Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médecine populaire'
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Vivod, Maria. "La Médecine populaire en Voïvodine (Serbie-Monténégro)." Strasbourg 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20061.
Full textThe re-birth of the ancient values which are unifying successfully the religion and the medicine after the fall of the communist regime and the successive civil wars in the ‘90s has chosen a therapy of frustrations and sickness by the traditional medicine which the popular healers of the region of Vojvodina, north of Serbia, know how to employ. The popular medicine, which has been considered until now as “para” medicine by the modern medicine, sociologists and ethnologists have profited of the liberty of expression resulted from the fall of communist regime. The popular healers started to leave behind the “traditional” and village milieus. This situation has produced persons who are unifying successfully traditional knowledge, modern techniques of publicity and information and the instinct of the demand of special public need. The basis of the definition of sickness and treatment is in popular belief, a part of thesis is a study of beliefs of existence of fantastic creatures (fairies, demons, witches, werewolves, etc) which are, as believed, the source and also the solution of sicknesses. The existence of these creatures is living in the popular imaginary and it is reflecting at the comprehension of sickness and its treatment. A part of the study is treating a therapy of fear by a technique of melting the lead (salivanje strave in Serbian). The complexity of this research work lying in the size of the fieldwork (a part of Central Europe and the Balkans) with the multitude of “traditions”, different religions (Catholicism, orthodoxy, Protestantism, Islam). The study is based on three different ethnological schools and three languages (French, Hungarian, Slavic) with their own particularities
Wanichalaksa, Ratrie Marukatat. "La médecine traditionnelle populaire de l'Issan (Thai͏̈lande) et ses rapports avec la médecine moderne." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0051.
Full textThai folk medecine of the phak issan (in north-east of thailand) is one of herbal medecine practiced, by simple villagers who acquired their knowledge through transmission by the local community or by specialists who acquired a special knowledge through a "teacher". Thai folk medecine at the same time associates animistic beleifs with bouddhist tradition, through magico-religious rituals performed by a "therapeute". The villagers of region today have the choice of two different therapeutic methods : the traditional and the modern. The choice of the therapeute is made according to the local perception of disease. Although herbal medecine has not been institutionalized in the hospitals, it remains very much alive among villagers
Jozani, Niloufar. "Les affections cutanées dans la médecine populaire en Iran." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100040.
Full textIn this work the skin is regarded as the human body's envelope. The skin diseases enter within a whole range of concepts pertaining to the diseases in general. Notions such as "clean" and "dirty", "beautiful" and "ugly", "normal" and "abnormal" have also been dealt with. The nature of diseases acknowledged by the interviewees (contacted in 1983 and 1986 in Tehran) to be skin diseases and which go far beyond those indexed by the bio-medicine, has made it imperative to give a definition of the skin diseases in the Iranian popular medicine. This definition is based on the importance of one's "appearance". Throughout this research, much emphasis has been given to the efforts made to protect the "appearance", to improve one's image and to attain some kind of "normality". The diseases are, therefore introduced in several categories. Each consists of diseases with a number of characteristics which lead to the diseases being perceived in a different way than those contained in other categories. Each disease has been studied from both nosological and etiological viewpoints. The various treatments of symbolic or empirical nature as well as the popular beliefs concerning each have also been described. Another part has been devoted to the "anatomy" with a rapid sketch of the body as ideally desired or the "normal" condition to be attained. It seeks to explain and clarify why certain treatment or adjustment of bodily features have been necessary
Cavaro, Gilles. "La médecine populaire en Martinique en 1989 : connaissance et utilisation des plantes." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25020.
Full textBonamy, Michel. "Les pratiques des guérisseurs : constituent-elles des substituts crédibles à nos méthodes modernes de soins ?" Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M082.
Full textDe, Souza Paulo. "L'exercice de la participation populaire à travers le Conseil national de santé au Brésil dans les années 90." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23700/23700.pdf.
Full textBusser, Christian. "Enquêtes sur la médecine populaire aux XIXème et XXème siècles dans la région d'Orbey, Massif vosgien, Alsace." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20015.
Full textThe survey has been carried out in the "Canton Vert" in Alsace, North East of France. It is a "welche" speaking area, isolated in the past. It gathers 5 towns or villages, including Orbey, on the foothills of the Vosges, close to Colmar. The relative isolation of the hamlets situated in the mountains until the 1950s promoted the traditional use of medicinal plants and numerous complex preparations drawn from the 3 kingdoms. The field work, carried out among 100 elderly people over a period of 4 years, has allowed to know more about the medicine practised spontaneously by the population without turning to medical prescriptions. The ethnologic context has mainly been studied from a linguistic point of view and with the help of numerous tales, traditions, legends, filled with supernatural elements. In some areas the richness of that heritage has been saved until now, thanks to some family booklets containing medicinal recipes from the 19th century, very precious possessions indeed, and also through a well-kept oral tradition in dialect (inherited from the Roman language and containing Gallic elements)
Atche, Djidjoho. "Médecine traditionnelle et médecine moderne : pratiques et enjeux de la scarification au Sud du Bénin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2024/UEFL-2024/TH2024UEFL2007.pdf.
Full textTherapeutic scarification is a widespread practice in Benin, particularly in southern Benin, where it is used to prevent and often even cure certain diseases. Despite its many therapeutic virtues, it is rejected by conventional medicine, which sees it as a fraud or even charlatanism. The seal of secrecy that underpins some of its practices does it a disservice. This raises the question of the value of therapeutic scarification in view of its popularity in southern Benin and the problems it entails. Unquestionably, this practice is perceived by some as irrational and dangerous, even though it is a form of rationality that can be valorized to strengthen therapeutic systems. Two therapeutic rationalities (modern and traditional) therefore theoretically appear to be mutually exclusive, and this is detrimental to the progress of medicine in general. Modern medicine isn't everywhere; it doesn't have the solution to everything, wherever it is. The same is true of traditional medicine. Be that as it may, the practice of traditional therapeutic scarification prevents and cures illnesses, but it poses problems of medical ethics and bioethics and needs to be reorganized, assisted, supervised and, why not, introduced into training schools, hospitals in general and those in Benin in particular
Carcenac, Danièle. "Médecine populaire et pratiques thérapeutiques dans la tradition et la légende au Ban-de-la-Roche du XVIIIème siècle a nos jours." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M178.
