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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanisms of anticonvulsant activity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Severina, Hanna I., Olga O. Skupa, Natalya I. Voloshchuk, et al. "Molecular docking, ADMET study and in vivo pharmacological research of N-(3,4-dimetoxyphenyl)-2-{[2-methyl-6-(pyridine-2-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]thio}acetamide as a promising anticonvulsant." Research Results in Pharmacology 6, no. 2 (2020): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.53332.

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Introduction: The search for new anticonvulsants for epilepsy treatment with higher efficacy and better tolerability remains important. The aim of the present research was an in silico and in vivo pharmacological study of N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-((2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)thio)acetamide (Epirimil) as a promising anticonvulsant. Materials and methods: A 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, LS/MS, and an elemental analysis were used to determine Epirimil structure. An ADMET analysis, as well as a docking study using anticonvulsant biotargets, e.g.: GABAAR, GABAAT, CA II, NMDAR, and AMPA

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Severina, Hanna I., Olga O. Skupa, Natalya I. Voloshchuk, et al. "Molecular docking, ADMET study and in vivo pharmacological research of N-(3,4-dimetoxyphenyl)-2-{[2-methyl-6-(pyridine-2-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]thio}acetamide as a promising anticonvulsant." Research Results in Pharmacology 6, no. (2) (2020): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.53332.

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Introduction: The search for new anticonvulsants for epilepsy treatment with higher efficacy and better tolerability remains important. The aim of the present research was an in silico and in vivo pharmacological study of N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-((2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)thio)acetamide (Epirimil) as a promising anticonvulsant. Materials and methods: A <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy, LS/MS, and an elemental analysis were used to determine Epirimil structure. An ADMET analysis, as well as a docking study using anticonvulsant biotargets, e.g.: GABAAR, GABAAT,

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Currier, Valerie, Maryam Molki, Katelyn Fryman, Lacey D. Rodgers та A. Michael Crider. "Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of α-Amino Acid Amide Derivatives". Current Bioactive Compounds 15, № 5 (2019): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666180530081328.

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Background: Epilepsy is a disease of the central nervous system that affects approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Although several new drugs have been marketed in the last 25 years, almost one-third of patients are not protected. In many cases, currently available drugs produce undesirable side effects. As a result, a need exists for novel anticonvulsants with unique mechanisms of action and minimal side effects. Methods: A mixed anhydride coupling procedure and standard deprotection procedures were utilized to prepare 36 α-amino acid amides. All final products were evaluated in mic

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Mahernia, Shabnam, Niusha Sharifi, Malihe Hassanzadeh, et al. "Benzylidene Barbituric Acid Derivatives Shown Anticonvulsant Activity on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice: Involvement of Nitric Oxide Pathway." Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 4 (2018): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ps.2018.37.

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ABSTRACT Background: Barbituric acid derivatives have long been used as central nervous system (CNS) suppressants, such as sedatives, hypnotics and anticonvulsants. In addition, previous studies have implicated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the anticonvulsive effects of barbiturates in CNS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to figure out the effects of a novel class of barbituric acid derivatives on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in male mice. Methods: Thirteen synthesized barbituric acid derivatives (a-m) and phenobarbital were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.)

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Umamageswari, M. S., S. Bhuvaneshwari, A. T. Sathiya Vinotha, et al. "Anticonvulsant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Andrographis paniculata Leaves in Wistar Albino Rats." NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 3, no. 7 (2025): 814–26. https://doi.org/10.61770/nbejms.2025.v03.i07.006.

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Background: The anticonvulsant effect of Aqueous Extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves (AEAP) and its synergistic action with Sodium valproate were evaluated in this research. Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of AEAP 500 mg/kg b.w. was evaluated in Wistar albino rats using the Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) model and the Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure model. Results: The Extract demonstrated significant anticonvulsant activity in both MES and PTZ seizure models. In the MES model, the anticonvulsant action of plant extract was comparable to that of the standard drug Sodium valproate 30

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Odi, Reem, David Bibi, Bella Shusterman, et al. "Synthesis and Enantioselective Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of New CNS-Active Sulfamoylphenyl Carbamate Derivatives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (2021): 3361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073361.

