Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médecins – France – 19e siècle'
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Mouthon, Jean-Marie. "Les médecins de langue allemande à Paris au XIXe siècle : 1803-1871." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/asclepiades/pdf/mouthon_2010_v1.pdf.
Full textHue, Virginie. "Etude critique du traité d'hygiène navale de F. V. Palois, chirurgien navigans nantais." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT053P.
Full textGateaux, Jacqueline. "Les médecins aliénistes, les psychopédagogues et la déficience mentale à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle : étude du service des enfants idiots de Bicêtre." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H020.
Full textMonet, Jacques. "Emergence de la kinésithérapie en France à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle : une spécialité médicale impossible : genèse, acteurs et intérêts de 1880 à 1914." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/asclepiades/pdf/monet1.pdf.
Full textMünch-Mertz, Eveline. "La Médecine cantonale ou médecine des pauvres au XIXe siècle, 1825-1870 : l'exemple haut-rhinois." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30063.
Full textThis study is concerned with the establishment of medical care for the poor provided on a district (canton) level in nineteenth century france and focuses specifically on the haut-rhin county (département). Inspired by liberal, philanthropic and even romantic trends, the aim of this form of medical practice was to provide free and professional health care for the poor in urban and rural districts under the supervision of the county administration, implemented by appointed poor law medical officers and practitioners. This organisation was part of a larger network of private or public institutions whose aim it was to relieve the suffering of the poor whose expectations in this matter are largely unknown. Despite the limits of medicine as a science at the time, a pervading scepticism and financial difficulties, nineteenth century organised medical care for the poor foreshadows the structure of modern medical aid providing quality health care for all and easy access to the medical practitioner
Menenteau, Sandra. "Dans les coulisses de l'autopsie judiciaire : cadres, contraintes et conditions de l'expertise cadavérique dans la France du XIXe siècle." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Menenteau-Sandra/2009-Menenteau-Sandra-These.pdf.
Full textIn the 19th century, forensic medicine is formed as a full science. From 1795, after the reorganization of medical education, it is included into the teaching for the doctorate of medicine. Judges consider each physician is able to carry out a forensic autopsy. Far from suitable structures, ordinary medical experts have to answer the judges' expectations and questions about the causes of death. They perform post mortem examinations in material conditions that are not in accordance with the criteria established by literature. Medical experts have to get used to the situation and to improvise. Moreover, their participation in legal proceedings is a professional and a personnel hazard. However, forensic autopsy offers more technical freedom than other post mortem activities. Forensic autopsy lifts all the regulations, the bans and the popular reluctances
Mounier-Kuhn, Alain. "Les Services de santé militaires et les médecins militaires français pendant la conquête et la pacification du Tonkin et de l'Annam (Mars 1882-31 décembre 1896)." Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0094.
Full textA study is carried out about organisation and functioning of the three french military medical corps which served either with land forces or afloat battle ships and ambulance ships during the conquest of Tonkin from 1882 to 1896. Special features of every of these three Health Services, Navy, Army and Colonial medical services, allow comparisons on their effectiveness and their failing. An appaling tropical pathology induced a very high rate of mortality among the troops of the expeditionary Corps. A sociological study based on the confidential records of 127 army medical officerswho served in Tonkin allows to compare the social position and military career of these officers in the Navy, the Army and the Colonial Office at that time
Havé, Paul-André Charles Emmanuel. "Médecins, chirurgiens et apothicaires du roi : l'hôpital militaire de Strasbourg et ses praticiens au XVIIIe siècle." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1031.
Full textThe 18th century was marked by the transition from one political domination to another, in this occurrence from the Holy Roman Empire to the Kingdom of France. Alsace would then be seen as a border province, both at stake and the scene of military operations. The City of Strasbourg, capital of this new province finds itself in the middle of those stakes. With the French presence appears a new toponym: the "Welches Spital" (literally: hospital of the Frenchmen), directly linked to the introduction of military hospitals, a French innovation themselves. There is an interesting coincidence between the transition from Alsace to France, the creation of the first real permanent hospitals, of an army-specific healthcare and the streamlining of the French Royal Armies. Strasbourg takes part in the process of the establishment of a military duty with its groping, its confusion and its successes, a process that ends with the French Revolution of 1789. Since military hospitals have been the theme of a number or essays, we shall attempt, under the prosopographic study of the medical personnel, to associate the different elements in a global overview, that of the evolution of the military healthcare and its specific administrative structures that go along with it, with the objective to account for the evolution of the legal environment, the training dispensed, the buildings, the care given, the ill and the wounded
Valency-Lagarde, Patricia. "Vulgarisation médicale et apologétique dans les grandes encyclopédies françaises du XIXe siècle." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120001.
Full textThe detailed study of the medical entries of the main french encyclopedias of the nineteenth century shows that, contrary to all expectations, they include allusions to religion. Some of them take advantage of the medical popularization message to recall the main commandments, beliefs, sacraments and interdicts of christian religion. Others of them, on the contrary, try to convince the reader of the obscurantisme of religion and defend scientism. These allusions to religion are not many ; but they are perfect reflections of relations between medecine and religion in the nineteenth century. They are also perfect reflections of the position on religion that is adopted by these encyclopedias : some encyclopedias are apologetic, some are apologetic but "heretical" and some are critical about religion
Naud, François-Xavier. "L'État et la prévention sanitaire au dix-neuvième siècle." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40003.
