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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanismus synchronizace'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Sturm, Anja K., and Peter König. "Mechanisms to synchronize neuronal activity." Biological Cybernetics 84, no. 3 (2001): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220000209.

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2

Payton, Laura, and Damien Tran. "Moonlight cycles synchronize oyster behaviour." Biology Letters 15, no. 1 (2019): 20180299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0299.

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Organisms possess endogenous clock mechanisms that are synchronized to external cues and orchestrate biological rhythms. Internal timing confers the advantage of being able to anticipate environmental cycles inherent in life on Earth and to prepare accordingly. Moonlight-entrained rhythms are poorly described, being much less investigated than circadian and circannual rhythms synchronized by sunlight. Yet focus on these lunar rhythms is highly relevant to understanding temporal organization of biological processes. Here, we investigate moonlight cycle effects on valve activity behaviour of the

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Garrido-Charad, Florencia, Tomas Vega-Zuniga, Cristián Gutiérrez-Ibáñez, et al. "“Shepherd’s crook” neurons drive and synchronize the enhancing and suppressive mechanisms of the midbrain stimulus selection network." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 32 (2018): E7615—E7623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804517115.

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The optic tectum (TeO), or superior colliculus, is a multisensory midbrain center that organizes spatially orienting responses to relevant stimuli. To define the stimulus with the highest priority at each moment, a network of reciprocal connections between the TeO and the isthmi promotes competition between concurrent tectal inputs. In the avian midbrain, the neurons mediating enhancement and suppression of tectal inputs are located in separate isthmic nuclei, facilitating the analysis of the neural processes that mediate competition. A specific subset of radial neurons in the intermediate tec

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García-Bañuelos, Mónica L., Luz Vázquez-Moreno, Joy Winzerling, J. Antonio Orozco, and Alfonso A. Gardea. "WINTER METABOLISM IN DECIDUOUS TREES: MECHANISMS, GENES AND ASSOCIATED PROTEINS." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 31, no. 4 (2008): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2008.4.295.

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Plants vary greatly in their ability to survive cold temperatures; some may withstand extreme freezing conditions, while others will be irreversibly injured at temperatures above freezing. The maximum freezing tolerance of plants is induced in response to environmental signals. Temperate woody trees need to acclimate to survive the cold winter. Trees have evolved a complex dynamic process controlling the development of dormancy and cold hardiness that synchronize accurately the onset and termination of winter metabolism. Only recently has been obtained progress in elucidating the molecular mec

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Booth, Victoria, and Amitabha Bose. "Neural Mechanisms for Generating Rate and Temporal Codes in Model CA3 Pyramidal Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 6 (2001): 2432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2432.

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The effect of synaptic inhibition on burst firing of a two-compartment model of a CA3 pyramidal cell is considered. We show that, depending on its timing, a short dose of fast decaying synaptic inhibition can either delay or advance the timing of firing of subsequent bursts. Moreover, increasing the strength of the inhibitory input is shown to modulate the burst profile from a full complex burst, to a burst with multiple spikes, to single spikes. We additionally show how slowly decaying inhibitory input can be used to synchronize a network of pyramidal cells. Implications for the phase precess

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Moumdjian, Lousin, Bart Moens, Pieter-Jan Maes, et al. "Walking to Music and Metronome at Various Tempi in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Basis for Rehabilitation." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 33, no. 6 (2019): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968319847962.

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Background. Mobility dysfunctions are prevalent in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), thus novel rehabilitation mechanisms are needed toward functional training. The effect of auditory cueing is well-known in Parkinson’s disease, yet the application of different types of auditory stimuli at different tempi has not been investigated yet. Objectives. Investigating if PwMS, compared with healthy controls (HC), can synchronize their gait to music and metronomes at different tempi during walking and the effects of the stimuli on perceived fatigue and gait. Additionally, exploring if cognitive

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Putrya, F. M., and I. A. Medvedev. "Analysis of mechanisms to synchronize the streams for on-crystal systems with a large number of computational cores." Russian Microelectronics 41, no. 7 (2012): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063739712070219.