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We recently reported a new class of carbamate derivatives as anticonvulsants. Among these, 3-methylpentyl(4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamate (MSPC) stood out as the most potent compound with ED50 values of 13 mg/kg (i.p.) and 28 mg/kg (p.o.) in the rat maximal electroshock test (MES). 3-Methylpropyl(4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamate (MBPC), reported and characterized here, is an MSPC analogous compound with two less aliphatic carbon atoms in its structure. As both MSPC and MBPC are chiral compounds, here, we studied the carbonic anhydrase inhibitory and anticonvulsant action of both MBPC enantiomers in com

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Ruikar, Prerna V., J. V. Vyas, A. M. Wankhade, and V. V. Paithankar. "Anticonvulsant Activity of Psoralia corylifolia linn. in PTZ Induced Mice Model." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 8, no. 5 (2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2023.v08i05.010.

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Objectives: To investigate the anticonvulsant activity of extract of Psoralia corylifolia linn. Leaves on PTZ (Pentylenetetrazole) induced seizures in swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The extract of Psoralia corylifolia linn. leaves (120mg/kg and 60mg/kg i.p) was studied for its anticonvulsant effect on PTZ induced seizures in Swiss albino mice. In PTZ seizures, abolition of the convulsions was noted. Results: The extract of leaves of Psoralia corylifolia linn. (120mg/kg and 60mg/kg, i.p) significantly (p<0.005) protected the animals from PTZ induced tonic convulsions. Conclusion:

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Kamiński, Jakubiec, Zagaja, Andres-Mach, Mogilski, and Latacz. "New TRPV1 Antagonists as Candidates for Effective Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Agents." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022030.

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Epilepsy is recognized as one of the most common neurological disorders with a high risk of drug resistance. Notably, about one-third of the patients with epilepsy are not responsive to pharmacological treatment. Thus, the search for new, more effective anticonvulsants with a novel mechanism of action is undoubtedly necessary. The most recent neurobiological studies implicate central TRPV1 receptors in the induction of epileptic seizures. Moreover, it is suggested that TRPV1 desensitization is one of the crucial mechanisms of action responsible for the anticonvulsant activity of cannabidiol (C

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Borysenko, N. M., V. V. Parchenko, I. V. Bushuieva, and O. K. Yerenko. "Study of anticonvulsant properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and prospects for their use in pharmacy." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 18, no. 2 (2025): 223–27. https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2025.2.320738.

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Anticonvulsant drugs (antiepileptic drugs) are a group of medications used to treat epilepsy and to control other disorders associated with seizures or convulsive episodes. The choice of a particular drug depends on the type of seizure, the patient’s age, comorbidities, and possible side effects. Treatment with these drugs requires constant medical monitoring to achieve optimal impact and to minimize risks. Therefore, solving the problem of creating new original medicines with minimal adverse effects remains an urgent task, with theoretical and practical justification. The aim of the work was

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Stringer, Janet L., and Kaiping Xu. "Possible mechanisms for the anticonvulsant activity of fructose-1,6-diphosphate." Epilepsia 49 (November 2008): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01849.x.

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Mehrzadi, Saeed, Asie Shojaii, Sogol Attari Pur, and Manijeh Motevalian. "Anticonvulsant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Citrullus colocynthis Fruit." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 21, no. 4 (2016): NP31—NP35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587215615455.

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This study investigated the anticonvulsant activity of Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract used traditionally in the treatment of convulsion. Albino mice were pretreated with extract in different doses (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), prior to injection of pentylenetetrazole. Animals received pretreatments with naloxone and flumazenil to further clarify the mechanisms of anticonvulsant action. The total flavonoid content of Citrullus colocynthis extract was also determined. Citrullus colocynthis hydroalcoholic extract with doses 25 and 50 mg/kg prolonged the onset of seizures and decreased the dur

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12

Shukla, Shivakant, and Anoop Singh. "EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CASSIA SOPHERA LINN LEAVES EXTRACTS." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 4, no. 3 (2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v4i3.5.

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Instroduction: Cassia sophera Linn (C. sophera) is a medicinally important plant belonging to the family of Caesalpiniaceae. The whole part of the plant is used as traditional folk medicine and is reported to possess analgesic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antiasthmatic activity. Materials and Methods: Eddy’s hot plate and Analgesiometer tests were used to asses the antinociceptive activity of Cassia sophera. Pentobarbitone narcosis potentiation test was used to evaluate the hypnotic and sedative effect, while anticonvulsant activity was evaluated

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Filatova, E. S., and A. M. Lila. "Contribution of neurogenic mechanisms to the pathogenesis of chronic joint pain." Modern Rheumatology Journal 15, no. 2 (2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2021-2-43-49.

