Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médecine traditionnelle'
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Espouy, Martine. "Troubles de l'esprit en médecine traditionnelle chinoise." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11277.
Full textMeyer, Jean-Martin. "Médecine traditionnelle du Sundgau d'hier et d'aujourd'hui." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M073.
Full textAumon, Parque Patricia. "Abord clinique du patient en médecine traditionnelle chinoise." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT134M.
Full textDidier, Pierrine. "Médecine traditionnelle et "médecine intégrative" à Madagascar : entre décisions internationales et applications locales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0145/document.
Full textFollowing the WHO recommendations made in the late 1970s, many countries in Africahave implemented dynamics of recognition of traditional medicine and traditionalhealers. This dissertation focuses on the development of « integrative medicine » inMadagascar, consisting in its integration into the formal and conventional health caresystem. This development project, focusing on improving population's public health,requires a double evaluation: a social evaluation with the supervision of traditionalhealers' practices and a therapeutic evaluation with research on medicinal plants anddevelopment of improved traditional remedies. This research is the result of amethodological approach based on multi-located fieldworks conducted in the Malagasycapital and its surroundings and an ethnography of a rural town in the Analanjiroforegion (east coast of Madagascar). On one side, this approach focuses on the attempts ofapplication of political decisions regarding the supervision of traditional medicine andon the other side, on the real practice of traditional care as well as on individual andcommunal behaviours when facing disease, sickness, illness and misfortunes withextended case studies. This thesis contributes to the anthropology of health with a focuson political and developmental dynamics. A special emphasis is placed on the nature ofcohabitation existing between practitioners (doctors and traditional healers) going froma simple referencing of patients to a rare collaboration. This study tends to highlight thepossible gap between government decisions and local applications as well as theresulting social, political and economic issues
Wanichalaksa, Ratrie Marukatat. "La médecine traditionnelle populaire de l'Issan (Thai͏̈lande) et ses rapports avec la médecine moderne." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0051.
Full textThai folk medecine of the phak issan (in north-east of thailand) is one of herbal medecine practiced, by simple villagers who acquired their knowledge through transmission by the local community or by specialists who acquired a special knowledge through a "teacher". Thai folk medecine at the same time associates animistic beleifs with bouddhist tradition, through magico-religious rituals performed by a "therapeute". The villagers of region today have the choice of two different therapeutic methods : the traditional and the modern. The choice of the therapeute is made according to the local perception of disease. Although herbal medecine has not been institutionalized in the hospitals, it remains very much alive among villagers
Ezembé, Ferdinand. "Représentations comparées de la relation thérapeutique : explication du processus de guérison en médecine moderne et en médecine traditionnelle par les médecins européens et les médecins africains." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100071.
Full textThe hypothesis of this research is that, in spite of their common scientific, medical cursus, African and European doctors have a different representation of the therapeutic relation. In other terms, their appreciation of the importance of cognitive, socio-emotional and behavior factors in the healing process in both modern and traditional medecine depends more on their social, cultural background than on rational medical ideology. The results show that European doctors give more importance to socio-emotional factors in the healing process in traditional medecine whereas African doctors emphasis on the importance of those factors in the healing process in modern medecine. We can conclude that we are in face of a crossed representation of a therapeutic relation
Atche, Djidjoho. "Médecine traditionnelle et médecine moderne : pratiques et enjeux de la scarification au Sud du Bénin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2024/UEFL-2024/TH2024UEFL2007.pdf.
Full textTherapeutic scarification is a widespread practice in Benin, particularly in southern Benin, where it is used to prevent and often even cure certain diseases. Despite its many therapeutic virtues, it is rejected by conventional medicine, which sees it as a fraud or even charlatanism. The seal of secrecy that underpins some of its practices does it a disservice. This raises the question of the value of therapeutic scarification in view of its popularity in southern Benin and the problems it entails. Unquestionably, this practice is perceived by some as irrational and dangerous, even though it is a form of rationality that can be valorized to strengthen therapeutic systems. Two therapeutic rationalities (modern and traditional) therefore theoretically appear to be mutually exclusive, and this is detrimental to the progress of medicine in general. Modern medicine isn't everywhere; it doesn't have the solution to everything, wherever it is. The same is true of traditional medicine. Be that as it may, the practice of traditional therapeutic scarification prevents and cures illnesses, but it poses problems of medical ethics and bioethics and needs to be reorganized, assisted, supervised and, why not, introduced into training schools, hospitals in general and those in Benin in particular
Tamby, Indira. "De la médecine traditionnelle indienne : de l'Antiquité au Moyen-âge." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11261.
Full textAtin, Oria. "Place et signification de la pharmacopée dans la médecine traditionnelle lobi." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR21013.