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8

Zhang, Liping, Lixin Wu, and Bolan Gan. "Modes and Mechanisms of Global Water Vapor Variability over the Twentieth Century." Journal of Climate 26, no. 15 (2013): 5578–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00585.1.

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Abstract The modes and mechanisms of the annual water vapor variations over the twentieth century are investigated based on a newly developed twentieth-century atmospheric reanalysis product. It is found that the leading modes of global water vapor variations over the twentieth century are controlled by global warming, the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and ENSO. On the global scale, the variations in water vapor synchronize with the sea surface temperature, which can be explained by the simple thermal Clausius–Clapeyron theory under conditions of constant relative humidity. However,

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Dong, Yi-Hu, Lian-Hui Wang, and Lian-Hui Zhang. "Quorum-quenching microbial infections: mechanisms and implications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1483 (2007): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2045.

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The discovery of antibiotics early in the past century marked the beginning of active control and prevention of infectious microbial diseases. However, extensive use of antibiotics has also unavoidably resulted in the emergence of ‘superbugs’ that resist conventional antibiotics. The finding that many pathogens rely on cell-to-cell communication mechanisms, known as quorum sensing, to synchronize microbial activities essential for infection and survival in the host suggests a promising disease control strategy, i.e. quenching microbial quorum sensing or in short, quorum quenching. Work over th

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LIXA, CAROLINA, AMANDA MUJO, CRISTIANE D. ANOBOM, and ANDERSON S. PINHEIRO. "A structural perspective on the mechanisms of quorum sensing activation in bacteria." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 4 (2015): 2189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140482.

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Bacteria are able to synchronize the population behavior in order to regulate gene expression through a cell-to-cell communication mechanism called quorum sensing. This phenomenon involves the production, detection and the response to extracellular signaling molecules named autoinducers, which directly or indirectly regulate gene expression in a cell density-dependent manner. Quorum sensing may control a wide range of biological processes in bacteria, such as bioluminescence, virulence factor production, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. The autoinducers are recognized by specific r

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11

Kinoshita, Atsuko, and René Richter. "Genetic and molecular basis of floral induction in Arabidopsis thaliana." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 9 (2020): 2490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa057.

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Abstract Many plants synchronize their life cycles in response to changing seasons and initiate flowering under favourable environmental conditions to ensure reproductive success. To confer a robust seasonal response, plants use diverse genetic programmes that integrate environmental and endogenous cues and converge on central floral regulatory hubs. Technological advances have allowed us to understand these complex processes more completely. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms that control flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Romero-Martínez, Ángel, Alejandro Rodríguez, and Luis Moya-Albiol. "Is It Easy to Synchronize Our Minds When We Are Forced to Cooperate?" Brain Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100282.

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There is increasing scientific interest in elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying cooperative behaviors. Humans have developed a high degree of complexity in their cooperativity, which has been defined as hyper-cooperativity. An interesting biological marker to study how two individuals are emotionally linked when they cooperate is their psychophysiological synchronization (the overlapping of signals as indicators of Autonomous Nervous System activation). Hence, the main aim of this study was to explore participants’ psychophysiological synchronization, based on electrocardiograms (E

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Chen, Xiangyong, Jinde Cao, Ju H. Park, Guangdeng Zong, and Jianlong Qiu. "Finite-time complex function synchronization of multiple complex-variable chaotic systems with network transmission and combination mode." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 22 (2018): 5461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318755168.

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Two kinds of finite-time complex function synchronization for multiple complex-variable chaotic systems are investigated. Both the transmission mode and combination mode are respectively considered. By considering complex functions as the scaling factors, the definitions of the two different synchronization mechanisms are established, and the appropriate schemes are proposed to guarantee the finite-time stability of all error systems. Furthermore, two verifiable criteria are derived to synchronize multi-systems. Finally, detailed simulation analysis is provided to validate the effectiveness of

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Cao, D., G. Lin, E. M. Westphale, E. C. Beyer, and T. H. Steinberg. "Mechanisms for the coordination of intercellular calcium signaling in insulin-secreting cells." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 4 (1997): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.4.497.

