Relevant bibliographies by topics / Médecins sans frontières (Association)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Médecins sans frontières (Association)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Médecins sans frontières (Association)"

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Tounsi, Linnea Latifa, Hadjer Latif Daebes, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, Maximilian Nerlander, Momer Jaweed, Bashir Ahmad Mamozai, Masood Nasim, Gustaf Drevin, Miguel Trelles, and Johan von Schreeb. "Association Between Gender, Surgery and Mortality for Patients Treated at Médecins Sans Frontières Trauma Centre in Kunduz, Afghanistan." World Journal of Surgery 43, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-019-05015-w.

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HAMMAD, SAMAR M., IHAB A. NASER, MAHMMOUD H. TALEB, and AYMAN S. ABUTAIR. "Dietary intake and Biochemical Indicators and their association with Wound Healing Process among Adult Burned Patients in the Gaza Strip." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.17.

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Burn is a traumatic injury that causes immunological, endocrine, inflammatory, many metabolic responses and emotional stress which can affect dietary, micronutrients and antioxidants intake, which in turn have effects on recovery outcomes. To investigate the role of the nutrition and dietary intake on the progression of the different stages of the healing process among burned patients in Gaza strip. One hundred burned adult patients (36males and 64 females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional clinic-based study at Médecins Sans Frontières/ France clinics in Gaza Strip. Pretested interview questionnaires, Food Frequency Questionnaires, 24 hour dietary recall, anthropometric measures, and biochemical tests were used to assess dietary, health, and healing score among burned patients. This study reported positive association between Magnesium (χ2=8.700, p=0.013), Copper (χ2=60.916, p=<0.0001), and Vitamin C (χ2=91.684, p=<0.0001)) with healing score. The results reported that the protein and energy intake were significantly lower (< 0.001) than the recommendations for both components, which might explain the higher prevalence of moderate healing (65%) among the participants. The adequacy of micronutrients such as Magnesium, Copper, and Vitamin C might be associated with positive wound healing outcomes. Consumption of healthy food is very important for healing process among burned patients. There is a real need for planned and well-balanced meals for burned patients.
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Medozile, Macceau, Gina S. Lovasi, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, and Lori A. Hoepner. "Excess mortality in northern Haiti during the 2010 cholera epidemic." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 12 (December 6, 2023): e0011750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011750.

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In the course of infectious disease outbreaks, barriers to accessing health care can contribute to preventable mortality. According to the Ministry of Health of Haiti (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population [MSPP]), the 2010 cholera epidemic caused 7,936 deaths from October 2010 to December 2012 in Haiti alone. We seek to quantify the excess mortality attributable to patients not seeking care during the cholera outbreak in the Nord Department in 2010–2012. Using data from a community-based retrospective survey conducted by Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières [MSF]) in Northern Haiti, we used logistic regression to examine the association between healthcare utilization and fatality among household members with watery diarrhea in the Communes of Borgne, Pilate, Plaisance, and Port-Margot in the Nord Department. We found that failing to seek care resulted in a 5-fold increase in the case fatality ratio among infected individuals (26%) versus those who sought care (5%). Common concerns noted for why care was not sought included travel distance to treatment centers, not attributing watery diarrhea episodes to cholera, and being unsure where to seek health care for their watery diarrhea episodes within their Communes. In conclusion, addressing transportation and information needs could increase healthcare utilization and reduce lives lost during an outbreak.
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van Deursen, Babette, Annick Lenglet, Cono Ariti, Barkat Hussain, Jaap Karsten, Harriet Roggeveen, Debbie Price, Jena Fernhout, Ahmed Abdi, and Antonio Isidro Carrion Martin. "Risks and seasonal pattern for mortality among hospitalized infants in a conflict-affected area of Pakistan, 2013-2016. A retrospective chart review." F1000Research 8 (June 24, 2019): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19547.1.

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Background: In recent years, Médecins Sans Frontières has observed high mortality rates among hospitalized infants in Pakistan. We describe the clinical characteristics of the infants admitted between 2013 and 2016 in order to acquire a better understanding on the risk factors for mortality. Methods: We analyzed routinely collected medical data from infants (<7 months) admitted in Chaman and Dera Murad Jamali (DMJ) hospitals. The association between clinical characteristics and mortality was estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Between 2013 and 2016, 5,214 children were admitted (male/female ratio: 1.60) and 1,178 (23%) died. Days since admission was associated with a higher risk of mortality and decreased with each extra day of admission after seven days. The first 48 hours of admission was strongly associated with a higher risk of mortality. A primary diagnosis of tetanus, necrotizing enterocolitis, prematurity, sepsis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were strongly associated with higher rates of mortality. We observed an annual peak in the mortality rate in September. Conclusions: The first days of admission are critical for infant survival. Furthermore, the found male/female ratio was exceedingly higher than the national ratio of Pakistan. The observed seasonality in mortality rate by week has not been previously reported. It is fully recommended to do further in-depth research on male/female ratio differences and the reasons behind the annual peaks in mortality rate by week.
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Borras-Bermejo, Blanca, Isabella Panunzi, Catherine Bachy, and Julita Gil-Cuesta. "Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) in children up to 5 years old in 19 Médecins Sans Frontières-supported health facilities: a cross-sectional survey in six low-resource countries." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (July 2022): e059900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059900.

