Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médecine Légale'
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Siorat, Catherine. "Techniques d'identification odonto-stomatologique en médecine légale." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25089.
Full textMoritz, Didier. "L'enseignement de la médecine légale à Strasbourg de 1794 à 1870." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M267.
Full textRaul, Jean-Sébastien. "Applications des modèles éléments finis de la tête en médecine légale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/RAUL_Jean-Sebastien_2007.pdf.
Full textLeonetti, Georges. "Apport de nouveaux paramètres anthropologiques à l'identification en médecine légale : Anthropologie biologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2653U.
Full textOllier, Joseph. "La preuve par le sang en biologie légale." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10020.
Full textThe guiltiness or innoncence of an individual is established through the blood considered as an index in forensic analysis. The identification of bloodstains, the usefulness of conventional grouping tests, the dna "fingerprints" are, in short, the basis of criminology. These dna "fingerprints" which are completely specific to an individual, could be applied directly to problems of human identification including parenthood testing and be used for the routine identification and the authentication of human cell lines in culture. The p. C. R. Allows us to recognize an individual from small samples. These dna "fingerprints" are in conflict with fundamental liberties and to european law. We can use these tests to estimate their importance as a proof in the penal justice
Tilotta, Françoise. "Contribution à la reconstitution faciale en médecine légale : proposition d’une nouvelle méthode statistique." Université de Paris-Sud. UFR STAPS d'Orsay (Essonne), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA113002.
Full textIn recent years, the development of IT and medical imaging has had a major impact on facial reconstruction. New strategies have been proposed to reconstitute the morphology of a face from the observation of a skull. Usually, these techniques are based either on few landmark measurements or on the use of templates associated to the face and the skull. In our work, we choose a local and individual approach based on the used of dense meshes associated to a large collection of landmarks directly extracted from CT-scans. Our method allows to reconstruct local features on the skull like the nose with a good accuracy. We first built a database with 47 CT-Scan using whole head performed on 47 volunteers European women aged from 20 to 40 years. Our image processing includes 1/ the segmentation of both skull and external skin surface for each slice; 2/ the construction of two 3D surfaces by meshing curves on successive slices. Then 39 landmarks are manually located on each skull mesh. Our image processing step allows to compute geodesics on the meshed surface and extract anatomically identified feature from the bone surface (bone patch). Using registration techniques it is possible to construct a distance between individual features on the skull (bone patch) and to compute average of the corresponding skin features. We have derived two approaches to compute such average of skin features : one is based on the extraction of skin thickness, the second is based on the extraction of the external skin surface
Tracqui, Antoine. "Développement d'une méthode originale de screening toxicologique par chromatographie liquide haute performance avec détection par barrette de diodes (HPLC/DAD) : application à la toxicologie clinique et médico-légale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13138.
Full textSintzoff, Serge. "Contribution à l'établissement de nouveaux principes d'évaluation des lésions anatomiques en imagerie médico-légale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212641.
Full textPernel, Christine. "Les libertés et droits fondamentaux dans la recherche de la preuve pénale en médecine légale." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN20007.
Full textThe development of the forensic medicine, especially for the last 20 years, brought about an important change in the search for the evidence. Indeed the forensic medicine, which a priori seems to only concern a limited number of domains, is in fact multidisciplinary for the forensic pathologist intervenes in numerous fields. The main task of the forensic medicine is precisely to help the police and the jurisdictions to discover the truth. The ruling must be able to rely on techniques which will allow reaching certainty without for all that neglecting the social and human elements present in every judicial intervention. A field in which the search for truth imperatively requires the absence of any doubt exists, it is well and truly that of criminal justice because any mistake endangers by nature not only the people's honor and respect but also, and this is much more fearsome, their freedom, their intimacy, their integrity, nay, their life. During that quest for the truth, a constant conflict exists between the search for an optimal effectiveness of the evidence and the respect of liberties and fundamental rights of individuals. It is interesting to note that justice more and more uses life sciences in order to prove a state, to establish a fact or a situation. The principles of criminal evidence do not stand in the way of the use of the forensic medicine but limits to the forensic activity must be set since it directly touches the human body. This protection is ensured both by the general principles of the criminal law (part i) and by the fundamental rules of the penal procedure (part ii) since the forensic intervention is in keeping with and becomes integrated with the penal proceedings. This set of rules ensures social order, public security and the exercise of the liberties and fundamental rights of the individuals at once. Such is one of the difficulties -not the least- that a real democracy has to overcome
Quantin, Sylvie. "Interet de la recherche et de l'identification des diatomees pour le diagnostic de noyade." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR1M008.