Full textDjassoa, Gnansa. "Esquisse théorique des pratiques thérapeutiques chez les Nawdeba du nord Togo : contribution à l'étude psychologique de la médecine traditionnelle en Afrique noire." Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20017.
Full textThe cosmos (including mankind) is represented (described) as a two-dimensional (physical and spiritual) dynamic reality. This representation is expressed, shown, in the social institution and practices. - the therapeutic practices, based on this representation fight against disease described as an external aggression coming from spiritual world, disorganizing ego taken as a bio- psychological whole. These therapeutic practices aim at reorganizing, recreating the whole of ego. - from that point of view, the nawda cure differs from the American and European curative procedures which have a dualistic way of looking at man and universe, and contend against disease described as a dichotomous reality : organic disease and mental disease. - the public health organization in Togo has to rehabilitate, to assume the local native traditional therapies and establish a collaboration between traditional native practitioners and the practitioners of introduced therapies, in order to improve the health of the population
Micollier, Évelyne. "Un aspect de la pluralité médicale en Chine populaire : les pratiques de Qigong : dimension thérapeutique/dimension sociale." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01182166.
Full textBrachet, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude des médecines traditionnelles : l'ayurveda en Inde à la fin du XXe siècle." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05W089.
Full textHakima, Fakher. "Les aérophones dans la musique populaire égyptienne : tradition et évolution." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040237.
Full textThis work reveals the principal mutations of the Egyptian popular music, right from the start of the twentieth century. Our essential interrogations will focus on the use of the woodwind instruments in both: the popular rural and urban music and around their role in the evolution of the style of interpretation. The transfer of the rural music of the Egyptian countryside towards the urban environment of the city of Cairo brought about important mutations. In order to expose those mutations we have studied peculiarly two mains groups of woodwind instruments: the authentic instruments (al-‘arghûl, al-mizmâr et al-kawalah) which interpret popular rural music and the occidental woodwind instruments (the accordion and the saxophone) which themselves interpret the popular urban music of Cairo. The research displays also a study of the Arabic military music. The vulgarization of this musical genre had been the consequence of the apparition of a new popular musical genre: popular brass-band hassab allh. The following research paper deals with the contribution of organology, as well as the instrumental technique, on the evolution of the Egyptian popular music
Benoît, Catherine. "Les frontières du corps : perception du corps à la Guadeloupe à travers les représentations et pratiques liées à la maladie, l'espace habité (case et jardin de case) et l'exercice des thérapeutiques traditionnelles." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0053.
Full textAccording to the concept of "bricolage" created by Levi-Strauss and developed by Bastide I have shown how the representations and practices linked to the body, the dwelling (house and dooryard garden) and the folk healers constitute a well-structured system. These representations and practices are not the remnants of original systems but are by themselves a system built from different traditions in an ongoing process. It brings religion, medicine, witchcraft and sorcery together into one world-view. It also synthesises cultural traditions of Caribbean natives, Europeans, Africans and Indians. These representations and practices refer to a world view and a notion of person even if they are not as precise as those that we are used to observe in other societies. But "bricolage" set within power relations. Through the genealogies and the stories of some healers' families, I have shown how it would be possible to study the context in which "bricolage" operates
Garreta, Raphaële. "Des simples à l'essentiel : de l'herboristerie à l'aromathérapie, pratiques et représentations des plantes médicinales." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0206.
Full textWhereas most of the ethnological works about medicinal plants are situated within the framework of "traditional" and "popular" medicine in rural societies, this study is about urban society - as a geographical zone as much as a metaphor of contemporary world - and examines practices and representations of plants that are used by professionals in the herbalist field: gatherers, herbalists and, today, aromatherapists. The first aim of this work is to show that herbalists and aromatherapists are not situated in really different mental worlds. Their actions and their discourses reveal the continuity of a set of symbolic values attached to medicinal plants in relation to a certain conception of disease and distress, in a society where this type of medicine is not dominant. In order to understand the nature of these representations, the itinerary of the plant is restored: the different ways of gathering medicinal plants, their preparation and uses reflect the theories elaborated about them, conditioning directly their efficacy. This thesis examines finally the supposed benefits of plants. Dried plants of herbalist or essential oil of aromatherapist, the interest raised about them is inscribed in an ideological context where the research of a purification, that is not only physical, is at stake. From the plant, one demands a corporal as well as a spiritual well being
Viveros, Mara. "L'herbe de l'endurance : discours et pratiques thérapeutiques des habitants de Villeta, une commune Colombienne." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0063.
Full textOur work intends to analize the representations of health and disease of the population of a colombian township, Villeta, such as saying and daily practices which express the meaning assigned by this people to events defined as health and disease as well as therapeutical behaviors. It is first intended to understand what such representations reveal about the social norms which govern the lives of its inhabitants. Then, it is intended to learn about the practices used by its population to overcome its health problems, in order to establish its different local therapeutical resources and to determine the relationship established between diverse therapists and the social groupings consulting them. Finally, our work attempts to reconstruct the true paths followed by the people of Villeta in search of therapeutical treatment and the meaning of and explanation to the disease, within a context of therapeutic pluralism, where the little town hospital, medicine men and midwives coexist. The methodology used comprises comprehensive interviews, questionairies and detailed descriptions of three of three frequent illnesses in Villeta : diarrhea, respiratory ailments and leishmaniasis
Rakotomalala, Malanjaona. "Une expérience pluridimensionnelle : la maladie chez les Vonizongo du sud-est (Madagascar)." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0002.