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ObjectiveTo describe missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) among children visiting Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)-supported facilities, their related factors, and to identify reasons for non-vaccination.DesignCross-sectional surveys conducted between 2011 and 2015.Setting and participantsChildren up to 59 months of age visiting 19 MSF-supported facilities (15 primary healthcare centres and four hospitals) in Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mauritania, Niger, Pakistan and South Sudan. Only children whose caregivers presented their vaccination card were included.Outcome measuresWe describe MOV prevalence and reasons for no vaccination. We also assess the association of MOV with age, type of facility and reason for visit.ResultsAmong 5055 children’s caregivers interviewed, 2738 presented a vaccination card of whom 62.8% were eligible for vaccination, and of those, 64.6% had an MOV. Presence of MOV was more likely in children visiting a hospital or a health facility for a reason other than vaccination. MOV occurrence was significantly higher among children aged 12–23 months (84.4%) and 24–59 months (88.3%) compared with children below 12 months (56.2%, p≤0.001). Main reasons reported by caregivers for MOV were lack of vaccines (40.3%), reason unknown (31.2%) and not being informed (17.6%).ConclusionsAvoiding MOV should remain a priority in low-resource settings, in line with the new ‘Immunization Agenda 2030’. Children beyond their second year of life are particularly vulnerable for MOV. We strongly recommend assessment of eligibility for vaccination as routine healthcare practice regardless of the reason for the visit by screening vaccination card. Strengthening implementation of ‘Second year of life’ visits and catch-up activities are proposed strategies to reduce MOV.
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Evans, Roger. "Médecins Sans Frontières." Nursing Standard 29, no. 10 (November 5, 2014): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.10.32.s38.

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Sharma, Dhananjaya. "Global Surgery: advent of a new discipline." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221631.

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Global surgery is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary field, aiming to provide equitable and improved surgical care across international health systems often with a focus on underserved populations of low- and middle-income countries1. History is witness that Christian Missionaries, International Committee of the Red Cross, Aga Khan Foundation and Islamic Association of North America have been offering humanitarian health support, including Surgery, to the needy since long. These were joined by League of Nations Health Organization (since 1920; later became the World Health Organization in 1946) and Médecins Sans Frontières (since 1971)2. However, Surgery remained ‘The neglected stepchild of global health’3. Main reason for this was lack of data leading to knowledge gap about the magnitude of the problem. The much needed catalyst for development of Global Surgery was the launch of Lancet Commission on Global Surgery report in January 20144. This report provided the much needed data about unmet needs of Surgery which grabbed the World’s attention: 5 billion people not having access to safe, timely affordable surgery and anaesthesia; leading to 18.6 million preventable early deaths each year - more than the number of people who die from HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined; millions of patients facing catastrophic expenditures when faced with surgical costs and many low- and middle-income countries likely to lose up to 2% of GDP due to loss of proper surgical care leading to loss of productivity. They also predicted that to reach the necessary levels of access to surgery by 2030 would require an investment of $420 billion, which would save an estimated $12 trillion in lost GDP over the same period, making it a very sound investment. And global burden of surgical disease was estimated to be ~ 30%5.
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Ansbro, Éimhín Mary, Michel Biringanine, Grazia Caleo, David Prieto-Merino, Zia Sadique, Pablo Perel, Kiran Jobanputra, and Bayard Roberts. "Management of diabetes and associated costs in a complex humanitarian setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e030176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030176.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate an Integrated Diabetic Clinic within a Hospital Outpatient Department (IDC-OPD) in a complex humanitarian setting in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific objectives were to: (1) analyse diabetes intermediate clinical and programmatic outcomes (blood pressure (BP)/glycaemic control, visit volume and frequency); (2) explore the association of key insecurity and related programmatic events with these outcomes; and (3) describe incremental IDC-OPD programme costs.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of routine programmatic data collected from January 2014 to February 2017; analysis of programme costs for 2014/2015.SettingOutpatient diabetes programme in Mweso hospital, supported by Médecins sans Frontières, in North Kivu, Demographic Republic of Congo.ParticipantsDiabetes patients attending IDC-OPD.Outcome measuresIntermediate clinical and programmatic outcome trends (BP/ glycaemic control; visit volume/frequency); incremental programme costs.ResultsOf 243 diabetes patients, 44.6% were women, median age was 45 (IQR 32–56); 51.4% were classified type 2. On introduction of IDC-OPD, glucose control improved and patient volume and visit interval increased. During insecurity, control rates were initially maintained by a nurse-provided, scaled-back service, while patient volume and visit interval decreased. Following service suspension due to drug stock-outs, patients were less likely to achieve control, improving on service resumption. Total costs decreased 16% from 2014 (€36 573) to 2015 (€30 861). Annual cost per patient dropped from €475 in 2014 to €214 in 2015 due to reduced supply costs and increased patient numbers.ConclusionsIn a chronic conflict setting, we documented that control of diabetes intermediate outcomes was achievable during stable periods. During insecure periods, a simplified, nurse-led model maintained control rates until drug stock-outs occurred. Incremental per patient annual costs were lower than chronic HIV care costs in low-income settings. Future operational research should define a simplified diabetes care package including emergency preparedness.
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Thurtle, Natalie, Katharine A. Kirby, Jane Greig, Karla Bil, Paul I. Dargan, Godwin N. Ntadom, and Nicholas A. Buckley. "Neonatal blood lead concentration predicts medium term lead-related outcomes in children ≤5 years old with congenital lead poisoning: A retrospective cohort study in Northern Nigeria." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 3 (March 29, 2023): e0001644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001644.