Full textKawaciw, Elisabeth. "Les ruptures traumatiques isolées de la vessie : aspect médico-légal." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M124.
Full textJuston, Morival Romain. "Le corps médico-légal. Les médecins légistes et leurs expertises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV133.
Full textThis research focuses on medical examiners and the reports they provide upon requisition from Public Prosecutors. Neither occasional collaborators of the judge, nor holders of a specific specialty title, forensic scientists and medical examiners form a professional body that is quite distant from both the judicial expert assessment model and the medical specialty model. They mainly practise the medico-legal expertise in dedicated hospital units, and have undergone a medical university curriculum, with medical specialties ranging from general medicine to anatomopathology, and from occupational medicine to public health.This thesis explores the tension between a judicial expert assessment and a medical specialty, and analyses this tension, simultaneously as being enshrined into the formation process of the occupational group, and as a driving force of the coproduction of medical and judicial truths about facts. The research builds on the implementation of an empirical investigation system, associating ethnographic observations, interviews, and documentation. The different locations that were analysed (autopsy rooms, doctors’ offices, Ministerial directions, decentralised administrations, Public Prosecutors’ committee rooms, congress) constitute a two-level analysis of the medico-legal apparatus: on one hand, the protocol level, where medico-legal activities are organised and supervised, from state-level administrations to local departments; on the other hand, the expert assessment level, where medical examiners were studied from medical examination rooms up to courts of law. The first chapter explores the protocol level, by studying, in particular, the genesis, elaboration and implementation of a forensic medicine reform. It highlights how the organisation of medico-legal activities has been oscillating between two definitions of a medico-legal expertise; these two definitions respectively establish the figure of a judicial expert doctor, and the figure of a forensic specialist. The second chapter focuses on the careers of those who embrace the medico-legal expertise field. It reveals how doctors’ positions on medico-legal expertise are reliant on the way they adjust the practising of this activity to their original medical education. Finally, the third chapter analyses the practices of experts and magistrates from the Public Prosecutor’s department, within the organisations where the medico-legal expert assessments are produced and used, from hospitals to courts of law. This ethnography of how medico-legal evidence is created underlines the tensions that come up within this activity stream, as doctors mix up different frameworks in the way they examine assaulted bodies.This mobile approach of the medico-legal apparatus allows the surfacing of two theoretical concerns. First, the logical hierarchy between the micro level of practises and the meso level of organisations leads to renew the approach for professional segments. Studying segmentation processes is a way of determining if forensic medicine is more driven towards being an activity that is piloted by the judicial administration supervision (which funds and consumes the expert assessments), or towards becoming an autonomous medical discipline with the same regulation mechanisms as a regular hospital specialty. This second concern leads to studying the socialization mechanism as well as the practises of experts in a dynamic way. Ultimately, this thesis proposes to analyse a practise that is stretched between different surroundings in concrete situations, while analysing specific social determining factors of the medico-legal assessment, by dynamically exploring three levels: the organisation of forensic medicine, the socialization of the experts, and the actual activity of the professionals that produce and seize medico-legal assessments
Bouquet, de Jolinière Jean. "Réflexions éthique et déontologique de l'image active en chirurgie endoscopique : utilisations et réseaux." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N004.
Full textLe, Garff Erwan. "Taphonomie osseuse humaine au micro-scanner." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S040/document.