Full textArnaud-Lesot, Sylvie. "Pudeur et pratique médicale : aspects relationnels de l'examen gynécologique et obstétrical au XIXe siècle en France." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE4150.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to gather and present elements with a view to answering the following question: should modesty have a place in an obstetrical or gynaecological examination? We have chosen to focus on 19th century France, to question the treatises called “on women diseases”, and the practice of midwifery. Modesty in this period appears as a true leitmotiv in the medical rhetoric dealing with the difficulties of the medical examination of women. The analysis of clinical observations nevertheless shows that the woman’s silence or discretion about the diseases which affect their genitalia, and their reluctance to accept a clinical investigation often imply a series of other reasons. We have studied in detail the precautions 19th century practitioners suggested one should take, from the inquiry to the examination proper, in order to avoid offending the patients’ modesty. The idea that the practitioner should show due respect to the patients seems to play a major role in their line of conduct. Nevertheless it is not sure that all the practitioners acted in accordance with their teaching, or with the rules they had contributed to set up. However, the advice that was generally almost unanimously shared by them, keeps all its relevance
Fredj, Claire. "Médecins en campagne, médecine des lointains : le service de santé des armées en campagne dans les expéditions lointaines du Second Empire (Crimée, Chine-Cochinchine, Mexique)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0127.
Full textThe dual nature of army doctors leads us to enquire into this profession as well as the scientific knowledge it engenders within the specific context of military campaigns of the French Second Empire, when both Army and Navy operate on very different grounds getting further and further away. Juxtaposing military history, history of medicine and the history of ideas, this research is done in the context of the relations between war and medicine and between extra-European and colonial medicines, not from a colonial history point of view, as -with the exception of Cochinchina -such expeditions were not planned as permanent features. How do French military medical doctors use their scientific knowledge to deal with a "medical unknown" and how their work was affected by local conditions in the dangerous context of military operations, thousands of miles away from their administrative HQ? The study of several such operations leads us to question the impact of the "here and know" campaign both on the formation of a professional team and on the acquisition of new scientific knowledge especially in the field of epidemiology. In what measure does the specification of a given terrain contribute to a totally new profession and where does this new profession fit in when it is by definition geographically periphery to metropolitan France in the same way that it is in the margins of the scientific standards of the time? How does it inform French medical knowledge in the 19th century? Because they operate within a specific military context, the work of medical officers is done within a written-word system, which gives them an identity as a professional, political and scientific group. Because they are both officers and medical doctors, their social-profession al group is often characterised in the outside world by social and intellectual mediocrity, something which should be qualified. Dispatched to far-away lands they contribute to the setting up of healthcare structures where they can administer medical care. The expertise gained away from home in contact with varied populations enables them to contribute in a very unique way to the advancing of medical science and, later, to earn the recognition of their profession by the medical establishment
Bonhomme, Jacques. "A propos de l'expérience et des thèses de 17 coopérants nantais dans le monde (Afrique exclue)." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3392.
Full textBory, Jean-Yves. "Science et patience : la polémique sur la vivisection au XIXe siècle en France." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0128.
Full textThis thesis is about vivisection and his controversies in XIXth French century. Vivisection action of cutting animals in scientific purpose, became a professional practice and a paradigm during XIXth century. The paradigm was established in 1880. First protests were in scientific community, next in medicine publications, at the protectors of animals, finally in organized associations. Antivivisectionist movement reached its peak in early 1880 but disappeared because the controversy about. Rabies. It come back toward 1900. There were two kinds of vivisectors: extremists, who claimed total liberty in the use of animals, and moderates who wanted a limitation. Extremists have won because social, cultural and politic factors rather than scientific ones. Antivivisectionists were from another paradigm, opposed to vivisectors about animal suffering and not about scientific considerations. Controversy about vivisection was about values
Lewezyk-Janssen, Anaïs. "Devenir médecin dans le Midi de la France au XVIIIe siècle, du carabin au médecin : étude prosopographique et encadrement médical du Haut-Languedoc." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20029/document.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, medicine evolved from a scientific point of view but also with regard to its place in the society of Ancien Régime. The enthusiasm for the science of Esculapius is reflected in an increase in vocations within the southern universities, especially in Montpellier. This thesis questions the future of doctors, graduates of three southern faculties, throughout a century marked by scientific effervescence. The tropism of Montpellier attests to its good reputation. The analysis of their careers is another central aspect of this research, which offers the opportunity to study the involvement of these doctors in scientific and public life, and to see by what processes the medical path has become a career pledge Upward
Bertherat, Bruno. "La morgue de Paris au XIXe siècle (1804-1907) : les origines de l'institut médico-légal ou les métamorphoses de la machine." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010563.
Full textFaure, Olivier. "La médicalisation de la société dans la région lyonnaise au XIXe siècle : 1800-1914." Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20010.