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Mother-to-child-transmission of lead via the placenta is known to result in congenital lead toxicity. Between 2010 and 2021, Médecins Sans Frontières and other stakeholders responded to a severe lead poisoning outbreak related to artisanal gold mining in Northern Nigeria. Extensive environmental remediation occurred following outbreak identification; source control efforts are ongoing within the community. We aimed to describe the prevalence of congenital lead poisoning in this cohort and analyse the association between neonatal blood lead concentration (BLC) and medium-term lead-related outcomes during the study period. Children enrolled in the lead poisoning programme between July 2010 and 25 January 2018 who had a screening BLC at ≤4 weeks of age were included. For time-to-event analysis, medium-term outcomes were classified as lead-related (death from lead encephalopathy, and/or met chelation threshold) and non-lead-related (non-lead-related death, on programme no chelation, exit from programme without chelation). Cox regression analysis and ROC analysis were performed. 1468 children were included. All-cause mortality 2.3%; geometric mean neonatal BLC 13.7 μg/dL; ‘lead-related death or treatment’ 19.3%. For every doubling in neonatal BLC, there was an almost 8-fold increase in adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the composite lead-related outcome (p<0.001). A neonatal BLC ≥ 15.0 μg/dL had 95% sensitivity for identifying children who went on to have the composite outcome (with specificity 67%; positive likelihood ratio 2.86). Congenital lead poisoning predicts ongoing exposure in this population, even after environmental remediation. This suggests a complex, early, multidisciplinary approach to source control and exposure management is required when elevated neonatal BLC is observed in lead poisoning clusters in low-and-middle-income contexts.
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Shablystyi, Volodymyr V., Kseniia E. Kosiachenko, Vasyl S. Berezniak, Roman A. Katorkin, and Viktor Y. Konopelskyi. "Activities of international medical and humanitarian non-governmental organizations in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law." Christian Journal for Global Health 10, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v10i1.749.

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The relevance of this article is due to the fact that as a result of Russia's full-scale military offensive on the territory of Ukraine, there was an acute and unprecedented need for assistance to the population from international non-governmental organizations. Such assistance manifests itself in various aspects, from humanitarian to financial. That is why today it is important to get acquainted with the experience of international non-governmental medical and humanitarian organizations in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law imposed as a consequence of the military aggression by the Russian Federation, elaboration of recommendations for improvement of the legal regulation of their functioning. For this purpose, the authors utilized the methods of analysis and synthesis, the comparative law method, the method of generalization of viewpoints and research results. The article employs the doctrinal provisions of the domestic and foreign science with regard to the legal basis for the activities of international medical and humanitarian non-governmental organizations in Ukraine as well as the statistical data on the activities of public associations during the period of introduction of martial law. This study was conducted taking into account the experience of non-governmental organizations in other countries. The authors have established that during the period of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine the leading role in providing humanitarian and medical assistance to individuals affected by the war is played by such international non-governmental organizations as Médecins Sans Frontières, the International Committee of the Red Cross and Oxfam. These associations provide multi-vector aid: medical, humanitarian, financial, educational, etc. It has been proven that such activities exert a positive impact on the dynamics of the determinants of criminal offenses, however they require improvement and facilitation of legal regulation, since Russia's attack on Ukraine has leveled down their influence on the global security situation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Médecins sans frontières (Association)"

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Hervet, Christel. "Médecins sans frontières, 25 ans d'humanitaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24854.pdf.

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Rambaud, Elsa. "Médecins sans frontières : Sociologie d'une institution critique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010350.

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Première ONG de secours médical d'urgence, MSF est de ces organisations qui ont institutionnalisé la critique. Les courants sociologiques les plus opposés y ont vu une activité « extra - ordinaire» dont les ressorts seraient essentiellement idéels. Mettant à mal cette hypothèse unificatrice, MSF permet d'étudier l'ancrage social de ces pratiques. On étudie la construction par ses leaders d'une position d'avant-garde dans le champ humanitaire. Dotée d'un centre de recherche, MSF dispose de sa grammaire - entendue ici dans un sens métaphorique et de ses « grammairiens ». L'un dans l'autre, elle peut déployer de magistraux coups critiques comme l'arrêt de sa collecte pour le tsunami. L'analyse des dispositions et du charisme critiques du « Roi René )) des MSF, Rony Brauman, s'avère indispensable à la compréhension des « instances» associatives dédiées à cette activité. Elle repose aussi sur une répartition incertaine des espaces de travail et un ensemble de techniques de fragmentation du pouvoir. Après avoir analysé le «jeu du rappel à l'ordre )), on verra les MSF composer avec les attentes critiques de l'ONG. Ces différentes adaptations éclairent un cens critique qui n'est pas sans effet sur les opérations de MSF. La critique étant indissociable de l'exercice du pouvoir, son étude donne la clef d'une gouvernance interne ponctuée de« crises» et nourrie d'attachements puissants à MSF. Croisant sociologie des relations internationales, du militantisme et de la critique à l'appui de cette normalisation épistémologique, cette thèse repose sur une série d'entretiens et de discussions informelles, différents fonds d'archives et de nombreuses observations de type ethnographique
Médecins Sans Frontières is the first international medical emergency aid NGO and an organization that has institutionalized critical activity, a phenomenon that this thesis seeks to understand. The most opposite sociologies have studied criticism as an extra-ordinary practice which would be a matter of pure ideas. In contrast with this common frame of analysis, we explore its social rooting. We study the construction of an avant-garde position inside the humanitarian arena. With its center of reflexion, MSF has its own « grammar» (in a metaphoric sense) and its own grammarians. This specificity and its position allow it to play critical blows like the stop of its fund raising for the tsunami at the top of the mobilization (2005). We distinguished three devices underpinning criticism inside the NGO. Amazingly, the first one is a man: Rony Brauman. Understanding the institutionalization of criticism implies studying « Roi René» critical charisma. The second one, instances dedicated to criticism, can be considered as his heritage. The third one is an uncertain division of labor sometimes sustained by power fragmentation technologies. After analyzing the «game of the call to order», we then focus on different adaptations of MSF members to the NGO's critical expectation, examining the cost of criticism and its effects. Critique being inseparable from power, its study sheds light on MSF 's governance and its members ' strong commitment. This sociological normalization of critical practices, between sociology of international relations and collective action, is based on a corpus of interviews and discussions, various archive collections and ethnographical observations
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Delvaux, Denise. "The politics of humanitarian organizations : neutrality and solidarity : the case of the ICRC and MSF during the 1994 Rwandan genocide /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/146/.

