapine." Neuropsychopharmacology 20, no. 1 (1999): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00047-5.

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Coffey, Ronald G. "Mechanism of GM-CSF stimulation of neutrophils." Immunologic Research 8, no. 3 (1989): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02918148.

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Rassam, Amer G., Patrick Martin, Mark R. Burge, and David S. Schade. "The mechanism of glucose-induced catecholamine stimulation." Metabolism 51, no. 6 (2002): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/meta.2002.32624.

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Chen, Zhen, and Kezhou Liu. "Mechanism and Applications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 47, no. 2 (2025): 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47020122.

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Over the past three decades, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a promising rehabilitation therapy for a diverse range of conditions, demonstrating substantial clinical potential. This review summarizes the in vivo biological mechanisms activated by VNS and their corresponding clinical applications. Furthermore, it outlines the selection of parameters and equipment for VNS implementation. VNS exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, modulates neurotransmitter release, enhances neural plasticity, inhibits apoptosis and autophagy, maintains blood–brain barrier integrity, and promotes angiog

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Qi, Yanxin, ShuXin Zhang, Mi Zhang, et al. "Effects of Physical Stimulation in the Field of Oral Health." Scanning 2021 (April 7, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517567.

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Physical stimulation has been widely used in clinical medicine and healthcare due to its noninvasiveness. The main applications of physical stimulation in the oral cavity include laser, ultrasound, magnetic field, and vibration, which have photothermal, cavitation, magnetocaloric, and mechanical effects, respectively. In addition, the above four stimulations with their unique biological effects, which can play a role at the gene, protein, and cell levels, can provide new methods for the treatment and prevention of common oral diseases. These four physical stimulations have been used as importa

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Fertonani, Anna, and Carlo Miniussi. "Transcranial Electrical Stimulation." Neuroscientist 23, no. 2 (2016): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858416631966.

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In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the understanding and practical use of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques. Nevertheless, to date, this experimental effort has not been accompanied by substantial reflections on the models and mechanisms that could explain the stimulation effects. Given these premises, the aim of this article is to provide an updated picture of what we know about the theoretical models of tES that have been proposed to date, contextualized in a more specific and unitary framework. We demonstrate that these models can explain the tES behav

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Koopman, Frieda A., Sangeeta S. Chavan, Sanda Miljko, et al. "Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 29 (2016): 8284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605635113.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous, prevalent, chronic autoimmune disease characterized by painful swollen joints and significant disabilities. Symptomatic relief can be achieved in up to 50% of patients using biological agents that inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or other mechanisms of action, but there are no universally effective therapies. Recent advances in basic and preclinical science reveal that reflex neural circuits inhibit the production of cytokines and inflammation in animal models. One well-characterized cytokine-inhibiting mechanism, termed the “inflammatory reflex

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Larsen, Thomas Kronborg, Andreas Egmose, Marianne Enggaard, et al. "Investigating mechanisms behind offset analgesia: Effect on spinal responses during thermal stimulation." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 5, no. 3 (2014): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2014.05.012.

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AbstractIntroductionOffset analgesia (OA) is a temporal perceptual mechanism in which subjective pain ratings decrease disproportionally when a noxious heat stimulus is decreased by 1–3 ◦C. Whether OA is a peripheral, spinal or supraspinal mechanism remains unknown. The stimulation of afferent nociceptors in the foot, leads to a spinal nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) which is mediated through the wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons and therefore under descending control. We hypothesized that OA affects the spinal nociceptive neurons resulting in an attenuation of the NWR during OA.MethodsFour

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Kurtz, A., J. Pfeilschifter, K. Malmstrom, R. D. Woodson, and C. Bauer. "Mechanism of NaCl transport-stimulated prostaglandin formation in MDCK cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 252, no. 3 (1987): C307—C314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.252.3.c307.

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Recently we have found that stimulation of NaCl transport in high-resistance MDCK cells enhances their prostaglandin formation. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which prostaglandin formation could be linked to the ion transport in these cells. We found that stimulation of transport caused a transient stimulation of prostaglandin formation lasting 5–10 min. The rise in prostaglandin formation was paralleled by a rise of free intracellular arachidonic acid. Analysis of membrane lipids revealed that the rise of free arachidonic acid was paralleled by a loss of arachidonic a

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Kida, Hiroyuki, Satoshi Shimegi, and Hiromichi Sato. "Similarity of Direction Tuning Among Responses to Stimulation of Different Whiskers in Neurons of Rat Barrel Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 3 (2005): 2004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00113.2004.

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Cells in the rat barrel cortex exhibit stimulus-specific response properties. To understand the network mechanism of direction selectivity in response to facial whisker deflection, we examined direction selectivity of neuronal responses to single- and multiwhisker stimulations. In the case of regular-spiking units, i.e., putative excitatory cells, direction preferences were quite similar between responses to single-whisker stimulation of the principal and adjacent whiskers. In multiwhisker stimulation at short (≤5 ms) interstimulus intervals (ISIs), response facilitation was evoked only when t

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Wang, Jing Xuan, Lan Tian, Chen Li, Dong Yu Lu, and Nan Yang. "Applied Technology in Evoked Auditory Response In Vivo Animal Cochlea by 980nm Pulsed Laser Light." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.355.

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Optical cochlear implant is an emerging applied technology of stimulating auditory neurons by using pulsed laser light as a stimulus to evoke neural activity instead of electrical currents. Laser stimulation has more potential in accuracy and high frequency resolution than electrical stimulation. In this paper we demonstrated a fiber laser system (980nm) to irradiate on guinea pig cochlear in vivo for the first time. The pulsed laser stimulation successfully evoked auditory nervous impulse, similar to acoustic stimulation. And the performance under different laser pulse intensity and pulse wid

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