Books on the topic 'MED 444'

The interviews and audio recordings comprised in this volume are the outcome of a field research to Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh which took place in October-November 1985 for the preparation of the Author’s BA thesis on the life and teachings of the Indian saint Sai Baba of Shirdi (d. 1918), discussed at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice in June 1987 (Un maestro dell’India moderna: il Sāī Bābā di Śirḍī. L’uomo, l’ambiente, gli insegnamenti). The conversations of each day are preceded by excerpts from the Authorʼs diary. These testimonies record the words of various people in the village of Shirdi and other locales, among whom are the last old men who knew Sai Baba: Balaji Pilaji Gurav, Bappaji Lakshman Ratna Parke, Martanda Mhalsapati, Pandharinath Bhagavant Gonkar, Tukaram Raghujiv Borawke, and Uddhavrao Madhavrao Deshpande. While in Shirdi the Author was also able to interview Uttamrao Patil, son of Tatya Kote Patil, and in Mumbai he had the privilege of meeting Swami Ram Baba, who first met the saint in 1914. Taken altogether, these conversations are primary sources for the study of Sai Baba and may help to contextualize Shirdi as a pilgrimage place in the mid-1980s.

The cardiac conduction system 478Bradycardia: general approach 480Sinus bradycardia 482Sinus pause 482Sick sinus syndrome 482Atrioventricular block 483Bundle branch block 484Tachycardia: general approach 486Tachycardia: emergency management 488Tachyarrhythmias: classification 490ECG diagnosis of tachyarrhythmias 492Supraventricular tachycardia 494...

A coleção “Que Medo Bobo” conta com oito livros ilustrados sobre a medrosa Olívia. A cada história, Olívia enfrenta um desafio infantil, que se materializa em uma Bruxa que tenta desencorajá-la. Entretanto, ela é uma menina corajosa e sempre enfrenta seus medos. Assim, consegue descobrir que toda situação tem seu lado positivo. Inspirado na obra chapeuzinho amarelo do chico Buarque.

Voltage sensitive dye imaging (VSD) can be used to record neural activity in hundreds of locations in preparations ranging from mammalian cortex to invertebrate ganglia. Because fast VSDs respond to membrane potential changes with microsecond temporal resolution, these are better suited than calcium indicators for recording rapid neural signals. Here we describe methods for using a 464- element photodiode array and fast VSDs to record signals ranging from large scale network activity in brain slices and in vivo mammalian preparations, to action potentials in over 100 individual neurons in invertebrate ganglia.

Učno gradivo lzpitna vprašanja iz ginekologije in perinatologije je prvo tovrstno gradivo v Sloveniji, v katerem so sistematsko zbrana vprašanja z odgovori, ki se uporabljajo pri izpitu iz ginekologije in porodništva na dodiplomskem študiju medicine. Učno gradivo je delo 23 avtorjev, specializantov ginekologije in porodnistva. Uredili so ga štirje uredniki, v njem pa je zbranih 3520 vprašanj z vseh področij ginekologije, porodništva in neonatologije, zbranih v 88 poglavjih. Med odgovori na vprašanja je pravilen le en najustreznješi odgovor (ang. single best answer - SBA). Gre za obliko preverjanja znanja, pri kateri se kandidatu zastavi vprašanje z nekaj možnimi odgovori, med katerimi je samo eden najbolj pravilen. Vprašanja in odgovori bodo lahko služili tudi za preverjanje znanja študentov drugih strok, kot so zdravstvena nega, fizioterapija in podobno, dobrodošla pa bodo tudi specializantom ginekologije in porodništva za preverjanje znanja v času priprave na specialistični izpit.

The anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders are, together, the most common class of mental disorders. From a systematic review of prevalence studies across 44 countries, the global current prevalence for the DSM IV anxiety disorders was estimated at 7.3% (95% CI 4.8%–10.9%), suggesting that one in 14 people around the world at any given time has an anxiety disorder. Women are approximately twice as likely as men to have an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a substantial contributor to the heavy burden of disease conveyed by mental and substance use disorders worldwide, where they are second only to depressive disorders in years-lost-to-disabilility.

Screening for a disease must be clearly defined and differentiated from early detection. ‘Screening’ refers to the application of tests to the whole population or to defined segments such as males within certain defined high risk age groups. If applied in such a fashion ‘screening’ for prostate cancer may also be described epidemiologically as ‘secondary prevention’. While high-quality randomized studies show that screening reduces prostate cancer mortality by 21–44%, there is wide agreement that the introduction of population-based screening is at present premature because harms, mainly the high rate of overdiagnosis seen currently outweighs the benefits. This chapter attempts to put current knowledge into perspective with a set of recognized prerequirements for the application of screening, established by Wilson and Jungner in 1968.