Full textBy way of introduction let us give a brief review of the background to this question. The first thing that needs to be said is that on the map, the lobi land is situated between latitude 9-11 north and between 2. 30-4 latitude west. It would be universally acknowlodged that it is shared out among Ghana - Ivory Coast - Burkina Faso. In their social organization it is obvious to every one that the great domestical subdivision can be distinguished by their identification with a tree or a plant. We can assert that the human references from the differences which can be found in the vegetal species. We must also remember that their food is made of plants and they use plants in order to cure an evil. There is no denying that plant have found a great place not only in social, economical organization and subsistence but also in their medicines. Everything leads one to the conclusion on that. There are two aspects in the traditional medicine. One might offer a slight clarification here. There is a concrete aspect which is visible; perceptible and palpable: the "drug" and the ritual. It is well worth noting that the drug is not supposed to contain in its materiality the necessary medical effectiveness. The most determining element is the ritual and the symbolic elements. There is not the slightest doubt that if we add to the material aspect the ritual and symbolic elements we can obtain a medicine supposed to have the necessary effectiveness
Dembélé, Salifou. "Recherche sur la réglementation de la médecine traditionnelle en Afrique noire." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40010.
Full textShould african traditional medicine be regulated ? The main question underlying this work resides in the misfortune of "modern medicines" on account of their cost, their geographical inaccessibility and more generally the difficulties in introducing them into sociocultural contexts which are ill-suited to receive them. Confronted by this misfortune, the international authorities force developing countries to turn towards endogenous health developement, particularly projects concerning primary health care and yhe use of traditional medicines. However, resorting to such methods assumes the parallel development of a legal framework adapted to ensure their coherence and effectiveness. Thus, as regards traditional medicine, which has benefitted from renewed interest in relation to the policy of primary health-care, especially since the devaluation of the cfa franc, the law is expected to permit the setting up of health-care which is both danger-free and accessible to the population, by combining the asset constituted by the age-old immersion of these methods in local cultures with the establishment of professional guarantees. Even if the legibility of present regulations seems insufficient, they constitute, nevertheless, an effective method of fighting against bogus practices. The refinement of these regulations presupposes a harmonisation of national health policies which would take the place of the procrastination which has been displayed for so long by the african states
Michet, Bernard. "Psychopathologie et médecine traditionnelle chinoise : essai pour une recherche d'analogie comparée de la psychogenèse freudienne et de la psychopathologie occidentale aux bases conceptuelles de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE2040.
Full textPolygenis, Marie-José. "Recherches ethnopharmacognosiques sur les plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Burundi occidental." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213193.
Full textKibongui, Raymond. "Médecine traditionnelle et politique économique de santé dans les pays en développement." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE008.
Full textThe health situation of third world countries incites one the seek a better economic health policy for those countries. One cane wonder in wath way the place occupied by traditional medicine is adapted to the intended objectives and to the means available. Can traditional medecine be on of the arguments of the policy of optimal use of the ressources in developing countries? The first part of this study analyses the opportunity of traditional medecine in third word countries particularly in African countries south of the sahara. A critical observation of the health system brings to the fore, among other things, the unfavourable impact of a complete transposition of the western health systems towards developing countries traditional medecine offers unsufficienly exploited opportunities which have the possibility to contribute to the creation of a more appropriate social health technology. The second part is devoted to the analysis of traditional medicines means of action. What are the forms of traditional medecine? Private and individual forms? (tradipractitioner) or collective ones (religious communities) but also public forms under supervision of international organizations, of states and national unionss of tradipractitioners. It is possible to consider an integration of modern medecine and traditional medecine, which by means of health personnel and of pharmacopoeia increase the opportunity and develop the effectiveness of economic health policies.
Hout, Sotheara. "Etude pharmacologique de l'activité antipaludique de plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Cambodge." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22951.
Full textEssome, Dieu ne Dort Emmanuel. "Être malade : essai sur la problématique de la médecine traditionnelle au Sud-Cameroun." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010703.
Full textBeing ill does not mean only an alteration of the accepted norm of health; indeed somebody can stand out of the norm without being ill. The meaning of illness raises the issue of what its understood by normality. With occidental medicine for instance, illness is defined as the result of the breaking of dysfunctioning of a normal organ. Contrary of this conception of occidental medicine, an according toblack african beliefs, illness is a deliberately caused disorder. The central issue lies in this notion of causality. Nothing is determined and decided. However efficient this latter might be, it is worth noticing that the prescriptions are given orally and that dosages and objective means of checking the results do not exist. The african medicine puts the emphasis on the practical aspect of illness, not on concepts. So the question raised here is whether african medicine can evolve to become more scientific. I tried to show how the contemporary black africans will have to practice "ethnopharmacognosy" within specific ethnic groups, in order to gather samples of the substances in use, to identify and test them. Only after such an attempt will traditional medicine be in a position to be considered as being part of the scientific world
Villaseñor, Bayardo Sergio Javier. "Vers une ethnopsychiatrie mexicaine : la médecine traditionnelle dans une communauté nahua du Guerrero." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0061.
