Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanisms of organic reactions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanisms of organic reactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanisms of organic reactions"

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Liu, Qiang, Xufang Liu, and Bin Li. "Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions." Synthesis 51, no. 06 (February 19, 2019): 1293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612014.

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The catalytic olefin isomerization reaction is a highly efficient and atom-economic transformation in organic synthesis that has attracted tremendous attention both in academia and industry. Recently, the development of Earth-abundant metal catalysts has received growing interest owing to their wide availability, sustainability, and ­environmentally benign nature, as well as the unique properties of non-precious metals. This review provides an overview of a broad range of base-metal-catalyzed olefin isomerization reactions categorized ­according to their different reaction mechanisms.1 Introduction2 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions3 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions4 Conclusion
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Rakovsky, Slavcho, Metody Anachkov, Mikhail Belitskii, and Gennady Zaikov. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Ozone Reaction with Alcohols, Ketones, Ethers and Hydroxybenzenes." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4s (December 25, 2016): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04si.531.

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The review, based on 92 references, is focused on degradation of organics by ozonation and it comprises various classes of oxygen-containing organic compounds – alcohols, ketones, ethers and hydroxybenzenes. The mechanisms of a multitude of ozone reactions with these compounds in organic solvents are discussed in details, presenting the respective reaction schemes. The corresponding kinetic parameters are given and some thermodynamic parameters are also listed. The dependences of the kinetics and the mechanism of the ozonation reactions on the structure of the compounds, on the medium and on the reaction conditions are revealed. Various possible applications of ozonolysis are specified and discussed. All these reactions have practical importance for the protection of the environment.
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Daley, Ryan A., and Joseph J. Topczewski. "Aryl-Decarboxylation Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium: Scope and Mechanism." Synthesis 52, no. 03 (December 13, 2019): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690769.

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Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings and related reactions have enabled many transformations essential to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials. A related family of reactions that have received less attention are decarboxylative functionalization reactions. These reactions replace the preformed organometallic precursor (e.g., boronic acid or organostannane) with inexpensive and readily available carboxylic acids for many palladium-catalyzed reactions. This review focuses on catalyzed reactions where the elementary decarboxylation step is thought to occur at a palladium center. This review does not include decarboxylative reactions where decarboxylation is thought to be facilitated by a second metal (copper or silver) and is specifically limited to (hetero)arenecarboxylic acids. This review includes a discussion of oxidative Heck reactions, protodecarboxylation reactions, and cross-coupling reactions among others.1 Introduction2 Oxidative Heck Reactions3 Protodecarboxylation Reactions4 Cross-Coupling Reactions5 Other Reactions6 Conclusion
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Miller, Bernard. "Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanisms." Journal of Chemical Education 76, no. 3 (March 1999): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed076p320.2.

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Rosen, William M. "Advanced organic chemistry: Reactions and mechanisms." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance 10, no. 6 (1998): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0534(1998)10:6<369::aid-cmr4>3.0.co;2-v.

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THIBBLIN, A. "ChemInform Abstract: Elimination Reactions (Organic Reaction Mechanisms)." ChemInform 22, no. 45 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199145330.

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Zuman, Petr. "Electrochemical Reactions and Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry." Microchemical Journal 73, no. 3 (December 2002): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00025-5.

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BOWMAN, W. R. "ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reactions (Organic Reaction Mechanisms)." ChemInform 25, no. 13 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199413284.

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RHODES, C. J. "ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reactions (Organic Reaction Mechanisms)." ChemInform 25, no. 13 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199413285.

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Long, Fengqin, Zheng Chen, Keli Han, Lu Zhang, and Wei Zhuang. "Differentiation between Enamines and Tautomerizable Imines Oxidation Reaction Mechanism using Electron-Vibration-Vibration Two Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy." Molecules 24, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050869.

