Books: 'Mechanisms of persistence'

7

(Editor), C. J. Peters, and C. H. Calisher (Editor), eds. Infectious Diseases from Nature: Mechanisms of Viral Emergence and Persistence. Springer, 2005.

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Harrison, Mark. Mechanisms of disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198765875.003.0009.

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This chapter describes the microbiology of mechanisms of disease as they apply to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the basic terminology and mechanisms of attachment, invasions, and persistence. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

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Swaggerty, Christina L., Kenneth J. Genovese, Haiqi He, James Allen Byrd Jr, and Michael H. Kogut, eds. Mechanisms of Persistence, Survival, and Transmission of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens in Production Animals. Frontiers Media SA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-545-4.

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10

Infectious Diseases from Nature: Mechanisms of Viral Emergence and Persistence (Archives of Virology. Supplementa). Springer, 2006.

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11

Meaney, Michael J., and Rachel Yehuda. Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Risk for PTSD. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0017.

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This chapter discusses the epigenetic mechanisms involved in individual variation in and persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Such mechanisms make it possible to trace vulnerability for PTSD to effects that predate development of PTSD. While some may be genetic in origin, others may involve parental stress occurring pre-conception, in utero changes in the maternal environment contributing to developmental programming, and childhood adversity, resulting in modifications of genes’ contribution to PTSD risk. The chapter discusses epigenetic alterations implicated in hypothalamic–

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Fox, Liana, Florencia Torche, and Jane Waldfogel. Intergenerational Mobility. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.24.

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This article reviews current research on intergenerational mobility, which indicates opportunity for children to move beyond their social origins and obtain a status not dictated by that of their parents. Mobility tends to be measured by the extent of association between parents’ and adult children’s socioeconomic status (measured by social class, occupation, earnings, or family income). Stronger associations mean more intergenerational transmission of advantage (often referred to as persistence) and less mobility, whereas weaker associations indicate less persistence and more mobility. The ar

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Herrero, Rolando, and Raul Murillo. Cervical Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0048.

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Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 cases and 250,000 deaths per year. The disease is characterized by marked regional differences, with more than 80% of the cases and deaths occurring in developing countries. The etiology and natural history of the disease are very well studied, with persistent infection with one of thirteen human papillomavirus (HPV) types now considered to be a necessary cause. The molecular mechanisms have also been elucidated and are mediated mainly by the expression of viral oncogenes that interfere with cellular pa

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Chowdhury, Arjun. Sympathy for the Neoliberal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686710.003.0005.

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This chapter offers an alternative view of the emergence and persistence of the welfare state and the effect of neoliberalism on the state. By showing the very recent origins of the tax base to pay for elevated social spending, the chapter argues that the welfare state is more contingent than currently appreciated because its funding originated in costly and unrepeatable wars. Subsequently, the ability of the state to provide welfare has been challenged by neoliberalism, which offers markets as an alternative to state provision of services. The result is that the demand for services is high an

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Rainer, Grote. Part 4 Constitutionalism and Separation of Powers, 4.7 Westminster Democracy in an Islamic Context: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0025.

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This chapter examines the development of parliamentary democracy in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Malaysia, which arrived in all three countries as an import from the West, i.e. the UK. Their experience suggests that there have been few conceptual difficulties in introducing parliamentary democracy in these societies. The real challenge to the functioning of parliamentary democracy in these as in other, non-Islamic societies is not represented by religion, but by the persistence of undemocratic practices, particularly among the political elites, which prevents the mechanisms of electoral democracy

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Wilde, Guillermo. The Sounds of Indigenous Ancestors. Edited by Patricia Hall. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733163.013.32.

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This article examines how music, corporality, and memory were intertwined in the Jesuit missions of South America during the colonial period. More specifically, it considers how European music was imposed upon indigenous peoples whereas traditional indigenous musical traditions were censured as part of a larger project of political and cultural domination that was not completely unilateral. It argues that the Jesuits used censure and the mechanisms of adaptation in various regions of South America to disconnect musical expression and corporality that had characterized preexisting native ritual

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Cox, Josephine H., Stuart Z. Shapiro, Liza Dawson, Cynthia Geppert, Andrew M. Siegel, and M. Patricia D’Souza. Vaccines for The Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0032.

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While the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues, the overall incidence of HIV infections has fallen through use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and multiple prevention modalities. To achieve a durable end to the pandemic and avoid the requirement for daily antiretroviral medication over a lifetime, a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine remains essential. This chapter reviews current advances in prophylactic and therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine strategies and the challenges that lie ahead. Recent success in isolation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from infected individuals, the discovery

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Su, Rong, and Christopher D. Nye. Interests and Person–Environment Fit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199373222.003.0008.