Full textThe ethnical group chosen for this research is the nahua with 1200 000 people -the largest indian group- speaking that language. It contains a synthetic description of the basic concepts and the historical outline of ethnopsychiatrics, as well as some ethnical troubles. It also includes, the prehispanic nahua cosmovision and the nahua's medicine in the prehispanic and colonial period. Special attention is given to health and disease concepts and also to the vital entities (tonalli, teyolia and ihiyotl), to etiology, disease diagnosis and treatment. The author underlines the importance of nagualismo and the continuation of nahuatlite (nahua traditions in midle-america). This research took place in the nahua population of xalitla, in the region of alto balsas, in guerrero. Interviews given by tepatiani show the distinctive stages of each traditional therapist initiation, as well as, their diagnosis and treatment methods. Thus, the complexity of population's itineraries and therapeutical rituals it's also described. The native nosology includes the following diseases: the susto or onomujti, the coacihuiztli, the topontli, the tetlanonoxilia or cochinada, the bad eye, the tlacoyocoya, alcoholism and some peculiar naguales and children diseases. Actually, the inhabitants of alto balsas think that there are domestic or diabolic diseases and the natural ones. Physicians are not capable to cure the domestic diseases due to their sorcery etiology. Psychopathological behavior is linked to domestic diseases. Precolombian cosmology and believe's syncretism spring up at the moment of the community answer to domestic diseases. The author collects some actual clasification versions of aires. Thus, diseases keep a close link with nocive emanations, jealousy and malos aires or bad spirits. In conclusion, the work achieved allows to notice that now a days in the nahua's comunities of alto balsas, the diagnosis and therapy methods of nahua's prehispanic medecine continues, they're richer and metamorphosed in addition or reluctancy of what we call modern medicine
Kamgoui, Victorine. "Contribution à l'étude des aspects juridiques de la médecine traditionnelle : l'exemple du Cameroun." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082237.
Full textTraditional medecine has been a millenary practice in Cameroon, having produced proofs of its efficiency. While it has been disconsidered for a while against modern medicine, its popularity has known considerable success recently, with the pauperization of the population. The exercise of this activity produces juridical relations between the tradipratitioner and his patient. Such a relation is liable to undergo multiple juridical incidents. This activity must be apprehended in reference to the concepts of common law, considering that the rules of medical law are nothing but a particular application of common law to this domain. The attempt to qualify the relation tying the tradipratitioner to the patient who consults him has revealed all its complexity. Facing certain practices, devoid of any therapeutical interest, it is necessary to pursue the repression of illegitimate activities and to obtain reparation for the incidents they have produced
Mvone-Ndong, Simon-Pierre Ezéchiel. "Médecine traditionnelle entre rationalité et spiritualité : réflexion éthique et épistémologique sur l'approche africaine de la médecine : le cas du Gabon." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_mvone_ndong_s.pdf.
Full textWome, Bokemo. "Recherches ethnopharmacognosiques sur les plantes médicinales utilisées en médecine traditionnelle à Kisangani(Haut-Zaïre)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213622.
Full textBernege-Cuirassier, Claire. "Les douleurs référées et les muscles des méridiens : apport de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25031.
Full textVo, Thi Thuong. "Médecine traditionnelle, rites et thérapeutique chez les Tai͏̈ de Mai Châu (Hoa binh, Vietnam)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100050.
Full textThe Tai͏̈ of Mai chau (Hoà Binh, Vietnam) belong linguistically and ethnographically to the Tai͏̈ Dèng group. Like other branches of Tai͏̈ in Vietnam,i,d, the Tai͏̈ Dam or the Black Tai͏̈, the Tai͏̈ Khao or the White Tai͏̈; and the Tai͏̈ Yo, they are not adherents of Buddhism, share however the common belief in supernatural powers. This dissertation, whose aim is to ethnologically study the medical practice at Mai Chau, is organized into six chapters. The first chapter deals with an area which practices valley rice culture, surrounded by limestone mountains and its population with the Tai͏̈ as a major group. The second describes the cosmology and concepts of the huaman body unfair which supernatural powers intervene. The third chapter describes the ritual specialists, who are very much popular among the villagers, both as ritual officers and healers. The fourth chapter discusses the various rituals as treament techniques, both individually and with the family. . . The fifth chapter discusses must specifically about herb treatment and also about herbalists. The sixth chapter is a general survey on the modern medical practice as they are really lived. .
Duan, Mian Sheng. "Intérêt de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise dans l'approche du diabète sucré : aspects théoriques et pratiques." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA132043.
Full textNicolas, Jean-Pierre. "Pharmacopée traditionnelle des Maya K'iché : étude ethnopharmacologique et système de classification indigène." Paris, EPHE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPHE5015.
Full textFavier, de Coulomb Annelise. "Les relations entre la médecine traditionnelle et la médecine moderne dans une communauté maya du Yucatan (Mexique) à travers l'exemple de l'accouchement." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030114.
Full textWE CHOOSED A COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTH OF YUCATAN (MEXICO) IN THE MAYA AREA. THE COMMUNITY IS CALLED ICHMUL. WE WANTED TO STUDY THE WAYS THE PEOPLE USE TO CURE. SO THIS COMMUNITY HAB BEEN CHOOSEN BECAUSE OF THE DOUBLE PRESENCE OF MODERN AND TRADITIONNAL MEDeCINE. WE STUDIED PARTICULARLY THE WAYS OF DELIVERING. THE TRADITIONNAL BIRTH ATENDANTS ARE FORMED TO THE NEWS TECHNIQUES THROUGH SESSION OF FORMATION THAT LASTED ONE WEEK OR FEW DAYS. THEN THEY WORK IN THEIR VILLAGE COOPERATING WITH THE DOCTOR (OR THE NURSE) THROUGH THE RURAL CLINIC CALLED"CHINICA" IN YUCATAN WHICH IS A PARTICULAR VERSION OF THE PRIMARY HELTH CENTERS. THOSE PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS WORKS WITH THE TRADITIONNAL PATRICIANS, AND ALSO WITH THE COMUNITY THROUGH THE COMUNITY PARTICIPATION. WE WANTED TO UNDERSTAND WHY, IN SPITE OF THE PRESENCE OF THE "CLINICA" THE PEOPLE STILL DECIDE TO DELIVER AT HOME, WITH A TRADITIONNAL BIRTH ATTENDANT. THIS WORK TRIES TO SHOW THE FORMATION OF THE TRDITIONNAL BIRTH ATTENDANT HAVE AN INFLUENCE AMONG THE GROUPE, AND PARTICULARLY ON THE BIRTH RITUAL
Correges, Déborah. "Intégrer la médecine traditionnelle à Madagascar : institutions, acteurs et plantes au prisme de la mondialisation." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0162.