Full textSionneau, Sylvain. "Les médecines illégales et les médecines populaires en France au XIXe siècle, avec l'exemple du Maine-et-Loire." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945371.
Full textRaineau, Clémentine. "Maladie et infortune dans l'Auvergne d'aujourd'hui : médecins, guérisseurs et malades : d'un village montagnard à l'hôpital." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0047.
Full textMolinier, Nathalie. "Au sujet d'un dispensaire de brousse au Cameroun, engagement d'un village pour la médecine de son choix." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11049.
Full textSimon, Emmanuelle. "Les initiatives de promotion des thérapeutiques traditionnelles au Bénin, nouveaux enjeux thérapeutiques, politiques et religieux." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30005.
Full textIn 1972, Benin's government initiate a programme in public health including traditional medicine. During the tree past decades, public interest in traditional medicine has increased greatly. And the multiplication of new experiences in traditional medicine modified the urban medical offer and contributes to the emergence of a differentiated and autonomous therapeutic field. Nevertheless, the dynamics of differentiation is limited by the maintenance of a religious field with fuzzy borders. All the projects in traditional medicine also contribute to the development of transnational and global connections. But the emergent arena in global context, represent a permanent process of negotiation (north/south, south/south) according to the different cultural views of the world and the specifics locals concerns
Crochet, Françoise Soizick. "Étude ethnographique des pratiques familiales de santé au Cambodge." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100211.
Full textCambodia, through its turbulent and violent years, has often been defined as "composed of families". Its public health structures are plagued by corruption and low levels of utilization, wlûle children suffer from a great number of tropical diseases and problems related to poverty (malnutrition, measles, diarrhea. . . ). The first part, of this thesis describes the province and village of fiel. D-work, their economy and type of households. The second part is an analysis of the official health system and its history. The third part details the rituals and health practices during pregnancy, childbirth and first episodes of childhood illnesses. More than the traditional practitioners, women, and especially mothers, are the first to diagnose and treat family ailments, thanks to their knowledge of plants and their use of simple, daily objects present in the house and its surroundings. Popular medicine is often criticised b y health professionals, particularly when it involves self-medication. Yet, millions of children owe their health and well-being to the domestic and sanitary activities of the mothers
Ntsame, Mboulou Chimene M. M. "Itinéraires thérapeutiques de la maladie au Gabon : cas des cancers." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070124.
Full textThis thesis deals with the therapeutic routes of disease in the Gabon concerning particularly the people affected by cancer. Its main objective is to analyze the route of the sick cancer patients in Gabon to understand their observed therapeutic wandering. Through this thesis, it will also be a question of analyzing, downstream, the weaknesses of the care of this disease in the structures of care approved in the Gabon. Medical cover, who is there to grants a weak importance for the human dimension. It will thus be necessary in this thesis to deal with, on one hand, a epistemic-clinical evaluation of the disease in particular the outstanding body, its psychic and somatic expressions, and on the other hand, an understanding of the plural progress of care or the therapeutic strategies of cancer, in its intercultural propping up. The private hospital is called questioned here by a subjective experience of break, compatible with the necessities and the historic contingencies of the subject which registrer, alter all, the therapeutic route in the social link. Yet the analysis of the subjects shows better, that these routes make link with the trauma engendered by the disease and its consequences. Indeed, patients are in search of sense, they want to understand and to give a meaning to the advent which they cross. As they could not find answers with the upholders of the modern medicine in Gabon, they turn to alternative therapies, (traditional medicine, therapeutic churches) which draw their efficiency from the consideration of the man in its entirety, from the faiths of the sick and from the symbolic value of the disease and the cure. The systematic appeal to traditional or religious therapies which often do not obey the hygienic rules of bases, are a real danger for the sick who return to hospital, for 70 % of cases, to the very advanced stages of the disease making any favourable forecast impossible. It would thus be important, for a better care, to take into account these various aspects which also participate in treatments. That is why, we propose an analysis of the personal experience of the cancerous patients in their therapeutic routes (sometimes brought into conflict) in an environment where up to here, by insisting on the trauma of the cancer as the starting point of these routes. It will be a question of even, more concretely, in a phenomenological and psychoanalytical perspective, the real-life experience of the cancer and the links (intra-psychic) were put in practice in the various therapeutic choices. This thesis brings elements of understanding of the therapeutic route of the cancer patients in Gabon. It recommends the recognition of human dimension in the offering of care and the necessity of recognizing the place of the psychology within such plan
Nguyen, Thi duong. "Les médecines traditionnelles au Viêtnam à l'époque de la colonisation française (1862-1945)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7069.
Full textIn the 19th and 20th centuries, the Western expansion in some of East Asia countries and in the world provoked deep changes in the Vietnamese society. In the period of 1862-1945, Vietnam was under the regime of the French colonization. In the field of public health and medicine, Western medicine was used officially in spite of the existence of Vietnamese medicines. How did the Vietnamese, in particular the actors who were traditionally involved in the medical assistance of the people, react to protect and develop their traditional medicines while the French colonial medical policy was established officially? What were their attitudes toward Western medicine? And do the texts produced by these Vietnamese medical practitioners bear a trace of this encounter? This dissertation, entitled “The traditional medicines in Vietnam during the French colonization (1862-1945)”, studies specifically the modalities of the encounter between Vietnamese medicines and Western medicine. To do so, this dissertation is based on a rich corpus of original sources written in French, Hán Nôm and Quốc ngữ : the French colonial archives, the imperial archives and the historical documents of Nguyen’s court, the contemporary medical literature and some specialized or general journals
Timotin, Emanuela Cristina. "Les charmes roumains manuscrits : évolution et transmission d'un savoir traditionnel aux XVIIe-XIXe siècles." Grenoble 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39004.