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Insulin-mediated increases in cytosolic calcium are synchronized among the cells in a pancreatic islet, and result in pulsatile secretion of insulin. Pancreatic beta cells express the gap junction protein connexin43 and are functionally coupled, making gap junctional communication a likely mechanism for the synchronization of calcium transients among islet cells. To define the mechanism by which pancreatic islet cells coordinate calcium responses, we studied mechanically-induced intercellular calcium waves in the communication-deficient rat insulinoma cell line RINm5f, and in RINm5f cells tran

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Marin, O. "CS06-01 - New insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73490-3.

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Growing evidence suggest that disruption of cortical interneuron function is common to several psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia. Cortical interneurons play major roles in the function of the cerebral cortex. Through mostly inhibitory mechanisms, interneurons regulate the activity of pyramidal cells, prevent hyperexcitability, and synchronize the rhythmic output of cortical activity. In particular, the function of some classes of interneurons has been shown to be crucial for the generation and maintenance of gamma rhythms, a pattern of brain waves that is associated with perception

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Kannape, O. A., and O. Blanke. "Self in motion: sensorimotor and cognitive mechanisms in gait agency." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 8 (2013): 1837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01042.2012.

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Acting in our environment and experiencing ourselves as conscious agents are fundamental aspects of human selfhood. While large advances have been made with respect to understanding human sensorimotor control from an engineering approach, knowledge about its interaction with cognition and the conscious experience of movement (agency) is still sparse, especially for locomotion. We investigated these relationships by using life-size visual feedback of participants' ongoing locomotion, thereby extending agency research previously limited to goal-directed upper limb movements to continuous movemen

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Haynes, Kyle J., Ottar N. Bjørnstad, Andrew J. Allstadt, and Andrew M. Liebhold. "Geographical variation in the spatial synchrony of a forest-defoliating insect: isolation of environmental and spatial drivers." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1753 (2013): 20122373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2373.

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Despite the pervasiveness of spatial synchrony of population fluctuations in virtually every taxon, it remains difficult to disentangle its underlying mechanisms, such as environmental perturbations and dispersal. We used multiple regression of distance matrices (MRMs) to statistically partition the importance of several factors potentially synchronizing the dynamics of the gypsy moth, an invasive species in North America, exhibiting outbreaks that are partially synchronized over long distances (approx. 900 km). The factors considered in the MRM were synchrony in weather conditions, spatial pr

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Stetsenko, A. V., and V. B. Uvarov. "Using the Mechanisms of the Paris Climate Agreement for Conservation and Reforestation in the Russian Federation ." Federalism, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2020-4-141-156.

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The problem of climate change is a global challenge of the XXI century for all mankind. However, despite the adoption of the Paris climate agreement, which is designed to synchronize the actions of various countries, individual countries or groups of countries are taking the path of obtaining unilateral preferences under the pretext of fulfilling the obligations stipulated in the agreement. The article analyzes the challenges and risks that Russia may face in the absence of its own greenhouse gas regulation systems against the background of the declared and implemented in a number of countries

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Schneider, Nils-Lasse, and Monika Stengl. "Gap Junctions Between Accessory Medulla Neurons Appear to Synchronize Circadian Clock Cells of the Cockroach Leucophaea maderae." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 3 (2006): 1996–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00835.2005.

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The temporal organization of physiological and behavioral states is controlled by circadian clocks in apparently all eukaryotic organisms. In the cockroach Leucophaea maderae lesion and transplantation studies located the circadian pacemaker in the accessory medulla (AMe). The AMe is densely innervated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–immunoreactive and peptidergic neurons, among them the pigment-dispersing factor immunoreactive circadian pacemaker candidates. The large majority of cells of the cockroach AMe spike regularly and synchronously in the gamma frequency range of 25–70 Hz as a result of

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Wang, Yiru, Pengda Si, Zeyang Lei, and Yujiu Yang. "Topic Enhanced Controllable CVAE for Dialogue Generation (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 10 (2020): 13955–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i10.7250.