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Ravel, Christiane. "Bilan d' une expérience d' aide médicale dans le cadre du projet "Médecins sans frontières" au Tchad." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF11016.

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Gunnarsson, Ruthman Jon. "Internal membership democracy and motions for change : The case of the Medécins Sans Frontières Association." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-347861.

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The world is changing and humanitarian organisations need to be equipped to change with it. This case study has examined the internal democracy within the association of Medécins Sans Frontières (MSF), the creation of social capital and how it can be used to create bottom-up medical organisational change though motions. The selection of 6 motions was made to investigate if they have created the change they intended to create. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that members have the power to create organisational change and that such changes depend on a high degree of internal membership democracy. Internal democracy is in turn a precondition for the formation of social capital. In total were 12 in depth interviews conducted with members, former and current board members as well as the executive. In addition to this has an analysis of video recoded motion debates and feedback session been analysed along with other relevant internal documentation. The study has found that the association of MSF is founded on democratic principles as a mean to guide and hold the executive responsible and fulfils formal criterion for a democracy. The internal democracy has a series of weaknesses in it, like lack of participation from members and unequal weight of influences of different members and national associations. It is also facing threats of executive manipulation due to weak boards. Despite this the association has created a strong social capital that unfortunately is unevenly distributed among the members and its social capital is at risk of declining. Regarding motions there is a lot of potential in this formal tool of influence, but often it is not the motion itself but what the motion writers and audience do with the information as well as if the executive agrees with the motions that create the intended change. It can be interpreted as if down-top approaches to operational medical organisational change only will be achieved if the “top” agrees to the change. In conclusion, the assumption of this thesis has thus been proven to a certain extent. Members have the power to create organisational change through motions but their ability to do that depends on a high degree of internal democracy but also on informal contacts. Social capital is built in the process in the social networks that each association form individually as well as together with all MSF associations. However it is not necessarily a precondition to organisational change even though it is a product of the existing internal democracy. MSF has the opportunity to strengthen the democratic process and to be better equipped to create organisational change in the future.
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Maman, David. "Analyse multicentrique du devenir des patients vivants avec le VIH dans les cohortes suivies par Médecins Sans Frontières France en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10146.

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Près des deux tiers des patients vivant avec le VIH habitent en Afrique sub-saharienne. Dans ces pays à ressources limitées, la question du niveau optimal de CD4 pour débuter le traitement antirétroviral (ARV) est un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Nous avons étudié la reconstitution immunitaire à long terme sous ARV et son association avec la survie dans quatre projets de prise en charge du VIH soutenus par Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) en Afrique sub-Saharienne entre 2001 et 2010. Nous avons utilisé des modèles mixtes pour prendre en compte les mesures de CD4 répétées aussi bien dans la modélisation de la réponse immunitaire que dans l'analyse de survie. Dans la première partie modélisant la reconstitution immunitaire, nous avons montré que les femmes ont une meilleure reconstitution immunitaire que les hommes et que la capacité de reconstitution immunitaire est la même quel que soit le taux de CD4 au démarrage des ARV. La deuxième étude a mis en évidence que la survie était améliorée sous ARV chez les patients atteignant un taux de CD4 courant supérieur à 500 cellules/μL par rapport à ceux qui ont un taux de CD4 entre 350 et 499 cellules/μL. Le sexe, l'âge et l'observance ont aussi été identifiés comme prédicteurs indépendants de mortalité après neuf mois sous ARV. En conclusion, nous montrons que les femmes ont une meilleure reconstitution immunitaire et atteignent plus vite un taux de CD4 de 500 cellules/μL qui est associé à une meilleure survie. Ce travail suggère qu'un démarrage plus précoce des ARV, avant que le taux de CD4 ne tombe en dessous de 500 cellules/μl, pourrait améliorer la survie et confirme le besoin d'essais cliniques évaluant les bénéfices individuels d'une telle stratégie
Almost two third of individuals living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa. In these resource limited countries, the optimal CD4 cell count level to initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART) is still debated. We studied long term immune reconstitution on ART and its association with survival in four HIV programs supported by Médecins Sans Frontières in sub-Saharan Africa between 2001 and 2010. We used mixed models to account for repeated CD4 measurements in the modelling of the immune reconstitution and the survival analysis. In the first part modelling immune response to ART, we showed that women achieved a better immune reconstitution compared to men and that the immune reconstitution capacity is the same for each level of CD4 at ART initiation. The second study showed that survival is improved for patient with an updated CD4 above 500 cells/μL compared to those with CD4 levels between 350-499 cells/μL. Furthermore, gender, age and adherence are independently associated with mortality. As a conclusion, women have a better immune reconstitution and achieved quicker
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Campagne, Jean-Michel. "Santé et hygiène dans un camp de réfugiés : à propos d'une expérience avec médecins sans frontières dans un camp de réfugiés cambodgiens en Thai͏̈lande." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M214.

