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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanisms involved in regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Peysh, A. Patel. "Mechanisms involved in regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure." Archives of Clinical Hypertension 3, no. 1 (2017): 016–20. https://doi.org/10.17352/ach.000014.

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Regulation of the circulatory system to maintain a constant arterial pressure is critical in ensuring adequate perfusion to meet metabolic requirements of tissues. Blood pressure (BP) can be considered in the context of Ohm’s law, whereby BP (analogous to voltage) is directly proportional to the product of cardiac output (current) and total vascular resistance (TPR). Acute regulatory mechanisms are coordinated in the cardiovascular control centres in the brainstem, which are themselves infl uenced by impulses from other neural centres in addition to sensors both intrinsic and extrinsic t

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Patel, PA, and N. Ali. "Mechanisms involved in regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure." Archives of Clinical Hypertension 3, no. 1 (2017): 016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ach.000014.

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Huc, Tomasz, Halina Jurkowska, Maria Wróbel, Kinga Jaworska, Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz, and Marcin Ufnal. "Colonic hydrogen sulfide produces portal hypertension and systemic hypotension in rats." Experimental Biology and Medicine 243, no. 1 (2017): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370217741869.

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Hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas, at low concentrations is also a biological mediator in animals. In the colon, hydrogen sulfide is produced by intestinal tissues and gut sulfur bacteria. Gut-derived molecules undergo liver metabolism. Portal hypertension is one of the most common complications contributing to the high mortality in liver cirrhosis. We hypothesized that the colon-derived hydrogen sulfide may affect portal blood pressure. Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained either on tap water (controls) or on water solution of thioacetamide to produce liver cirrhosis (CRH-R). Hemodynamics were mea

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Charkoudian, N., and B. G. Wallin. "Sympathetic Neural Activity to the Cardiovascular System: Integrator of Systemic Physiology and Interindividual Characteristics." Comprehensive Physiology 4, no. 2 (2014): 827–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00562.x.

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AbstractThe sympathetic nervous system is a ubiquitous, integrating controller of myriad physiological functions. In the present article, we review the physiology of sympathetic neural control of cardiovascular function with a focus on integrative mechanisms in humans. Direct measurement of sympathetic neural activity (SNA) in humans can be accomplished using microneurography, most commonly performed in the peroneal (fibular) nerve. In humans, muscle SNA (MSNA) is composed of vasoconstrictor fibers; its best‐recognized characteristic is its participation in transient, moment‐to‐moment control

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Ahmad, Hafiz, Huma Khan, Shabirul Haque, Shameem Ahmad, Namita Srivastava, and Azhar Khan. "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Hypertension: A Systemic Analysis of Various ACE Inhibitors, Their Side Effects, and Bioactive Peptides as a Putative Therapy for Hypertension." Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 2023 (June 21, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7890188.

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Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart attack, produce atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), congestive heart failure, stroke, kidney infection, blindness, end-stage renal infection, and cardiovascular diseases. Many mechanisms are involved in causing hypertension, i.e., via calcium channels, alpha and beta receptors, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). RAS has an important role in blood pressure control and is also involved in the metabolism of glucose, homeostasis, and balance of electrolytes in the body. The components of RAS that are involved in the regulation of blood pr

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Improta Caria, Alex, Carolina Nonaka, Ciro Pereira, Milena Soares, Simone Macambira, and Bruno Souza. "Exercise Training-Induced Changes in MicroRNAs: Beneficial Regulatory Effects in Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (2018): 3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113608.

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MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are involved in the regulation of physiological processes, such as adaptation to physical exercise, and also in disease settings, such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and obesity. In SAH, microRNAs play a significant role in the regulation of key signaling pathways that lead to the hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, proliferation, and phenotypic change in smooth muscle cells, and the hyperactivat

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Timasheva, Ya R. "IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION." Medical Immunology (Russia) 21, no. 3 (2019): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2019-3-407-418.