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Objective: to study the contribution of neurogenic mechanisms to the pathogenesis of chronic pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), knee osteoarthritis (OAk) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To evaluate the effectiveness of an anticonvulsants in complex therapy of RA and OAk.Patients and methods. The study included 518 patients, 208 (40.2%) had definite RA, 160 (30.9%) had OAk and 150 (28.9%) had AS. All patients were rheumatologically and neurologically examined to determine the state of the somatosensory system; DN4 and Pain DETECT questionnaires were used to diagnose pain descript

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Wakeel, Olayemi K., Oluropo B. Awosan, Oyetunji T. Kolawole, Akeem A. Ayankunle, Olukunle J. Onaolapo, and Oluwaseyi A. Adeyeba. "Potential Mechanisms Involved in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Methanol Extract of Pyrenancantha staudtii in Mice." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 2 (2020): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524920666200211113633.

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Objective: To determine the potential effect of Pyrenancantha staudtii extract on experimentally induced seizures in mice and to evaluate the role of benzodiazepines, naloxone, and serotonin within these pathways. Methods: Animal behaviours were evaluated using open field, hexobarbitone-induced sleep model, and anticonvulsant activity using picrotoxin-, or strychnine-, or isoniazid-induced convulsions. Attempt to understand the mode of action of the anticonvulsant activity of the plant, three notable antagonists (flumazenil, 3 mg/kg; naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., and cyproheptadine, 4 mg/kg, i.p) we

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Tsyvunin, Vadim, Sergiy Shtrygol, Mariia Mishchenko, and Diana Shtrygol. "Digoxin at sub-cardiotonic dose modulates the anticonvulsive potential of valproate, levetiracetam and topiramate in experimental primary generalized seizures." Česká a slovenská farmacie 71, no. 2 (2022): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/csf2022-2-76.

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The prevalence of epilepsy in the world population together with a high percentage of patients resistant to existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) stimulates the constant search for new approaches to the treatment of the disease. Previously a significant anticonvulsant potential of cardiac glycoside digoxin has been verified by enhancing a weak activity of AEDs in low doses under screening models of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of digoxin at a sub-cardiotonic dose on the anticonvulsant activity of val

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Bahadoran, Ensiyeh, Mohammad Amin Khorasani, Milad Kazemi, and Yazdan Naderi. "Bavachinin attenuates pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in adult male mice." Functional Food Science - Online ISSN: 2767-3146 5, no. 5 (2025): 182–93. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffs.v5i5.1627.

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Background: Epileptic seizures affect approximately 10% of the global population and are associated with morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Despite the availability of antiepileptic drugs, a lot of patients remain resistant to current treatments. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important contributors to seizure pathophysiology. Bavachinin is a flavonoid derived from Psoralea corylifolia, which has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of bavachinin in a pentylenetetra

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Galstyan, David S., Tatyana O. Kolesnikova, Yurii M. Kositsyn, et al. "Modeling and assaying seizure activity in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 20, no. 2 (2022): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf202193-199.

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Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that has many causes with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. Epilepsy, commonly studied in rodents, can also be modeled in zebrafish (Danio rerio). There are effective pharmacological and genetic models for zebrafish, sensitive to both pro and anticonvulsant effects. These aquatic models are likely to help expand the fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of epilepsy pathogenesis and develop epilepsy therapy.

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Gonzalez-Rivera, Maria L., Juan Carlos Barragan-Galvez, Deisy Gasca-Martínez, Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa, Mario Isiordia-Espinoza, and Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro. "In Vivo Neuropharmacological Effects of Neophytadiene." Molecules 28, no. 8 (2023): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083457.

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Neophytadiene (NPT) is a diterpene found in the methanolic extracts of Crataeva nurvala and Blumea lacera, plants reported with anxiolytic-like activity, sedative properties, and antidepressant-like actions; however, the contribution of neophytadiene to these effects is unknown. This study determined the neuropharmacological (anxiolytic-like, antidepressant-like, anticonvulsant, and sedative) effects of neophytadiene (0.1–10 mg/kg p.o.) and determined the mechanisms of action involved in the neuropharmacological actions using inhibitors such as flumazenil and analyzing the possible interaction

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TK, Hafis, Shyamjith Manikkoth, Melinda Sequeira, and Roopa P. Nayak. "Pharmacological evidence for the anticonvulsant activity of Tylophora indica in experimental animal models." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 4 (2017): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20171029.