Full textThe rising use of medical services during the 19th century cannot be only explained by physicians and authorities work. It comes also from a strong social demand in this field. Having cure and remedy better than care and prevention, this social demand draw health care system into a commercial and consummation logic. This logic is made stronger by the curious association between reinforcement of medical liberal practice and development of welfare politics
Péroz, Francis. "La santé dans le Territoire de Belfort au XIXème siècle." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR2009.
Full textThis research focuses on the population's state of health. It aims at showing how health conditions evolved over a long period in the Territoire de Belfort, and at studying the elements which might have influenced it. In the nineteenth century the health problems of this population still consisted predominantly of intestine diseases, lung diseases, and contagious diseases. In the second half of the century, however, the Ancien Régime health situation gave way to new conditions dominated by more diffuse and less serious contagious diseases along with three social plagues: syphilis, tuberculosis, and alcoholism. During the century the rate of medical care provided to the population hardly evolved and remained below the national average. But towards the end of the century doctors and chemists started to set themselves up in the little towns of the area. And so did midwives, who were then better trained and in greater numbers. As early as the first decades of the century the germanic model of the cantonal doctor developed, which ensured a large place to prevention. This evolution was intensified by the work of the council for hygiene and public health long ruled by doctors. The setting up of mutual aid associations facilitated access to medical care and the prevention of serious diseases. Doctors' research on hygiene brought about a transformation in cities and in working-class housing. But the rural world was not affected by those transformations
Daniel, Marina. "Regards sur le corps meurtri : victimes, expertises et sensibilités en Seine-Inférieure au XIXe siècle." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL566.
Full textAre victims the ones that History forgets ? By choosing the topic of the wounded body, the aim of this thesis was to study the victims of body violences, and thus to discover their social profile, to follow their legal course from the aggression to the lawsuit. This mainly approach concerns historical anthropology. The complaints and especially the depositions allowed a new life to the victims’ words. Testimonies and the analysis of the press were an opportunity to reach not only the social representations of the victim and the suffering, but also the sensibilities. Moreover this study could not be complete without the study of the practice of forensic medicine, which states the sufferings of the victims and helps for the recognition of their statute. Finally this thesis makes it possible to study the institutional, medical, social readings of violences and the body sufferings
Le, Clerc-Grozieux de Laguérenne Claude. "Etude de la matière médicale de 1833 à travers les écrits du pharmacien de la marine René Primevère Lesson." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT02VS.
Full textMéheust, Bertrand. "La guerre du somnambulisme et de la médiumnité : la science du XIXe siècle au défi du magnétisme animal : chronique et analyse d'un choc dans la culture." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010646.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to describe and comment a battle of ideas which, although forgotten, played a decisive part in modern man's self understanding. That is, the controversy which fired throughout last century, between the socalled "animal magnetism" and the medical establishment. It all started with the discovery, by the marquis de puysegur, of a strange psychic state in which the people seemed to have access to unknown faculties. At stake was the problem of knowing if, and how far, the stange phenomena which occurred during the "magnetic" trance did oblige to reconsider the limits of human faculties. Puysegur's discovery started an unprecedented controversy which resulted in the working out of compromise solutions, and of new hydrid theories. And among those we have to consider psychoanalysis
Fressoz, Jean-Baptiste. "« La fin du monde par la science » : innovations, risques, régulations, de l'inoculation à la machine à vapeur, 1750-1850." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0094.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to pave the way for a history of risk societies across two centuries. It is an historical inquiry into the ways technological action was questioned and regulated. Three fields are studied: The emergence of risk for thinking upon smallpox inoculation and its failure to create a disinhibited subject, ready to risk his life so as to save it. On the contrary, the rapid success of cowpox vaccine allows us to study the technologies of proof which assured the efficacy of the imperial biopolitics of the 1800s. The power apparatuses (botany, hygiene, new legal regulations) which permitted the development of industrialisation despite the environmental etiologies posited by neo-Hippocratic theories and the general outcry of city dwellers. The emergence and role of safety norms for closing technological controversies, legalizing uncertainty and producing a responsible individual compatible with the liberal society of the 1820s. Ln contradistinction to the risk society and post modernity theses, I show that the technoscientific revolution of the 1800s was not accomplished in a fog of careless modernism. Past societies did not choose to ally with high pressure steam or viruses without considering, with alarm, the far-reaching consequences of their decisions; nor did they alter their environments inadvertently. Confidence was not natural: disinhibiting ignorance (and/or knowledge) had to be produced on every strategic and disputed point of technological modernity. The discourse of progress which magnified the greatness of the goals exorcised the immensity of the fears
Sionneau, Sylvain. "Les médecines illégales et les médecines populaires en France au XIXe siècle, avec l'exemple du Maine-et-Loire." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945371.
Full textGuilloux, Ronald. "De l'exotique au politique : la réception de l'acupuncture extrême-orientale dans le système de santé français (XVIIe-XXe siècles)." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/guilloux_r.