Full textThe author edits, translates and studies Romanian curative and protective manuscript charms written in the 17th-19th centuries, which are preserved mainly in the Romanian Academy Library archives in Bucharest. She analyses the magical and medical lore they transmit and its evolution along the manuscript tradition through an interdisciplinary study, uniting philology, history of texts and history of mentalities. The analysis develops according to the purpose of the charms (against the năjit, toothache, uterus, fever, brâncă, evil eye, aquatic demons, fairies and evil spells), focuses on the recurrent formulae and lexical elements and studies them with respect to their origin and semantics and to their reshuffling along the manuscript transmission. The study also emphasises the differences between the manuscript and oral traditions of the Romanian charms. These differences are due to the conservative character of the manuscript charms and their dependence upon the Greco-Slavonic cultural tradition
Fourcade, Patricia. "Les thériaques et les alcools de vipères dans les traditions thérapeutiques françaises." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H013.
Full textTreating the victims of viper venom poisoning as well as trying to make the best of healing properties vipers (as it is, the prevalent French species vipera aspis and vipera berus) are credited with, are both concerns existing for a long time in France. They have led to make up empirical remedies, among which theriacs and "vipers spirits" are especially remarkable. Theriacs, made of mineral, vegetal or animal substances, and even of vipers, have been used to cure snake bite. "vipers spirits", that is to say vipers (or snakes mistaken with them) macerated in spirits or in wine, are supposed to be wonder curatives and are characteristic of certain areas (Burgundy, Alps, Auvergne, for example) where they are also drunk as spirits and not only as remedies. These two categories of medication can be both noted in the official medicine (heir to the Graeco-roman antiquity) until the end of the nineteenth century, and in folk medicine, still nowadays. Differences and likenesses about these remedies can be observed between the French areas and can be considered as the result of ecological, geographical, historical and cultural factors. These old remedies, linked to folk beliefs and customs, are bound to disappear before long because of phenomena such as: the rule protecting vipers, progress made in modern therapies, and, above all, the decreasing transmission of folk knowledge in villages
Samaoli, Omar. "Pratiques traditionnelles de prise en charge des troubles mentaux au Maroc." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H028.
Full textKibongui, Raymond. "Médecine traditionnelle et politique économique de santé dans les pays en développement." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE008.
Full textThe health situation of third world countries incites one the seek a better economic health policy for those countries. One cane wonder in wath way the place occupied by traditional medicine is adapted to the intended objectives and to the means available. Can traditional medecine be on of the arguments of the policy of optimal use of the ressources in developing countries? The first part of this study analyses the opportunity of traditional medecine in third word countries particularly in African countries south of the sahara. A critical observation of the health system brings to the fore, among other things, the unfavourable impact of a complete transposition of the western health systems towards developing countries traditional medecine offers unsufficienly exploited opportunities which have the possibility to contribute to the creation of a more appropriate social health technology. The second part is devoted to the analysis of traditional medicines means of action. What are the forms of traditional medecine? Private and individual forms? (tradipractitioner) or collective ones (religious communities) but also public forms under supervision of international organizations, of states and national unionss of tradipractitioners. It is possible to consider an integration of modern medecine and traditional medecine, which by means of health personnel and of pharmacopoeia increase the opportunity and develop the effectiveness of economic health policies.
Tamarozzi-Bert, Federica. "Pratiques thermales : parcours thérapeutiques et plénitude physique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5021.
Full textShared between ancient traditions and modern health practice, contemporary hydrotherapy has become a peculiar health culture encompassing, without mutually excluding, both of these knowledges. This ethnographic work based on field studies in France (Aix-les-Bains) and in Italy (Salsomaggiore) shed light on several aspects of the use of hydrotherapy in Europe. First, the perception of one's own body and of the disease rises from both personal and social experiences. Among all available health practices, hydrotherapy is peculiar in giving a central role to its user, at the same time subject and object of both the physical and psychological aspects of the treatment. Not only he actively interacts with his therapists, but he plays a pivotal role in building and spreading the mythology and the imagination of thermal baths, which are in turn conveyed by the spa town. This becomes not just the geographical place where the therapy is held, but also and most importantly a stage to represent and legitimate a certain view of health. A final important aspect contributing to the flourishing of hydrotherapy is the treatment itself, the effectiveness of the therapeutic water, the quality of the services provided by the therapists who developed a particular relationship with illness. At the crossroads of different types of medicines, ‘ medecines savantes', popular and alternative medicine, modern hydrotherapy revealed itself as a dynamic reality whose plurality allows the use of syncretism to explain the combining of different (often contradictory) beliefs and practices
Aubut, Catherine. "Analyse organisationnelle du lien entre les programmes de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA et la tuberculose en République Démocratique Populaire Lao." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30779/30779.pdf.
Full textCreusat, Laurence. "Guérisseurs, femmes et santé en milieu urbain : une anthropologie de la médecine traditionnelle en Afrique du Sud." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20003.
Full textThis work was written from a historical point of view and aimed at studying two dynamics; the first one changes a social system, the african communities and their cultural strategies, through the second one, the field of health, made up of complex practices and representations. This work is based on a bibliographical research on the history of south africa and more precisely on its medical history, and on a field work in the townships. Traditional medicine in south africa is undergoing a transformation process which calls upon both tradition and modernity. The contemporary issues linked to the therapeutic activity are still sustained by cultural, socio-economic and political disparities
Lolonga, Débora. "Défis Africains de l'éthique biomédicale : Réflexion à partir de la prise en charge du cancer de l'enfant en Afrique de l'Ouest, dans les unités pilotes du groupe Franco Africain d'oncologie pédiatrique." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T098.