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The search for “noncognitive” skills essential for workforce readiness has largely overlooked one important individual difference domain: interests. This chapter reviews evidence for the relationship between interests and job performance, career success, and academic achievement. It also discusses two mechanisms through which interests can predict a range of educational and work outcomes. First, interests serve as a source of intrinsic motivation that drives the direction, effort, and persistence of human behaviors. Specifically, interests contribute to learning and the acquisition of job know

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Eibl, Ferdinand. Social Dictatorships. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834274.001.0001.

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Why have social spending levels and social policy trajectories diverged so drastically across labour-abundant MENA regimes? And how can we explain the persistence of social spending after divergence? This books sets out to answer both questions. Itdevelops a theory about the emergence of authoritarian welfare states, arguing that autocratic leaders need both the incentives and the abilities to distribute welfare for authoritarian welfare states to emerge. The former are shaped by coalition-building dynamics at the onset of regime formation while the latter are conditioned by the external envir

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O’Brien, Barbara, and Catherine M. Grosso. Jury Selection in the Post-Batson Era. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190658113.003.0002.

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In Batson v. Kentucky (1986), the US Supreme Court sought to eradicate racial discrimination in jury selection by prohibiting the exercise of peremptory strikes based on race. This chapter reviews the evidence that Batson has failed to protect jurors from race-based strikes and the reasons for this failure. The test for establishing racial discrimination set forth in Batson suffers from design flaws that make its enforcement difficult given common psychological mechanisms at work in the decision-making process and which may be exacerbated by the jury selection process itself. Batson seeks to r

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Miu, Andrei C., Judith R. Homberg, and Klaus-Peter Lesch, eds. Genes, brain, and emotions. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793014.001.0001.

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With the advent of methods from behavioral genetics, molecular biology, and cognitive neuroscience, affective science has recently started to approach genetic influences on emotion, and the underlying intermediate neural mechanisms through which genes and experience shape emotion. The aim of this volume is to offer a comprehensive account of current research in the genetics of emotion, written by leading researchers, with extensive sections focused on methods, intermediate phenotypes, and clinical and translational work. Major methodological approaches are reviewed in the first section, includ

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22

Mease, Philip. Neurobiology of pain in osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0013.

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Significant advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of pain in osteoarthritis (OA) have occurred in the last decade and are herein summarized. Pain is the predominant symptom of OA and occurs at multiple levels from non-cartilage peripheral tissues to spinal cord, and brain and back. At each level, nerve function is regulated by complex ionic channels, neuropeptide expression, and cytokine and chemokine activity. Previously considered a non-inflammatory condition, it is now recognized that cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production occurs in OA synovium, contributing to

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Brondolo, Elizabeth, Irene V. Blair, and Amandeep Kaur. Biopsychosocial Mechanisms Linking Discrimination to Health: A Focus on Social Cognition. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.8.

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This chapter presents a theoretical framework that highlights the role of social cognition in mediating the effects of discrimination on health. This framework suggests that through alterations in schemas and appraisal processes, long-term discrimination increases the experienced frequency, intensity, and duration of threat exposure and concomitant distress. At the same time, the ability to recover from threat exposure may be impaired by the effects of discrimination on cognitive control processes that are necessary for modulating stress responses. Together, these processes may influence the a

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Chaudoir, Stephenie R., and Jeffrey D. Fisher. Stigma and the “Social Epidemic” of HIV: Understanding Bidirectional Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.28.

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HIV/AIDS is one of the most devastating public health threats facing the modern world, and its eradication relies heavily on the performance of individual risk-reduction and treatment behaviors. In this chapter, a bidirectional lens is applied to consider how stigma systematically and synergistically constrains individual ability to perform behaviors critical to the effective prevention and treatment of HIV (e.g., sexual risk reduction and medication adherence), which ultimately compromises physical health. In addition to producing increased stigma, compromised physical health may further inhi

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Veech, Joseph A. Habitat Ecology and Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829287.001.0001.

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Habitat is crucial to the survival and reproduction of individual organisms as well as persistence of populations. As such, species-habitat relationships have long been studied, particularly in the field of wildlife ecology and to a lesser extent in the more encompassing discipline of ecology. The habitat requirements of a species largely determine its spatial distribution and abundance in nature. One way to recognize and appreciate the over-riding importance of habitat is to consider that a young organism must find and settle into the appropriate type of habitat as one of the first challenges

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Hajer, Maarten A., and Jeroen Oomen. Captured Futures. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198955382.001.0001.