Over 270,000 patients worldwide are diagnosed with renal cancer every year. It is the most lethal of all urological malignancies, with 33–44% of patients dying as a result of the disease. The past three decades has seen the incidence of renal cancer increasing by approximately 2% per year. This increased incidence has predominantly been within localized tumours, detected incidentally due to the increased use of cross-sectional imaging in medical practice. Despite an increase in the number of patients undergoing surgery for renal cancer, mortality rates have continued to rise. There is some evidence to suggest this may be a consequence of the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of small renal masses. At present, there is no justification for national screening programmes for renal cancer.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is caused by compression of the tibial nerve and its branches within the tarsal tunnel at the ankle. The diagnosis of TTS is often made clinically, but imaging and electrodiagnostic studies should be considered when the diagnosis cannot be ascertained from the clinical history and physical examination. Surgical decompression of the tarsal tunnels should be pursued only after conservative measures have failed or when a space-occupying lesion or point of tibial nerve compression has been identified. Surgical intervention requires complete release of the flexor retinaculum at the medial ankle, as well as release of the three distinct tunnels enveloping the medial and lateral plantar nerves and the calcaneal branch. Success rates for tibial nerve decompression vary widely in the literature, ranging from 44% to 96%.

Trauma remains the most common cause of death for all individuals between the ages of 1 and 44 years, and is the third most common cause of death regardless of age. It is also the leading cause of years of productive life lost. However, death rate underestimates the magnitude of the societal toll. Organized trauma systems have improved mortality by providing timely and expert care to severely-injured patients. Patient management consists of rapid primary survey, which should focus on the identification and simultaneous treatment of immediately life-threatening injuries. A classical ABC (airway, breathing, circulation) approach is recommended and is best carried out by a trained and practiced trauma team. The primary survey is followed by a more detailed examination, the secondary survey, which consists of a head-to-toe examination to identify all specific injuries. The secondary survey should be followed by investigation and definitive care.

Young women who suffer from stroke face multiple challenges regarding child rearing, future pregnancies, and ability to return to work or education. Women in general have a higher lifetime risk of stroke than men (1 in 5 vs 1 in 6), which is partly explained by longer life expectancy in the female population. The incidence of ischaemic stroke in non-pregnant women aged 15–44 years has been around 5 per 100,000 women-years. Women have lower stroke mortality than men except in the older age groups. Women have unique stroke risk factors such as oral contraception, pregnancy, puerperium, and menopausal hormone therapy. It remains unresolved why oestrogen, thought to be neuroprotective, actually can turn out to be harmful in regard to stroke risk. A number of major stroke risk factors such as hypertension, migraine with aura, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and atrial fibrillation are more common in women than men.

Charles Hallpike decided that greater precision could be obtained with the caloric test by measurement of one or more attributes of the responses to some suitably graded stimulus. He chose to measure the duration of induced nystagmus. Hallpike chose water at 30°C and 44°C (7°C below and above body temperature, respectively) and allowed it to flow for 40 seconds. These temperatures were generally well tolerated, and the comparatively large quantity of water and rapid flow minimized errors due to misdirecting the stream within the ear canal. A simple chart was used to summarize the results of the bithermal caloric test. The chart consisted of two continuous lines, each representing a total of a 3-minute period, subdivided into 10-second intervals. Hallpike conducted a series of experiments on the phenomenon of directional preponderance with caloric testing and emphasized the importance of vestibular tonus originating from the inner ear receptors.

Haemodialysis is a renal replacement treatment, an ‘artificial kidney’ that performs some of the functions of the normal kidney. It is an inelegant device, providing only a fraction of native kidney’s ability to filter toxins from the blood, but with none of the responsiveness to volume, fine feedback control to regulate solute concentrations, or endocrine functions of the healthy organ. Conventional haemodialysis performed three times a week for 4 hours per treatment filters the blood for only 12 of 168 hours each week, and removes less than 10 per cent of small solutes like urea than does the normal kidney. It is therefore not surprising that haemodialysis patients suffer high morbidity and mortality. A dialysis patient’s expected remaining lifetime is substantially shorter than a comparable person with normal kidney function. For example, a woman aged 40–44 years old in the general population can expect on average 40 more years of life, but if she is on dialysis her life expectancy is only 8.1 years. She is also more likely to have co-morbid disease, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic bone disease, anaemia, sepsis, depression, malnutrition and inflammation, and physical and cognitive impairment.