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According to modern concept of the etiopathogenesis of essential hypertension, immune cells play an important role in its development. Mediators produced by immunocompetent cells participate in the initiation and maintenance of chronic systemic inflammation and promote the development of vascular remodeling which is an important part of the pathogenesis of the disease and target organ damage. The immune mechanisms underlying blood pressure elevation include the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Endothelial damage triggers an inflammatory cascade, causing migration of the immune c

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Еркудов, В. О., and А. П. Пуговкин. "Role of kidneys in regulation of arterial pressure in normal conditions and following changes in circulating blood volume." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez», no. 2() (June 4, 2019): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2310-0435.2019.02.80-90.

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В лекции рассмотрено значение почечных механизмов контроля артериального давления и объёма циркулирующей крови в норме и при широко распространённых в клинической практике условиях: кровопотере и инфузии дополнительного объёма жидкости в сосудистое русло. Подчеркивается, что с почками связаны два контура регуляции кровообращения: один, где регулируемым параметром является системное артериальное давление, реализуется через ренин-ангиотензиновую систему, а второй, где регулируемым параметром является объём циркулирующей крови - через гипоталамо-гипофизарную систему. Даётся патофизиологическое оп

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Martinez-Caro, Leticia, NICOLAS NIN, Carolina Sanchez-Rodriguez, et al. "Inhibition of nitro-oxidative stress attenuates pulmonary and systemic injury induced by high–tidal volume mechanical ventilation." Shock 44, no. 1 (2025): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000000381.

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Mechanisms contributing to pulmonary and systemic injury induced by high tidal volume (VT) mechanical ventilation are not well known. We tested the hypothesis that increased peroxynitrite formation is involved in organ injury and dysfunction induced by mechanical ventilation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subject to low- (VT, 9 mL/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure, 5 cmH2O) or high- (VT, 25 mL/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure, 0 cmH2O) VT mechanical ventilation for 120 min, and received 1 of 3 treatments: 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB, 10 mg/kg, intravenous, a poly adenosine diphosphate ribose

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Peltsch, Heather, Sandhya Khurana, Collin J. Byrne, et al. "Cardiac phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: localization and regulation of gene expression in the spontaneously hypertensive rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 94, no. 4 (2016): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2015-0303.

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Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) is the terminal enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway responsible for adrenaline biosynthesis. Adrenaline is involved in the sympathetic control of blood pressure; it augments cardiac function by increasing stroke volume and cardiac output. Genetic mapping studies have linked the PNMT gene to hypertension. This study examined the expression of cardiac PNMT and changes in its transcriptional regulators in the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and wild type Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. SHR exhibit elevated levels of corticosterone, and lower le

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Cici, Daniela, Addolorata Corrado, Cinzia Rotondo, Ripalta Colia, and Francesco Paolo Cantatore. "Adipokines and Chronic Rheumatic Diseases: from Inflammation to Bone Involvement." Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism 18, no. 4 (2020): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12018-021-09275-w.

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AbstractBesides its well-known role as energy storage tissue, adipose tissue is a biologically active tissue that can also be considered as an endocrine organ, as it is able to secrete adipokines. These bioactive factors, similar in structure to cytokines, are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, control of food intake, and also inflammation and bone homeostasis via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms. Given their pleiotropic functions, the role of adipokines has been evaluated in chronic

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Beaty, O. "Arterial blood pressure control during hindlimb and forelimb contraction in the dog." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 248, no. 5 (1985): H678—H687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.248.5.h678.

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This study examined the differential reflex cardiovascular responses evoked by separate contractions of the right hindlimb and forelimb and established the mechanism of a regional reflex vasodilation associated with hindlimb skeletal muscle contraction. The two groups of skeletal muscle were contracted separately by electrical stimulation (2-48 Hz) of the peripheral motor nerves. The left nonexercising hindlimb was perfused at constant flow. All blood pressure-regulating mechanisms were intact. Arterial blood pressure (ABP), left nonexercising hindlimb perfusion pressure (HLPP), and heart rate

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Verticchio Vercellin, Alice, Alon Harris, Aditya Belamkar, et al. "Physiology-Enhanced Data Analytics to Evaluate the Effect of Altitude on Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Hemodynamics." Photonics 9, no. 3 (2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9030158.