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Intermediates lie at the center of chemical reaction mechanisms. However, detecting intermediates in an organic reaction and understanding its role in reaction mechanisms remains a big challenge. In this paper, we used the theoretical calculations to explore the potential of the electron-vibration-vibration two-dimensional infrared (EVV-2DIR) spectroscopy in detecting the intermediates in the oxidation reactions of enamines and tautomerizable imines with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). We show that while it is difficult to identify the intermediates from their infrared and Raman signals, the simulated EVV-2DIR spectra of these intermediates have well resolved spectral features, which are absent in the signals of reactants and products. These characteristic spectral signatures can, therefore, be used to reveal the reaction mechanism as well as monitor the reaction progress. Our work suggests the potential strength of EVV-2DIR technique in studying the molecular mechanism of organic reactions in general.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanisms of organic reactions"

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Zeng, Xiaofeng. "Mechanisms for Solvolytic Elimination and Substitution Reactions Involving Short-lived Carbocation Intermediates." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Organic Chemistry, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2565.

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Solvolysis reactions of a range of tertiary substrates in largely aqueous solvents were studied in such respects as β-deuterium kinetic isotope effects, linear free energy relationships and stereochemistry.

Solvolysis of the fluorene derivatives 9-methyl–9-(2´-X-2´-propyl)fluorene (1-X, X = Cl, Br, OOCCF3) involves a very short-lived carbocation intermediate. The fraction of alkene is increased by addition of general bases, which can be expressed by a Brφnsted parameter β = 0.07. The kinetic deuterium isotope effects vary with solvent composition in a way which is not consistent with a common carbocation intermediate which has time to choose between dehydronation and addition of a solvent water molecule.

In the absence of bases, the reaction of 4-chloro-4-(4´-nitrophenyl)pentan-2-one (2-Cl) proceeds through a short-lived carbocation intermediate yielding 4-(4´-nitrophenyl)-2-oxopent-4-ene (2-t-ne)as the main elimination product. Addition of acetate ion and other weak bases results in the base-promoted E2 (or E1cb) reaction to give (E)-4-(4´-nitrophenyl)-2-oxopent-3-ene (2-E-ne) and (Z)-4-(4´-nitrophenyl)-2-oxopent-3-ene(2-Z-ne). There is no evidence for a water-promoted E2 (or E1cb) reaction.

The stereochemistry studies of elimination from (R,S and S,R)-[1-(3´-fluoro)phenyl-2-methyl]cyclopentyl-p-nitrobenzoate (3-PNB) and its (R,R and S,S)isomer 3´-PNB and (R,S and S,R)-[1´-(3´´-fluoro)phenyl-2´-methylcyclopentyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetate(3-OOCCF3) exclude the concerted pericyclic elimination mechanism for formation of the alkene 1-(3´-fluoro)phenyl-2-methylcyclopentene(3-m-ne). The effects of added thiocyanate ion and halide ions on the solvolysis reaction are discussed.

Mass spectrometry analysis showed complete incorporation of the labeled oxygen from solvent water into the product 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3-butene (4-OH), confirming that it is the tertiary carbon-oxygen bond that is broken in the acid-catalyzed solvolysis of 2-methoxy-2-phenyl-3-butene (4-OMe). The mechanism for the dominant formation of the less stable 4-OH is discussed.

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Chung, Lung Wa. "Computational studies of the reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry of metal-mediated organic reactions /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CHEM%202006%20CHUNG.

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Hayden, Amy Elizabeth. "Computational studies of mechanisms and reactivities of organic reactions." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1905657311&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ji, Pengju. "Kinetics and mechanisms of organic reactions in liquid ammonia." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/10033/.