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Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. The antiepileptic drugs currently used are unable to manage seizures effectively and are associated with numerous adverse drug effects. Hence, there is a necessity of a newer anticonvulsant drug with high therapeutic index profile. The objective of this pre-clinical research was to investigate the role of Tylophora indica on Maximal electric shock [MES] and Pentylene tetrazole [PTZ] provoked convulsions in Wistar albino rats.Methods: 36 Wistar albino rats were used for this study, after obtaining ethical clearance. The ethanolic extract o

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Sivakova, N. A., I. V. Abramova, I. Yu Trukhina, et al. "The study of risk factors for osteoporosis with prolonged use of anticonvulsants: intermediate results." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY 58, no. 4-2 (2024): 111–22. https://doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2024-1009.

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The mechanisms of anticonvulsant effects on bone metabolism are not studied sufficiently. This determines the relevance of research on factors that influence the development of osteoporosis in patients taking long-term anticonvulsants. The aim of the study to evaluate the effect of modifiable and non-modifiable osteoporosis risk factors on changes in bone mineral density during long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Materials and methods. The study included 100 adult patients receiving anticonvulsants for moren12 months and 58 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent a clinical screenin

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Borowicz-Reutt, Kinga, and Monika Banach. "Chronic Treatment with Oxcarbazepine Attenuates Its Anticonvulsant Effect in the Maximal Electroshock Model in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 12 (2024): 6751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126751.

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The objective of this study was to assess the impact of acute and chronic treatment with oxcarbazepine on its anticonvulsant activity, neurological adverse effects, and protective index in mice. Oxcarbazepine was administered in four protocols: once or twice daily for one week (7 × 1 or 7 × 2) and once or twice daily for two weeks (14 × 1 or 14 × 2). A single dose of the drug was employed as a control. The anticonvulsant effect was evaluated in the maximal electroshock test in mice. Motor and long-term memory impairment were assessed using the chimney test and the passive avoidance task, respe

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Ali Esmail Al-Snafi. "Medicinal plants with anticonvulsant activities with emphasis on their mechanisms of action." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 1, no. 2 (2021): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0045.

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A large percent of the patients were controlled by the available antiepileptic drugs. The limited efficacy of antiepileptic drugs is still a matter of concern, >30% of patients showed refractory epilepsy and 30-40% suffered from antiepileptic side effects. Many kinds of medicinal plants possessed antiepileptic activity, and many researchers have focused on the efficacy of their crude extracts. This review discussed the medicinal plants with antiepileptic effect focusing on active ingredients and their mode of action.

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Bezza, Kenza, Zineb El Gabbas, Jawad Laadraoui, Mehdi Ait Laaradia, Sara Oufquir, and Abderrahman Chait. "Ameliorative potential of Anacyclus pyrethrum extract in generalized seizures in rat: Possible cholinergic mediated mechanism." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 14, no. 4 (2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v14i4.40537.

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The present study evaluates the anticonvulsant activity of the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum using pilocarpine-induced experimental model of epilepsy in rat, and to determine its possible anticonvulsant mechanism. Ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) or alkylamides (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered orally 45 min before the injection of pilocarpine-induced (400 mg/kg) seizures. The possible anticonvulsant mechanism was investigated by testing the effect of atropine (2 mL/kg) and scopolamine (1 mg/kg). The scoring of seizure severity, seizures time latency, duration of total seizures and percenta

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Gawel, Kinga, Wirginia Kukula-Koch, Dorota Nieoczym, et al. "The Influence of Palmatine Isolated from Berberis sibirica Radix on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Zebrafish." Cells 9, no. 5 (2020): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051233.

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Palmatine (PALM) and berberine (BERB) are widely identified isoquinoline alkaloids among the representatives of the Berberidaceae botanical family. The antiseizure activity of BERB was shown previously in experimental epilepsy models. We assessed the effect of PALM in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure assay in zebrafish, with BERB as an active reference compound. Both alkaloids were isolated from the methanolic root extract of Berberis sibirica by counter-current chromatography, and their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier was determined via quantitative structure–activity relat

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López-Rosas, Carlos Alberto, Santiago González-Periañez, Tushar Janardan Pawar, et al. "Anticonvulsant Potential and Toxicological Profile of Verbesina persicifolia Leaf Extracts: Evaluation in Zebrafish Seizure and Artemia salina Toxicity Models." Plants 14, no. 7 (2025): 1078. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14071078.