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Altitude affects intraocular pressure (IOP); however, the underlying mechanisms involved and its relationship with ocular hemodynamics remain unknown. Herein, a validated mathematical modeling approach was used for a physiology-enhanced (pe-) analysis of the Mont Blanc study (MBS), estimating the effects of altitude on IOP, blood pressure (BP), and retinal hemodynamics. In the MBS, IOP and BP were measured in 33 healthy volunteers at 77 and 3466 m above sea level. Pe-retinal hemodynamics analysis predicted a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the model predicted blood flow an

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Philippe, Aurélie, Gunnar Kleinau, Jason Gruner, et al. "Molecular Effects of Auto-Antibodies on Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling and Cell Proliferation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073984.

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The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is involved in the regulation of blood pressure (through vasoconstriction) and water and ion homeostasis (mediated by interaction with the endogenous agonist). AT1R can also be activated by auto-antibodies (AT1R-Abs), which are associated with manifold diseases, such as obliterative vasculopathy, preeclampsia and systemic sclerosis. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to AT1R-Abs binding and associated signaling cascade (dys-)regulation remains fragmentary. The goal of this study was, therefore, to investigate details of the effects

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Aiello, Gilda, Mauro Lombardo, and Sara Baldelli. "Exploring Vitamin D Synthesis and Function in Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (2024): 4339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114339.

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Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the human body, influencing a wide range of physiological processes from bone health to immune function. The complex biochemical pathways involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and action of Vitamin D are explored, emphasizing its importance in nutrition and food technology. This review also investigates the regulatory mechanisms that control Vitamin D metabolism and its systemic effects on calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune modulation. The role of Vitamin D3 in regulating blood pressure and atherosclerosis in the onset of car

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Khidirova, L. D., V. V. Kovalenko, and A. V. Kuzakova. "Perivascular adipose tissue and its role in the development of cardiovascular diseases." Systemic Hypertension 22, no. 1 (2025): 13–17. https://doi.org/10.38109/2075-082x-2025-1-13-17.

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Perivascular adipose tissue (RVT) is an important component of the vascular system, which is actively involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This review is based on an analysis of clinical studies from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and e-Library databases aimed at studying the mechanisms through which RVT affects the development of CVD. It has been proven that prostate is a source of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. These molecules contribute to the activation of inflammatory processes, which can lead to endothelial damage and the

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Inoue, Yoshitaka, Izumi Shibuya, Narutoshi Kabashima, et al. "The Mechanism of Inhibitory Actions of Propofol on Rat Supraoptic Neurons." Anesthesiology 91, no. 1 (1999): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199907000-00025.

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Background In the perioperative period, plasma osmotic pressure, systemic blood pressure, and blood volume often change dramatically. Arginine vasopressin is a key factor in the regulation of these parameters. This study was performed to evaluate the direct and the mechanism of the actions of propofol on arginine vasopressin release from magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus. Methods Somatodendritic arginine vasopressin release from supraoptic nucleus slice preparations was measured by radioimmunoassay. Ionic currents were measured using the whole-cell mode of the

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Giamouzis, Gregory, Dimitrios Pappas, Nikolaos Simeonidis, Evangelos Stathogiannis, Filippos Triposkiadis, and George N. Koukoulis. "Acute Experimental Hyperthyroidism Does Not Affect Basal and Volume-Induced Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Secretion in Healthy Subjects." Cardiology Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/381865.

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Background. Excess circulating thyroid hormones are associated with increased cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion but the exact mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated in vivo.Methods. To examine whether thyroid hormone regulation of ANP secretion is the result of a direct action on the myocardium and/or of an indirect action through alterations in the peripheral circulation, plasma ANP levels (baseline and volume expansion-induced) were evaluated in 14 healthy men, before and after triiodothyronine (T3) administration.Results. T3administration was followed by a signi

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Philippe, Aurélie, Gunnar Kleinau, Jason Jannis Gruner, et al. "Molecular Effects of Auto-Antibodies on Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling and Cell Proliferation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3984. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8424972.