Full textIn France, the opposition between official medicine and parallel medicines seems obvious. However, repaid by the Social Security Administration (1947) and taught in Faculty of Medicine (1987), acupuncture is an atypical case: an official parallel medicine. Here is that shakes the opposition and reveals its ideological nature. The jolt touches the very identity of official medicine, forcing it to question in the layers of its knowledge (its norms of cognition) and its power (its ideologies and its institutions). Thus, the debate must be brought back on the field, by unrolling the history of the relations between acupuncture and official medicine : extended to its cultural limits, the questioning will aim to unveil the ideological structure of the medical parallelism. (Part I) The first contacts between the West and the Far Eastern acupuncture (17th century) do not only draw the story of a simple needle : they reveal the ideological, political, epistemological and institutional layers of an emerging modern Western medicine (18th-19th centuries). (Part II) It is only after having seized the conditions of this emergence that one will be able to understand the new therapeutic reception in the 20th century : the epistemological and institutional trajectory that the Far Eastern acupuncture will follow to enter, to structure and to integrate the French health system. Finally, the stake is double : the discourse on medical parallelism sets the question of the statute of a marginal therapeutics in the system of health (socio-political stake) and more extensively the question of the statute of medicine in society (epistemological stake)
Marchand, Claire. "Le médecin et l'alimentation : Principes de nutrition et recommandations alimentaires en France (1887-1940)." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2007/document.
Full textThe history of medicine and the evolution of the hygienist doctrine are traditional historiography topics. However, only a few researches explicitly focused on the medicals roles in the emergence of new eating behaviors. Based on the prosopography method, our work focuses on the evolutions of nutritionals discourses, the prophylactic actions and vulgarization initiatives taken by a medical group concerning elaboration of food recommendations. By studying the eating act in itself as well as the diet, food hygiene, and the learning of good eating habits, these physicians are considered a pioneer group in food hygiene. They introduced the theoretical knowledge and dietetics practices developed in France in the late 19th century. Social reformism was the key point of their thoughts. If the physician figure is the heart of this research, the individual careers comparison gives us a more global idea on the particular place of food in the medical practice
Gonzalez, Salazar Nancy. "Circulation des savoirs et des pratiques médicaux entre la France et le Rio de la Plata (1828 - 1886)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0093.
Full textAs a key factor in the development of nations, medicine and its organization were at the center of the preoccupations of the political authorities who succeeded one another in Argentina and Uruguay as soon as these territories were conquered by Spain. Yet, once independence has been achieved, repeated economic crises and a chaotic political situation have meant that medicine on both sides of the Plata has struggled to awaken and consolidate. While in Uruguay the erection of a faculty of medicine was not possible until 1875, that of Buenos Aires, erected in 1821, functioned in an intermittent manner until 1852, because of the troubled political situation in the country with the Juan Manuel de Rosas's dictatorship. As a result, many Uruguayans and Argentines have gone to begin or perfect their medical training at the Faculty of Paris. At the same time, in spite of the political unrest and the economic instability of the region, many French doctors decided to establish themselves on the banks of the Plata in the first half of the 19th century.This work examines the links that physicians living on both sides of the Atlantic between 1828 and 1886 developed, maintained and strengthened over the course of the century. This dynamic circulation of knowledge and medical techniques, energetic and permanent, benefited the medicine on both sides of the Atlantic. More specifically, we approach these exchanges by an analysis of the management carried out by the medical corps of Montevideo and Buenos Aires of the epidemics of cholera and yellow fever when they broke out in these towns and of the knowledge that circulated in the area before and after their appearance. We also study the reception given by the members of the French and Rioplatense medical spheres to the speeches related to the crematist system and its establishment, a system that excited the European medical profession at the turn of the 1860s. We show that medicine on both sides of the Atlantic has been enriched by the contact and reciprocal exchanges that these doctors have maintained. Indeed, while Plata's medicine has to a large extent been awakened by the contribution of the French medical actors who brought their knowledge and know-how to the region, French medicine was in turn fueled by the stay of doctors of the Hexagon in the banks of the Plata. Regardless of the length of their stay in the region, the various explorations they have carried out and their direct confrontation with the local pathology have allowed French physicians to increase their knowledge and acquire a singular experience. This experience had a significant impact, not only in their daily practice, but also in the adoption of innovative practices essential to French medical progress in the last quarter of the 19th century