Full textIn the island of Madagascar, the integration of traditional medicine, as part of State politics submitted to the OMS requirements and international pressure, raises numbers of interests and modifies the links between a whole range of powers and the local knowledges. The analysis concerning traditional medicines policy reveals, on several levels of governmentality, the mechanisms of cooperation and competition between countries of the South and of the North, also between public institutions and private laboratories, thus induced by the pharmaceutical interests of local pharmacopeia. In the national health system, the introduction of a speciality in traditional medicine and herbal medicinal products registered by the Agency of Madagascar induces processes of reinvention of traditional medicine and struggles for legitimacy between practitioners for the conquest of a new professional monopoly. Under the influence of christianism, of a globalised trade and of the presence of foreigners, industrialization in the economic sector of plants and the professionalization of farmers change the relationships between man and his environment and come with ritual adaptations. Starting from Michel De Certeau's concepts of «strategy»and «tactics», this work analyzes social change and the links with globalisation by bringing to light the gap between what must be done and what is actually being done
Kalis, Simone. "Manières de dire, manières de faire dans la médecine traditionnelle des Seereer Siin du Sénégal." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR20021.
Full textIn the seereer culture, illness is regarded as an upset in the balance of microcosm (man) and macrocosm (society and the world at large). It is closely connected with troubles in the cultural and social fields and thus requires some explaining. The quest for meaning and the interpretation of the causes are considered in a holistic way. Traditional medecine focuses on a double set of forces: those of destruction that prompt the aggressor ( man, ancestor or evil spirit ) and those of regeneration that the therapist brings to bear through the ancestors. A favourable development will be interpreted in terms of neutralising the aggressive powers. The aim of therapeutic strategies is not only to eradicate misfortunes but to make events understandable and meaningful as well. A traditional practioner's skills require a specific knowledge provided by training and initiation. His power is linked to that of the ancestors and genii that will direct and enhance his. The healer is the mediator of sacred forces that he rallies and harnesses. The purpose of any disease prevention or treatment is to start a harmonious relationship or to restore strained links between the patient and other people, ancestors and genii
Sanou, Martin. "Développement d'une méthode de communication entre la médecine traditionnelle et la médecine conventionnelle dans la prise en charge de la douleur en odontologie." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=8f0df508-439d-4e8f-b8a1-fa2ea9fcba63.
Full textObjective: to develop a method of communication between traditional medicine and conventional medicine in the management of pain in dentistry in order to facilitate communication between health actors in the WHO strategies for the integration of traditional medicine. Materials and methods: From 30 technical or advertising papers of healers, we extracted information models, candidate terms and terminologies candidate by knowledge engineering and terminology research procedures. Moreover, a traditional model of pain management was developed. Then, we studied the ability of actors in a conventional care system to use the knowledge and models of healers. Two surveys were conducted at the dental care center and dentists from the region of Nantes. Results: communication between traditional medicine and conventional medicine depends on the capacity of each actor to integrate health concepts and therapeutic models of the two medicines. Patients, dentists and healers communicate with popular terminology sometimes consist of indexed terms. However, there is no guarantee that the traditional healers, patients and doctors have mastered the medicinal challenges of biomedical words. Conclusion: we have thus defined the Associated Medicine, a new concept of public health. It studied the ability of a health care system and its actors to associate with a biomedical concept in order to prevent and manage health and socioeconomic risks
Le, Thanh Tu. "L’étude comparative de l’encadrement juridique de la médecine traditionnelle au Vietnam, au Cambodge et au Laos." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0119.
Full textIn the three former Indochinese countries, Vietnam, Cambodia and PDR Lao, traditional medicine success is growing among the population. Recognizing the importance of traditional medicine, the three governments have recognized and integrated it in a different way into the national health care system. The legal framework of this millennial medicine differs from one country to another. Traditional medicine legislation in Cambodia remains particularly weak. Moreover, many problems persist and threaten the preservation and development of this precious heritage. With the help of international partners, the three ASEAN governments are trying to strengthen the legal framework for their traditional medicines and pharmacopoeias
Diallo, Boubacar. "La médecine traditionnelle peut-elle être un facteur de politique de santé dans les pays africains?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0064.
Full textSince my first times as a medical in Europe. I have been asking myself many questions about traditional african medicine. As a medical specialist, I could not imagine curing patients except within modern scientific medicine. The study of the myths that founded the traditional african societies, enable us to have a better understanding their medical practices. Gradually, i have come to compare the practices of the "ngangas"(traditional doctor) with those the european doctors, bound by strict ethical rules. From this confrontation, medical as well as philosophical and ethical, we can take hold of a few elements aiming at modernizing traditional medicine so as to make it able to enter in a health policy that would be secure to the patients and much more accessible to african countries still poor
Ella, Steeve. "Enjeux éthiques de la fin de vie dans la médecine moderne et traditionnelle : cas du Gabon." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712688.