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The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT<sub>1</sub>R) is involved in the regulation of blood pressure (through vasoconstriction) and water and ion homeostasis (mediated by interaction with the endogenous agonist). AT<sub>1</sub>R can also be activated by auto-antibodies (AT<sub>1</sub>R-Abs), which are associated with manifold diseases, such as obliterative vasculopathy, preeclampsia and systemic sclerosis. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to AT<sub>1</sub>R-Abs binding and associated signaling cascade (dys-)regulation remains fragmentary. The goal of this study was, there

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Monahan, Kevin D. "Effect of aging on baroreflex function in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): R3—R12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2007.

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Arterial blood pressure (BP) is regulated via the interaction of various local, humoral, and neural factors. In humans, the major neural pathway for acute BP regulation involves the baroreflexes. In response to baroreceptor activation/deactivation, as occurs during transient changes in BP, key determinants of BP, such as cardiac period/heart rate (via the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system) and vascular resistance (via the sympathetic nervous system), are modified to maintain BP homeostasis. In this review, the effects of aging on both the parasympathetic and sympathetic arms of th

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Maranduca, Minela Aida, Mihai Andrei Cosovanu, Andreea Clim, et al. "The Renin-Angiotensin System: The Challenge behind Autoimmune Dermatological Diseases." Diagnostics 13, no. 22 (2023): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223398.

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Autoimmune dermatological diseases (AIDD) encompass a diverse group of disorders characterized by aberrant immune responses targeting the skin and its associated structures. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests a potential involvement of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions. RAS is a multicomponent cascade, primarily known for its role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. All of the RAS components play an important role in controlling inflammation and other immune responses. Angiotensin II, the main effector, acts on two e

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Webb, Alastair J. S., Elizabeth B. Klerman, and Emiri T. Mandeville. "Circadian and Diurnal Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow." Circulation Research 134, no. 6 (2024): 695–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.123.323049.

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Circadian and diurnal variation in cerebral blood flow directly contributes to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke, either through factors that trigger stroke or due to impaired compensatory mechanisms. Cerebral blood flow results from the integration of systemic hemodynamics, including heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, with cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms, including cerebrovascular reactivity, autoregulation, and neurovascular coupling. We review the evidence for the circadian and diurnal variation in each of these mechanisms and their integration, from the detaile

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Rőszer, Tamás, and Mercedes Ricote. "PPARs in the Renal Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure." PPAR Research 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/698730.

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Recent research has revealed roles for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors in blood pressure regulation, expanding the possible therapeutic use of PPAR ligands. PPARαand PPARγmodulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a major regulator of systemic blood pressure and interstitial fluid volume by transcriptional control of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT-R1). Blockade of RAAS is an important therapeutic target in hypertension management and attenuates microvascular damag

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Kohan, Donald E., Noreen F. Rossi, Edward W. Inscho, and David M. Pollock. "Regulation of Blood Pressure and Salt Homeostasis by Endothelin." Physiological Reviews 91, no. 1 (2011): 1–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00060.2009.

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Endothelin (ET) peptides and their receptors are intimately involved in the physiological control of systemic blood pressure and body Na homeostasis, exerting these effects through alterations in a host of circulating and local factors. Hormonal systems affected by ET include natriuretic peptides, aldosterone, catecholamines, and angiotensin. ET also directly regulates cardiac output, central and peripheral nervous system activity, renal Na and water excretion, systemic vascular resistance, and venous capacitance. ET regulation of these systems is often complex, sometimes involving opposing ac

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Mutig, Kerim, and Sebastian Bachmann. "Hyperkalemia and blood pressure regulation." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 34, Supplement_3 (2019): iii26—iii35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz218.

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Abstract Hypertension is common in the general population. Management of hypertensive patients at risk of hyperkalemia is challenging due to potential life-threatening complications such as cardiac arrest. Chronic hyperkalemia is often associated with impaired renal ability to excrete excessive potassium ions (K+). This may refer to chronic kidney disease or certain pharmacological interventions, including broadly used renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and calcineurin inhibitors. Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms permitting kidney adaptations to hyperkalemia is critical for choosing th

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Weidle, Paul J., and Peter H. Vlasses. "Systemic Hypertension Associated with Cyclosporine: A Review." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 6 (1988): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200601.