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Raisson, Sonia. "Le rôle du personnel national dans le management stratégique des ONG humanitaires : l'approche ressource appliquée au cas MSF." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_raisson_s.pdf.

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Une Organisation Non Gouvernementale (ONG) doit concilier les contraintes de son environnement, les attentes de ses parties prenantes, et la mission sociale à l’origine de sa création et de sa culture organisationnelle, pour élaborer sa stratégie. Une articulation judicieuse de ses ressources et de ses compétences peut permettre à l’ONG d’améliorer sa performance en créant de nouvelles compétences au sein d’un processus récursif et adaptatif d’apprentissage organisationnel. Les ressources centrales d’une ONG sont les hommes et les femmes qui la constituent et font vivre sa mission sociale à travers leur engagement et leur adhésion à cette mission. Parmi ces ressources, nous nous sommes intéressés au personnel national, recruté directement dans les pays où l’ONG intervient. Nous avons en effet pu observer un changement des pratiques des ONG humanitaires françaises, qui tend vers une meilleure intégration de ce personnel national, aux niveaux administratif, opérationnel et associatif. Nous avons donc souhaité comprendre comment cette intégration pouvait permettre aux ONG humanitaires de renouveler leurs compétences au travers d’un processus de métissage et d’apprentissage organisationnel tout en améliorant leur performance organisationnelle. Pour mener cette étude, nous avons observé la mise en place d’une politique d’intégration du personnel national au sein d’une ONG humanitaire française, Médecins Sans Frontières
To develop its strategy, a humanitarian Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) needs to conciliate its stakeholders’ expectations, its founding social mission and organizational culture and the environment’s constraints. If it manages to articulate its resources and competences in a wise manner, an NGO can improve its performance by developing new competencies in a recursive and adaptive process of organizational learning. An NGO’s central resources lie in the men and women who constitute it and promote its social mission through their involvement and their faith in the mission. Among these resources, we focus on national staff, recruited directly in the countries where NGOs work. We have noticed a change in French humanitarian NGOs’ practices towards their national staff. These practices tend to be more integrative at administrative, operational and associative levels. We therefore wish to understand how this integration could help humanitarian NGOs renew and develop their competencies through an organizational learning and hybridization process. This integration could therefore contribute to improving their organizational performance. We chose to carry out a case study analysis of the French NGO Médecins Sans Frontières, which has implemented a new integration policy towards its national staff
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Duroch, Françoise. "Résistances et appropriations institutionnelles des Organisations Non Gouvernementales autour de la notion de victimes de violences sexuelles : le cas de Médecins Sans Frontières en République Démocratique du Congo." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/duroch_f.

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Ce travail se propose d'analyser les processus d'apprentissage de l'organisation humanitaire Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) autour de la notion de victimes de violences sexuelles. Une première partie est consacrée à un essai conceptuel et critique des concepts de victimes de viols, notamment dans le champ des sciences sociales, ainsi qu'à une introduction à l'histoire de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). La deuxième partie porte sur l'étude qualitative d'une des plus importantes interventions de l'organisation MSF à l’Est de la RDC en faveur des victimes de violences sexuelles. 2695 anamnèses médicales de patients reçus par l'organisation ont été étudiées afin de comprendre le phénomène des viols de masse dans cette région, des entretiens semi-directifs ont également été menés avec les volontaires et cadres de l'organisation participant à la mise en œuvre de ce type d'opération. Un dernier volet décrit les éléments qui ont conduit MSF à considérer le phénomène des violences sexuelles sur ses terrains d'interventions ainsi que les processus d'appropriation et de résistance de l'organisation vis à vis de ces problématiques. Les dynamiques d'apprentissage organisationnel semblent avoir été favorisées par un ensemble d'évènements clés : conflits, pandémie du SIDA, environnement institutionnel favorable, scandales médiatiques. Les résistances se construisent autour des représentations sociales de la victime et d'enjeux éthiques et techniques. Dans ces processus, devraient apparaître des formes de médiations, des passeurs de sens qui contribueraient à rendre signifiant la pose d’actes autour de phénomènes quelquefois situés dans les sphères de l'indicible
This work offers to analyse the learning process of the humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontière (Doctors without borders / MSF) around the notions of victims of sexual violence. The first part is dedicated to a conceptual and critical essay on the concepts of rape victims, in particular in the field of social sciences, as well as to an introduction to the history of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The second part of the study presents a qualitative study of one MSF's most important intervention in Eastern DRC in favour of victims of sexual violence. The medical anamnesis of 2695 patients received by the organisation were studied in order to understand the phenomenon of massive rapes in this region; semi-directive interviews have also been conducted with volunteers and managers of the organization participating to the development of this type of operations. The last section describes the elements which have led MSF to consider the phenomenon of sexual violence in its fields of interventions, as well as the organization's appropriation and resistance processes vis-à-vis these issues. The organisational learning dynamics seems to have been made possible by a set of key events: conflicts, HIV-Aids pandemics, favourable institutional environment, and scandals in the media. Resistances develop around social representations of the victim, as well as ethical and technical stakes. In these processes should appear some forms of mediation, some conveyors of meaning, pedagogues of the otherness, which could contribute to bringing significance to action-taking around phenomena sometimes located in the spheres of the unspeakable
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Cunningham, Andrew John. "The relationship between humanitarian international non-governmental organisations and states in periods of civil war : case study of Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland and the Government of Sri Lanka." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-between-humanitarian-international-nongovernmental-organisations-and-states-in-periods-of-civil-war(9eb90896-95db-4efd-bb42-5fc0c783d654).html.