Full textIntroduction: Estimating post-mortem delay (the time between the discovery of a dead body and the time of death) is an important element in a police investigation. This estimate is difficult when the body found is in the skeleton state. There is little tool to do this.This work is part of the desire to develop methods for estimating the post mortem interval on bone remains. This thesis focuses on providing new data using micro-imaging in bone taphonomy. In particular, we try to highlight the interactions between post mortem human bone and its environment.Materials and methods: Human bones from several body donations to science were studied by micro-scanning. These bones have been conserved prospectively for known periods of time. The bones were examined during conservation in a controlled environment and stable in temperature and hygrometry. Four axes of experimentation were retained.A first line of work focused on measuring the precision of the micro-scanner during repeated measurements. This work was done on fragments of cranial vaults and phalanges.A second line of work was carried out on the impact of the initial mode of preservation of the sample. We compared the architectural evolution with micro-scanning of cranial vault fragments preserved in 10% formalin or freezing at -20 ° C. Each sample was kept for 12 months.A third line of work focused on describing the microCT evolution of bone fragments preserved in standard medium over various periods (cranial vault fragments over 4 weeks and 10 weeks - rib fragments over 6 and 36 months).Results: It has been shown that micro-scanner acquisitions are accurate and reproducible.We have shown that there are many architectural variations in the storage of bone in formaldehyde or freezing. This shows the importance of fresh bone work in a taphonomic context.Significant architectural modifications have been demonstrated during bone conservation in a standard and controlled environment. These changes occur as early as the first two weeks of storage for the vault fragments and are also observed after 6 and 36 months of storage for the rib fragments.Discussion and conclusion: This work has made it possible to highlight the interest that micro-imaging represents for the study of bone architecture. This is a precise and non-destructive technology of the sample. The contribution of the micro-scanner lies in the capacity of architectural analysis of large volumes. Our results confirm the influence of conservation medium and time on the bone substrate. Architectural modifications are already observable after variable conservation times (from a few weeks to several months). These delays are very short with regard to the limitation period in criminal cases and taphonomy in archeology. These results deserve to be confronted with data on a larger number of individuals, longer storage periods, and many conservation environments
Petkovski, Elizabet. "Polymorphismes ponctuels de séquence et identification génétique : Etude par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/PETKOVSKI_Elizabet_2006.pdf.
Full textHuman genome polymorphism investigation allows accurate individual identification and genetic relationship establishment. The study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) requires short DNA fragments and therefore has a particular advantage over classical markers in the analysis of degraded samples. This and the capacity of yielding high discriminatory powers confer a great value to autosomal SNP markers in the fields of forensics or molecular anthropology. In the present study 50 autosomal SNPs and a sex determining sequence difference between the amelogenin gene gonosomal copies were selected. The characterization of this set of markers represents an innovative work as it allows generating strong discriminatory information and is restricted to non-coding DNA regions, in harmony with the in force French legislation. Our approach to SNP typing is a multiplex PCR based amplification followed by simultaneous detection of primer extension products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The study of these markers in a French representative population allowed their allelic distribution investigation, their validation as tools for genetic identification and filiation and the development of a direct, sensitive, rapid and multiplexed analysis method yielding reproducible results. The analysis of the selected binary markers represents a complementary means of great help in cases where microsatellite investigation fails due to extensive DNA degradation rather then lack of DNA template. Their specific advantage relies in the identification of discrete samples, such as highly degraded tissues commonly encountered on crime scenes or in mass-disasters. The establishment of a routine protocol will lead to the implementation of the method based on SNP typing in genetic identification laboratories
Charabidzé, Damien. "Etude de la biologie des insectes nécrophages et application à l'expertise en entomologie médico-légale." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S024.
Full textProvost, Fabien. "Anthropologie de l'expertise médico-légale en Inde du Nord." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100025.
Full textWhereas much has been written about the role played by medico-legal evidence in judicial deliberation, few studies focus on the articulation of medicine and law in the daily lives of experts. However, testifying in courts is but one aspect of forensic medicine. Understanding how medico-legal experts implement the interface between medicine and law therefore requires moving away from the court to focus on the daily practice of forensic expertise in the hospital. In this perspective, this thesis deals with forensic medicine based on a one-year ethnographic survey conducted in three hospital mortuaries in North India, as well as on judicial records. It relies on case studies formed out of the analysis of interactions between doctors and police officers or family members, medico-legal examinations and strategies for writing forensic reports. While placing Indian forensic medicine in its historical, sociological and institutional context, this work, at the intersection of medical and legal anthropology, aims to establish how medico-legal experts understand cases, write their reports and act on reality. The medico-legal diagnosis and its written formulation appear as elaborations, built through a hybrid process whose analysis makes it possible to grasp the epistemological, political and social issues surrounding medico-legal practice
Fehr, Anne. "Etude médico-légale de la maladie de Basedow post-traumatique." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25119.