Factor esencial para el desarrollo de las naciones, la medicina y su organización se encontraron en el centro de las preocupaciones de las autoridades políticas del Río de la Plata (Argentina y Uruguay) desde el momento mismo de la conquista española. Sin embargo, una vez adquirida la Independencia, las crisis éconómicas y la inestabilidad política fueron permanentes en los dos países, En consecuencia, el despliegue y la consolidación de la medicina de parte y parte de la Plata se vieron fuertemente comprometidos. Mientras que en Uruguay la facultad de medicina fue creada apenas en 1875, la facultad de Buenos Aires, instalada desde 1821, funcionó de manera irregular hasta 1852, puesto que el régimen dictatorial de Juan Manuel de Rosas entorpeció la enseñanza y puso freno al movimiento científico establecido desde principios de siglo 19. Fue por eso que, con el objetivo de formarse o especializarse en la facultad de medicina de París, numerosos uruguayos y argentinos viajaron a Francia. Paralelamente, y a pesar de las múltiples agitaciones políticas y de la economía vacilante de la Plata, varios médicos franceses decidieron establecerse en la región desde la primera mitad del siglo. Este trabajo explora las relaciones establecidas y consolidadas con el paso del tiempo entre los médicos y estudiantes en medicina rioplatenses y franceses que viajaban entre el viejo continente y la Plata, y que dieron paso a la instauración de una circulación énergica y permanente de saberes, de prácticas y de técnicas médicas, que benefició tanto a la medicina rioplatense como a la medicina francesa. Dicha circulación es ejemplificada a través de la actuación concreta de los cuerpos médicos de Buenos Aires y Montevideo en los momentos en que el cólera y la fiebre amarilla irrumpieron en estas ciudades de forma epidémica, asi como también de la circulación de saberes que, sobre estas enfermedades exóticas, tuvo lugar en la región antes y después de su aparición en la Plata. Asimismo, se analiza la recepción de los discursos y la puesta en práctica de la cremación de cadáveres – sistema que provocó el entusiasmo del cuerpo médico europeo desde finales de los años 1860 – en las esferas médicas francesa y rioplatense. Se espera así recalcar que la medicina de parte y parte del Atlántico se vió enriquecida por el contacto y los intercambios científicos enfectuados entre los médicos franceses y rioplatenses. En efecto, si los médicos franceses, llevando sus conocimientos y su experiencia a la Plata, jugaron un rol clave y estimularon el desarrollo de la medicina rioplatense, la medicina francesa fue, a su turno, alimentada por la estadía de los médicos franceses en la región. En efecto, sin importar el tiempo pasado en la Plata, las múltiples exploraciones geográficas y la confrontación directa avec la patología local enriquecieron los conocimentos de esos médicos y les aportaron una experiencia singular cuyo impacto, altamente significativo en el ejercicio cotidiano de su profesión, repercutió igualmente en el desarrollo de la médicina nacional, estimulando la adopción de prácticas innovantes indispensables al progreso médico francés en el último cuarto del siglo 19
Leti, Geneviève. "Santé et société esclavagiste : la Martinique (1802-1848) : mythes et réalités." Antilles-Guyane, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AGUY0227.
Full textIs good physical and mental health compatible with slave society? The answer is no. Therefore, it seemed to us to be particulary interested to study health in Martinique from 1802 to 1848 from the viewpoint of attitudes. How did people view their situation? What relationship was established between the tropical climate and diseases? How far did the doctors and the population blame their situation for the diseases prevalent in the country? What role did hippocratic and galenic medecine play? How did the different social groups treat their diseases? What was the size of the medical corps? What was the role of local healers and empirics? Were treatments from metropolitan France especially the Smallpox vaccination, used in the island? What repercussions are there on the Martinique of today? betwwen 1802 and 1848, The home straight leading to the abolition of slavery, were there any improvements in the life of the inhabitants of the colonies and therefore in their health, in particulary after the ending of the slave trade? Can a study of Martinique serve as a model in this field? There are some of the questions which we shall try to answer in this thesis by trying to distinguish between myth and reality
Cretin, Pascale. "La chirurgie militaire pendant les campagnes de Napoléon Bonaparte, d'après les mémoires du Baron Larrey." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M108.
Full textLoustalot, Bernard. "Desgenettes : 1762-1837 : un homme de réseau dans la transformation de l'art de guérir." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0041.
Full textRené Nicolas Dufriche des Genettes, known as Desgenettes, is a doctor who lived between two centuries. He had been through a tumultuous period, both on the political levels and on the military issues. Thus, he had the opportunity to meet several historic characters: Benjamin Franklin, Madam Rolland. . . And above ail Napoléon Bonaparte. Familiar with the salons of the period, he had been a witness of the transformation of the French society more than the political events, and as chief doctor of Bonaparte army's then Napoléon, he followed several campaign of the great gênerai of the time. His career survived to the Empire, tormented by the political vicissitudes. Historical character himself, he first of ail played a rôle in the military medicine in Egypt and in the Great Army after 1807. Two "prowess" are generally at his crédit: his inoculation of the plague, and his opposition to Bonaparte about the poisoning of the sick people of Jaffa. On a routine basis, he had managed health service that had to be adapted on the daily movement and the situation of an army more and more numerous and uncoordinated, often in foreign territories and with frequent and deadly epidemics. Nevertheless, Desgenettes had also had a significant civil activity, first a scientific activity with some publications about the absorbing system (lymphatic), about education (anatomy defence), spreading of knowledge by taking part of the edition of several revues, second, as a Professor of Hygiene at the school subsequently university of medicine of Paris. Besides, it is as mayor of the 10th district of Paris and Professor of Hygiene that he will faced in 1832 the first modern plague epidemic: the cholera-morbus. Born in a family part of the bourgeoisie that pretended to be aristocratic, Desgenettes is a remarkable image of this ambitious people that embraced the Enlightenment ideas (intellectual cosmopolitanism, operative freemasonry), and managed to get through the revolutionary turmoil to compose the Napoleonic meritocracy. Very cultivated but sceptical about religious, medical (friend of Broussais but fighting his doctrines) or politic (loyal but not docile to the Emperor), his strong character and his independent spirit (opposition to Bonaparte and resignation of the Academy of Medicine) ostracised him
Baubérot, Arnaud. "Le naturisme et la société française : histoire sociale et culturelle d'un mythe : le retour à la nature, fin du XIXe siècle-années trente." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120059.