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This research examines the relationship between a humanitarian international non-governmental organisation (INGO) and a state against the background of civil war. This relationship is established as two sets of norms in tension: The moral as represented and made operational by humanitarian INGOs and the political as articulated and practised by states, mediated through the discourse of identity. Specifically the study investigates the constructed relationship between the humanitarian INGO Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland (MSF-H) and the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) during two periods of the Sri Lankan civil war (2006 and 2008-2009). A negotiation structure is proposed where an external actor—a humanitarian INGO—attempts to operate within the internal environment of a state. For a state, civil war is a ‘state of exception’, where a government’s prerogative to act outside ‘normal’ legal and moral boundaries may be taken up and where international actors are securitised. For a humanitarian organisation a civil war is defined as a humanitarian crisis which must be responded to using humanitarian principles in a non-political manner. This case study relationship is viewed from both MSF-Holland’s and the GoSL’s perspectives. On the side of the GoSL the study describes and analyses the government’s decision-making when faced by international criticism, a humanitarian crisis, and international organisations attempting to work on its territory. The background for the GoSL’s actions is extensively explored. MSF-Holland’s response to the thinking and actions by the GoSL is also closely examined, as is its internal discussions concerning its role in the context as a humanitarian actor. A discourse analysis methodology is used to analyse the primary source material. It was found that when securitised MSF-H had various options in responding: Accommodation to the demands of the GoSL; withdrawal from the country; counter-attacking the government; or concealment—hiding itself from attention. Rejecting these MSF-H chose desecuritisation. In the 2006 period engagement between the actors was possible albeit difficult; the securitisation process was manageable through desecuritisation. However, in the 2008-2009 period securitisation prohibited action and speech, and desecuritisation was not effective. The thesis proposes a theoretical framework—a negotiation structure, within which to understand these interactions, based on the case study findings. The conclusion points to further research needs and discusses the usefulness of the proposed negotiation structure to other contexts.
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Books on the topic "Médecins sans frontières (Association)"

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Roger, Job, and Médecins sans frontières (Association), eds. Lettres sans frontières. Bruxelles: Editions Complexe, 1994.

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Vachon, Marc. Rebelle sans frontières. [Montréal]: Boréal, 2005.

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Brauman, Rony. Pourquoi je suis devenu-- médecin humanitaire. Montrouge: Bayard, 2009.

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Brauman, Rony. Pourquoi je suis devenu-- médecin humanitaire. Montrouge: Bayard, 2009.

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Brauman, Rony. Pourquoi je suis devenu-- médecin humanitaire. Montrouge: Bayard, 2009.

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Ibáñez, Felicitas. Misión en África. Barcelona: Ediciones B, 2009.

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(Association), Médecins sans frontières, ed. Voices from the silence: Testimonies from Angola. Toronto: Médecins sans frontières, 2004.

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Vachon, Marc. Rebel without borders: Frontline missions in Africa and the Gulf. Toronto: ECW Press, 2008.

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Reich, Christopher. Rules of vengeance. New York: Doubleday, 2009.

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Fabiani, Jean-Noël. Le chirurgien et le marabout. Paris]: Plon, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Médecins sans frontières (Association)"

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Schmid, Evelyne, David B. Howard, A. Joseph Borrell, Anael Labigne, Muhammad Eeqbal Farouque Hassim, Andrea Schuessler, Olivier Chavaren, et al. "Médecins Sans Frontières." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 979–80. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_423.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_50.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_50.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010, 50–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_49.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_49.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59051-3_48.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59541-9_47.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2005, 108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271333_82.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271340_49.

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Turner, Barry. "Médecins sans Frontières (MSF)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2007, 55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271357_51.

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Conference papers on the topic "Médecins sans frontières (Association)"

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Yang, SL, M. Gonzalez, HA Hazaea Mohammed, SY Lim, E. Ferreras, A. Luczynska, M. Escruela, et al. "Morbidity patterns and factors associated with mortality in the Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centre in Abs General Hospital, Yemen: an unmatched case-control study." In MSF Scientific Days International 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/uth6tren.