Full textThibaudeau, Benjamin. "Contribution à l'étude de la preuve médico-légale en droit pénal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LEMA2002.
Full textForensic medicine, often wrongly presented as the medicine of the dead, is a unique medical discipline as it is practiced for judicial purposes. As a veritable medicine of the body and mind, its main objective is to provide evidences that can contribute to establishing the judicial truth to those involved in criminal proceedings. Establishing a legal definition of forensic evidence highlights the difficulty to integrate it into classifications of modes of evidence, which today appear ill-suited to new evidential resources. It seems that forensic evidence should be included in a new category dedicated to evidence obtained by technical and scientific means. The almost systematic use of this type of evidence must not, however, be carried out neither in disregard of the rules governing criminal procedure, nor in violation of the fundamental individuals principles and freedoms. In this respect, the role of the judge is fundamental and deserves to be strengthened, as the guarantor of compliance with the general principles of criminal law. Bolstered by its conferred reliability and value, this evidence has a considerable influence on all those involved in criminal proceedings, either during the investigation phase or during the criminal trial. However, this widely shared observation, nevertheless raises questions of the capability of the various players, and in particular the judge, to sovereignty over the evidence. In practical terms, the absence of knowledge of the judge in this domain makes inevitably incompetent, thus justifying the proposal to adjust of the probative value of this category of evidence
Juston, Romain. "Le corps médico-légal. Les médecins légistes et leurs expertises." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV133.
Full textThis research focuses on medical examiners and the reports they provide upon requisition from Public Prosecutors. Neither occasional collaborators of the judge, nor holders of a specific specialty title, forensic scientists and medical examiners form a professional body that is quite distant from both the judicial expert assessment model and the medical specialty model. They mainly practise the medico-legal expertise in dedicated hospital units, and have undergone a medical university curriculum, with medical specialties ranging from general medicine to anatomopathology, and from occupational medicine to public health.This thesis explores the tension between a judicial expert assessment and a medical specialty, and analyses this tension, simultaneously as being enshrined into the formation process of the occupational group, and as a driving force of the coproduction of medical and judicial truths about facts. The research builds on the implementation of an empirical investigation system, associating ethnographic observations, interviews, and documentation. The different locations that were analysed (autopsy rooms, doctors’ offices, Ministerial directions, decentralised administrations, Public Prosecutors’ committee rooms, congress) constitute a two-level analysis of the medico-legal apparatus: on one hand, the protocol level, where medico-legal activities are organised and supervised, from state-level administrations to local departments; on the other hand, the expert assessment level, where medical examiners were studied from medical examination rooms up to courts of law. The first chapter explores the protocol level, by studying, in particular, the genesis, elaboration and implementation of a forensic medicine reform. It highlights how the organisation of medico-legal activities has been oscillating between two definitions of a medico-legal expertise; these two definitions respectively establish the figure of a judicial expert doctor, and the figure of a forensic specialist. The second chapter focuses on the careers of those who embrace the medico-legal expertise field. It reveals how doctors’ positions on medico-legal expertise are reliant on the way they adjust the practising of this activity to their original medical education. Finally, the third chapter analyses the practices of experts and magistrates from the Public Prosecutor’s department, within the organisations where the medico-legal expert assessments are produced and used, from hospitals to courts of law. This ethnography of how medico-legal evidence is created underlines the tensions that come up within this activity stream, as doctors mix up different frameworks in the way they examine assaulted bodies.This mobile approach of the medico-legal apparatus allows the surfacing of two theoretical concerns. First, the logical hierarchy between the micro level of practises and the meso level of organisations leads to renew the approach for professional segments. Studying segmentation processes is a way of determining if forensic medicine is more driven towards being an activity that is piloted by the judicial administration supervision (which funds and consumes the expert assessments), or towards becoming an autonomous medical discipline with the same regulation mechanisms as a regular hospital specialty. This second concern leads to studying the socialization mechanism as well as the practises of experts in a dynamic way. Ultimately, this thesis proposes to analyse a practise that is stretched between different surroundings in concrete situations, while analysing specific social determining factors of the medico-legal assessment, by dynamically exploring three levels: the organisation of forensic medicine, the socialization of the experts, and the actual activity of the professionals that produce and seize medico-legal assessments
Myskowiak, Jean-Bernard. "Etude des communautés d'invertébrés acquatiques et de la dynamique de colonisation d'un cadavre pendant sa phase immergée en vue d'estimer le delai de submersion." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S003.