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Use of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine has been associated with an increased incidence of hypertension. The incidence, onset, duration, and severity of the associated blood pressure elevation varies greatly depending on the therapeutic indication for cyclosporine use. This paper reviews the disparity in the reports of cyclosporine-associated hypertension and the factors evaluated for possible association. Possible mechanisms involved in the blood pressure elevation as well as treatment approaches that have been employed are discussed. Further research efforts are needed to clarify con

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Armando, Ines, Van Anthony M. Villar, and Pedro A. Jose. "Dopamine and Renal Function and Blood Pressure Regulation." Comprehensive Physiology 1, no. 3 (2011): 1075–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2011.tb00359.x.

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AbstractDopamine is an important regulator of systemic blood pressure via multiple mechanisms. It affects fluid and electrolyte balance by its actions on renal hemodynamics and epithelial ion and water transport and by regulation of hormones and humoral agents. The kidney synthesizes dopamine from circulating or filtered l‐DOPA independently from innervation. The major determinants of the renal tubular synthesis/release of dopamine are probably sodium intake and intracellular sodium. Dopamine exerts its actions via two families of cell surface receptors, D1‐like receptors comprising D1R and D5

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Orlov, Sergei N., and Alexander A. Mongin. "Salt-sensing mechanisms in blood pressure regulation and hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 4 (2007): H2039—H2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00325.2007.

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High salt consumption contributes to the development of hypertension and is considered an independent risk factor for vascular remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, and stroke incidence. In this review, we discuss the molecular origins of primary sensors involved in the phenomenon of salt sensitivity. Based on the analysis of literature data, we conclude that the kidneys and central nervous system (CNS) are two major sites for salt sensing via several distinct mechanisms: 1) [Cl−] sensing in renal tubular fluids, primarily by Na+-K+-Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) isoforms NKCC2B and NKCC2A, whose express

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Werner, Natalie, Neval Kapan, and Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso. "Patterns of Cerebral Blood Flow and Systemic Hemodynamics During Arithmetic Processing." Journal of Psychophysiology 22, no. 2 (2008): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.22.2.81.

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The present study explored modulations in cerebral blood flow and systemic hemodynamics during the execution of a mental calculation task in 41 healthy subjects. Time course and lateralization of blood flow velocities in the medial cerebral arteries of both hemispheres were assessed using functional transcranial Doppler sonography. Indices of systemic hemodynamics were obtained using continuous blood pressure recordings. Doppler sonography revealed a biphasic left dominant rise in cerebral blood flow velocities during task execution. Systemic blood pressure increased, whereas heart period, hea

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Zhang, Zhongming, Yijing Zhang, Yan Wang, et al. "Genetic knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the nervous system attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice." Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 20, no. 1 (2019): 147032031983440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470320319834406.

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Introduction: Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is expressed throughout the central nervous system and peripheral organs involved in the regulation of blood pressure, but the systemic effects of BDNF in the control of blood pressure are not well elucidated. Materials and methods: We utilized loxP flanked BDNF male mice to cross with nestin-Cre female mice to generate nerve system BDNF knockdown mice, nestin-BDNF (+/–), or injected Cre adenovirus into the subfornical organ to create subfornical organ BDNF knockdown mice. Histochemistry was used to verify injection location. Radiotelemetry

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Bandali, Karim S., and Uwe Ackermann. "Are prostaglandins involved in atrial natriuretic peptide mechanisms of cardiovascular control?" Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77, no. 3 (1999): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-004.

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Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) can excite cardiac nerve endings and invoke a decrease in arterial blood pressure and a reduction in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that this renal depressor reflex was invoked by systemic injection of ANP and not by the direct application of ANP to the epicardium, a major locus for vagal afferents. We now examine whether inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis impairs reflex responses that are normally associated with ANP injections. Renal sympathetic nerve activity, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were recor

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Sprick, Justin D., Joe R. Nocera, Ihab Hajjar, W. Charles O’Neill, James Bailey, and Jeanie Park. "Cerebral blood flow regulation in end-stage kidney disease." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 319, no. 5 (2020): F782—F791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00438.2020.