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The rate constants for the reactions of a variety of nucleophiles reacting with substituted benzyl chlorides in liquid ammonia (LNH3) have been determined. To fully interpret the associated linear free-energy relationships, the ionisation constants of phenols ions in liquid ammonia were obtained using UV spectra. These equilibrium constants are the product of those for ion-pair formation and dissociation to the free ions, which can be separated by evaluating the effect of added ammonium ions. There is a linear relationship between the pKa of phenols in liquid ammonia and those in water of slope 1.68. Aminium ions exist in their unprotonated free base form in liquid ammonia and their ionisation constants could not be determined by NMR. The rates of solvolysis of substituted benzyl chlorides in liquid ammonia at 25 oC show a Hammett ρ of zero, having little or no dependence upon ring substituents, which is in stark contrast with the hydrolysis rates of substituted benzyl halides in water, which vary 107 fold. The rate of substitution of benzyl chloride by substituted phenoxide ions is first order in the concentration of the nucleophile indicative of a SN2 process, and the dependence of the rate constants on the pKa of the phenol in liquid ammonia generates a Brønsted βnuc = 0.40. Contrary to the solvolysis reaction, the reaction of phenoxide ion with 4-substituted benzyl chlorides gives a Hammett ρ = 1.1, excluding the 4-methoxy derivative, which shows the normal positive deviation. The second order rate constants for the substitution of benzyl chlorides by neutral and anionic amines show a single Brønsted βnuc = 0.21 (based on the aqueous pKa of amine), but their dependence on the substituent in substituted benzyl chlorides varies with a Hammett ρ of 0 for neutral amines, similar to that seen for solvolysis, whereas that for amine anions is 0.93, similar to that seen for phenoxide ion. The rates of aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions in liquid ammonia are much faster than those in protic solvents indicating that liquid ammonia behaves like a typical dipolar aprotic solvent in its solvent effects on organic reactions. Nitrofluorobenzenes (NFBs) readily undergo solvolysis in liquid ammonia and 2-NFB is about 30 times more reactive than the 4-substituted isomer. Oxygen nucleophiles, such as alkoxide and phenoxide ions, readily displace fluorine of 4-NFB in liquid ammonia to give the corresponding substitution product with little or no competing solvolysis product. Using the pKa of the substituted phenols in liquid ammonia, the Brønsted βnuc for the reaction of 4-NFB with para-substituted phenoxides is 0.91, indicative of the removal of most of the negative charge on the oxygen anion and complete bond formation in the transition state and therefore suggests that the decomposition of the Meisenheimer σ-intermediate is rate limiting. The aminolysis of 4-NFB occurs without general base catalysis by the amine and the second order rate constants generate a Brønsted βnuc of 0.36 using either the pKa of aminium ion in acetonitrile or in water, which is also interpreted in terms of rate limiting breakdown of Meisenheimer σ-intermediate. Nitrobenzene and diazene are formed as unusual products from the reaction between sodium azide and 4-NFB which may be due to the initially formed 4-nitroazidobenzene decomposing to give a nitrene intermediate, which may dimerise and be trapped by ammonia to give the unstable hydrazine which then yields nitrobenzene. We have developed a method for the amination of aryl halides in liquid ammonia using copper (I) catalysis which enables direct synthesis of a number of primary amines with excellent yields. This method does not require strong base and ligands as additives and the amination in liquid ammonia has exclusive selectivity for the formation of primary amines, even under relative higher temperature. The amount of catalyst required for the reaction is relatively lower than that generally used, and the convenience of products separation with liquid ammonia as reaction medium indicate its potential industrial application. The preliminary mechanistic investigation indicates that the rate of the amination is first order dependence on the concentration of copper (I) catalyst, and the formation of triamminecopper (I)-aryl ring intermediate is probably the rate limiting step in liquid ammonia. Due to strong coordination of solvent molecules to the copper (I) ion, the kinetics of the reaction are generally insensitive to the addition of other conventional ligands in liquid ammonia. The copper (I) catalysed 1,3-Huisgen cycloaddition reaction of azide and alkynes (CuIAAC) in liquid ammonia requires less catalyst than those in conventionally used solvents. The excellent yield, exclusive selectivity, and most importantly, the ease of separation of the product indicate the potential advantages of using liquid ammonia as the solvent for this reaction. The preliminary mechanistic investigation suggests that CuIAAC reaction in liquid ammonia is a stepwise process with the initial formation of copper (I)-acetylide ion complex, followed by its combination with copper (I) coordinated azide.
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Hammar, Peter. "Quantum Chemical Studies of Mechanisms and Stereoselectivities of Organocatalytic Reactions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk kemi (stängd 20110512), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11616.