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Neural generation models have shown great potential in conversation generation recently. However, these methods tend to generate uninformative or irrelevant responses. In this paper, we present a novel topic-enhanced controllable CVAE (TEC-CVAE) model to address this issue. On the one hand, the model learns the context-interactive topic knowledge through a novel multi-hop hybrid attention in the encoder. On the other hand, we design a topic-aware controllable decoder to constrain the expression of the stochastic latent variable in the CVAE to reduce irrelevant responses. Experimental results o

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Vadnie, Chelsea A., and Colleen A. McClung. "Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Mood Disorders: Insights into the Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1504507.

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Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus, orchestrates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The SCN consists of self-sustaining oscillators and receives photic and nonphotic cues, which entrain the SCN to the external environment. In turn, through synaptic and hormonal mechanisms, the SCN can drive and synchronize circadian rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues. Thus, genetic or environmental perturbations of SCN rhythms could disru

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Hut, R. A., and D. G. M. Beersma. "Evolution of time-keeping mechanisms: early emergence and adaptation to photoperiod." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1574 (2011): 2141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0409.

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Virtually all species have developed cellular oscillations and mechanisms that synchronize these cellular oscillations to environmental cycles. Such environmental cycles in biotic (e.g. food availability and predation risk) or abiotic (e.g. temperature and light) factors may occur on a daily, annual or tidal time scale. Internal timing mechanisms may facilitate behavioural or physiological adaptation to such changes in environmental conditions. These timing mechanisms commonly involve an internal molecular oscillator (a ‘clock’) that is synchronized (‘entrained’) to the environmental cycle by

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DOROJEVETS, MIKHAIL. "COOL MULTITHREADING IN HTMT SPELL-1 PROCESSORS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 10, no. 01 (2000): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156400000283.

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A COOL-1 multiprocessor shared memory system based on superconductor Rapid Single-Flux Quantum (RSFQ) technology is being developed at SUNY (Stony Brook, USA) within the framework of the Hybrid Technology Multithreaded architecture (HTMT) petaflops project led by JPL. This paper describes a multithreading approach proposed in the COOL-I architecture and mechanisms to exploit the thread level parallelism in RSFQ processors called SPELL-1. Up to 128 fine-grain threads called (instruction) streams arranged in 16 groups of 8 streams each can run in parallel within a SPELL-1 processor. All eight st

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Greenfield, Michael D., Ikkyu Aihara, Guy Amichay, Marianna Anichini, and Vivek Nityananda. "Rhythm interaction in animal groups: selective attention in communication networks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1835 (2021): 20200338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0338.

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Animals communicating interactively with conspecifics often time their broadcasts to avoid overlapping interference, to emit leading, as opposed to following, signals or to synchronize their signalling rhythms. Each of these adjustments becomes more difficult as the number of interactants increases beyond a pair. Among acoustic species, insects and anurans generally deal with the problem of group signalling by means of ‘selective attention’ in which they focus on several close or conspicuous neighbours and ignore the rest. In these animals, where signalling and receiving are often dictated by

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Marsh, Donald J., Dmitry D. Postnov, Olga V. Sosnovtseva, and Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou. "The nephron-arterial network and its interactions." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 316, no. 5 (2019): F769—F784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00484.2018.

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Tubuloglomerular feedback and the myogenic mechanism form an ensemble in renal afferent arterioles that regulate single-nephron blood flow and glomerular filtration. Each mechanism generates a self-sustained oscillation, the mechanisms interact, and the oscillations synchronize. The synchronization generates a bimodal electrical signal in the arteriolar wall that propagates retrograde to a vascular node, where it meets similar electrical signals from other nephrons. Each signal carries information about the time-dependent behavior of the regulatory ensemble. The converging signals support sync

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Tomassini, Alice, and Alessandro D’Ausilio. "Passive sensorimotor stimulation triggers long lasting alpha-band fluctuations in visual perception." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 2 (2018): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00496.2017.

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Movement planning and execution rely on the anticipation and online control of the incoming sensory input. Evidence suggests that sensorimotor processes may synchronize visual rhythmic activity in preparation of action performance. Indeed, we recently reported periodic fluctuations of visual contrast sensitivity that are time-locked to the onset of an intended movement of the arm. However, the origin of the observed visual modulations has so far remained unclear because of the endogenous (and thus temporally undetermined) activation of the sensorimotor system that is associated with voluntary

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MARDARE, RADU, MATTEO CAVALIERE, and SEAN SEDWARDS. "A LOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ROBUSTNESS, MUTANTS AND SPECIES IN COLONIES OF AGENTS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 19, no. 05 (2008): 1199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054108006236.