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Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) experience an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction. Hemodialysis (HD), a major modality of renal replacement therapy in ESKD, can cause rapid changes in blood pressure, osmolality, and acid-base balance that collectively present a unique stress to the cerebral vasculature. This review presents an update regarding cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation in CKD and ESKD and how the maintenance of cerebral oxygenation may be compromised during HD. Patients with ESKD exhibit decreased cerebra

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Brosolo, Gabriele, Andrea Da Porto, Luca Bulfone, et al. "Insulin Resistance and High Blood Pressure: Mechanistic Insight on the Role of the Kidney." Biomedicines 10, no. 10 (2022): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102374.

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The metabolic effects of insulin predominate in skeletal muscle, fat, and liver where the hormone binds to its receptor, thereby priming a series of cell-specific and biochemically diverse intracellular mechanisms. In the presence of a good secretory reserve in the pancreatic islets, a decrease in insulin sensitivity in the metabolic target tissues leads to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. A large body of evidence obtained in clinical and experimental studies indicates that insulin resistance and the related hyperinsulinemia are causally involved in some forms of arterial hypertension. Much of t

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Jones-Muhammad and Warrington. "Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation in Pregnancy, Hypertension, and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy." Brain Sciences 9, no. 9 (2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090224.

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The regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) allows for the metabolic demands of the brain to be met and for normal brain function including cognition (learning and memory). Regulation of CBF ensures relatively constant blood flow to the brain despite changes in systemic blood pressure, protecting the fragile micro-vessels from damage. CBF regulation is altered in pregnancy and is further altered by hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia. The mechanisms contributing to changes in CBF in normal pregnancy, hypertension, and preeclampsia have not been fully elu

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Chervaev, A. A., M. G. Butskih, and M. M. Galagudza. "Mechanisms of neurovascular coupling." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 22, no. 2 (2023): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2023-22-2-67-73.

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The brain is characterized by a well-developed vascular network and consumes a significant proportion of cardiac output relative to its mass. Normally, the metabolic needs of the brain significantly depend on the intensity of the functioning of its various departments, which requires constant regulation of the level of local blood flow. On the other hand, the state of systemic hemodynamics can have a significant impact on organ blood flow. Moreover, the importance of accurate and prompt regulation of cerebral blood flow is determined by the lack of energy reserves or substrates for its autonom

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Araujo, Fellipe Genasculi, and Rogério Rodrigo Ramos. "Antagonistic Atrial Natriuretic Peptide with the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Effects on Systemic Blood Pressure Regulation." Journal of Modern Medicinal Chemistry 10 (October 3, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12970/2308-8044.2022.10.02.

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The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) presents, from the point of view of systemic blood pressure regulation, a relevant antagonistic association when compared to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Through a careful review, the aim of the study was to evidence the process and the link between systems and hormones, from prohormone secretion, conversion, interaction with receptors, ANP action, correlating its antagonistic effects to RAAS, and the association between the mechanisms of action and SBP. The method adopted was a systematic review through electronic scientific articles in

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Tsyrlin, V. A. "The pharmacology of antihypertensive medicines." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 19, no. 2 (2020): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2020-19-2-75-88.

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The lecture presents contemporary view on the human cardiovascular system organization. The mechanisms determining the systemic blood pressure level are shown; the factors regulating minute volume of blood circulation and peripheral resistance to blood flow are described. The mechanisms of neurogenic and basal vascular tone are noted, the role of humoral and endothelial regulation mechanisms of the artery lumen s is indicated. Based on the recent evidences of the circulatory system functioning, we gave a description of the main medicinal compounds used in clinical practice to decrease blood pr

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Hay, Meredith. "Sex, the brain and hypertension: brain oestrogen receptors and high blood pressure risk factors." Clinical Science 130, no. 1 (2015): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20150654.