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As the field of organocatalysis is growing, it is becoming more important to understand the specific modes of action of these new organic catalysts. Quantum chemistry, in particular density functional theory, has proven very powerful in exploring reaction mechanisms as well as selectivities in organocatalytic reactions, and is the tool used in this thesis. Different reaction mechanisms of several organocatalytic reactions have been examined, and we have been able to exclude various reaction pathways based on the calculated reaction barriers. The origins of stereoselection in a number of reactions have been rationalized. The computational method has generally reproduced the experimental stereoselectivities satisfactorily. The amino acid-catalyzed aldol reaction has previously been established to go through an enamine intermediate. In the first study of this thesis the understanding of this kind of reactions has been expanded to the dipeptide-catalyzed aldol reaction. The factors governing the enantioselection have been studied, showing how the chirality of the amino acids controls the conformation of the transition state, thereby determining the configuration of the product. In the cinchona thiourea-catalyzed Henry reaction two reaction modes regarding substrate binding to the two sites of the catalyst have been investigated, showing the optimal arrangement for this reaction. This enabled the rationalization of the observed stereoselectivity. The hydrophosphination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was studied. The bulky substituent of the chiral prolinol-derived catalyst was shown to effectively shield one face of the reactive iminium intermediate, thereby inducing the stereoselectivity. The transfer hydrogenation of imines using Hantzsch esters as hydride source and axially chiral phosphoric acid catalyst has also been explored. A reaction mode where both the Hantzsch ester and the protonated imine are hydrogen bonded to the phosphoric acid is demonstrated to be the preferred mode of action. The different arrangements leading to the two enantiomers of the product are evaluated for several cases, including the hydride transfer step in the reductive amination of α-branched aldehydes via dynamic kinetic resolution. Finally, the intramolecular aldol reaction of ketoaldehydes catalyzed by guanidinebased triazabicyclodecene (TBD) has been studied. Different mechanistic proposals have been assessed computationally, showing that the favoured reaction pathway is catalyzed by proton shuttling. The ability of a range of guanidines to catalyze this reaction has been investigated. The calculated reaction barriers reproduced the experimental reactivities quite well.
QC 20100719
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Hao, Weifang. "The Mechanisms of Hydride Exchange, Organic Combination and Displacement Reactions." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1226.

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The primary aim of this dissertation was to seek the answer to the question: “Is the single transition-state model appropriate for the fundamental reactions in organic chemistry?” The goal was accomplished by performing enormous kinetic data collection and detailed mechanistic analysis on several typical fundamental organic chemical reactions. Three new methodologies for differentiating between a simple one-step and complex multi-step mechanism were developed and extensively confirmed during the application in the kinetic studies of all of the reaction discussed in this dissertation. The three methods consist of (1) half-life dependence of kapp, (2) sequential linear pseudo-first-order correlation, and (3) revised instantaneous rate constant analysis. A detailed kinetic investigation of the formal hydride transfer reaction of NADH models [N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) with Nmethylacridinium (MA+) and N-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (MAH) with tropylium ion (Tr+)] confirmed that both these reactions take place in more than one step and involve kinetically significant reactant complex intermediates, which are noncovalentlly bound intermediates. Computations at the M06-2x/6-311++G(d,p) level provided the structure of the reactant complex intermediate. A reinvestigation of the formal hydride transfer reaction of 1-benzyl-3- cyanoquinolinium ion (BQCN+) with N-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (MAH) in acetonitrile (AN) confirmed that the reaction takes place in more than one step and revealed a new mechanism that had not previously been considered. It was observed that even residual oxygen under glove box conditions initiates a chain process leading to the same products. The combination reactions studied include the reaction between a carbocation and an anion as well as the reaction of trans-β-nitrostyrene with nitroethide ion. Conventional pseudo-first-order analysis as well as instantaneous rate constant analysis confirmed that the combination reactions do not follow the simple one-step mechanism. The SN2 displacement of halide ions by the 4- nitrophenoxide ion was also investigated and the kinetic data are inconsistent with the concerted single transition-state model.
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Power, Nicholas Patrick. "Kinetics and mechanisms of reactions of N-arylsulfonyl derivatives of imines." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267781.