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We study a modelling framework and computational paradigm called Colonies of Synchronizing Agents (CSAs), which abstracts intracellular and intercellular mechanisms of biological tissues. The model is based on a multiset of agents (cells) in a common environment (a tissue). Each agent has a local contents, stored in the form of a multiset of atomic objects (e.g., representing molecules), updated by multiset rewriting rules which may act on individual agents (intracellular action) or synchronize the contents of pairs of agents (intercellular action). In this paper we investigate dynamic propert

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Marsh, Donald J., Ildiko Toma, Olga V. Sosnovtseva, Janos Peti-Peterdi, and Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou. "Electrotonic vascular signal conduction and nephron synchronization." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 296, no. 4 (2009): F751—F761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90669.2008.

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Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and the myogenic mechanism control afferent arteriolar diameter in each nephron and regulate blood flow. Both mechanisms generate self-sustained oscillations, the oscillations interact, TGF modulates the frequency and amplitude of the myogenic oscillation, and the oscillations synchronize; a 5:1 frequency ratio is the most frequent. TGF oscillations synchronize in nephron pairs supplied from a common cortical radial artery, as do myogenic oscillations. We propose that electrotonic vascular signal propagation from one juxtaglomerular apparatus interacts with simi

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Yang, Jenq-Wei, Vicente Reyes-Puerta, Werner Kilb, and Heiko J. Luhmann. "Spindle Bursts in Neonatal Rat Cerebral Cortex." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3467832.

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Spontaneous and sensory evoked spindle bursts represent a functional hallmark of the developing cerebral cortex in vitro and in vivo. They have been observed in various neocortical areas of numerous species, including newborn rodents and preterm human infants. Spindle bursts are generated in complex neocortical-subcortical circuits involving in many cases the participation of motor brain regions. Together with early gamma oscillations, spindle bursts synchronize the activity of a local neuronal network organized in a cortical column. Disturbances in spindle burst activity during corticogenesis

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Shakhmantsir, Iryna, and Amita Sehgal. "Splicing the Clock to Maintain and Entrain Circadian Rhythms." Journal of Biological Rhythms 34, no. 6 (2019): 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419868136.

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Circadian clocks drive daily rhythms of physiology and behavior in multiple organisms and synchronize these rhythms to environmental cycles of light and temperature. The basic mechanism of the clock consists of a transcription-translation feedback loop, in which key clock proteins negatively regulate their own transcription. Although much of the focus with respect to clock mechanisms has been on the regulation of transcription and on the stability and activity of clock proteins, it is clear that other regulatory processes also have to be involved to explain aspects of clock function. Here, we

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O'Neill, John S., and Akhilesh B. Reddy. "The essential role of cAMP/Ca2+ signalling in mammalian circadian timekeeping." Biochemical Society Transactions 40, no. 1 (2012): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110691.

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Approximately daily, or circadian, rhythms are ubiquitous across eukaryotes. They are manifest in the temporal co-ordination of metabolism, physiology and behaviour, thereby allowing organisms to anticipate and synchronize with daily environmental cycles. Although cellular rhythms are self-sustained and cell-intrinsic, in mammals, the master regulator of timekeeping is localized within the hypothalamic SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus). Molecular models for mammalian circadian rhythms have focused largely on transcriptional–translational feedback loops, but recent data have revealed essential cont

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van der Schalie, Ellena A., Francesca E. Conte, Karla E. Marz, and Carla B. Green. "Structure/Function Analysis of Xenopus Cryptochromes 1 and 2 Reveals Differential Nuclear Localization Mechanisms and Functional Domains Important forInteraction with and Repression of CLOCK-BMAL1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 6 (2007): 2120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01638-06.