Full textFrom the pathology point of view , invertebrates colonising cadavers in freshwater have been rarely used. This work, standing between fundamental and applied research, gives an insight of the colonisation of immersed body against time, in order to design a tool assessing the post-mortem day. Two experiments applying an animalmodel, and cross examination of the results are presented. Parameters that could be of significance (clothes, environment, physico-chemistry etc. . . ) are studied. Colonisations by invertebrates are examined against post-mortem stages and bio-indicators spectra are highlighted. In the afore mentioned basis, a working protocol is set up. Aquatic fauna is now able to constitute a relevant tool that can be used for assessing submersion delay
Timmermans, Luc. "Contribution aux méthodes d'évaluation de l'incontinence urinaire et applications en médecine d'assurance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239784.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Coupaye, Anne. "La méthode médico-légale et criminalistique de Sherlock Holmes." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M194.
Full textBrier, Christian de. "Problèmes médico-légaux rencontrés par les médecins de SOS médecins à Bordeaux dans leur pratique quotidienne." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M022.
Full textJaulin, Cossard Véronique. "Problèmes médico-légaux posés par l'usage de la sonde de Swan-Ganz." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT056M.
Full textLefèvre, Thomas. "Principes de méthodes " non classiques, non statistiques et massivement multivariées " et de réduction de la complexité. Applications en épidémiologie sociale et en médecine légale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066336/document.
Full textSocial epidemiology and clinical legal medicine are hybrid objects that articulate several fields, accounting for social and interpersonal relationships. The complexity that characterizes them both is investigated through different viewpoints, scales and dimensions: the individual scale, the group scale and the society scale. The techniques used in biomedicine are not designed to properly deal with such a complexity, in a non-normative way. A wide range of alternative non-statistical, “non-classical” methods exist that can process simultaneously various dimensions so that we can reduce the apparent complexity of data while discovering scientific objects. Here, we present the principles and the use of clustering techniques, applied to social epidemiology. We applied different clustering techniques on data from the SIRS cohort to build a typology of healthcare utilization in the Paris metropolitan area. From an epistemological and technical viewpoint, we explain why these methods should take place beside other recognized but limited techniques such as randomized controlled trials. We introduce another but complementary kind of complexity reduction technique. The concept of intrinsic dimension is explained – the littlest dimension needed to describe properly data – and nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques are applied in clinical legal medicine. With these tools, we explore whether the integration of multiple information sources is relevant in age estimation of living migrants. Finally, we discuss the pros and cons of these methods, as well as the opportunities they may create for both fields of social epidemiology and clinical legal medicine
Charabidze, Damien. "Etude de la biologie des insectes nécrophages et application à l'expertise en entomologie médico-légale." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343660.
Full textLa présente étude vise en premier lieu à améliorer les connaissances fondamentales quant au développement et au comportement des principales espèces de diptères nécrophages. Les expériences réalisées portent sur l'évolution saisonnière des populations d'insectes nécrophages, les variations intrinsèques de la vitesse de développement des larves, leur vitesse de déplacements, la structuration et le comportement des agrégats larvaires, ainsi que le comportement thermique du cadavre. Pour chacun de ces points, une étude bibliographique approfondie a été réalisée. Le dispositif expérimental ainsi que les résultats obtenus sont présentés puis analysés et replacés dans le contexte de l'entomologie médico-légale.
Les données et observations obtenues au cours de ces recherches ont également constitué la base de développement d'un modèle informatique simulant le comportement et le développement des larves de diptères nécrophages sur un corps. Outre son aspect explicatif, cet outil de simulation constitue le premier niveau d'un système d'analyse plus vaste. Destiné à la réalisation d'expertises en entomologie médico-légale, ce programme permet d'estimer, à partir de la comparaison entre résultats de simulations et prélèvements effectués sur un corps, le moment de la mort et la marge d'erreur de cette estimation.
Cette thèse répond ainsi à un double objectif : enrichir les connaissances concernant certains aspects de la biologie des insectes nécrophages, et améliorer la précision et la fiabilité des expertises entomologiques grâce au développement de méthodes informatiques de raisonnement et d'analyse
Prunières, Luc. "L'étude du polymorphisme de l'A. D. N : base d'une nouvelle technique d'identification médico-judiciaire." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11165.