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Tan, Kristine Joy Wei Mei. "Thiyl radical reactions with alkynes in the absence and presence of oxygen." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7036.

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This thesis is concerned with the reactions of sulfur-centred radicals and alkynes. The first objective of this work was to extend the scope of “self-terminating radical cyclisations” to sulfur-centred radicals, such as thiyl radicals. Preliminary experiments revealed that the reaction of thiyl radicals with alkynes was sensitive to residual oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, the reactions of photochemically generated phenylthiyl radicals with cyclodecyne (1) resulted in three isomeric sulfides, which were identified through a combination of techniques. (1S,6S)-2-phenylthiobicyclo[4.4.0]decane (trans-49a, unknown stereochemistry at C2) was identified by synthesis of an authentic sample, while the structure of (1S,2R,6S)-2-phenylthiobicyclo[4.4.0]decane (cis-49a1) was determined by X-ray analysis of the corresponding crystalline sulfone, cis-69. The third sulfide, (1S,2S,6S)-2-phenylthio-bicyclo[4.4.0]decane (cis-49a2), was assigned based on computational studies.
In addition, the reactions of benzylthiyl, tert-butylthiyl and allylthiyl radicals with cyclodecyne (1) were investigated. Various sources of thiyl radical generation were utilized, such as the photolysis of disulfides and thiols, hydrogen atom abstraction of thiols using radical initiators, as well as thiol autoxidation in the presence of oxygen. The radical cascade initiated by the addition of thiyl radicals to alkyne 1 was typically terminated by either reduction or disproportionation, whereas “self-termination” was only observed in one particular instance where the tert-butylthiyl radical was generated by autoxidation. However, this was only a minor pathway.
The second objective of this work was to investigate the reactions of thiyl radicals with alkynes in the presence of oxygen. For this purpose, phenylthiyl radicals were generated in the presence of diphenylacetylene (89) and molecular oxygen. Benzil (91), an α-diketone, and 1,2-diphenyl-2-(phenylthio)ethanone (93), an α-ketosulfide, were formed. The novel thiyl radical-mediated oxidation of diphenylacetylene to benzil mediated proceeds under mild and metal-free conditions, using various methods of thiyl radical generation. The product ratio of diketone to ketosulfide varied with the reaction conditions. Under photochemical conditions, benzil was formed but its photodegradation was also observed. Using autoxidation, moderate to good yields of both diketone 91 and ketosulfide 93 were obtained, although the product ratios varied with solvent and reaction conditions. Diketone 91 was the major product when the thiyl radical was generated electrochemically. Following investigation of the reaction mechanism using experimental and computational studies, the phenylthiyl peroxyl radical was identified as the key reactive intermediate. This represents the first synthetic application of thiyl peroxyl radicals.
Using autoxidation conditions, the oxidation was explored using substituted aromatic thiyl radicals, e.g. 2,6-dimethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylbenzene, 4-methoxybenzene and 4-nitrobenzene thiyl radicals. Except for the case of 4-methoxybenzene thiyl radicals, where generation of the thiyl radicals was inefficient, diketone 91 was formed as the dominant product. This oxidation of alkynes to ketones, via thiyl radical-mediated activation of oxygen, was then applied to cyclodecyne (1). Bicyclic ketones 7/8 were found as the major products under photochemical conditions, while sulfides 152/trans-49a were the dominant products under autoxidation conditions. Bicyclic ketones 7/8 were formed due to the intramolecular radical processes directed by the transannular strain of the ten-membered carbon framework. Only trace amounts of the cyclic α-diketone 151 were detected under autoxidation conditions.
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Demirtas, Ibrahim. "Synthesis and mechanisms of reactions of substituted N-tritylamines and related compounds." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389591.