Full textBalvet, Daniel. "La pièce à conviction : approche anthropologique de l'imagerie médicale." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H054.
Full textMedical images, plastic representations of the body (in part or as a whole) are used in scientific medicine in hospitals and universities, in popular medicine, in acupuncture, in homeopathy. . . However, it has rarely been a subject for research or analysis either in the field of epistemiology or art history. On the basis of nearly 600 medical documents, in black and white and in color, it was possible to demonstrate its inventive richness and its plastic quality and to highlight its typographical peculiarities and especially its ubiguitous presence in medical theory and practice. The analysis is based mainly on the iconic signifiance and internal "physiology" rather than on the function of each model this approach gives a new dimension to themes such as medical pluralism and the often polemical relationship between science and "soft" or "parallel" methods. The various styles demonstrate the cultural and historical dimension attached to all medical models, even the most scientific. Thus, the overabundance of comtemporary scientific imagery and a certain psychoanalytical or homeopathic aniconism are used to put into question the epistemiological and anthropological status of these different medical models
Laurent, Daniel. "Essai sur la matérialité : la tradition comme épistémé des médecines populaires : point d'application : la médecine chinoise." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20009.
Full textThe starting point for this thesis is research into the foundations of popular medicine, especially Chinese popular medicine. We then consider the unconscious prejudices of modern thought concerning the concept of existence compared with traditional thought. From this initial point, and after defining the parameters of the subject in the field of sinology and by reference to standard texts, we explore the postulate and implied axioms underlying the founding notions of different traditions, principally the Chinese tradition. We arrive at a concept of being radically different from, but equally justified as, that propounded by modern thought. We go on to develop the so-called hypothesis of permanent pre-existence (or always having been), a hypothesis which has been mathematically justified by Kurt Godel. According to Godel's theorem of incompletien (1931), no thought can be the starting point of its own development. From this hypothesis, we demonstrate that, through the axioms of globality, analogy and order, revelation and initiation naturally take the place of explanation and demonstration. This hypothesis, central to the thesis, marks a radical divergence between traditional and modern thought. Popular and traditional medicines prove then to be naturally efficient, which we demonstrate in our field particularly by the role of the shaman
Correges, Déborah. "Intégrer la médecine traditionnelle à Madagascar : institutions, acteurs et plantes au prisme de la mondialisation." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0162.
Full textIn the island of Madagascar, the integration of traditional medicine, as part of State politics submitted to the OMS requirements and international pressure, raises numbers of interests and modifies the links between a whole range of powers and the local knowledges. The analysis concerning traditional medicines policy reveals, on several levels of governmentality, the mechanisms of cooperation and competition between countries of the South and of the North, also between public institutions and private laboratories, thus induced by the pharmaceutical interests of local pharmacopeia. In the national health system, the introduction of a speciality in traditional medicine and herbal medicinal products registered by the Agency of Madagascar induces processes of reinvention of traditional medicine and struggles for legitimacy between practitioners for the conquest of a new professional monopoly. Under the influence of christianism, of a globalised trade and of the presence of foreigners, industrialization in the economic sector of plants and the professionalization of farmers change the relationships between man and his environment and come with ritual adaptations. Starting from Michel De Certeau's concepts of «strategy»and «tactics», this work analyzes social change and the links with globalisation by bringing to light the gap between what must be done and what is actually being done
Avdeeff, Alexis. "Les feuilles de palme et le stylet : l'art de la prédiction astrologique chez les Valluvar du pays tamoul (Inde du Sud)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0580.
Full textIf in India astrology is primarily associated to Brahmins, in Tamil Ndu its most renowned specialists are the Valluvar, members of a caste that was long considered as untouchable. Drawing upon fieldwork conducted between 2006 and 2008 in several districts of Tamil Nadu and in the Union Territory of Pondicherry, this thesis examines the hereditary occupation and professional identity of the Valluvar astrologers in this region of South India to that effect, this study is based on the exploration and analysis of the different professional skills of these astrologers which, combined together, create what is commonly called "the Valluvar art of foretelling". Throughout this thesis the possession of a scholarly litterature and its role in the process of legitimisation of the professional identity of the Valluvar will be explored. We will also show how this knowledge is put into practice during the astrological consultation, through the study of divinatory speech and its manipulation, as well as through the therapeutic prescriptions the astrologers can aither establish or accomplish. We will then deal with the transformations of this traditional occupation through the analysis of the dynamics which today deeply affect the hereditary transmission of knowledge and skills within the specialists of the caste
Bourdy, Geneviève. "Ethnopharmacologie et vie sexuelle à Vanuatu. Etude pharmacochimique de Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum (Juss. ) Miq." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON13501.
Full textZhuang, Chuanjuan. "Protection juridique du savoir-faire traditionnel en médecine : comparaison entre le droit français et le droit chinois." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10058/document.
Full textThroughout the world and even in remote territories, and for centuries, men and women grow and share biological resources as well as knowledge which they use to practice medicine. This traditional know-how in medicine need to be protected, in particular against biopiracy and predatory patents in order to be able to develop, be valued or merely exist. To that end, in order to understand and clarify the field of possibilities, this study considers the protection of this traditional knowledge from various legal perspectives which go beyond national borders. This study first undertakes to define what a traditional know-how in medicine is and to establish a historic and legal overview. Then, it explores the protective possibilities and the pitfalls of intellectual property laws as well as the numerous existing legal openings. Among these are presented sui generis legislations and major international agreements, to the rank of which emerge the Convention on Biological Diversity (CDB) and the Nagoya Protocol, described in a heterogeneous way by several nations into their legislation. In order to achieve these conclusions, this research relied on a main thread stretched out between two iconic countries, France and China
Traoré, Fanta. "Evaluation de l'activité antipaludique de Glinus oppositifolius (L. ) Aug. D. C. , Nauclea latifolia SM. , Mitragyna inermis (Willd. ) O. Kuntze : trois plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Mali." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20664.pdf.