Full textNi, Annaidh Aisling. "Mécanique du coup de couteau : étude numérique et expérimentale de l'attaque à l'arme blanche." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066261.
Full textDelannoy, Yann. "Caractérisation de la diagénèse osseuse en anthropologie médico-légale : étude macroscopique, spectrométrique et histomorphologique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S052/document.
Full textIntroduction: Determining the postmortem interval in cases of skeletonized remains is a key element of the judicial investigation. However, few methods are applicable for an accurate estimate of this period. This taphonomic study wanted to be performed in a temporality joining the legal requirements applied in forensics. Thus, the main hypothesis of this study was an early organic postmortem bone degradation, particularly a collagen degradation. The latter has been studied prospectively.Materials and Methods: 6 human bodies without known bone disease were included, and for each subject, the ribs were chosen. The bones were included in a diagenetic environment and studied over 2 years. Macroscopic analysis of bone weight loss was performed, and completed by two methods: one molecular (Raman microspectrometry) and the other morphological (histology).Results: This work has highlighted certain features of the temporary bone alteration on its different phases via: a desiccation highlighted by bone mass loss; a diagenesis of organic and mineral phases. Thus, the study of physicochemical parameters by Raman microspectrometry revealed a temporary trend of declining mineral / organic ratios; decreasing carbonation; increasing crystallinity. Multivariate analysis of Raman spectra allowed: to distinguish temporal groups by discriminating via their organic contributions; to design a statistical model of practical use. The microscopic study of the samples revealed no microbial attack in the early postmortem period, but an alteration of collagen by chemical hydrolysis.Discussion: Our study identified three basic parameters of bone diagenesis that must be known to the forensic anthropologist, even over a period of 2 years which is \\\"short\\\" on the scale of anthropology:- The environment strongly influences bone diagenesis and should be studied as well as the bone itself. Indeed, the study of weight loss of the bone, revealed a phenomenon of bone drying, similar to the overall dehydration of the body in the postmortem period;- Bone diagenesis is a global phenomenon in which the various alterations of inorganic and organic phases are interdependent and can be evaluated by Raman microspectrometry. Also its contribution in the analysis of the chemical degradation of the bone, Raman spectroscopy and statistical tools associated with it, allows the identification of diagenesis classes. These classes will require additional studies, eventually to be a practical support in dating a bone;- The organic alteration of the bone may be due to chemical or bacterial degradation, according to the environment and the postmortem period. Histology can make this distinction. On this period of study, the collagen degradation by chemical hydrolysis is predominant.Conclusion: These parameters form a structural unit, which is well known in archaeological anthropology, and is absolutely transposable in forensic practice if appropriate methodologies are developed. Research on this topic has an essential role as forensics can respond to legitimate requests from victims and their relatives towards justice
Pochard, Frederic. "Actes de fin de vie médicalisés en réanimation : l'éthique médicale entre théorie et pratique : contribution à l'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme de résolution des conflits éthique reposant sur les principes de circularité, de contextualité et d'autorité." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05N008.
Full textRondot, Agathe. "Organisation de l'examen médical des personnes en garde à vue au sein de l'unité médico-légale du CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre." Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0459.
Full textTitle: Organization of the medical examination of persons in custody by the forensic unit of the University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre. Since the refonn of the forensic medecine of December 27th, 2010, the medical examination of the persons in police custody (PC) is an act which is, in Guadeloupe, the responsibility of the judicial medical unit (JMU) of the hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre. To apply the refonn of the PC of April 14th, 2011 and ensure effective management throughout the territory, the JMU can lean on practitioners' network which cao take over in case ofunavailability of the JMU or of estrangement of the patient. From the medical examinations carried out in PC, it was to study the population held in police custody in Guadeloupe and analyze the main pathologies encountered in this type of exercise. This prospective descriptive study analyzed 198 medical files of the persons examined in PC by the JMU between January 28th , 2011 and June 30th , 2011. The majority of requisitions (71%) came from the National Police, where 51% of examinations were perfonned. The average age was 30. 3 years, with a majority of men (87%). The disease most often found is addiction (71%), with a majority of drinkers (42%) and cannabis users (38. 9%). Multiple drug users accounted for 6. 85% of the respondents. High blood pressure, asthma and diabetes are chronic conditions who also need a medical management during the PC. Finally, 10. 6% of medical examinations carried out in PC resulted in a hospital transfer, including 6% of incompatibility with the custody. These demographie characteristics are similar to those found in the literature. The management of addictions, diabetes, high blood pressure and asthma remains difficult in PC. Taking up recommendations for the management of these various diseases, we offer sheets helping medical decision-making in police custody. This should allow the various physicians involved in the examination ofpersons in custody a standardization of practices on Guadeloupe
Ballerat, Pascale. "La médicalisation du droit pénal." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR1001.