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INTRODUCTION Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centre (ITFC) in Abs General Hospital, Yemen, provides nutrition treatment and management of medical complications to children affected by the humanitarian crisis in Abs and surrounding areas. In the past 2 years, the monthly mortality rate for children younger than 14 years averaged at 2.5–5% during non-peak months (Médecins Sans Frontières [MSF] indicator threshold for ITFC is 5%), but it increased to 7% during the peak months. We aimed to describe ITFC patients’ demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables, and assess their association with inpatient mortality. METHODS We conducted an unmatched case-control study with patients aged <14 years who attended IFTC between January and December 2022. Cases were patients for whom the ITFC exit was recorded as “death” (n=106), and controls were those with the exit recorded as “discharged”, selected via systematic random sampling (n=218). Descriptive statistics were performed for all variables. We assessed associations with mortality by calculating adjusted odds ratios (aORs) via multivariable logistic regression, controlling for factors significant in the univariable analysis. RESULTS About 77% of patients were aged ≥6 months (71/106 cases and 178/218 controls). Gender distribution was even in both groups. The median mid-upper arm circumference was 88 mm in patients aged <6 months and 104 mm in those aged ≥6 months; 89% of the patients had weight-for-height Z score of <–3. The most common diagnoses at death were pneumonia (38%), gastroenteritis (24%), and sepsis (23%). Patients who lived at the three districts to the north of Abs had significantly higher odds of death (crude ORs 3.47, 3.64, and 6.07) than patients from Abs districts. Having shock (aOR 29.2, 95% CI 6.61–151), hypoglycaemia (9.33, 2.98–32.2), and sepsis (7.52, 2.60–24.1) were strongly associated with inpatient mortality. Other significant risk factors for mortality included age (aOR 1.07, 1.03–1.11), high paediatric early warning score (1.14, 1.01–1.30), being given intravenous fluid without documented shock (3.64, 1.20–12.6), respiratory distress (4.36, 1.47–13.8), congenital heart disease (5.44, 1.42–22.5), and hepatomegaly (6.78, 1.45–36.0). Several medical complications were found exclusively among deceased patients (e.g., electrolyte disturbance, hypothermia, and coma). Among those who received rehydration treatment (n=280), plan B with ReSoMal was the least used plan (15%). CONCLUSION We identified important demographic and clinical factors associated with ITFC mortality. Geographical disparity suggests a need for healthcare gap and access evaluation to the affected regions. Prompt recognition of shock, hypoglycaemia, sepsis, and other significant clinical factors would enable early intervention and closer patient monitoring. Lastly, this study highlights the importance of adherence to fluid management guideline.
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Nurintan, Okdela, Maora Rianti Masya, and Randhi Satria. "Humanitarian Actions of Médecins Sans Frontières’ Response to Humanitarian Crisis in Syria 2011-2015." In The 4th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007034100010001.

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Haj-Hassan, TA, M. Amer, K. Al-Jubori, H. Salim, M. Jakubcova, A. Hameed, K. Thanon, and JE Dewez. "Implementation of Bubble CPAP in a Humanitarian Context: The Experience of Médecins Sans Frontières in Mosul, Iraq." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/wsnjd3llzr.

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Michel, Sylvie, Sylvie Gerbaix, and Marc Bidan. "Building Resilient Supply Chains with Information Systems: Key Lessons from Médecins Sans Frontières Logistique During the COVID-19 Crisis." In 25th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012038000003467.

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TA, Haj-Hassan, Amer M, Al-Jubori K, Salim H, Hameed A, Thanon K, and Dewez JE. "The implementation of continuous positive airway pressure in a humanitarian content: The experience of Médecins sans Frontières in Mosul, Iraq." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/f0fo0r.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is recommended for neonates with respiratory distress. CPAP is widely used in high-income countries, but less so in low- and middle-income settings. Here we assess key aspects of implementing CPAP in a humanitarian setting and describe the initial cohort of neonates treated, along with their clinical outcomes. METHODS MSF implemented CPAP in a basic neonatal unit in Mosul following the request of the local medical team. Implementation of two bubble CPAP machines included initial training and refresher training one year later. Clinical data was recorded over 16 months (13 April 2021- 21 July 2022). Descriptive statistics were used to assess the feasibility and outcomes of using CPAP in this setting. RESULTS CPAP was well accepted by most healthcare workers and parents. 93 neonates were placed on CPAP. 98% of patients had a birthweight >1.5Kg. The main indications were respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, transient tachypnoea, and meconium aspiration (46%, 22%, 16%, and 14% respectively). Average duration on CPAP was 53 hours. 63% of patients recovered, 8% were discharged against medical advice, 9% were referred, and 15% died. Among the 15 patients who died at our facility or at the referral facility, 7 had a contraindication to CPAP, and the initiation of CPAP was delayed in 9 patients. Complications included minor nasal lesions (17%), irritability (8%), and pneumothoraces (5%). DISCUSSION Most patients improved with CPAP and were discharged home. 5% of patients developed pneumothoraces, which is in keeping with other reports. However, among patients who did not improve, a significant proportion had contraindications to CPAP initiation and/or were placed on CPAP in extremis, highlighting the importance of clear indication criteria and training. Using CPAP in a humanitarian setting may be feasible but is associated with high human resource needs for both training and practice.
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Chilinda, G., F. Husein, L. Massamba, S. Meja, L. Gadama, G. Gadama, G. Sylvie, et al. "728 Médecins sans frontières cervical cancer (CC) project in malawi: results of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) strategy for locally advanced CC." In ESGO 2021 Congress. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2021-esgo.61.