Full textFontanel, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude phytochimique de la Lampsane commune (Lapsana communis L. ) (Asteraceae)." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR3807.
Full textNipple-wort (Lapsana communis L. Subsp. Communis, Astéracées) belongs to plant families which have been used formerly in popular medicine in Europe. During the middle of the 20th century, it felt into oblivion. The chemical composition of these plants is poorly known. However, since the renewal interest for the vegetable patrimony and all its potential appliations, some of these plants have been studied. In the case of the Lampsana communis, the hight content of lipids, reported in 1987, has attrated our attention. Our works concerning the chemical composition of the nipple-wort have identified more than 40 products (lipids, terpenes and polyphenolics). Among them, three sesquiterpene lactone glucosides have been discovered for the first time. From our pharmacological studies, it emerges that these sesquiterpene glucosides do not have antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, their cytotoxicities were very low as those of others sesquiterpene lactone glucosides. On the other hand, an hydroxycinnamic acids standardized extract is efficient to inhibit some enzymes (elastase, hyaluronidase. . . )
Carpentier-Bogaert, Catherine. "Le culte des saints guérisseurs en Flandre : Lieux, pratiques et acteurs d'une forme traditionnelle de religiosité." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL12004.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is at one and the same time to study the evolution of the healer saint worship in flanders and try to show his specific form. In this point of view, we examine the pertinence of the idea of "folk-religion" ; we study the religious history of flanders too. We try to demonstrate the specificity of this area by studying the places, the religious observances and the actors : specific localization of sacred places, particular rites, characteristics of the saints, categories of actors (the priests and the pilgrims) and their relations
Viaud, Jean-François. "Préo[c]cupations de santé, savoir médical, et pratiques de soins sous l'Ancien Régime dans le Sud-Ouest atlantique." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30038.
Full textHealth concerns and interest in medicine were not typical of only a few privileged people under the “Ancien Régime”. In a rather poorly favored region like the Atlantic Southwest of France, they appear in a majority of first-person writings such as diaries, and in account books. Evidence is also given through purchases of medicine books that are revealed by private library inventories. Books intended for the mass and the press in general provided medicine and therapeutic notions. Thus people acquired knowledge that was useful in case of illness, often succinct, but consistent with the tenets of galenic medicine and not very changing. This knowledge was in agreement with the surgeon’s, the most present practitioner in all social groups and the first to intervene with advice and treatments. However, the patient had a certain decision-making autonomy. He treated himself, often with purgatives, using one of the recipes noted in his diary. He also used practices that were less official or rejected by the regular medicine, and, seduced by charlatans, did not hesitate to buy and use their remedies, giving credit to all therapeutic offers regardless of their nature and origin. And these offers, due to high demands, were particularly numerous. The result was a syncretism in healthcare practices which may not show a total faith in official medicine; yet, even in Atlantic Southwest of France, demonstrated an absence of resignation face to diseases and was an evidence of expectation in taking part actively in the maintenance of one’s health
Ilumbe, Bayeli Guy. "Utilisation des plantes en médecine traditionnelle par les Pygmées (Ba-Twa) et les Bantous (Ba-Oto) du territoire de Bikoro, Province de l'Equateur en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210007.
Full textUne enquête ethnobotanique sur l’utilisation des plantes en médecine traditionnelle par les bantous et les pygmées a été réalisée dans 10 villages du territoire de Bikoro, durant 11 mois. Dans chaque village, l’enquête s’est déroulée en deux étapes :la première sur les maladies soignées, les plantes et les recettes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle populaire et la seconde sur les maladies soignées, les plantes et les recettes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle spécialisée. Les informations relatives à la médecine traditionnelle populaire ont été récoltées au cours d’entretiens collectifs en utilisant un questionnaire semi-structuré, tandis que celles relatives à la médecine traditionnelle spécialisée ont été collectées au cours d’entretiens directs en utilisant le même type de questionnaire.
Au total, 133 affections sont soignées en médecine traditionnelle par les pygmées et les bantous de Bikoro. Elles font intervenir 205 espèces botaniques et 976 recettes. En médecine traditionnelle populaire, les pygmées soignent 42 affections, utilisent 73 espèces botaniques et emploient 150 recettes. Les bantous soignent 41 affections, utilisent 62 espèces botaniques et 128 recettes. En médecine traditionnelle spécialisée, les pygmées soignent 54 affections, utilisent 74 espèces botaniques et 151 recettes. Les spécialistes bantous soignent 119 affections, utilisent 185 espèces botaniques et 704 recettes.
En médecine traditionnelle populaire de Bikoro, les bantous et les pygmées utilisent souvent les mêmes organes végétaux, les mêmes modes de préparation des drogues et les mêmes modes d’administration de recettes. Ils soignent en général les mêmes maladies. Les différences s’observent au niveau des plantes utilisées et des recettes préparées par chaque communauté. Si les pygmées Twa et leurs voisins Oto utilisent les mêmes organes des plantes et emploient les mêmes modes de préparation et d’administration de recettes en médecine traditionnelle spécialisée, il existe une différence significative entre les maladies soignées, les plantes utilisées et les recettes préparées par ces deux communautés.
Cette étude a permis de caractériser le territoire de Bikoro concernant son recours à la médecine traditionnelle et a mis en évidence l’existence des flux d’utilisations des plantes entre la médecine traditionnelle populaire (bantoue et pygmée) et la médecine traditionnelle spécialisée (bantoue et pygmée).