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with significant treatment challenges, necessitating the search for alternative therapies. This study evaluates the anticonvulsant activity and toxicological profile of Verbesina persicifolia leaf extracts. Methanolic and sequential fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) were tested using a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in zebrafish (Danio rerio), measuring seizure latency, severity, and survival rates. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids, suggesting potentia

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Costa, Bárbara, and Nuno Vale. "Virus-Induced Epilepsy vs. Epilepsy Patients Acquiring Viral Infection: Unravelling the Complex Relationship for Precision Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7 (2024): 3730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073730.

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The intricate relationship between viruses and epilepsy involves a bidirectional interaction. Certain viruses can induce epilepsy by infecting the brain, leading to inflammation, damage, or abnormal electrical activity. Conversely, epilepsy patients may be more susceptible to viral infections due to factors, such as compromised immune systems, anticonvulsant drugs, or surgical interventions. Neuroinflammation, a common factor in both scenarios, exhibits onset, duration, intensity, and consequence variations. It can modulate epileptogenesis, increase seizure susceptibility, and impact anticonvu

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Gawel, Kinga, Wirginia Kukula-Koch, Nancy Saana Banono, et al. "6-Gingerol, a Major Constituent of Zingiber officinale Rhizoma, Exerts Anticonvulsant Activity in the Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure Model in Larval Zebrafish." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147745.

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Zingiber officinale is one of the most frequently used medicinal herbs in Asia. Using rodent seizure models, it was previously shown that Zingiber officinale hydroethanolic extract exerts antiseizure activity, but the active constituents responsible for this effect have not been determined. In this paper, we demonstrated that Zingiber officinale methanolic extract exerts anticonvulsant activity in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced hyperlocomotion assay in larval zebrafish. Next, we isolated 6-gingerol (6-GIN) – a major constituent of Zingiber officinale rhizoma. We observed that 6-GIN exert

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Цивунін, В. В., С. Ю. Штриголь, and Т. В. Горбач. "Effect of digoxin, sodium valproate, their combination and celecoxib on neuroactive amino acids content and cerebral Na+, K+-ATPase activity in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice." Фармакологія та лікарська токсикологія 17, no. 4 (2023): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33250/17.04.227.

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   Our previous studies have shown moderate anticonvulsant efficiency of celecoxib as well as high efficiency of the combination of digoxin at subcardiotonic dose with widespread antiepileptic drugs at a sub- effective doses in various models of primary-generalized chemoinduced seizures. The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of these medicines in the model of chronic epileptogenesis and the possible neurochemical mechanism of anticonvulsant action of digoxin and celecoxib per se as well as the combination of digoxin with sodium valproate. For this purpose

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Bahr, Tyler A., Damian Rodriguez, Cody Beaumont, and Kathryn Allred. "The Effects of Various Essential Oils on Epilepsy and Acute Seizure: A Systematic Review." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (May 22, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6216745.

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Many essential oils (EOs) have anticonvulsant activity and might benefit people with epilepsy. Lemongrass, lavender, clove, dill, and other EOs containing constituents such as asarone, carvone, citral, eugenol, or linalool are good candidates for evaluation as antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, some EOs have convulsant effects and may trigger seizures in both epileptic and healthy individuals. Internal use of EOs like sage, hyssop, rosemary, camphor, pennyroyal, eucalyptus, cedar, thuja, and fennel can cause epileptic seizures because they contain thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, or pinocam

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Elusiyan, Christianah A., Ana Luiza Gonçalves Faria, Ane Emanuelle Queiroga Mendes, et al. "Involvement of the Benzodiazepine Site in the Anticonvulsant Activity of Tapinanthus globiferus against Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures in Mice." Planta Medica 86, no. 16 (2020): 1204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1209-1254.