Full textIn the early 2Oth century, some physicians developed a program designed to reform ways of living, which hinged upon getting back in touch with nature and leading a simple life. They where thus trying to prevent the degeneration process which, according to them. Resulted from the rise of an urban, industrial modernity. This belief in the healing and regenerating power of the nature originated both in the neo-hippocratic medicine of the Enlightenment and the natural medicine of the German empirical physicians. It had a particularly strong echo in the vegetarian and libertarian milieus and is at the origin of new kinds of social behaviors. After the First World War, a variety of organizations tried to develop naturism. Smaller ones stressed its individual, spiritual dimension from an esoteric perspective, while others tried to promote collective naturism as a form of open-air leisure activity. It was among the latter kind of organizations that nudism came to appear in the late 1920s
Leboucq, Caroline. "Les idées médicales en France dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle, à travers la "Comédie humaine" de Balzac." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11033.
Full textBescond, Jacques. "Genèse et devenir de deux ordres de praticiens en France. Les officiers de santé de 1803 à 1892." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070108.
Full textAit, Cheikh Joël. "Le service de santé militaire sous la Restauration : la campagne d'Espagne de 1823, la campagne de Morée de 1828." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M160.
Full textCarbonel, Frédéric. "Aliénistes et psychologues en Seine-Inférieure de la Restauration au début de la IIIe République : essai d'histoire de la médecine mentale comme "science" de gouvernement au XIXe siècle dans la région de Rouen (1825-1908)." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431279.
Full textGueye, Cheikh Tidiane. "La vulgarisation médicale en France : inventaire des périodiques, 1870-1914, étude critique de l'iconographie de la "La Médecine universelle" (1890-1892)." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120041.
Full textThis historical researches work about the irreplaceable documents that constitute the publications on medical popularization at the end of the 19th century, beginning of the 20th, had allowed us to find out a huge collection of precious periodicals which were not studied in their majority. Then we realized that we can't have an exact idea about medicalisation policy in France between 1870 and 1914 without having a catalogue and periodicals analysis about medical popularization. This we have established a notebook containing one hundred and sixty six periodicals. Nevertheless a deep analyse of each known sheet in this catalogue would go over the limits of our subject. Therefore we have decided to choose one of the most representative and to study it. Our choice relates "Universal medecine" that takes an important place in medical popularization press. We have tried to follow its history, to make a critical approach of its iconography, to decipher its message and evolution from 1890 to 1892. Lastly we have established a bibliography of its founders and masters who had leaded and followed those periodicals of multiple sides and of a short reign
Moulin, Philippe Alain Georges. "Le service de santé militaire et la Révolution de 1848." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M161.
Full textBoutaric, Jean-José. "L'auscultation médiate : sa diffusion durant la première moitié du XIXe siècle et son application au cas de Balzac et de ChopinPrésident du jury Professeur Loïc Capron." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4009.
Full textThis thesis has the aim of showing with which rapidity the mediate sounding discovered and developed at the point by Laennec during the second decade of the nineteenth century, spread and took seat in practice the three decade following. After a recall of the biography of Laennec and an analysis of the treatise of mediate sounding targeted on the use of the stethoscope, this work is based on a study of Parisian medical theses defended from 1819 to 1924, or medical publications, treaties and physician's writings during the considered time. A research in several services of public records presents abstracts of medical observations making it possible to appreciate the place taken by sounding in professional practice and especially the eminent contribution with the diagnosis of lung's deseases, in spite of some limits for that of heart's deseases. Lastly, the study of two well documented medical cases, those of Balzac and Chopin, comes in corollary to illustrate the diagnostic value of sounding in the medium of the nineteenth century, which then made it possible to make it an indisputable diagnosis of cardiac insufficiency for the final affection of the writer, but nowadays lets plane a doubt about that pulmonary tuberculosis in the musician. However that may be, the swiftness of the diffusion, the enthusiastic reception of the medical profession and the considerable progress brought by the new method of clinical investigation, indisputably do of Laennec one of the greatest figure of the History of Medicine
Cheminaud, Julie. "Les évadés de la médecine : physiologie et philosophie de l'art dans la France de la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040162.
Full textIn the second half of 19th century, specific bonds are forged between art and medicine: the modern medicine turns towards artworks and discovers there a clinic. In return, some painters and writers feed themselves on new knowledges to revitalize their practices. But as physiology takes art as its object, analyzes artworks, creation and reception, art can be praised, or conversely condemned. Thus, the figures of the artist and of the physician tend to join or to oppose themselves. Our work deals with what make this union and these conflicts possible. We address the idea of visibility, common to art and clinic, the concept of pathology, and the problem of norm. Thus, it appears that the figure of the abnormal artist, the “sick artist’’, is a legacy of the traditional melancholy: its value, positive or negative, is always understood in a specific context and changes according to a set of transfers. As we analyse discourses and some representative artworks, we intend not only to give an account of physiology of art as it appears in France at this time, but also to show that it is a privileged prism to understand a certain kind of artwork
Pigeard-Micault, Natalie. "Charles Adolphe Wurtz, doyen de l'Ecole de médecine de Paris (1866-1875)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/asclepiades/pdf/pigeard_2007.pdf.