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El-Kaddar, Yousef Younis. "Organosilicon reaction mechanisms." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375169.

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This thesis is concerned with the preparation and reactions of some highly sterically hindered organosilicon compounds, mainly of the type TeiSiMe2X where Tsi denotes the (Me3Si)3C group. The first detailed study of the reactions of TsiS1Me20CN has shown that reactions with NaN3 in MeOH or KSCN or KOCN in MeCN give exclusively the corresponding TsiSiMe2X compounds (X = N3, NCS, or NCO), whereas those with other salts, viz. LiCl, CsF, KSCN, and KOCN, give the TsiSiMe2X species along· with other products, including in many cases TsiSiMe2NCO and TsiSiMe20H (from traces of water), and (in MeOH) TsiSiMe20Me. The reaction with MeOH alone was never found to give less than 10% ot TslSiMe20H, along with the expected TsiSiMe20Me, however carefully the MeOH was dried. The extreme sensitivity of the cyanate towards water was illustrated by the fact that the rate ot solvolysis in 'dry' MeOH was increased by~. 90% by addition of 0.05 vol-% of H2o, and the hydroxide was the sole product, whereas the rate for the triflate TsiSiMe2- OS02CF3 was increased by only 13% and the product was a 60:40 mixture of TsiSiMe20Me and TsiSiMe20H. The rate constant for the triflate increased linearly with the water concentration but that of the cyanate did not. The presence of NaOMe in MeOH led to rapid isomerization of the cyanate to the isocyanate, TsiSiMe2NCO, with the rate of isomerization being proportional to the base concentration: a possible explanation of this effect of base is suggested. Isomerization catalysed by ICI in CC14 was found to be of ca. second order with respect to both the cyanate and the IcI: A detailed kinetic study has been carried out of the the reactions of TsiSiMe2X compounds, with X c I, Br, Cl, or ON02' with various alkali metal salts, MY, viz. NaN3' CsF, KSCN, and KOCN in MeOH and with KSCN in MeCN. For X • I, Br, or Cl, the reactions have been shown to be much more complex than was previously thought, the compounds TsiSiMe20Me, TsiSiMe20H, and (Me3Si}2CHSiMe2oMe commonly being formed along with TsiSiMe2Y. The order of effectiveness of the salts in the formation of TsiSiMe2Y is CsF > NaN3 > KSCN > KOCN, except that for X - I the order for CsF and NaN3 is reversed. Approximate values of the activation parameters have been obtained: the activation entropies have very high negative values, consistent with formation of a very crowded transition state. The nitrate is markedly more reactive even than the iodide, and gives cleaner conversions into TsSiMe2Y compounds: the activation energies are much lower and the activation entropies much more negative than those tor the halides. Reactions of the compounds (Me3Si)2C(SiMe2H)(SiMe2Cl) with alkali metal salts have been shown to be much faster than those of TsiSiMe2Cl, casting doubt on an earlier suggestion that the ease of solvolysis of the former chloride might be due to anchimeric assistance by y-H.
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Books on the topic "Mechanisms of organic reactions"

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Maskill, Howard. Mechanisms of organic reactions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Mechanisms in organic reactions. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004.

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Abel, E. W., ed. Mechanisms in Organic Reactions. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551337.

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Mechanisms of organic reactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Spiers, Paul. Organic reaction mechanisms. Cambridge: Daniels, 1991.

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K, Parashar R., ed. Organic reaction mechanisms. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2002.

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H, Solomon Philippa, ed. Writing reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. 2nd ed. San Diego: Harcourt/Academic Press, 2000.

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Writing reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. San Diego: Academic Press, 1992.