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Abstract Tapinanthus globiferus is often referred to as an all-purpose herb for the treatment of stroke and epilepsy. The present study investigates the anticonvulsant effect of methanolic leaf extract, active fractions, and lupeol (isolate) of Tapinanthus globiferus in mice as well as the underlying mechanisms. Following phytochemical studies of T. globiferus, preliminary assays were performed to evaluate MLE-induced toxic effect and behavioral changes. The pentylenetetrazol (70 mg/kg, i. p.)-induced seizure was evaluated in mice that were pretreated orally with vehicle 10 mL/kg, MLE (4, 20,

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Caffarelli, Carla, Antonella Al Refaie, Caterina Mondillo, et al. "Bone Fracture in Rett Syndrome: Mechanisms and Prevention Strategies." Children 10, no. 12 (2023): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10121861.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the burden and management of fragility fractures in subjects with Rett syndrome. We searched all relevant medical literature from 1 January 1986 to 30 June 2023 for studies under the search term “Rett syndrome and fracture”. The fracture frequency ranges from a minimum of 13.9% to a maximum of 36.1%. The majority of such fractures occur in lower limb bones and are associated with low bone mineral density. Anticonvulsant use, joint contractures, immobilization, low physical activity, poor nutrition, the genotype, and lower calcium and vitamin D intakes all si

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Melekhova, A. S., L. G. Kubarskaya, A. N. Petrov, et al. "Dynamics of Changes in Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain and Bood of Rats During Pharmacological Correction of Seizures Caused by Carbamate." Journal Biomed 18, no. 3 (2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-18-3-27-31.

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To simulate a convulsive syndrome, phenylcarbamate was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Valproic acid aminoester (43 mg/kg), caramiphene (50 mg/kg), and diferidine (2 mg/kg) were investigated as potential anticonvulsant drugs. Blood and brain tissue for the determination of acetylcholinesterase (AСhE) were taken at 10, 30, 60 minutes, 6 and 24 hours after administration of the xenobiotic. In case of poisoning with reversible inhibitors of AChE and accumulation of acetylcholine in the CNS synapses (due to inhibition of AChE activity), only the initial manifestations of convu

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Prakash G, Mohan S, Sundararajan N, Senthil Kumar C, and Karpakavalli M. "Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-epileptic Activity of Thiohydantoin Derivatives." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3524.

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A vast number of biological properties have been recognised to Thiohydantoin derivatives, have attracted continuing interest because of their various biological activities, namely anticonvulsant, hypolipidemic activity, anti-thyroidal activity, and anti-microbial actions. In this look upon, multiple numbers of Thiohydantoin derivatives are synthesised besides anti-epileptic mechanisms have been investigated. A series of 3-substituted 2-thiohydantoin Derivatives were synthesised from Benzil via Benzil-Benzilic Acid Rearrangement, characterised and evaluated for their anti-epileptic activity by

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Sayyed Mudasar Hussain, Uzair Nisar, Kalpana Jeewnani, Muhammad Jamal, Shabana Usman Simjee, and Umbreen Farrukh. "Protective Effects of Mefenamic Acid against Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures: An Experimental Study." RADS Journal of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2024): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.37962/jphs.v2i2.114.

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Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Despite advancements in treatment, approximately 30% of patients remain unresponsive to current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), highlighting the need for alternative therapies. Mefenamic acid (MFA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has shown potential anticonvulsant properties, possibly through modulation of GABAA receptors and adenosine signaling. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of MFA in a pentylenetetrazol

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Guzzo, Edson Fernando Muller, Gabriel de Lima Rosa, Rafael Padilha Bremm, Caroline Paula Meska, Carmen Regla Vargas, and Adriana Simon Coitinho. "Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Behavior in Animals Treated with Dexametasone and Submitted to Pentylenetetrazol Kindling." Journal of Epilepsy Research 11, no. 2 (2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14581/jer.21017.

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Background and Purpose: Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as an excessive production of reactive oxygen species that cannot be neutralized by the action of antioxidants, but also as an alteration of the cellular redox balance. The relationship between OS and epilepsy is not yet fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on OS levels and memory in the kindling model induced by pentylenetetrazole.Methods: The animals were divided in six groups: control group that received no treatment, vehicle group treated with vehicle, diazepam group, and groups tr

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Nguyen, Duong Bao Ngoc, Thi Thu Nguyen, and Hai Anh Ha. "Anti-cancer activity and mechanisms of Quinazolinone derivaties: A review." DTU Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 29 (2018): 132–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8350690.

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Quinazolinone derivaties has long been developed for use as medicine for human, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, antihypertensives, anticonvulsants, anti-cancer. Several quinazolinone drugs have been approved for circulation as anticancer drugs, some other compounds are being in clinically or preclinical studies. The development of new drugs based on quinazolinone structure may be able to inherit the properties and relationships between the structure and activity, as well as the target molecule of derivaties. In this review, we systematize the bioactivities, and summarize general fe

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Sombati, S., and R. J. Delorenzo. "Recurrent spontaneous seizure activity in hippocampal neuronal networks in culture." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 4 (1995): 1706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.4.1706.