Full textThe chemist Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884) is well-known as a major figure in organic chemistry, as the leader of an important research school in Paris, and as a staunch advocate of atomic notation. This thesis presents a more obscure face of his career: Wurtz dean of the Paris School of medicine from 1866 to 1875, was confronted with heavy administrative duties in a period of doctrinal debates about medical courses and of political troubles at the turn of the Second Empire and the Third Republic. The aim of this study intentionally focused on a narrow field and a short period is to open a window on the history of the Paris School of medicine as well as to describe the social and political engagement of a scientist in 19th-century France. Wurtz's attitude in front of the various circumstances and events that occurred during this period is analyzed. A controversy on medical doctrines between the clergy and professors suspected of materialism opened the period of his deanship. Then student protests which occurred help clarify Wurtz's educational views. Later on, a law on the freedom of higher education prompted hot debates and Wurtz adopted an ambiguous position. By contrast he was very determined on the issue of women’s admission to the doctorate of medicine. Finally we characterize Wurtz’s style of management in his daily efforts to improve the material conditions of medical teaching, as well as in the turmoil of Paris Siege and the Commune. In focusing on this episode of Wurtz’s career, this work aims at understanding how the ethos of the Alsatian chemist, atomist theorist, and Protestant interacted with the ethos of the manager of a large medical faculty
Chamayou, Grégoire. "Les corps vils : éthique et politique de l'expérimentation humaine au XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070066.
Full textThe vile bodies are prisoners condemned to death, prostitutes, hospital inmates, terminally ills, who historically served as experimental material in the constitution of the modem medical science. This study is about the history of the subjects of the experiments. From the question of the social distribution of risks, we question the link vvhich has been established, in a logic of sacrifice regarding the subjects of Iesser value, between the modem scientific practice and the degradation of certain lives. This work associates an epistemological history of the experimental practice and of its ethical modes of problematisation with a technopolitical history ofthe experimental sciences considered as devices of acquisition. In this history of the power to experiment, the vile bodies intervene at first as "stand-in" for the sovereign, by delegation of its power of life and death. The variolic inoculation, taking the whole population for object, changes this configuration. The emergence of the clinic develops a "contract of assistance" between the classes, the care of the poor allowing the extraction of a transferable cognitive surplus value. The experimental medicine, basing the therapeutic trial on the physiological experiment bases itself on its scientificity. But the development oft he experimental pathology induces an ethical crisis vvhich puts the notion of consent at the core of an acquisition device thought on the contractual model of the work relation. The tendency to the experimentalizafion of the world asks the question of the relationship between medicine and its "externalities". The problem is then the social and political consciousness of the physicians within the industrial society and L during the colonial expansion
Lacombe, Jean-Pierre. "Une grande famille médicale lyonnaise : Marc-Auguste, Maurice, Auguste et Eugène Pollosson (1818-1985)." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1S343.
Full textPirson, Chloé. "Les cires anatomiques (1699-1998) entre art et médecine: étude contextuelle de la collection céroplastique du musée de la médecine d'Erasme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210884.
Full textSur base d'une étude de la collection des cires anatomiques du musée de la médecine d'Erasme, ma thèse de doctorat vise à l'étude contextuelle de la production de cires anatomiques depuis la fin du 18e siècle jusqu'au 20e siècle. Nous avons montré comment ses objets didactiques, produits par des moyens sculpturaux, ont été perçu à travers leurs usages successifs depuis l'enseignement médicale jusqu'à la prévention sociale des maladies d'époque, au sein des musées anatomiques forains.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dorlin, Elsa. "Au chevet de la Nation : sexe, race et médecine : XVIIe-XVIIe siècles." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040214.
Full textEarly modern medicine conceived female's temperament as cold and wet, imperfect and morbid. Women were ill all along their life, hysteria, nymphomania, pregnancies, labour, curse, prolapsus This gendered etiology has been the ambiguous subject of many treatises on Diseases of the women. This Corpus offers a valuable field of investigation to analyze the way in which the categories of healthy and unhealthy have been constituted as categories of power. This conception of the female body as a pathogenic body justified a natural inequality between the two sexes. Naturalists used the gender domination as a general pattern: Indians or slaves are perceived as having an effeminate and weak temperament. The temperament became a tool for naturalization and racialization of social relations. The concern with health and the fear of depopulation urged the physicians to define a concept of feminine health fit to promote the model of a healthy and vigorous woman, mother of the children of a strong Nation. The mother became the feminine type of health, opposed to the figures of a mutant or "degenerated" femininity, the hysteric, the sutler-woman, the "mannish woman", the prostitute or the african slave. The takeover of birth world allowed the authorities to discard midwives and nurses. In the colonies, this new management of reproduction was crucial for the plantocratic system: the wives transmit their vigorous temperament to theirs children along with their milk, despite of any climate influence. Their function was to guaranty the inthe integrity of national characters and the superiority of whites over blacks. They thus became a pattern and a weapon for the regeneration of the Nation
Fenichel, Pierre. "Le charlatan et ses médecins au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0070.