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ABSTRACT Circadian rhythms control the temporal arrangement of molecular, physiological, and behavioral processes within an organism and also synchronize these processes with the external environment. A cell autonomous molecular oscillator, consisting of interlocking transcriptional/translational feedback loops, drives the approximately 24-hour duration of these rhythms. The cryptochrome protein (CRY) plays a central part in the negative feedback loop of the molecular clock by translocating to the nucleus and repressing CLOCK and BMAL1, two transcription factors that comprise the positive elem

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Lade, Harshad, Diby Paul, and Ji Hyang Kweon. "N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Quorum Sensing with Special Reference to Use of Quorum Quenching Bacteria in Membrane Biofouling Control." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/162584.

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Membrane biofouling remains a severe problem to be addressed in wastewater treatment systems affecting reactor performance and economy. The finding that many wastewater bacteria rely onN-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing to synchronize their activities essential for biofilm formations; the quenching bacterial quorum sensing suggests a promising approach for control of membrane biofouling. A variety of quorum quenching compounds of both synthetic and natural origin have been identified and found effective in inhibition of membrane biofouling with much less environmental impact tha

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Silva, Marta A., and Carlos A. Salgueiro. "Multistep Signaling in Nature: A Close-Up of Geobacter Chemotaxis Sensing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 9034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169034.

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Environmental changes trigger the continuous adaptation of bacteria to ensure their survival. This is possible through a variety of signal transduction pathways involving chemoreceptors known as methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) that allow the microorganisms to redirect their mobility towards favorable environments. MCP are two-component regulatory (or signal transduction) systems (TCS) formed by a sensor and a response regulator domain. These domains synchronize transient protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events to convert the stimuli into an appropriate cellular response

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Zhang, Xinlei, Takashi Miyaki, and Jun Rekimoto. "JustSpeak: Automated, User-Configurable, Interactive Agents for Speech Tutoring." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, EICS (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459744.

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Conversational agents are widely used in many situations, especially for speech tutoring. However, their contents and functions are often pre-defined and not customizable for people without technical backgrounds, thus significantly limiting their flexibility and usability. Besides, conventional agents often cannot provide feedback in the middle of training sessions because they lack technical approaches to evaluate users' speech dynamically. We propose JustSpeak: automated and interactive speech tutoring agents with various configurable feedback mechanisms, using any speech recordings with its

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Lopez-Minguez, Jesus, Purificación Gómez-Abellán, and Marta Garaulet. "Timing of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner. Effects on Obesity and Metabolic Risk." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (2019): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112624.

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(1) Background: Eating is fundamental to survival. Animals choose when to eat depending on food availability. The timing of eating can synchronize different organs and tissues that are related to food digestion, absorption, or metabolism, such as the stomach, gut, liver, pancreas, or adipose tissue. Studies performed in experimental animal models suggest that food intake is a major external synchronizer of peripheral clocks. Therefore, the timing of eating may be decisive in fat accumulation and mobilization and affect the effectiveness of weight loss treatments. (2) Results: We will review mu

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Chang, Chih-Tsan, Cheng-Yu Tsai, Hung-Hsu Tsai, Yuen-Ju Li, and Pao-Ta Yu. "An Online Multi-User Real-Time Seamless Co-Reading System for Collaborative Group Learning." International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 18, no. 4 (2020): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2020100104.

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This paper proposes an online multi-user real-time co-reading (OMURCOR) system to promote the performance of co-reading with collaborative learning. The OMURCOR system utilizes WebSocket to perform synchronization controls on co-reading to allow teachers and students to watch streaming videos together with less delay. Moreover, teachers utilize the system to synchronize control operations of videos on the student site, and the OMURCOR system can be integrated into a learning management system to strengthen students' interaction through co-reading. Unlike traditional platforms, the system suppo

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Reimbayev, Reimbay, Kevin Daley, and Igor Belykh. "When two wrongs make a right: synchronized neuronal bursting from combined electrical and inhibitory coupling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2096 (2017): 20160282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0282.