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Silsarma, A., AS Iyer, MA Galindo, VV Chavan, Su Khan, A. Dalal, Z. Ndlovu, M. Morales, H. Spencer, and P. Isaakidis. "High prevalence of bedaquiline and linezolid resistance in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in a Médecins Sans Frontières clinic, Mumbai, India." In MSF Scientific Day International 2023. NYC: MSF-USA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/k4rh-s938.

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INTRODUCTION Bedaquiline (BDQ) and linezolid (LZD) are Group A drugs and form part of shorter and longer BDQ-based regimens under India’s National Tuberculosis (TB) Programme. A systematic review including some data from India on acquired BDQ resistance reports 2.2% phenotypic and 4.4% genotypic resistance in patients treated with BDQ-based regimens. The pooled frequency of LZD resistance among drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) isolates was 4.2% in a different study. The emergence of resistance to BDQ is concerning as it results in difficulties in constructing regimens, and is associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients. Since 2015, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has provided treatment for TB patients in Mumbai with extensive resistance patterns, who need newer drugs and have limited treatment options under India’s National TB Elimination Programme. METHODS We carried out a descriptive retrospective study of routinely collected programmatic data from December 2020 to February 2022. The study population consisted of culture-positive DR-TB patients with BDQ and LZD exposure for over one month, referred to the MSF clinic with 1) suspected or confirmed treatment failure; 2) DR-TB diagnosed household contacts of BDQ-exposed DR-TB patients. ETHICS This research fulfilled the exemption criteria set by the MSF Ethics Review Board (ERB) for a posteriori analyses of routinely collected clinical data, and thus did not require MSF ERB review. RESULTS 88 culture-positive samples were subjected to BDQ and LZD drug susceptibility testing (DST). Of these, 27 showed resistance to BDQ, LZD, or both. 22.7% (20/88) showed BDQ resistance, 17% (15/88) LZD resistance, and eight patients (9%) were simultaneously resistant to BDQ and LZD. Of 88 samples, two were DR-TB diagnosed contacts of BDQ-exposed index cases, and the remaining were BDQ-exposed patients (> one month). In the resistant cohort of 27, equal proportions were male and female, and mean exposure to all Group A drugs was 14 months. 74% (20/27) patients had bilateral disease; 26% (7/27) had unilateral disease, of which 67% (18/27) had lung cavities. Simultaneous resistance to clofazimine and fluoroquinolones was found among 30% (8/27) and 78% (21/27) patients respectively. Within the resistant cohort, two patients refused treatment and 25 started on treatment. Out of 25 patients starting treatment, 8% (2/25) successfully completed treatment, 48% (12/25) died, 20% (5/25) failed, 4% (1/25) were lost to follow-up, and 20% (5/25) were still on treatment at the time of analysis. Of the five patients still on treatment patients, two culture-converted and three are still culture-positive after three months of treatment. CONCLUSION We observed a high proportion of BDQ and LZD resistance in patients who previously failed on BDQ and LZD-based regimens. We observe high mortality and unsuccessful outcomes in treating such cases. Designing effective treatment regimens for patients with retreatment episodes and a history of BDQ and LZD exposure is extremely challenging. We urgently recommend increased programmatic access to DST for LZD and BDQ, to ensure early access to effective regimens. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared
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Silsarma, A., AS Iyer, MA Galindo, VV Chavan, Su Khan, A. Dalal, Z. Ndlovu, M. Morales, H. Spencer, and P. Isaakidis. "High prevalence of bedaquiline and linezolid resistance in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in a Médecins Sans Frontières clinic, Mumbai, India." In MSF Scientific Day International 2023. NYC: MSF-USA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/0dpv-wz08.

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Fidelle Nyikayo, L., R. Mahajan, MJ Sagrado, YBP Ajack, B. Tut Chol, E. Osman, M. Sangma, et al. "Blinded point-of-care ultrasound to support tuberculosis diagnosis in children: a Médecins Sans Frontières cross-sectional study in Malakal, South Sudan." In MSF Scientific Days International 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/z24wzop1s.

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Niykayo, LF, R. Mahajan, MJ Sagrado, YBP Ajack, BT Chol, E. Osman, M. Sangma, et al. "Blinded point-of-care ultrasound to support tuberculosis diagnosis in children: a Médecins Sans Frontières cross-sectional study in Malakal, South Sudan." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/co9xkuy.

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Reports on the topic "Médecins sans frontières (Association)"

1

MSF Access, Campaign. DR-TB drugs under the microscope 2022. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/zxbm-0414.

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TB was the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent until the COVID pandemic. The number of people newly diagnosed with TB in 2020 fell by 18% from the previous year due to disruptions to health systems and services caused by the pandemic, with only a partial recovery in 2021. As a result, in 2021, only one in three people with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) received treatment for the disease. However, since the onset of the pandemic, more effective and patient-friendly treatments and regimens for adults and children have become available to the TB community. Now more than ever there is a need to accelerate treatment and save more lives. This Issue Brief – the eighth in this series – by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)’s Access Campaign, examines the current landscape and trends of DR-TB drug pricing and patents, and highlights challenges and opportunities to accelerate people’s access to lifesaving regimens that are shorter, all-oral and make use of the most effective medicines.
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