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Miller, Bernard. Advanced organic chemistry: Reactions and mechanisms. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Education, 2004.

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Miller, Bernard. Advanced organic chemistry: Reactions and mechanisms. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanisms of organic reactions"

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Birsa, M. L. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms · 2014, 423–34. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118941829.ch9.

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Birsa, M. L. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms · 2006, 307–16. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470669587.ch10.

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Birsa, M. L. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms · 2008, 253–65. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470979525.ch10.

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Birsa, M. L. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms Series, 361–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118560273.ch10.

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Birsa, M. L. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms Series, 335–46. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119972471.ch10.

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Knipe, A. C. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms Series, 347–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470022051.ch10.

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Knipe, A. C. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2001, 329–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470866748.ch10.

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Birsa, M. L. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms Series, 285–97. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119941910.ch10.

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Birsa, M. L. "Elimination Reactions." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms Series, 265–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975800.ch10.

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Went, Charles. "Classification of Reactions and Reagents." In Ionic Organic Mechanisms, 41–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07964-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanisms of organic reactions"

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Zelentsov, Sergei, Nadezda Zelentsova, and Yuri Semchikov. "On the Mechanism of Microwave Initiated Reactions." In The 8th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-8-01988.

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Ormachea, Carla, Mauro Cainelli, María Kneeteman, and Pedro Mancini. "Reaction Mechanism of Polar Diels-Alder Reactions Between 3-Nitrofuran and different Dienes. A Theoretical Study." In The 18th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-18-e014.

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Stadlbauer, Wolfgang, Hoai Dang, and Anna Täubl. "Synthetic Use of Thermoanalytical Methods in the Determination of Ringclosure Reaction Conditions and Reaction Mechanisms." In The 9th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-9-01469.

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Mayer, Georgy V., O. K. Bazyl, and Victor Y. Artyukhov. "Mechanism of primary photochemistry reactions in organic molecules using quantum chemistry methods." In International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Pulsed Lasers, edited by Victor F. Tarasenko, Georgy V. Mayer, and Gueorgii G. Petrash. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.311936.

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Al-Muntasheri, Ghaithan A., Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din, Joop Peters, and Pacelli Lidio Jose Zitha. "Investigation of a High Temperature Organic Water Shutoff Gel: Reaction Mechanisms." In SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97530-ms.

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Abe, Tomotaka, Ken’ichi Hiratsuka, and Czesław Kajdas. "Tribocatalytic Enhancement of Methane Oxidation." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64034.

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Oxidation reaction of methane is one of the most fundamental reactions in organic chemistry. This reaction is enhanced by silver catalyst [1]. In this study, we confirmed that the catalytic activity of silver is enhanced more by the friction. This effect is called tribocatalysis. In previous studies about tribocatalysis, we have shown that the oxidation reactions of hydrogen [2], carbon monoxide [3] and ethylene were promoted by the friction. According to NIRAM (negative-ion-radical action mechanism) approach, exo-electron emission triggers the promotion of chemical reactions [4]. Insulator such as aluminum oxide, when it is worn, emits larger number of negative particles including electrons compared with metals [5]. Therefore we expected that the friction of aluminum oxide promotes tribochemical reactions more than metals.
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Plehovich, Sergey, Sergey Zelentsov, and Alexandre Plehovich. "Quantum-chemical Study of Mechanism of the Photochemical Reactions of Nitro Compounds with Sulfur - and Nitroso Containing Compounds." In The 16th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-16-01048.

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Voronova, Irina, and Alexander Kulikov. "TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASES – THE KEY ENZYMES OF SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS IN MECHANISMS OF ADAPTIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE ORGANISM." In XV International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m348.sudak.ns2019-15/125-126.

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Dolan, Ryan, Sudong Yin, and Zhongchao Tan. "Hydrothermal Gasification of Waste Biomass Under Alkaline Conditions." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10610.