Full textLoubeyre, Jean Baptiste. "Les chemins cachés : interactions entre pratique traditionnelle et médecine moderne : l'exemple du chamanisme tamang au Népal." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H026.
Full textBertani, Stéphane. "Simalikalactone D : molécule issue de la pharmacopée traditionnelle amazonienne, activité antipaludique d'action." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066147.
Full textHuguet, Gérard. "La médecine indienne traditionnelle et la fin de la vie : considérations éthiques et médicales, intérêt pratique actuel." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M075.
Full textLebos, Simon-Pierre. "Visage de la médecine générale à la Martinique." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M001.
Full textBoucher, Nathalie. "Représentation du corps et médecine traditionnelle au Maroc (étude de cas chez les Chleuh de l'Anti-Atlas)." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHESA001.
Full textFrom a combined approach of the anthropology of illness and of anthropology of the body, the author enter upon illness through the body's study and its representations among the ait youssef of the anti-atlas, a taselhit speaking group. Having noticed that: 1) it exists an ethnographic emptiness concerning body in the maghreb culture, 2) the traditional medicine was more often than not reduced to a 'magico-religious' character, 3) the importance of body in the berber language (especially by use of 'corporemes') as in the culture of maghreb, the author propose a new lecture of illness by 'giving a body' to the anthropological field of illness. After a presentation of methodology, of the ait youssef group, and the theoretical approach, representations of the body and the person are analysed. To which concept refers the body in the berber culture, how is it perceived are discussed matters in order to point the relevance of 'body' as a 'theoretical tool' for an anthropological analysis of illness. This first interrogation leads the author to evoke the notion of person, linked to that of body, its components. The 'un-completion' postulated of body and person in the berber culture needs an approach of the social construction of body and person through rites marking out the life cycle. From theses analysis comes out a principle : the sexed symbolic logic which sets the body, its materiality at the feminine side. The body in its materiality as the body of circumstances (death, illness) is at the women side. Women occupy a central position in the conduct of suffering body. The idea of a 'living-body', of a 'threshold-body', put as unclosed, opened to the outside by traditional thought is prominent. This body on account of its 'nature' is vulnerable. The third part of this study approach the body and illness, the getting up of the body and how it is staked in nosology and aetiology of illness, in the therapeutic practices and the incidence of representations of body and person in the therapeutic course and the resort to hospital. To conclude, the relations between body, woman and society are developed
Wang, Dingkun. "Étude de médicaments botaniques de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise pour la croissance des cellules endothéliales et l'angiogenèse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30260.
Full textBotanic drugs including those used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have a long history of treating cardiovascular diseases, of which endothelial dysfunction is well established as a risk factor. In literature there exist extensive reports about the clinic and healthy benefits of botanic drugs or preparations to the cardiovascular system. Botanic drugs particularly those with potent antioxidative capacity have also been reported to protect endothelial cells (EC) in culture against free radicals and oxidants. However, there is little research about botanic drugs in the context of wound healing and tissue regeneration. This thesis studied four botanic drugs recorded in TCM to explore their effects on vascular EC growth and angiogenesis, two events actively involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration. In the first part of the thesis, human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in the presence of different doses of astragalus powder extract, astragalus injection, puerarin injection, and proanthocyanidin. Among the four drugs, proanthocyanidin showed a potent effect on cell viability and stimulated cell growth in a dose dependent manner. Outside the effective dose range proanthocyanidin was either ineffective or cytotoxic. Importantly, the proanthocyanidin under test was able to maintain a cell viability comparable with the cells supplemented with the commercially available EC growth medium at both low and normal serum conditions, which suggests the potential of proanthocyanidin as an EC growth stimulator and an angiogenic reagent. In the second part of the thesis, mechanistic studies were performed by blocking both endothelial cell growth factor receptors (VEGFR) and epithelial cell growth factor receptors (EGFR). However, the blockers were ineffective in reducing the stimulatory effect of proanthocyanidin on EC. Therefore it is concluded that proanthocyanidin stimulates EC growth through membrane receptors other than VEGFR and EGFR. In the third part of the thesis, it was shown that proanthocyanidin could be loaded into polyvinyl alcohol cryogel and then released from the gel at a concentration within the effective dose window. This demonstrated the feasibility of drug releasing of proanthocyanidin. Finally, the angiogenic property of proanthocyanidin was tested in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, showing that this botanic drug was capable of stimulating vasculature development. Preliminary data in rat subcutaneous model also support the angiogenic potential of proanthocyanidin. This thesis therefore demonstrated for the first time that proanthocyanidin was capable of modulating the activity of human EC and in particular upregulating EC activity and growth in the absence of growth factors, and that proanthocyanidin may be used as an angiogenic reagent and released from a synthetic drug carrier. Consequently, this thesis has demonstrated that botanic drugs in traditional medicine may be used as substitutes of protein products to maintain cells in culture and to induce angiogenesis for wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Creusat, Laurence. "Guérisseurs, femmes et santé en milieu urbain : une anthropologie de la médecine traditionnelle en Afrique du Sud." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20003.