Full textCianfarani, François. "De l'utilisation des paramètres osseux cranio-maxillo-faciaux dans l'identification médico-légale : application au crâne du Mozarteum." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX21905.
Full textPeyron, Pierre-Antoine. "Détermination de l’heure du décès et de la vitalité des blessures cutanées par immunodosage de biomarqueurs protéiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT048.
Full textThe estimation of time since death and the determination of wound vitality are two major issues in forensic practice. Indeed, the traditional methods used, which respectively include the assessment of cadaveric signs and standard histology, are far from being precise. Through two research studies, the individual and combined performances of candidate protein biomarkers were investigated and compared with those of the reference methods, in each specific field of research. The first study aimed at simultaneously quantifying 10 cytokines in skin samples using the Meso Scale Discovery® technology, to assess their ability to discriminate between vital and post-mortem wounds. In a second study, we explored the post-mortem changes of tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA, to determine whether these proteins could be relevant biomarkers of the early post-mortem interval (PMI). Several candidate cytokines showed higher ability to characterize vital and early post-mortem wounds compared with standard histology, while tau protein could represent a potential CSF biomarker of the time since death, in association with tympanic body temperature. Our research suggests that integrating data from post-mortem biochemistry in forensic practice could result in a more precise determination of the early PMI and of skin wound vitality
Ruquet, Michel. "Intérêts de la variabilité de l'alvéolyse humaine dans l'estimation de l'âge en anthropologie médico-légale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20660/document.
Full textThe study carried out concerned to the determination of the age from investigations on the human alveolar bone loss. The lack of reliability of the tie epithelial as indicator of age and the absence of correlation of the transparency of the dentin on whole or cut teeth demonstrated the interest of a new odontological model of estimation of the age. We have, for it, recruited an important series of scanners (500) for implantological treatment matched by a medical administrative questionnaire administered opposite to face. A base balanced in term of sex-ratio and age groups was established with as criterion of inclusion of the toothed and observable sectors. The second phase consisted in practicing biometric measures of the height of loss of alveolar bone with regard to the classic referent that the junction enamel Cement establishes .From the data, and adjusted on the individual and behavioral variables collected in the questionnaire, we established a correlation with the continuous variable, the age. We were able to propose a model of estimation of the age in that of the odontological method of Lamendin with an identical but applicable reliability on age groups from 25 to 60 years. This method was validated by a comparative study of three indicators of errors and the formula optimized by the Bootstrap method. The models were, then, applied to a series of ancient complete skulls (32) and to a contemporary population (50). Finally, we opened the prospect, from the same protocol, from the estimation of the alveolar bone loss from the adjusted age or not on the various variables held) in the main study
Le, Bihan Patrick. "Dépression et homicide : revue de la littérature à propos de dix observations." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23082.
Full textChèze, Marjorie. "Intérêt de la spectrométrie de masse tandem pour l'analyse du sang, des urines et des phanères dans la mise en évidence de la soumission chimique." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S001.
Full textMarraillac, Emmanuelle. "Intérêt de la détection de la cocai͏̈ne dans les cheveux." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P070.
Full textTheves, Catherine. "Recherche de mutations ponctuelles de l'ADN mitochondrial dans l'os pour une détermination de l'âge." Paris, EHESS, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308590.