Durante el año 2013, las exportaciones del país acumularon envíos por US$ 76.684 millones, cifra menor en un 1% en relación a lo exportado el año 2012, lo que significa embarques menores en US$ 1.281 millones. De este total, las exportaciones mineras contribuyeron con el 57% de lo exportado por Chile, mientras que el Sector Forestal representa el 7,5% del total nacional, porcentaje superior en 0,6 puntos al registrado el año 2012. Las exportaciones forestales chilenas durante el año 2013 totalizaron un monto de US$ 5.714 millones, con un aumento de US$ 324,7 millones, que en términos relativos representó un incremento de 6% en relación al año 2012, a pesar de la baja registrada en los embarques de diciembre, que con un monto de US$ 414 millones, cayeron en 14,3% comparado al mes anterior

En Colombia es difícil ponerse de acuerdo sobre algo; sin embargo, en la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente hubo consenso entre los participantes de distintas ideologías y partidos sobre la bondad de reformar de manera integral al Banco de la República y convertirlo en un banco central independiente. La historia del debate constitucional está recogida en las distintas ponencias y discusiones de la Constituyente de 1991 y en un número importante de trabajos académicos que son material indispensable para los interesados en los temas de la banca central. De estos textos se destaca el libro La autonomía del Banco de la República: economía política de la reforma, editado por Roberto Steiner (1995), en donde los protagonistas de la reforma analizan las principales discusiones y conflictos que se presentaron en el marco de la constituyente y los acuerdos que se fueron formando para la transformación del Banco de la República. Igualmente relevante los artículos “Autonomía del Banco de la República en la Constitución de 1991 y en la Ley 31 de 1992” de Alberto Boada, Carolina Gómez y Marcela Ocampo (2017) y “El debate sobre la banca central en la constituyente de 1991” de Rudolf Hommes y José Elías Melo (2017) que hacen parte del libro Historia del Banco de la República: 1923-2015. En estos trabajos se presenta un análisis sistemático de la reforma y la visión, muy particular, de quienes participaron en nombre del gobierno Gaviria en las discusiones de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente. Con el paso de los años también hay consenso sobre el importante rol que ha desempeñado el Banco de la República y su Junta Directiva como autoridad monetaria, cambiaria y crediticia, en el adecuado manejo de la economía nacional. Crisis profundas como la de fin de siglo, la que se desató en el mundo con la quiebra de Lehman Brothers o la más reciente, producto de la pandemia del Covid-19, han puesto a prueba el marco institucional establecido en 1991. En todas ellas la respuesta del banco central ha seguido el carácter técnico que le impuso la Carta Política. Este texto no profundiza en lo sucedido en la constituyente, sino que se centra en la forma como la ley reguló el nuevo esquema de banca central independiente y el papel preponderante que ha tenido la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional. Las decisiones, en su mayoría, han respaldado el marco institucional adoptado por la Ley 31 de 1991, lo que ha permitido a la Junta Directiva cumplir con su mandato de preservar la capacidad adquisitiva de la moneda en coordinación con la política económica general. La idea de esta obra surgió como una actualización del libro “La Banca Central en Colombia” editada por el Banco de la República en 1994 y que tenía en su portada un billete de diez pesos con la figura de Antonio Nariño. Sin embargo el texto derivó en comentarios a la Ley 31 de 1992 y al Decreto 2520 de 1993 (Estatutos del Banco) que constituyen el marco legal de funcionamiento del banco central. Los comentarios se apoyan en las discusiones en el Congreso previas a la aprobación de la Ley 31, en los fallos de las distintas cortes y en mi experiencia como secretario de la Junta, gerente ejecutivo y, recientemente, como miembro de la Junta del Banco. Las opiniones, naturalmente, no comprometen al Banco de la República ni a su Junta Directiva y son de mi exclusiva responsabilidad. Agradezco a la Secretaría de la Junta Directiva y al Departamento Jurídico por su colaboración permanente, en especial a Alberto Boada Ortiz, actual secretario, y a los distintos abogados que seguramente reconocerán ideas discutidas con ellos en distintas épocas del Banco. También, a Consuelo Páez que, con su insistencia, logró llevar a feliz término este libro y a Natalia y Juana que, en medio del confinamiento obligatorio del Covid-19, me animaron a seguir adelante con el proyecto.