Full textThis work was written from a historical point of view and aimed at studying two dynamics; the first one changes a social system, the african communities and their cultural strategies, through the second one, the field of health, made up of complex practices and representations. This work is based on a bibliographical research on the history of south africa and more precisely on its medical history, and on a field work in the townships. Traditional medicine in south africa is undergoing a transformation process which calls upon both tradition and modernity. The contemporary issues linked to the therapeutic activity are still sustained by cultural, socio-economic and political disparities
El, Barkaoui Radia. "Le traitement de la maladie mentale par la médecine traditionnelle au Maroc : rituels et pouvoir de guérison." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2054.
Full textThe purpose of our research is to study and explore the mental ilness field and its treatment with the traditional Moroccan medecine. In fact, the mental ilness field reveals a plurality of remedies associated with modern psychiatric care, a care by traditioonal system that occupies a very important place in the Moroccan health system such as fqīhs, and holy healers. In this regard, we have chosen to shed light on these means used in order to define their limits by revealing all types of practices of wichcraft linked to the supernaturel representation introduced by traditional practioners, such as the most famous Saint Būyā Umār (16th century) whou used to host the practice of chaining mentally ill people. This problematic situation sparked a great contreversy in 2015 witch ended up by its closure
Ella, Steeve Elvis. "Enjeux éthiques de la fin de vie dans la médecine moderne et traditionnelle : le cas du Gabon." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0053.
Full textThe stakes of ethics at the end of life in modern and traditional medicine : A case study of Gabon.Though the colonization inherited modern medicine has successfully been established in Gabon, it has, nonetheless, not completely eclipsed the traditional medicine derived from the ancestors .Therefore, two legacies coexist day by day in order to cater to an ever increasing number of people seeking health care. How effective are they? Does either type of medicine have substantial means to come to term with all the illnesses and sufferings that plague mankind? What happens when they could no longer provide treatment? How do they develop health care relation? Does the case of the so-called "dying person" or rather, terminally ill patient mark the end of humanity or does it represent the beginning of this one? Is the dying person doomed or does death means an inescapable end of any kind of life? These are the questions that this dissertation thoroughly addresses upon the basis of one point : Ethics. It was formerly known as the study of virtue, the doctrine of virtue, or best yet "metaphysics of morals". Ethics was entitled to postulate principles aimed to rule human community life beyond human values and ideological stances. Ethics from this thesis' perspective is based upon a philosophical theory concerned about human condition. It is an answer to a the following Socratic question :" What is Mankind?" The answer being that he's every human being in the face of whom no one can escape and who, moreover, forbids murder. It's ethics with a human face; when at the end of life each person will have to come face to face with the other when they are fatally ill, and experiencing sufferings and pain to the core of their being. This ethics epitomizes the relationship between two beings : One who is seeking treatment and expresses it through a call, while the other is able to provide that treatment through his awareness and expertise. He responds to that call by saying : Here I am. Ethics with a human face takes every one back to their true selves; to their own mortal condition thanks to the ordeal of the other as a dying person. As a result, everyone will have to grapple with the idea of mediation instilled in them by the face of the dying person is not given but built. Ethics of the end of life gives way to a wide array of philosophical thought where it is the other that gives me life
Fujimori, Hajimé. "Epistémologie pour la médecine intégrative : comment intégrer la vertébrothérapie japonaise dans la médecine ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H226/document.
Full textIntegrative medicine is a relatively new field that offers a new, holistic approach to medicine to satisfy the needs of the public by unifying biomedical medicine and other medical practices; complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which are not yet scientifically verified. What we call integrative medicine emerged in the early 1990s, and its potential i promising; however, there is crucial need to recognize that there exist methodological problems in this field. In this thesis I want to propose some reflections upon the consequences linked to the disregard for the theory of CAM. I would argue that the special character of today's dominant evaluation methodology -randomized controlled trial (RCT) and the ways in which excessive reliance on RCT distorted the essence of CAM and amplified the predicament. I equally want to propose some reflections upon the effect of the introduction of particular dogmas to CAM into scientific study. I would suggest that the ways in which researches might loose in tum scientific certainty, clarity, and objectivity if they make much of for instance the concept of qi or human sensory subjective diagnostics system in scientific study. Finally, would like to note advantages in introducing Japanese traditional medicine (JTM) into scientific study and the ways in which JTM has reduced influence of, and been freer from, the excessive theorization in Chinese traditional medicine (CTM)
Guillou, Anne Yvonne. "Les médecins au Cambodge : entre élite sociale traditionnelle et groupe professionnel moderne sous influence étrangère." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136905.
Full textLe premier examine, dans une perspective historique, les formes de gouvernement, les idéologies de santé publique et les réalisations sanitaires de chaque régime (protectorat français, Sangkum du prince Sihanouk, République Khmère confrontée à la guerre du Viêt Nam, régime khmer rouge). A chacune de ces périodes, les médecins cambodgiens se sont inventés une position sociale particulière en réponse aux conditions socio-historiques particulièrement tourmentées du Cambodge.