Full textIn the present study, we searched to evaluate the most efficient method for detecting low levels of heteroplasmy, determine whether these mutations were really age-related and assess the possible implications of heteroplasmies in anthropological and forensic studies. In first time, in two tissue types, muscle samples and buccal cells, we carried out the sensitive detection and quantification of point mutation A189G with peptid nucleic acid (PNA) and Real Time PCR (qPCR) together. In second time, we worked on bone tissues, on the one hand, from individuals where age was known in forensic identification, on the other hand, from ancient skeletons of the eastern Siberia, where age determination was done using bone indicators. We showed the A189G heteroplasmy accumulation on individuals of 70 years old or more, when age is known, and on identified old individuals by bone indicators. These investigations could be of interest in the detection and interpretation of mtDNA heteroplasmy in anthropological and forensic studies
Michard, Jean-François. "Le territoire du médecin légiste. Éthique & Épistémologie de l’expertise médico-judiciaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T078/document.
Full textThe expert report composed by a forensic pathologist often plays a key role in many criminal trials in order to either free or convict the defendant. By unearthing useful facts for the inquiry, the forensic pathologist has a duty to be neutral, use up-to-date scientific knowledge and data and to search for the truth in underlying events. But is the usual position of axiological neutrality relevant? Can values be evacuated from the expertise? Can the truth be achieved? What is actually science in the field of forensics? Is the forensic pathologist not using other tools to reach a conclusion? To address these issues, this work proposes to investigate the relationship between facts and values in the field of forensic expertise, as well as to examine the way the forensic scientists draw conclusions and in turn how these are stated
Gromb, Sophie. "Les aspects médico-légaux de l'acte transfusionnel." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28501.
Full textMohsni, Samy. "Le progrès de la science face au droit pénal." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21002.
Full textGiry, Martine. "Infanticides et violences létales à enfants : à propos de 14 observations du Service de médecine légale de Saint Etienne (1983-1993) : données anatomo-cliniques, données psychopathologiques, prévention." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6242.
Full textVan, Zeebroeck Shanthi. "Gods or Monsters? Non-Explicit Consent and the role of the doctor in the practice of euthanasia in Belgium." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/285208.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Gaines, Georges. "La vie et l'œuvre de Gabriel Tourdes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR1M055.
Full textD'Astous-Masse, Emmanuelle. "Les médecins comme auxiliaires de la justice criminelle à Québec, 1880-1920." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27766/27766.pdf.
Full textCapuani, Caroline. "Lésions osseuses par armes blanches : analyse des caractéristiques lésionnelles et détermination du mécanisme de production en macroscopie à épifluorescence." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30309/document.
Full textSharp force trauma generated by knives is one of the most common forms of armed violence encountered in judicial procedures. According to Locart's principle of "transfer of traces", a weapon can leave a lesion imprint on the bone. That's why cut mark analyses are important as they allow identification of the weapon class or even the perpetrator of the crime. This thesis addresses this problem by using a new tool that does not alter the bone, i.e. the epifluorescence macroscope. Through experimental and validation processes using mainly human bones, we have been able to identify lesion models exemplifying the characteristics per weapon class, allowing us to model kerfs for each weapon. By the means of fluorescence and comparative analysis, our study also demonstrates that it is possible to highlight special characteristics identifying the unique blade responsible for the imprints observed on a bone. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time microscopic criteria of directionality, using fluorescence excitation. Orientation of cracks, flakes, and lateral pushing back especially help determine the trajectory of the blow as well as the positions of the aggressor and victim. Nevertheless, scientific evidence is admissible if it is based on a scientific technique accepted as reliable within the scientific community and with judges. The admissibility of expert testimony under this new standard requires an estimation of the validity of the data and proof reliability (the rate of error in observations and conclusions). Our validation study demonstrated a high level of negative and positive predictive value of such diagnoses, but showed that this is closely linked to the observer's level of experience. A highly-experienced regard is essential for a reliable expertise. Thanks to these studies, we have had the opportunity to examine forensic and archaeological cases. These applications have confirmed that this technique could provide a useful preliminary tool for nondestructive examination in dismemberment cases, whether on ancient or contemporary bones
Ben, Chaâbane Dorra. "Agressions sexuelles après soumission chimique : expérience des urgences médico-judiciaires du Centre hospitalier universitaire Jean-Verdier en Seine Saint-Denis : étude des patients examinés de 2001 à 2003." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130021.
Full textThèves, Catherine. "Recherche de mutations ponctuelles de l'ADN mitochondrial dans l'os pour une détermination de l'âge." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308590.
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