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Hypertension is a major contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality rates related to cardiovascular disease. There are important sex differences in the onset and rate of hypertension in humans. Compared with age-matched men, premenopausal women are less likely to develop hypertension. However, after age 60, the incidence of hypertension increases in women and even surpasses that seen in older men. It is thought that changes in levels of circulating ovarian hormones as women age may be involved in the increase in hypertension in older women. One of the key mechanisms involved in the develo

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Voegeli, Tracy S., Amanda J. Wintink, Yu Chen та R. William Currie. "Heat shock proteins 27 and 70 regulating angiotensin II-induced NF-κB: a possible connection to blood pressure control?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, № 5 (2008): 1042–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-068.

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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are critical for cell survival and have several mechanisms of action. HSPs regulate protein folding, suppress apoptosis, and regulate anti-oxidative activity. In addition, HSPs are involved in the regulation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB. When angiotensin (Ang) II is infused into rats, there is a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, and NF-κB is activated in the heart. If rats are heat shocked to induce the heat shock response and HSPs before Ang II infusion, there is a significant suppression of both the Ang II-induc

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Han, Cheng, Matthew W. Rice, and Dongsheng Cai. "Neuroinflammatory and autonomic mechanisms in diabetes and hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 311, no. 1 (2016): E32—E41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00012.2016.

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Interdisciplinary studies in the research fields of endocrinology and immunology show that obesity-associated overnutrition leads to neuroinflammatory molecular changes, in particular in the hypothalamus, chronically causing various disorders known as elements of metabolic syndrome. In this process, neural or hypothalamic inflammation impairs the neuroendocrine and autonomic regulation of the brain over blood pressure and glucose homeostasis as well as insulin secretion, and elevated sympathetic activation has been appreciated as a critical mediator. This review describes the involved physiolo

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Shilkina, N. P., I. E. Yunonin, S. A. Stolyarova, and A. A. Vinogradov. "ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND NEUROHUMORAL REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS." Rheumatology Science and Practice 57, no. 4 (2019): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2019-445-451.

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Objective: to investigate the effect of endothelial dysfunction, catecholamines, and renin on the diurnal blood pressure (BP) profile in patients with systemic sclerosis (SS).Subjects and methods. Twenty-five patients with SS underwent determination of the blood count of desquamated endotheliocytes by the method described by J. Hladovec (1978), the plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), adrenaline, norepinephrine, and renin by enzyme immunoassay. All the patients underwent 24-hour BP monitoring with calculating the time index, daily index, the magnitude and rate of a morning rise in BP, as well

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Olufsen, Mette S., Johnny T. Ottesen, Hien T. Tran, Laura M. Ellwein, Lewis A. Lipsitz, and Vera Novak. "Blood pressure and blood flow variation during postural change from sitting to standing: model development and validation." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 4 (2005): 1523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00177.2005.

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Short-term cardiovascular responses to postural change from sitting to standing involve complex interactions between the autonomic nervous system, which regulates blood pressure, and cerebral autoregulation, which maintains cerebral perfusion. We present a mathematical model that can predict dynamic changes in beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during postural change from sitting to standing. Our cardiovascular model utilizes 11 compartments to describe blood pressure, blood flow, compliance, and resistance in the heart and systemic circulation.

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Duschek, Stefan, Rainer Schandry, and Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso. "Autonomic and Hemodynamic Mechanisms in Chronically Low Blood Pressure." Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences 6, no. 2 (2025): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3025/2025/2.1226.

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In addition to physical complaints like fatigue, reduced drive, dizziness, and cold limbs, chronic low blood pressure (hypotension) is associated with cognitive impairments and negative mood states. This review is concerned with autonomic and hemodynamic factors implicated in the origin of chronic hypotension and associated symptoms. There is strong evidence of reduced stroke volume and cardiac output, and prolonged pre-ejection period, at rest, during mental challenge and during sleep, indicating reduced myocardial contractility due to low beta-adrenergic drive in chronic hypotension. While s

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Ahmed, Sameed, Rui Hu, Jessica Leete, and Anita T. Layton. "Understanding sex differences in long-term blood pressure regulation: insights from experimental studies and computational modeling." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 5 (2019): H1113—H1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00035.2019.