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Abstract Environmental politics as we know it cannot deliver. Despite all efforts politics is unable to bend the ecological trends. This book argues this is because environmental politics is captured. This capture doesn’t just express itself in a lobbying or lack of political will, but more profoundly in the capture of its ideas about the future, in the inability to imagine futures meaningfully different from the present. Examining environmental politics as drama reveals how all actors play their particular roles: scientists funnel narrow policy futures through their models; activists adopt po

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James A, Green. Part I The Origin and Legal Source of the Persistent Objector Rule, 2 The Persistent Objector Rule in Case Law and State Practice Post-1945. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0003.

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This chapter continues to assess the legal status of the persistent objector rule by examining its basis in post-1945 case law and post-1945 state practice and opinio juris. The support for the existence of the persistent objector rule in the academic world, while being relavant to, and perhaps indicative of, the emergence of the rule, cannot be viewed as enough to constitute the rule as a matter of international law in itself. Investigation in this chapter reveals a relatively small but cumulatively convincing degree of support for the persistent objector rule. Further investigation into this

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Mason, Peggy. Somatosensation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0017.

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Under normal circumstances, the somatosensory system contributes more to shaping movements than to perception. Yet damage to the somatosensory system can result in spontaneous pain and other abnormal somatic perceptions. An exploration of the mechanisms and pathways involved in touch perception is slanted toward understanding the contribution of the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway to the generation of paresthesia and dysesthesia. Peripheral somatosensory afferents that contribute to the perception of sharp or aching pain, temperature, and itch are described. The properties of transient

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James A, Green. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0001.

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The Introduction starts by outlining the main purpose of this book, which is to examine the persistent objector rule in international law. This rule, which is a core aspect of mainstream international law doctrine, holds that if a state persistently and consistently objects to a newly emerging norm of customary international law during the period of the ‘formation’ of that norm, the objecting state is then exempt from the customary norm in question once it has crystallised and for so long as the objection is maintained. So therefore, the ‘majority view’ of the persistent objector rule presents

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Karoly, Paul. A Goal-Centered, Self-Regulatory Model of Motivation and Its Relevance for Advancing the Study of Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0001.

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This chapter presents an account of goal constructs and of self-regulatory processes as critical mediators and/or moderators of chronic pain’s effects on diverse aspects of human performance and adjustment. The joint influence of goal cognition and the assorted mechanisms of self-regulation provides a unique platform for adaptive failure or vulnerability when operating at low levels of effectiveness and efficiency, and for adaptive resilience when functioning at its peak. Organized around a motivational model dubbed the Goal-Centered, Self-Regulatory, Automated, Social Systems Psychology (GRAS

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Saberski, Ean, and Lloyd Saberski. Management of Neuropathic Postoperative Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0019.

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Pain following surgery is routine and unavoidable but expected to resolve with time. In some cases, postoperative pain persists as the result of a neuropathic process such as a neuroma or nerve entrapment. Postoperative neuropathic pain is physiologically distinct from acute pain, but the mechanisms by which pain is transduced, transmitted, decoded, and modulated are shared. Effective treatment regimens for postoperative neuropathic pain employ a deliberate strategy to disrupt the aberrant nociceptive signal. Some surgeries are high risk for chronic postoperative pain with postherniorrhaphy pa

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Kachelriess, Michael. Quantum mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802877.003.0002.

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After a brief review of the operator approach to quantum mechanics, Feynmans path integral, which expresses a transition amplitude as a sum over all paths, is derived. Adding a linear coupling to an external source J and a damping term to the Lagrangian, the ground-state persistence amplitude is obtained. This quantity serves as the generating functional Z[J] for n-point Green functions which are the main target when studying quantum field theory. Then the harmonic oscillator as an example for a one-dimensional quantum field theory is discussed and the reason why a relativistic quantum theory

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Newman, Abraham L., and Elliot Posner. Legitimacy Claims and Pre-Crisis Transatlantic Alignment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818380.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 focuses on soft law’s second-order consequences for rising regulatory powers. One of the key puzzles in the international regulation of finance is the persistence of cooperation even as the number of economic great powers increases. The emergence of the European Union as a financial rule-maker in the late 1990s and early 2000s, roughly on par with the United States, resulted in a transatlantic alignment of regulatory approaches, not conflict over the fundamentals. This chapter demonstrates how soft law was used by reform-minded factions in Europe to legitimize their claims and tip in

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Arnsten, Amy F. T., Min J. Wang, and Constantinos D. Paspalas. The Neuroscience of Cognition and Cognitive Enhancing Compounds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0002.