Mots clés :Plantes, Médecine traditionnelle populaire, Médecine traditionnelle spécialisée, Bantous, Pygmées, Bikoro.
Abstract
In the Democratic republic of Congo, the national economic crisis, the devaluation of the Congolese franc and the wars of the last decades involved an increasing dependence of the populations of the cities and rural areas with respect to traditional medicine. Two types of traditional medicines are practiced by the bantus (Oto) and the pygmies (Twa) of Bikoro. Popular traditional medicine, that is to say the one known to the majority of the village population, and specialized traditional medicine, which is only practiced by specialists (Healers).
An ethnobotanic investigation on plant use in traditional medicine by the Bantus and the pygmies was carried out in 10 villages of the territory of Bikoro, during 11 months. In each village, the investigation proceeded in two stages: the first concerning the treated diseases, as well as the plants and the recipes used in popular traditional medicine and the second concerning the treated on the looked after diseases, as well as the plants and the recipes used in specialized traditional medicine. The information relative to popular traditional medicine were collected during collective meetings with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire, while those relating to specialized traditional medicine were collected during direct interviews with the same type of questionnaire.
On the whole, 133 affections are treated in traditional medicine by the pygmies and the Bantu of Bikoro. They make use of 205 botanical species and 976 recipes. In popular traditional medicine, the pygmies Twa address 42 affections, use 73 botanical species and employ 150 recipes. The Bantu (Oto) address 41 affections use 62 botanical species and 128 recipes. In specialized traditional medicine, the pygmies address 54 affections, use 74 botanical species and 151 recipes. The specialists Bantu address 119 affections use 185 botanical species and 704 recipes.
In the Bikoro region, both Bantus (Oto) and pygmies (Twa) do use the same plant parts, the same modes of preparing drogues and the same processes of administering drogues in their respective popular traditional medicine. There are differences in plant species used and drogue types prepared by each community. If the Twa pygmies and their neighbors Oto use the plant parts and the same processes in administering drogues in their specialized medical practices, there is, nevertheless, a significant difference between types of treated diseases, utilized plant species and prepared drogues between the two communities.
This study made possible the characterization of the territory of Bikoro concerning its recourse to traditional medicine and highlighted the existence of flows of plant uses between popular traditional medicine (bantu and pygmy) and specialized traditional medicine (bantu and pygmy).
Key words: Plants, popular traditional Medicine, specialized traditional Medicine, Bantus, Pygmies, Bikoro.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Clément, Raphaël. "L' hôtel-Dieu de Rouen : 1768-1781 : étude stratigraphique d'une institution charitable de l'Ancien Régime." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070022.
Full textThe objective of this study is to analyse the history of a great hospital in a major provincial city some years before Revolution. This institution is particular due to its therapeutical orientation completed by a maternity. The thesis is separate into three distinct parts : In the first part, there is a presentation of the structure of institution followed by the studying of the reforms implemented during the period and five major conflicts. In the second part, we deal with the financial aspects (resources and expenses) and we tell the story of financial adventures of the Hôtel-Dieu. The third and final part is about sanitary and social profile of ill people and pregnant women who come to the Hôtel-Dieu. Examination of the vital records and the studies written by physicians of the time and their successors make possible to do this profile. In addition to this study, in the annexes, we made biographies of the main persons
Kane, Hélène. "Négocier la guérison du petit malade : configurations d’enfance et accessibilité des soins à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0643.
Full textDespite the wide array of medical facilities in Nouakchott, access to healthcare and treatment for child patients constitutes a major public health issue. Rather than measuring the respective importance of a predetermined series of factors, the anthropological approach focuses on the sociocultural settings which affect access to care. The environments in which children evolve over the course of their illness must be understood both at a local and a global level. In this perspective, this dissertation outlines the cases of about twenty sick children, documented through interviews with the children and their parents. Complementary to these, interviews with grandmothers, an ethnography of urban therapeutic pluralism and formalized observations in pediatric wards were also conducted. The identification of children’s illnesses, formulated from popular knowledge associated with mothering practices and nosological representations, is studied among the Haal Pulaar. Conjugal models and kinship relations permit composite variations between urban and rural environments, as well as those of affluence or of poverty. These different family configurations not only affect the children’s possibility to express themselves about their ailments or pain, but also the decisional power of the mothers when seeking care. We then consider how the families evolve within spaces of therapeutic pluralism, perceiving healthcare options through the prism of their experience and their mobility. The unequal distribution of the medical offer, its lack of control and transparency, contribute to the isolation of certain children, who are limited to informal, underqualified home care. Finally, we examine the healthcare in pediatric wards where admission does not necessarily ensure systematic healthcare and treatment delivery. The cost of medical acts and treatment, operational norms and procedures, and the organization of medical work form a discriminating and selective framework for care. Confronted with the difficulties to access care, using their economic and social resources, family members and relatives strive to negotiate the therapeutic itinerary of their child. The analysis of the singular and temporary trajectories that result from these negotiations will elucidate the construction of social inequalities of health and healthcare
Rossignol, Brigitte. "Le livre médical et la thérapeutique à Lyon au XVIe siècle." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO3A009.
Full textFoutse, Yimta. "Enquête ethnobotanique sur les plantes médicinales utilisées dans la région de l'ouest Cameroun : étude phytochimique et pharmacologique d'Afzelia africana J.E. Smith ex Pers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0589/document.