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1. Experiments were carried out using intracellular recording techniques on hippocampal neurons maintained in culture to determine if populations of hippocampal neurons could be induced to develop spontaneously recurring epileptiform discharges. This study demonstrates the conversion of normal hippocampal neurons in culture by a brief Mg(2+)-free treatment into a preparation of cells that permanently manifested recurrent, spontaneous seizure discharges. These electrographic seizure discharges illustrated the same electrographic properties seen in human epilepsy and were observed for the life o

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Voronina, T. A., S. A. Litvinova, N. A. Gladysheva, and А. A. Yakovleva. "Study of the electrophysiological mechanisms of anticonvulsant action of the original levetiracetam analog the compound GIZH-290." Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2021-1-38-44.

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The study used the method of cobalt epilepsy, which allows rats with long-term implanted electrodes in the cortical and subcortical structures of the brain to monitor the dynamics of the formation and migration of Epi-foci for a long time. It was found that in the control at the 1st stage of development of the Epi system, Epi activity is most pronounced in the electrocorticograms of the ipsilateral cortex, and at the 2nd, stable stage of development of the Epi system – in the contralateral cortex and subcortical structures. The compound GIZH-290 (the original structural analogue of levetiracet

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Shalini, Agarwal, and Goyal Anju. "Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Hydrazide-Hydrazone Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 7, no. 3 (2020): 100–107. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13954554.

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The exploration of novel compounds with antibacterial, anticancer, and anticonvulsant activities is a significant area of research due to the rising challenges posed by drug-resistant bacterial strains, cancer, and neurological disorders. The continual rise of drug-resistant bacterial strains, the complex challenges associated with cancer, and the persistent enigma of neurological disorders have fueled an ongoing quest for innovative therapeutic agents. Among the myriad compounds under investigation, hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives have emerged as promising candidates with diverse biological a

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Mukhamedzyanov, Ramil' Davletzyanovich, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Martynov. "SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS OF EPILEPSY: CONTEMPORARY VIEW." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2024-2-18-29.

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The purpose of the paper is to analyze possible mechanisms of ictal activity at the synaptic level in epilepsy. Materials and Methods. The search for literature sources was carried out in Pubmed, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar. Results. The diversity of pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy makes it difficult to treat approximately one third of patients, whose ictal activity is not suppressed by traditional pharmacological agents. The increased glutamate effect may be a consequence of its increased concentration in the intercellular space due to impaired reuptake caused by dysfunction of

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Avilés-Montes, Dante, David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez, César Sotelo-Leyva, et al. "Neuropharmacological Activity of the Acetonic Extract of Malpighia mexicana A. Juss. and Its Phytochemical Profile." Scientia Pharmaceutica 91, no. 4 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm91040047.

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Mental and neurological disorders are conditions that affect thoughts, emotions, behavior, and relationships. Malpighia mexicana A. Juss. is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of such disorders. This work aimed to investigate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects of the acetonic extract (MmAE) of M. mexicana and its fractions (F3, F4-10, F14) using the forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), pentobarbital-induced sleep test (PBTt), and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure test (PTZt). MmAE, F

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Southam, Eric, Sharon C. Stratton, Rebecca S. Sargent, et al. "Broad spectrum anticonvulsant activity of BW534U87: possible role of an adenosine-dependent mechanism." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 74, no. 1 (2002): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00956-5.

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Nikolaev, Maxim V., Irina M. Fedorova, Oxana V. Chistyakova, et al. "Dual Mechanisms of the Diazepine-Benzimidazole Derivative, DAB-19, in Modulating Glutamatergic Neurotransmission." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 11 (2025): 5299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115299.

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The search for novel compounds with anticonvulsant properties remains a key focus in neuropharmacology. Recently, the diazepine-benzimidazole derivative, DAB-19, has emerged as a promising candidate due to its demonstrated anxiolytic and analgesic effects. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms underlying DAB-19’s activity, focusing on its impact on glutamatergic transmission, a key target in the pathophysiology of various central nervous system disorders. Intriguingly, while DAB-19 suppressed evoked glutamatergic transmission in rat brain slices, it simultaneously enhanced spontaneous n

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Shushpanova, T., V. Semke, T. P. Novozheyeva, and V. Lebedeva. "Influence of original anticonvulsant on pharmacometabolizing function of liver in patients with alcoholism." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72988-1.