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Hydrothermal gasification is a promising technology for the treatment of wet organic biomass, and as such, has been subject to significant research effort. It is well known that two groups of catalysts exhibit high activity for hydrothermal gasification—broadly classified as platinum group metals and alkali salts. In the present work, this effect is further investigated through a study of the synergistic effects of sodium carbonate and Pt/Al2O3 on gas yield from cellulose at 315°C. Results indicate that dilute alkali appears far more efficient in promoting gasification reactions in the presence of Pt/Al2O3. Potential mechanisms and a comparison with the alkaline degradation pathways of glucose are discussed.
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Beyke, Gregory, and Gregory J. Smith. "Advances in the Application of In Situ Electrical Resistance Heating." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7136.

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Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) is an aggressive in situ thermal remediation technology that was developed by the U.S. Department of Energy from the original oil production technology to enhance vapor extraction remediation technologies in low permeability soils. Soil and groundwater are heated by the passage of electrical current through saturated and unsaturated soil between electrodes, not by the electrodes themselves. It is the resistance to the flow of electrical current that results in increased subsurface temperatures, and this is typically applied to the boiling point of water. It is estimated that more than 75 ERH applications have been performed. Capacity to perform these projects has increased over the years, and as many as 15 to 20 of these applications now being performed at any given time, mainly in North America, with some European applications. While the main focus has been to vaporize volatile organic compounds, as one would expect other semi-volatile and non-volatile organic compounds have also been encountered, resulting in observations of chemical and physical reactions that have not been normally incorporated into environmental restoration projects. One such reaction is hydrolysis, which is slow under normal groundwater temperatures, becomes very rapid under temperatures that can easily be achieved using ERH. As a result, these chemical and physical reactions are increasing the applicability of ERH in environmental restoration projects, treating a wider variety of compounds and utilizing biotic and abiotic mechanisms to reduce energy costs. For the treatment of oil and coal tar residues from manufactured gas plants, a process TRS has called steam bubble floatation is used to physically remove the coal and oil tar from the soils for collection using conventional multi-phase collection methods. Heat-enhanced hydrolysis has been used to remediate dichloromethane from soils and groundwater at a site in Illinois, while heat-enhanced biotic and abiotic dehalogenation has been observed at the vast majority of the sites where ERH has been applied. With disposal options becoming more limited around the world, alternate in situ treatment methods for soil and groundwater restoration are becoming more important. Over the 10 years of commercialization of the ERH technology, soil and groundwater remediation mechanisms and processes that were not envisioned by the technology’s developers expand the range of chemicals that have successfully been treated. This paper will discuss these processes and how these processes have been used to effect remediation of soil and groundwater where ERH has been employed.
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Reports on the topic "Mechanisms of organic reactions"

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Garlick, Stephanie M. Mechanisms and Kinetics of Catalytic Reactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229912.

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Meacham, J. E. Ignition requirements for organic-nitrate propagating reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/325381.

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Gerber, M. A. Waste Tank Organic Safety Project organic concentration mechanisms task. FY 1994 progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188480.

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Chapman, Piers, and John W. *Morse. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Calcite Reactions with Saline Waters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992616.

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Weydert, Marc. Tris(Cyclopentadienyl)Uranium-t-Butyl: Synthesis, reactions, and mechanisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10159968.

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Gorman, Brian P. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Calcite Reactions with Saline Waters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213531.

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Weydert, M. Tris(Cyclopentadienyl)Uranium-t-Butyl: Synthesis, reactions, and mechanisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6566863.

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Peyghambarian, N., S. Mazumdar, and N. Armstrong. New Mechanisms and New Materials for Organic Optical Nonlinearity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada282781.

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Peyghambarian, N., S. Mazumdar, and N. Armstrong. New Mechanisms and New Materials for Organic Optical Nonlinearity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada309840.

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Camaioni, Donald M., S. Tom Autrey, Michel Dupuis, and Wendy Shaw. Mechanisms and Kinetics of Organic Aging in High-Level Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833264.

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