Full textEthnobotanical surveys were carried out from 2009 to 2014, in four divisions located in the western region of Cameroon. One method was used to collect the data. The evolution on the ground. Finally 561 plants were collected. Among the plants listed, four were selected: Terminalia avicennioides, Crossopterix febrifuga, Vitellaria paradoxa and Afzelia africana. The extracts were prepared from the stem bark of selected plants in the presence of solvents of increasing polarity (CH2Cl2, MeOH and MeOH/H2O). Anti-inflammatory activity was observed for MeOH/H2O extracts and decoctions of C. febrifuga, T. avicennioides and V. paradoxa with inhibition of NO production more than 60% at 10 μg/ml. All extracts of A. africana showed significant inhibition of NO production > 80%, indicating a high anti-inflammatory activity. On the basis of these results and given the fact that few studies had been carried out, Afzelia africana was chosen for the further work. From the methanol extract of A. africana, 13 compounds have been isolated and identified: 9 flavonoids and derivatives ( dihydrokaempferol, kaempferol-neohesperidoside-7-O rhamnoside, 2R,3R-trans-aromadendrin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranose-6″-(4‴-hydroxy-2‴-méthylènebutanoate), taxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, sinensine, isosinensine, luteolin, catechin and dunnianoside D). 4 lignans ( lyoniside, nudiposide, ssiorisid and : trans -dihydrodehydroconiferyl alcohol).All these compounds are isolated for the first time in the stem bark of Afzelia africana.Due to the high anti-inflammatory activity of the decoction an initial development of the decoction was considered with the development of an anti-inflammatory gel for local application
Calcagni, Nicolas. "L’évaluation des prises en charge non-médicamenteuses dans le cadre d’affections chroniques. Etudes interventionnelles basées sur des Protocoles Expérimentaux à Cas Unique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0222.
Full textToday, Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs), and other procedures that may be associated with them (Traditional Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine), are of a preponderance that should not be underestimated in the perspective of integrative health. A robust scientific evaluation is necessary to sort out the harmful or inefficient practices from those that show real benefits. In this field, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reign supreme, but their intrinsic limitations are debatable. Through a systematic review of the literature focusing on manipulative and body-based practices as supportive care in cancer, we confirmed the difficulty of RCTs to infer a definitive decision. We then presented a different and little-taught intervention method, the single-case experimental design (SCED) and illustrated them through four studies in various health topics for the evaluation of different NPIs (Parkinson's Disease and Serious Game, Musical Intervention in Palliative Care, Hypnosis and Renal Disease, and Shiatsu and Painful Menstruations). These studies reported interesting results and provided an opportunity to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this method. We then argued in favor of its use given its legitimate experimental principles and its adequacy with evidence-based practice. Finally, the low quality of the studies we conducted gave us an opportunity to propose a list of recommendations and pitfalls to consider when using SCED
Foe, Ndi Christophe. "La mise en oeuvre du droit à la santé au Cameroun." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG2064.
Full textThe State of Cameroon has ratified numerous international instruments to guarantee the rightto health of its people. Further, it has created institutions with the aim of making this righteffective. Even though some gaps can still be observed between international norms andlegislative as well as administrative measures taken at the national level, the task now is toevaluate the capability of these national measures together with that of the institutionscharged with implementing them, in ensuring efficacy in the realization of the right to health.This approach therefore leads us to question the guarantee of this right no more in terms ofeffectiveness of norms and institutions, but rather in terms of their efficacy in preventinginfringements to the health of people.The efficacy-approach adopted in this evaluation brings us to acknowledge the fact that legaland non-legal mechanisms contribute in a relative manner in the guarantee of the right tohealth. However, the evaluation of the strategies and actions taken at the national level leadsto the conclusion that there still exists in various aspects, huge gaps with internationalstandards laid down in order to fully implement the right to health. Thus, it flows from whathas been mentioned above that even though the legal and institutional framework regardingthe right to health is rich, the State of Cameroon nevertheless does not succeed in protectingwith efficacy the health of its populations. To overcome this problem, some reforms arenecessary in the Cameroonian health system.Firstly, the Cameroonian health system needs to adopt a proactive rather than only a reactiveapproach in designing measures aimed at protecting people’s health. In addition, this systemshould take more into consideration health determinants, thus including the preventivedimension, and not only relying on the curative dimension of health’s protection. Secondly, itseems nowadays essential to put in place universal health coverage in order to fight againstthe exclusion of poor and vulnerable people. In the same vein of ensuring people’saccessibility to health care services, the integration of traditional medicine in the Cameroonianhealth system will deeply contribute to the reduction of medical deserts and to reduce thecosts of health services
Nguyen, Xuân Minh Ài. "Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of two Vietnamese traditional plants : Medinilla septentrionalis (W.W.SM.) H.L. Li and Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0519.
Full textThe present study was conducted to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by K’Ho people who reside at BiDoup-Núi Bà National Park, Lâm Đồng Province, Vietnam. An ethnobotanical survey from 2013 to 2015 was carried out with 139 local people from three K’Ho villages, including 12 key informants who are knowledgeable in medicinal plants and 127 non-specialist informants. From 133 medicinal plants obtained through the survey, two potential plants were chosen for further studies. Medinilla septentrionalis (Melastomataceae) is traditionally used for cough and diarrhea. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on 16 crude extracts obtained from sprout, stem, leaves and aerial parts of the plant with different solvents. At the same time, their bioactivities were also evaluated. Dichloromethane extract of stem and methanol extract of sprout exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity were chosen for bioguided fractionation. Alpha-amyrin was isolated from dichloromethane extract of stem. Four compounds, including vescalagin, castalagin, methylvescalagin and protocatechoic acid, were purified from methanol extract of sprout.Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Podocarpaceae) is used for the treatment of diarrhea, cough and itching by local people. Sixteen crude extracts obtained from wood, bark, leaves and aerial parts with different solvents were subjected to preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Aqueous extract of wood was chosen for the next bioguided fractionation, from which 3-O--D-Glucopyranosyl--sitosterol was isolated. Moreover, two alkaloids obtained from the aerial parts were identified as sanjoinine A and scutianine C