Ensuite, les médecins sont analysés dans une perspective relationnelle ; d'abord vis-à-vis des politiques d'Etat (Etat-Parti socialiste sous tutelle vietnamienne jusqu'en 1993 puis gouvernement de coalition issu des élections sous égide de l'O.N.U.) ; puis dans l'offre thérapeutique globale où interviennent de nombreux praticiens plus ou moins professionnalisés (infirmiers et pharmaciens mais aussi praticiens traditionnels et néo-traditionnels, bonzes, médiums, masseuses). Les thérapeutes “néo-traditionnels” sont ceux qui ont le mieux tiré profit des changements sociaux récents et de la construction par l'Etat d'une “tradition légitime”.
La dernière partie du travail se fonde sur des observations menées dans divers hôpitaux du pays. Les activités hospitalières sont analysées là, comme des productions négociées entre le personnel cambodgien et les intervenants d'O.N.G. occidentales, infirmiers et médecins, qui proposent un appui technique dans le cadre de l'aide au développement. La description et l'analyse de ces interactions quotidiennes et des confrontations auxquelles elles donnent lieu permettent de mieux cerner les caractéristiques, en cours d'évolution, de la profession médicale cambodgienne dans ses diverses dimensions (autorité médicale, éthique médicale, relation médecin-malade, répartition des domaines de compétence entre personnel hospitalier).
Barouh, Cécile. "Les plantes du genre Atractylodes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle chinoise : Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) D.C. et Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P139.
Full textMatou, Melissa. "Composition et propriétés biologiques d’extraits de Phyllanthus amarus Schumacher et thonning (1827) utilisés en médecine traditionnelle aux Antilles." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0421.
Full textP. amarus, known as "Grenn anba fèy", is one of the most used plants in the treatment of diabetes by medicinal plants in Guadeloupe Island. It was introduced at the French pharmacopoeia in 2015 however healthy professionals deplore a lack of scientific data on the chemical composition of this plant.This work therefore evaluates for the first time the chemical composition and biological properties of P. amarus aqueous extracts based on the consumption habits of the population (aqueous infusion and decoction) which uses both the aerial parts and the whole plant. Our results show that the aerial parts and the roots have a very different chemical composition with only two common molecules, gallic acid and niruriflavone. In addition, Guadeloupe specimens were also distinguished from P. amarus from other countries by the presence of caffeoylhexaric acid and acalyphidin M1 in the aerial parts and prodelphinidin-A2-3'-gallate in the roots.The study of the biological properties of traditional preparations has demonstrated a strong antioxidant activity of both parts of the plant with an higher activity for the aerial parts when they are consumed freshly harvested and for the roots when they are previously dried. The results obtained for the antidiabetic activity demonstrated that the inhibition of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, involved in the release of hepatic glucose during diabetes, was more important for extracts of freshly harvested aerial parts than for the dry ones. On the other hand, the antidiabetic activity was more expressed for the dried aerial parts than the fresh ones which did not show any significant effect. The purified fractions and molecules were tested for their implication in the observed activities. In addition, the study of these extracts has demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of water-soluble polysaccharides whose involvement in antioxidant and antidiabetic activities has been demonstrated.However, many identification errors have been identified between two species in the same environment : P. amarus and P. debilis. The aerial parts of P. amarus and P. debilis were compared and showed many differences. Only a few molecules are common to them. The analysis of the antioxidant properties of P. debilis showed a higher activity than that of P. amarus extracts. Only the antidiabetic activity by G6Pase inhibition was observed and was found to be higher than the activity of the aerial parts of P. amarus. This activity was mainly due to the presence of geraniin, whose activity decreases as it undergoes degradation in the extracts, initially because of its hydrolysis to other compounds and, secondly, to its degradation by the drying process.In addition, the use of simulation techniques of gastrointestinal digestion has shown that high molecular weight molecules are not directly absorbed in their intact form. Indeed, 4% of polyphenols are bioaccessibility. This work has demonstrated the interest of studying plant extracts based on the population consumption habits while considering the effects of digestion on the fate of bioactive compounds
Alamin, Abdelgadir. "Apport de la chromatographie de partage centrifuge à l'étude phytochimique de 3 plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle soudanaise." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3812/document.
Full textThis work was a contribution to the phytochemical study of three Sudanese medicinal plants: Aristolochia bracteolata (Whole plant), Ziziphus spina-christi (Leaves) and Hydnora abyssinica (Rhizomes). The specificity of this research program was to emphasize the application of Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) for the fractionation of these plants. Three specific CPC methodologies were developed for the purification of either aristolochic acids, flavonoids or proanthocyanidins (PACs). In this context, the first part of this manuscript was devoted to the presentation of the CPC methodology. The second part focused on the fractionation of crude extract of Aristolochia bracteolata. This plant is used in traditional medicine, in spite of the presence of aristolochic acids that confer a high nephrotoxicity. In this work was developed an innovating procedure for the isolation and purification in high purity of aristolochic acids I, II and IIIa, in one step from crude extract, using Strong Ions eXchange CPC (SIX-CPC). These results were published in 2015 in Separation and Purification Technology. In the third part, the flavonosides present in Z. spina-christi were isolated using CPC, either in normal or reverse elution mode, using two phases solvent systems EtOAc/n-BuOH/MeOH/H2O or EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O with different ratios. In the last part, the phytochemical study of Hydnora abyssinica led to the fractionation of PACs, polymers of high molecular weight of flavanols. The CPC fractionation methodology, preceded by LH-20 resin pre-fractionation, allowed the isolation of katsumadine and rhodioloside
Wasser, Nicolas. "Synthèse et évaluation de l'activité anti-Leishmania d'anthranoïdes issus du genre Psorospermum (Hypericaceae) utilisé en médecine traditionnelle camerounaise." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF055/document.