Full textThrough the figure of the quack doctor, this survey is intended to follow and analyse during nearly a whole century from March 10, 1803, to November 30, 1892, the emergence of the organisation of the medical profession in its pragmatic, cognitive and strictly anthropological dimensions. The collective work leading to the appearance of the quack figure enables one to grasp how much the monopoly held by the medical practice can escape a mere corporatist protectionism. The denunciations, the histories of medicine and medical theses dating back to the XIXth century are the privileged places which help differentiate between the pragmatic and the cognitive dimensions. From then on, the quack would be the indissociable corollary to the claim of a scientific medicine liable to redefine the healing process itself and to harness the undesirable effects of imagination, thus renewing an art of the proof for which “healing cannot be an end in itself”. It is in the wake of that redefinition that we will inscribe the process of location and universalisation of knowledge as well as the divide between experts and laymen, which has as much to do with a knowledge of the social world as of its setting up. In return, the cross-disciplinary nature of the quack's dialectics challenges social sciences: on the one hand, about their ability to produce some knowledge of scientific practices, and on the other hand, about the elaboration of a specific normativity. The methodological relativism claimed by social sciences speaks in favour of that research while, persistently, medical knowledge as the living's normativity, takes up a quasi-clandestine place amidst explanations in social sciences
Chevanne, Isabelle. "Les journaux sanitaires de l'expédition en Terre Adélie (1837-1840)." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT005P.
Full textJusseaume, Anne. "Soin et société dans le Paris du XIXe siècle : les congrégations religieuses féminines et le souci des pauvres." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0060.
Full textIn the nineteenth century, sisters of charity were at the core of the Parisian health system. This thesis analyses the identity and the social activities of these women who shared a religious commitment and a caring apostolate towards the poor of Paris. Vocation, which resulted from a choice by young women and the religious institution, was a way for these women to find a place in public space and in the workplace. It enabled them to assert themselves as individuals, undermining paternal authority and legitimating the expression of a desire. Cornerstones of the public health system and figures of charity, the nuns accompanied the growth of both. Their care of the poor and their devotion justified their claim to be recognised as socially useful in a context where French society was confronted by the new problem of widespread poverty and by the countervailing effects of dechristianization. Paradoxically, republican secularization would confirm their presence in the capital’s caring and charitable system. The sisters undertook training to new medical standards at the same times as they tried to maintain a ‘Christian singularity’ in the world. The care that the sisters provided played a role in the medicalization of society but nonetheless remained part of a strategy of religious reconquest. Their apostolate would reveal that society’s health and religious needs rested on a ‘care of the self’ and a need for attention. This ’care of the self’ was also a way for the nuns to reconcile the lay and religious aspects of their mission. Thus, sisters of charity could adapt themselves to modernity by articulating worldly preoccupations with a spiritual imperative
Chiffoleau, Sylvia. "Médecines et médecins en Egypte : construction d'une identité professionnelle et projet de médicalisation." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0036.
Full textModern medical profession in egypt is the creation of a national will of modernization in the beginning of 19th centruy. The aim of this work is studying result of new science and professional pattern transfer, from west to east, and how it is converted in the egyptian society. During the 19th century, new egyptian medical profession is dominated by foreign doctors,first seing medecine as a tool to fight epidemics. After world war, egyptian doctors become able to obtain autonomy through new professional, academic and scientific institutions. In the same time, they build own professional identity by shifting the medical priority from epidemics to parasitic endemic diseases. In this process, egyptian doctors win a prestigious social and intellectual status. However, this status and this identity, which are pointing towards individual success and private practice in urban areas, are an obstacle in front of attempts in medicalizing egyptian society. After all, 1952 revolution achieve this medicalization but this notably reduces professional status
El, Hadj Jamel. "Les chirurgiens et l'organisation sanitaire contre la peste à Marseille : 17e-18e siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0152.
Full textThe present work deals with surgeons in the anti-plague system of Marseilles, focusing research on the changing status of surgeons between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries thanks to the evolution of public health. The subject is located in a research historical perspective that encompasses both social and occupational history (occupational health), and social history of medicine. The changing role and practices of surgeons performed within a public health that combines municipal actors to agents of the monarchy. Marseilles makes this case particularly visible because of multiple outbreaks of the epidemic, which creates a new health development organization without which the port could increase its market activity and economic influence. Faced at the plague, surgeons are the most sought caregivers in the triad "physician-surgeon-apothecary. " The plague of 1720-1722 is an opportunity to study how surgeons are organized in times of epidemic. The establishment of a prosopographic dictionary of active surgeons during the plague shows the extent of their involvement. For this public health anti-plague be effective, it must go beyond the single Marseille, to include neighboring towns or sometimes more distant in the Levant and Barbary where "surgeons nation" just take place to fight against the plague. Marseilles anti-plague system is an early form of globalization of health at the Mediterranean scale
Berlan, Hélène. "Faire sa médecine au XVIIIe siècle (1707-1789) : recrutement et devenir professionnel des étudiants montpelliérains." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30051.
Full textDelattre, Eric. "Comportements d'offre de soins des médecins français : étude microéconométrique sur un panel de médecins libéraux français (1979-1993)." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100059.
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