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Sex differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension are found in humans and animal models. Moreover, there has been a recent explosion of data concerning sex differences in nitric oxide, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation, and kidney function. These data have the potential to reveal the mechanisms underlying male-female differences in blood pressure control. To elucidate the interactions among the multitude of physiological processes involved, one may apply computational models. In this review, we describe published computational models that represent key p

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Faraci, F. M., G. L. Baumbach, and D. D. Heistad. "Cerebral circulation: humoral regulation and effects of chronic hypertension." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1, no. 1 (1990): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1153.

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New concepts have emerged in recent years concerning regulation of cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize briefly several of these concepts. First, humoral mechanisms may have important effects on cerebral blood vessels and blood flow to choroid plexus. Recent evidence suggests that several vasoactive peptides may have major effects on fluid and ion balance in the brain by altering blood flow to the choroid plexus and possibly the production of cerebrospinal fluid. Second, chronic hypertension produces structural remodeling and hypertrophy of cerebral blood vessels an

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González-Hernández, Abimael, Bruno A. Marichal-Cancino, Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink, and Carlos M. Villalón. "Serotonergic Modulation of Neurovascular Transmission: A Focus on Prejunctional 5-HT Receptors/Mechanisms." Biomedicines 11, no. 7 (2023): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071864.

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5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or serotonin, plays a crucial role as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter of several nervous system functions. Its actions are complex, and depend on multiple factors, including the type of effector or receptor activated. Briefly, 5-HT can activate: (i) metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) receptors to promote inhibition (5-HT1, 5-HT5) or activation (5-HT4, 5-HT6, 5-HT7) of adenylate cyclase, as well as activation (5-HT2) of phospholipase C; and (ii) ionotropic receptor (5-HT3), a ligand-gated Na+/K+ channel. Regarding blood pressure regulation (and beyond the intr

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Westhoff, Timm H., Stefanie Scheid, Markus Tölle, et al. "A physiogenomic approach to study the regulation of blood pressure." Physiological Genomics 23, no. 1 (2005): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00077.2005.

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Several vasoregulatory systems including the renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic vasoregulation, and cytokine release have been studied extensively. The aim of the present study was to establish a physiogenomic screening model for differentially expressed genes in the regulation of blood pressure that might give a hint as to new vasoregulatory mechanisms. We induced acute hypotension in normotensive rats, assuming that vasoregulatory systems will counteract hypotension. Microarray transcriptome analysis was performed from kidneys 6 h after the induction of acute hypotension. The results were

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Kot, Alicja, Marta Wojtczak, Natalia Myśliwiec, et al. "The Role of Gut Microbiota in Hypertension Management - A Review." Quality in Sport 38 (February 10, 2025): 57655. https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2025.38.57655.

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Introduction and purpose: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition characterized by persistently elevatedarterial pressure, leading to severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidneyfailure. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension affectsapproximately 1.13 billion people worldwide, contributing significantly to global morbidityand mortality. Emerging research has revealed a significant connection between gutmicrobiota—the diverse community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinaltract—and the regulation of blood pressure. This compreh

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Filosa, Jessica A., and Jennifer A. Iddings. "Astrocyte regulation of cerebral vascular tone." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305, no. 5 (2013): H609—H619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00359.2013.

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Cerebral blood flow is controlled by two crucial processes, cerebral autoregulation (CA) and neurovascular coupling (NVC) or functional hyperemia. Whereas CA ensures constant blood flow over a wide range of systemic pressures, NVC ensures rapid spatial and temporal increases in cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activation. The focus of this review is to discuss the cellular mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to the regulation of vascular tone in terms of their participation in NVC and, to a lesser extent, CA. We discuss evidence for the various signaling modalities by which as

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chaudhary, vidyanath, and Franck J. Barrat. "Regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells function via ER stress pathway." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 180.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.180.18.

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Abstract Systemic sclerosis is a life-threatening autoimmune disorder which causes fibrosis and chronic inflammation. One of the hallmarks of systemic sclerosis is production of high levels of type I interferon, which plays a significant role in the activation of B cells for antibody production. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the key immune cells producing high levels of interferon in autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis. There is evidence suggesting that the microscopic structure of pDCs shows abundant levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in their cytoplasmic compartment. B

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