Full textThe study of plants belonging to the Psorospermum genus, led us to isolate several anthranoïd compounds, among which 9 vismiones, from an extract of P. glaberrimum bark. The latter have shown strong anti-Leishmania activity. In order to check if the anti-Leishmania activity of the extracts correlates with their vismiones content, a dosage of the vismiones in several organs of various Psorospermum species has been carried out using LC-FTMS. Organic synthesis work has allowed: 1) to obtain a wide variety of vismione analogues in order to better understand which structural subunit is responsible for the anti-Leishmania activity; 2) to synthesize an analogue showing an optimised activity as well as an enhanced stability compared to natural vismiones; 3) set up a route for the total synthesis of vismione, which has never been achieved yet. The anti-Leishmania activities of the synthesized analogues, as well as their cytotoxicity were evaluated. Finally, preliminary investigations on the mode of action of vismiones were carried out on a plant model which has a biosynthetic pathway essential for the survival of the parasite. These investigations led us to further study the intrinsic fluorescence properties of the vismiones, which potentially make them interesting tools as fluorescent probes
Menan, Eby Ignace Hervé. "Evaluation de l'activité antipaludique de 21 plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle ivoirienne : fractionnement biodirigé des extraits les plus actifs." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13510.
Full textAgostinho, Daniel. "Investigation Phytochimique de plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Mozambique : Ptaeroxylon obliquum Radlk - Pyrenacantha kaurabassana Baill - Monadenium lugardae N.EBr." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3802/document.
Full textThis PhD work is part of an ethno-pharmacological approach to enhance plant used in traditional medicine in Mozambique. The aim of this work is to elucidate major metabolites through a chemo-taxonomic approach and clarify the phytochemical composition of plant used in traditional medicine, leading potentially to new molecules of therapeutical interest.The work is thus cut into three parts, each focusing on a different plant.The Part 1describes the phytochemical study of dry roots of Ptaeroxylon obliquum Radlk (Rutaceae). The phytochemical study of the chloroform extract of the roots of P. obliquum resulting in the isolation of five compounds belonging to coumarin or chromone. A totally original meroterpenoid chromone was then isolated and elucidated: the Ptaerobliquol. Structures of these metabolites were elucidated by various analytical techniques (NMR, mass spectrometry) and X-ray diffraction.Part 2 focuses on the phyto-chemical study of bark tubers of Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (Icacinaceae). Few phytochemical data were available about this plant in the litterature. Screening of metabolites was so carried out, showing the preponderant presence of compounds belonging to the family of quinones and flavonoids. The study of the ethyl acetate extract of the bark of tuber resulted in the isolation and identification of four metabolites, including two totally original, belonging to the family of xanthones.Finally, Part 3 focuses on the phytochemical study of stems of Monadenium lugardiae or Euphorbia lugardiae (Euphorbiaceae). Fractionnation of the chloroform extract of the stemshas led to the isolation and identification of two metabolites never described in this plant, jolkinolide B, the Hélioscopinolide F, together with scopoletin
Grandjean, Christophe. "Histoire de la médecine à la Martinique." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3080.
Full textLucquin-Hanotte, Marie-Pierre. "Les Amérindiens Palikurs et la médecine à travers une expérience en Guyane." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M018.
Full textAdedzi, Kodzo Awoenam. "Culture et santé infantile chez les Agotimés du Togo : place de la médecine traditionnelle dans le système de santé publique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34778.
Full textIntegrating traditional medicine into an African public health system can contribute to improving children’s health in a variety of ways. To date, several studies in the field of health have already looked at traditional African medicine. But few have examined its place in public health systems in Africa and few have studied scientifically the possible relationship between its integration and children’s health. This thesis explores the universe of the health of children living in a rural environment in Togo to examine the problem of integrating Togolese traditional medicine into the country’s public health system. Really, I’m talking about examining the place of traditional childcare medicine in Togo’s public health system, without forgetting the expectations and preferences of the target population. I used ethnographic data from a fieldwork I conducted among Agotime in Togo. Three villages in these rural populations formed my investigative environment in which I conducted semistructured individual interviews with biological mothers, tutors, public health staff and traditional practitioners on the one hand and focus groups with biological mothers and tutors on the other hand. The participant observation supplemented these interviews. According to the results, traditional medicine and biomedicine are, in part, complementary to health care practices for children in Togo. On the one hand, however there are specific expectations and preferences, the answers to which are determined by collaboration between traditional practitioners and public health staff. On the other hand, there are differences in the appreciation of the place of traditional medicine in the public health system, although it must be recognized that traditional care practices such as maintenance, hygiene, nutrition, and therapeutic rituals directly or indirectly influence children’s health. To improve children’s health, there is a clear need for complementarity in action between traditional medicine practitioners and public health staff. Giving traditional medicine a place in the public health system can make a greater contribution to the well-being of children. In this way, the specific expectations and preferences of populations can be met through the development of a consensual care platform for infants and children.