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Higher cognitive disorders involve insults to the neural circuits of the newly evolved association cortices. Although these cortices comprise the majority of the human cortex, little is understood about their molecular modulation. Research on the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) indicates that the newly evolved layer III circuits underlying mental representation are regulated at the molecular level in a manner that is fundamentally different from classic synapses. These mechanisms must be respected to create effective treatments for human disorders, where a major goal is to optim

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Black, Sheila. The original description of central sensitization. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0040.

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The landmark study discussed in this chapter is ‘The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitization and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury’, published by Coderre and Melzack in 1992. Previous studies in this field implicate a contribution of excitatory amino acids (EAAs), specifically l-glutamate and l-aspartate, to injury-induced sensitization of nociceptive responses in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Repetitive stimulation of primary afferent fibres demonstrated that l-glutamate and NMDA can produce ‘wind-up’ of neuronal dorsal horn activity, an

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Sobol, Valeria. Haunted Empire. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750571.001.0001.

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This book shows that Gothic elements in Russian literature frequently expressed deep-set anxieties about the Russian imperial and national identity. The book argues that the persistent Gothic tropes in the literature of the Russian Empire enact deep historical and cultural tensions arising from Russia's idiosyncratic imperial experience. It brings together theories of empire and colonialism with close readings of canonical and less-studied literary texts as the book explores how Gothic horror arises from the threatening ambiguity of Russia's own past and present, producing the effect Sobol ter

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Tsai, Ching-Wei, Sanjeev Noel, and Hamid Rabb. Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury, Repair, and Regeneration. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0030.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI), regardless of its aetiology, can elicit persistent or permanent kidney tissue changes that are associated with progression to end-stage renal disease and a greater risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In other cases, AKI may result in complete repair and restoration of normal kidney function. The pathophysiological mechanisms of renal injury and repair include vascular, tubular, and inflammatory factors. The initial injury phase is characterized by rarefaction of peritubular vessels and engagement of the immune response via Toll-like receptor binding, activation of

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Adebajo, Adeola Aderayo. Pastoralist-Farmer Conflicts in Nigeria. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881810818.

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This book provides an in-depth analysis of one of the most persistent and perennial types of conflict in Africa– pastoralist-farmer conflicts – and the linkages with conflict management and resolution, vulnerability and displacement, government capacity and deficits, and the role of local and international governmental and non-governmental agencies in the specific Nigerian context. Conflict-induced displacement generates humanitarian and protection issues particularly when the government is unwilling to carry out its responsibility of protecting the civilians in flight. The book fills the inte

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Faraone, Stephen V., Pradeep G. Bhide, and Joseph Biederman. Neurobiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0064.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, early-onset and persistent disorder of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The mechanisms of action of ADHD medications, neuroimaging studies, and studies of monoamine systems and animal models suggest that dysregulation of catecholaminergic neurotransmission in cerebellar-corticostriatal circuits plays a key role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The efficacy of ADHD medications likely arises from their differing profile of effects on (a) dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and (b) the localization of these effects in p

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Anwar, Sibtain. DNIC and prediction of chronic post-surgical pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0073.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Prediction of chronic post-operative pain: Pre-operative DNIC testing identifies patients at risk’, published by Yarnitsky et al. in 2008. These authors were the first to report that it was possible to predict persistent post-surgical pain (PPP) before surgery took place, through the use of a laboratory-based assessment of endogenous analgesia: diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). Similar peripheral tissue damage at the time of surgery leads to a wide range of PPP intensities and trajectories in different patients. This is likely to be re

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Ferguson, Robert, and Karen Gillock. Memory and Attention Adaptation Training. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521526.001.0001.

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Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) designed to help cancer survivors self-manage and mitigate the late and long-term effects of cancer and cancer therapy on memory function. Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a set of mild to moderate memory and attention impairments that can have an adverse influence on quality of life. CRCI symptoms tend to present during active treatment, but for some individuals cognitive changes can persist for years. While the exact prevalence of CRCI is unknown, review of the literature estimates that nearl

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Anderson, Amanda. Psychology contra Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755821.003.0002.

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This chapter summarizes key elements of the challenge psychology has posed to morality beginning with Freud and extending to three consequential claims of the current literature on social psychology and cognitive science: the undermining of deliberative moral agency by intuitive or automatic processes; the post-hoc or rationalizing nature of moral reasoning; and the emphasis on psychological mechanisms of self-justification. A clear resonance between the challenge to rational agency in the history of literary studies and the claims of more recent forms of psychology is established, leading to

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Posner, Jerome B., Clifford B. Saper, Nicholas D. Schiff, and Jan Claassen. Plum and Posner's Diagnosis and Treatment of Stupor and Coma. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190208875.001.0001.