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ObjectiveWe investigated effect of long-term dosing of original anticonvulsant Galodif® (derivative of meta-chlor-benzhydrilourea). On activity of liver cytochrome P-450 system of alcoholics.Methods68 patients with alcoholism were examined. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with method of statistical moments of K. Yamaoka.ResultsIn chronic alcoholism elimination of antipirine becomes slower. Examined by us patients had enough long term of alcoholization and we may suppose that acceleration of elimination of antipirine, occurring at the onset of disease was replaced by some suppression

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De Sarro, G., F. Nava, G. Calapai, and A. De Sarro. "Effects of some excitatory amino acid antagonists and drugs enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission on pefloxacin-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, no. 2 (1997): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.41.2.427.

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The behavioral and convulsant effects of pefloxacin (PEFLO), a quinolone derivative, were studied after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to Dilute Brown Agouti DBA/2J (DBA/2) mice, a strain genetically susceptible to sound-induced seizures. The anticonvulsant effects of some excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonists acting at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA) receptors and of some compounds enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission against seizures induced by PEFLO were also evaluated. The presen

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Sukanta, Debnath* Sibaji Sarkar Dibyendu Shil Diptendu Bhowmik. "A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 10 (2024): 356–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13899186.

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Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for treating a range of ailments such as fever, cough, inflammation, and skin diseases. The plant is rich in phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds responsible for its medicinal properties. Studies have shown that C. infortunatum has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic effects. Despite its traditional use, research on its safety and toxicology is still limited, though it is generally considered safe in therapeutic doses. There is also a lack of deta

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Ishola, Ismail O., Moshood O. Akinleye, Olasunmbo O. Afolayan, Hyginus E. Okonkwo, Oyeronke T. Animashaun, and Esther O. Agbaje. "Anticonvulsant activity of Nymphaea lotus Linn. extract in mice: The role of GABAergic-glutamatergic neurotransmission and antioxidant defence mechanisms." Epilepsy Research 181 (March 2022): 106871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106871.

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Kiss, Rita-Judit, Ágnes Csüdör, Máté Sárosi, et al. "Effect of carbamazepine-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex on seizure-like events in an in vitro model of temporal lobe epilepsy." Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica 70, no. 2 (2024): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2024-0007.

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Abstract Objective: Pharmacoresistant epilepsy represents a significant global health challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Despite advances in antiseizure medications, many patients remain treatment-resistant partially due to complex pharmacokinetic issues. Beta-cyclodextrin, known for enhancing drug solubility and stability, offers potential solutions by forming inclusion complexes, thereby improving anti-seizure medication’s efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of beta-cyclodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin-complexed carbamazepine on epileptiform activities, usi

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Markova, E. V., I. V. Savkin, E. V. Serenko, M. A. Knyazheva, and Yu A. Shevchenko. "Central Effects of Peripherically Introduced Immune Cells Modulated by an Original Anticonvulsant in Experimental Alcoholism." Нейрохимия 40, no. 4 (2023): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1027813323030123.

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Violation of neuroimmune regulatory interrelation, caused, in particular, by a change in the immune cell’s functional phenotype due to chronic ethanol intoxication, is an essential link in the pathogenesis of alcoholism. The unidirectional influence of most psychoactive drugs on the cells of the nervous and immune systems allows to consider immune cells as model objects for influencing intersystem functional interrelation. Based upon our own priority data on the presence of immunomodulatory properties in chronic alcohol intoxication at the original anticonvulsant acting on the molecular target

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Nnenna, Williams Afamuefuna, Ifiok Francis Bassey, Eru Mba Eru, et al. "Neuroprotective and Anticonvulsant Effects of Guava Leaf Extract (Psidium guajava): Implications for Seizure Management and Cognitive Health." International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 22, no. 2 (2025): 66–82. https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2025/v22i2475.

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Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that severely impact quality of life. The increasing need for safer and more effective anticonvulsant therapies has led to the exploration of herbal remedies. This study investigates the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of Psidium guajava leaf extract using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model of induced seizures in rats. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: a normal control, an epileptic control, a standard drug (Diazepam), and two groups treated with low (200

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