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Synchronized cortical activities in the central nervous systems of mammals are crucial for sensory perception, coordination and locomotory function. The neuronal mechanisms that generate synchronous synaptic inputs in the neocortex are far from being fully understood. In this paper, we study the emergence of synchronization in networks of bursting neurons as a highly non-trivial, combined effect of electrical and inhibitory connections. We report a counterintuitive find that combined electrical and inhibitory coupling can synergistically induce robust synchronization in a range of parameters w

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Mossbridge, Julia, Jacob Zweig, Marcia Grabowecky, and Satoru Suzuki. "An Association between Auditory–Visual Synchrony Processing and Reading Comprehension: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 3 (2017): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01052.

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The perceptual system integrates synchronized auditory–visual signals in part to promote individuation of objects in cluttered environments. The processing of auditory–visual synchrony may more generally contribute to cognition by synchronizing internally generated multimodal signals. Reading is a prime example because the ability to synchronize internal phonological and/or lexical processing with visual orthographic processing may facilitate encoding of words and meanings. Consistent with this possibility, developmental and clinical research has suggested a link between reading performance an

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Stojanovic, Djordje. "The promise of performative: Relational, genetic and scripted models in architectural design." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (2013): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1301047s.

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This paper investigates the role of performative models within the context of architectural design. Understanding the performances of the built environment can be postulated in rather different manners. It is commonly expected that the built environment complies with the diverse and changing requirements of its users. It is equally required that buildings are economically constructed, easily maintained, energy efficient, safe and aesthetically pleasing. Yet, such expectations are complex and consist of a great number of intertwined effects that are not easy to synchronize during architectural

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Tsuchiya, Ryoma, Aino Kaneshima, Masakazu Kobayashi, et al. "Maternal GABAergic and GnRH/corazonin pathway modulates egg diapause phenotype of the silkwormBombyx mori." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (2020): e2020028118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020028118.

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Diapause represents a major developmental switch in insects and is a seasonal adaptation that evolved as a specific subtype of dormancy in most insect species to ensure survival under unfavorable environmental conditions and synchronize populations. However, the hierarchical relationship of the molecular mechanisms involved in the perception of environmental signals to integration in morphological, physiological, behavioral, and reproductive responses remains unclear. In the bivoltine strain of the silkwormBombyx mori, embryonic diapause is induced transgenerationally as a maternal effect. Pro

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Hudec, Michael, Pavlina Dankova, Roman Solc, Nardjas Bettazova, and Marie Cerna. "Epigenetic Regulation of Circadian Rhythm and Its Possible Role in Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (2020): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083005.

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This review aims to summarize the knowledge about the relationship between circadian rhythms and their influence on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Circadian rhythms are controlled by internal molecular feedback loops that synchronize the organism with the external environment. These loops are affected by genetic and epigenetic factors. Genetic factors include polymorphisms and mutations of circadian genes. The expression of circadian genes is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that change from prenatal development to old age. Epigenetic modifications

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Georgiou, Theodoros, Simon Holland, and Janet van der Linden. "Rhythmic Haptic Cueing for Gait Rehabilitation of People With Hemiparesis: Quantitative Gait Study." JMIR Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (2020): e18649. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18649.

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Background Rhythm, brain, and body are closely linked. Humans can synchronize their movement to auditory rhythms in ways that can improve the regularity of movement while reducing perceived effort. However, the ability to perform rhythmic movement may be disrupted by various neurological conditions. Many such conditions impair mechanisms that control movement, such as gait, but typically without rhythmic perception being affected. This paper focuses on hemiparetic stroke, a neurological condition that affects one side of the body. Hemiparetic stroke can cause severe asymmetries in gait, leadin

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Chalmers, Jennifer A., Tami A. Martino, Nazneen Tata, Martin R. Ralph, Michael J. Sole, and Denise D. Belsham. "Vascular circadian rhythms in a mouse vascular smooth muscle cell line (Movas-1)." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 295, no. 5 (2008): R1529—R1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90572.2008.

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The circadian system in mammals is a hierarchy of oscillators throughout the organism that are coordinated by the circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. Peripheral clocks act to integrate time-of-day information from neural or hormonal signals, regulating gene expression, and, subsequently, organ physiology. However, the mechanisms by which the central clock communicates with peripheral oscillators are not understood and are likely tissue specific. In this study, we establish a mouse vascular cell model suitable for investigations of these mechanisms at a molecular level.