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This text is an update of a classic work on diagnosing the cause of coma, with the addition of new sections on the treatment of comatose patients. The first chapter provides an up-to-date review on the brain mechanisms that maintain a conscious state in humans and how lesions that damage these mechanisms cause loss of consciousness or coma. The second chapter reviews the neurological examination of the comatose patient, which provides the basis for determining whether the patient is suffering from a structural brain injury causing the coma or from a metabolic disorder of consciousness. The thi

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Candido, Kenneth D., Tatiana Tverdohleb, and Nebojsa Nick Knezevic. Postlaminectomy Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0024.

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Postlaminectomy syndrome is persistent or recurrent back pain after otherwise anatomically successful lumbar spine surgery. A dramatic increase in the number of low back surgeries has been observed since 1997, with an increased incidence of pain after low back surgery in the range of 5% to 74.6%. The mechanisms contributing to back pain are muscle damage during surgery, muscle spasm, and inflammation, with subsequent development of myofascial pain syndrome as well as other typical and atypical back pain generators. Diagnosis is based primarily on history and physical examination, as well as re

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Ocampo, José Antonio. A Brief History of the International Monetary System since Bretton Woods. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718116.003.0001.

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The 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, which created the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, was a major landmark in international cooperation. However, the Bretton Woods system came under increasing pressure in the 1960s due to the lack of a reliable adjustment mechanism to manage payment imbalances as well as the persistent asymmetries in the balance-of-payments pressures faced by surplus and deficit countries. In 1971 the system effectively collapsed when the US government suspended convertibility of dollars into gold for other central bank

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Kende, Mathias. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817611.003.0001.

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The Introduction contains an executive summary of the book. It also encompasses some background highlighting the rationale for the book, detailing the still persistent lack of comprehensive academic literature on the TPRM and the need for further research with regard to the TPRM, both as an ‘understudied’ WTO entity and as a prime example of a mechanism for peer review, and an explanation with regard to the methodology, which aims to assess the TPRM’s historic and actual performance as the WTO’s system for peer review through a specific focus (1) on the implementation of the TPRM’s objectives

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Ferguson, Robert, and Karen Gillock. Memory and Attention Adaptation Training. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521571.001.0001.

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Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) designed to help cancer survivors self-manage and mitigate the late and long-term effects of cancer and cancer therapy on memory function. Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a set of mild to moderate memory and attention impairments that can have an adverse influence on quality of life. CRCI symptoms tend to present during active treatment, but for some individuals cognitive changes can persist for years. While the exact prevalence of CRCI is unknown, review of the literature estimates that nearl

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Bebbington, Anthony, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, et al. Political Settlements, Natural Resource Extraction, and Inclusion in Bolivia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0003.

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Bolivia’s natural resources have served as a ‘mechanism of trade’ mobilized by competing interest groups to build coalitions, create political pacts, and negotiate political settlements in which dominant actors attempt to win over those resistant to a particular vision of development and/or governance. These pacts and settlements are revisited constantly, reflecting the weak and fragmented power of the central state and of the elite and persistent tensions between national and subnational elites. Ideas about, and modes of, natural resource governance have been central to periods of instability

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Zinnbauer, Dieter. Corporate Political Responsibility: Mobilizing the Private Sector for Political Integrity. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.15.

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How business acts in the political arena has a substantive, at times defining, impact on the integrity and fairness of policymaking and policy outcomes. Unfortunately, the conventional approach for regulating corporate conduct in this area faces a number of persistent challenges. A confluence of several important dynamics, however, offers the promise that responsible corporate political conduct can be encouraged and advanced from a very different vantage point—a new ecosystem for corporate political responsibility is in the making. This ecosystem comes with a new cast of actors, new soft and h

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Long COVID. Exon Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36255/long-covid.

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Long COVID is a condition where individuals experience persistent symptoms and health issues long after recovering from the acute phase of COVID-19. This article serves as a guide for the public, patients, and their loved ones to understand Long COVID. It is organized into key sections, beginning with an introduction to Long COVID and an explanation of who is at risk. It then explores the prevalence of Long COVID, providing statistics on how common the condition is. The signs and symptoms section details the wide range of symptoms that patients may experience. Diagnosis covers the methods used

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Books on the topic 'Mechanisms of persistence'

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