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Watts, Margaret, Joon Ha, Ofer Kimchi та Arthur Sherman. "Paracrine regulation of glucagon secretion: the β/α/δ model". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 310, № 8 (2016): E597—E611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00415.2015.

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The regulation of glucagon secretion in the pancreatic α-cell is not well understood. It has been proposed that glucose suppresses glucagon secretion either directly through an intrinsic mechanism within the α-cell or indirectly through an extrinsic mechanism. Previously, we described a mathematical model for isolated pancreatic α-cells and used it to investigate possible intrinsic mechanisms of regulating glucagon secretion. We demonstrated that glucose can suppress glucagon secretion through both ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP) and a store-operated current (SOC). We have now develope

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Nozaradan, Sylvie. "Exploring how musical rhythm entrains brain activity with electroencephalogram frequency-tagging." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1658 (2014): 20130393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0393.

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The ability to perceive a regular beat in music and synchronize to this beat is a widespread human skill. Fundamental to musical behaviour, beat and meter refer to the perception of periodicities while listening to musical rhythms and often involve spontaneous entrainment to move on these periodicities. Here, we present a novel experimental approach inspired by the frequency-tagging approach to understand the perception and production of rhythmic inputs. This approach is illustrated here by recording the human electroencephalogram responses at beat and meter frequencies elicited in various con

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Guo, Hanliang, Lisa Fauci, Michael Shelley, and Eva Kanso. "Bistability in the synchronization of actuated microfilaments." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 836 (December 11, 2017): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.816.

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Cilia and flagella are essential building blocks for biological fluid transport and locomotion at the micrometre scale. They often beat in synchrony and may transition between different synchronization modes in the same cell type. Here, we investigate the behaviour of elastic microfilaments, protruding from a surface and driven at their base by a configuration-dependent torque. We consider full hydrodynamic interactions among and within filaments and no slip at the surface. Isolated filaments exhibit periodic deformations, with increasing waviness and frequency as the magnitude of the driving

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Massad, Naji, and Jørgen Andersen. "Three Different Ways Synchronization Can Cause Contagion in Financial Markets." Risks 6, no. 4 (2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6040104.

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We introduce tools to capture the dynamics of three different pathways, in which the synchronization of human decision-making could lead to turbulent periods and contagion phenomena in financial markets. The first pathway is caused when stock market indices, seen as a set of coupled integrate-and-fire oscillators, synchronize in frequency. The integrate-and-fire dynamics happens due to “change blindness”, a trait in human decision-making where people have the tendency to ignore small changes, but take action when a large change happens. The second pathway happens due to feedback mechanisms bet

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Pépin, Dominique, Christophe Abegg, and Cécile Richard. "Diurnal activity patterns within female herds of isard around parturition time." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 3 (1991): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-112.

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We compared diurnal activity patterns of isards (Rupicapra pyrenaica) within female herds around the time of parturition in a Pyrenean reserve. From mid-April to mid-May, i.e., at the end of the gestation period, adult females spent significantly more time foraging (76 vs. 65%) and less time resting than yearlings did. From mid-June to mid-July, after the birth of kids, adult females and yearlings had exactly the same time budget (62% for foraging) and the same activity pattern, with a well-marked resting phase at midday. Analysis of data at 15-min intervals indicated synchronism in activity w

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Gvirts, Hila Z., and Rotem Perlmutter. "What Guides Us to Neurally and Behaviorally Align With Anyone Specific? A Neurobiological Model Based on fNIRS Hyperscanning Studies." Neuroscientist 26, no. 2 (2019): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858419861912.

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An emerging body of hyperscanning functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) research shows interbrain neural synchrony (IBS) during different forms of social interaction. Here we review the recent literature and propose several factors that facilitate IBS, leading us to ask the following question: In a world full of people and opportunities to synchronize with them, what directs our neural and behavioral alignment with anyone specific? We suggest that IBS between what we deem the “mutual social attention systems” of interacting partners—that is, the coupling between participants’ temporopa

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