Academic literature on the topic 'Medellin Cartel'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medellin Cartel"
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Filippone, Robert. "The Medellin Cartel: Why we can't win the drug war." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 17, no. 4 (January 1994): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576109408435960.
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Bobkier, Robert. "Contemporary narcoterrorism in Latin America. A case of Colombia and Mexico." Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy 2, no. 43 (July 31, 2022): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9795.
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At the end of the Cold War, the term "narcoterrorism" was coined. This concept originally meant ties between drug dealers and terrorist organizations and the countries of the Soviet bloc. The definition of this phenomenon, developed later, is ambiguous and means both methods attributed to terrorists, applied by drug cartels and the financing of their activities by terrorist groups through drug trafficking. This article deals with the first of these meanings and discusses the situation in two Latin American countries. The Colombian Medellin cartel was the first to use typical terrorist measures. Criminals carried out bomb attacks on public buildings, planes and attacks on politicians. In doing so, they wanted to achieve the goal of preventing the extradition of cartel leaders. Mass drug production has been going on since the 1930s in Mexico, but at the turn of 21st century, local criminal groups monopolized drug trafficking routes to the US. In 2006, an attempt by the state to combat this practice resulted in a long-term "drug war", in which several hundred thousand people were killed. There has also been an unprecedented increase in crime in the world, to the point where about 100 people are killed at the hands of the cartels in Mexico on a daily basis. The international community has almost unanimously labeled the activities of the Mexican drug cartels as terrorism. Only the opinion expressed in Mexican literature differed in that respect. The cooperation of these cartels with terrorist organizations turned out to constitute another threat to international security. This kind of cooperation can bring mutual benefits to terrorist groups and the countries supporting them – especially in the case of money laundering. The long-term operation of cartels has created the phenomenon of "drug culture" in Latin American communities, glorifying the terrorist activities of cartels and the figures of their leaders.
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Trostle, Lawrence C. "Kings of Cocaine Inside the Medellin Cartel - An Astonishing True Story of Murder, Money and International Corruption." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 6, no. 3 (August 1990): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398620000600309.
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Sáez Pradas, Fernando. "Fantasías constructivas de la identidad narco a través de la estética. Una mirada relacional con el arte contemporáneo." Arte y Políticas de Identidad 26 (June 30, 2022): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reapi.529971.
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In this article we silver the drift of an imaginary. Narratives on the narco aesthetic and its possibilities in relation to contemporary artistic practices.We start from Matisse’s utopia to approach the postmodern scenario proposed, almost a hundred years later, by artists who come from the mostextravagant kitsch and capitalist universe, such as Damien Hirst, Maurizio Cattelan or Jeff Koons, where opulence, luxury and money are articulated in aperverse and ironic speech. In this tour we pay attention to aspects of life such as architecture, fashion, music, cinema or television series produced by theNetflix platform. We highlight the importance of drug trafficker Pablo Escobar, an icon of eccentricity and power, and we particularly point out his HaciendaNapoles, a symbol of the Medellin cartel. On this estate, he created his own zoo where hippos have ended up as ready-mades, transnational symbols thatserve to produce new and exotic realities. Throughout the text we observe how crime and the illegal, in innumerable bizarre turns of postmodern history,are incorporated into the narrative and even into aesthetic theory. En este artículo plateamos la deriva de un imaginario. Narrativas sobre la estética narco y sus posibilidades en relación con las prácticas artísticascontemporáneas. Partimos de la utopía de Matisse para acercarnos al escenario posmoderno que proponen, casi cien años después, artistas queprovienen del universo kitsch y capitalista más extravagante, como Damien Hirst, Maurizio Cattelan o Jeff Koons, donde la opulencia, lujo y dinero searticulan en un perverso e irónico discurso. En este recorrido prestamos atención a aspectos de la vida como la arquitectura, la moda, la música, el cineo las series de televisión producidas por la plataforma Netflix. Destacamos la importancia del narcotraficante Pablo Escobar, icono de la excentricidady poder, y señalamos de manera especial su Hacienda Nápoles, símbolo del cartel de Medellín. En esta finca creó su propio zoológico donde hipopótamoshan acabado convertidos en ready-mades, en símbolos transnacionales que sirven para producir nuevas y exóticas realidades. A lo largo del textoobservamos como el delito y lo ilegal, en innumerables giros rocambolescos de la historia posmoderna, se incorporan a la narrativa e incluso a la teoríaestética.
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Carvajal Sánchez, Fernando. "Se faire mâle dans le Medellín des années du Cartel." Sciences & Actions Sociales N° 7, no. 2 (November 19, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sas.007.0001.
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Bedoya, Jairo, Juan-Esteban Ríos, and Andrés Arredondo. "La coerción extorsiva en Medellín, Colombia." URVIO. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, no. 29 (January 9, 2021): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/urvio.29.2021.4413.
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Pese a la reducción drástica en el número de homicidios en Medellín, de 6500 en 1991 a 526 en 2019, atribuida al urbanismo social y destacada internacionalmente como “modelo Medellín”, las otras formas de criminalidad no ceden. La violencia extorsiva representa uno de los más significativos retos al desarrollo de ciudades asediadas por mafias, como Medellín. Este artículo introduce una nueva perspectiva conceptual para analizar el impacto de las prácticas extorsivas en el orden social y económico. Se fundamenta en los hallazgos empíricos y en las categorías analíticas intermedias de tres investigaciones recientes sobre extorsión urbana, para identificar cómo las actividades ilícitas y lícitas se amalgaman entre sí, y con la dinámica local. La protección violenta, herencia mafiosa de la confrontación del cartel de Medellín con el Estado colombiano, se fortalece con la coerción extorsiva. Al tornarse cada vez menos cruento, sistemático y generalizado, el chantaje coercitivo ha producido en la ciudad el amalgamamiento de lo legal-ilegal, en un creciente número de dimensiones sociales.
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Vallejo Duque, Yani. "Ciclos de violencia en la ciudad de Medellín, antecedentes para pensar las dinámicas de una paz urbana." Revista Kavilando 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.69664/kav.v15n1a2.
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Aproximación a nivel histórico sobre los ciclos de violencia por los cuales ha trasegado la ciudad de Medellín, comenzando desde la década de 1980 cuando se configura propiamente el cartel de Medellín, para luego adentrarnos en su terminación y las consecuencias derivadas de ello; analizando también la violencia por la formación de las milicias populares y su confrontación con los grupos paramilitares, pasando por la desmovilización de ambas fuerzas armadas y concluir en la época actual con las observaciones acerca de las estructuras organizadas al margen de la ley derivadas de un conflicto urbano de más de 40 años con toda clase de violencias. Se concluye con el contraste entre los ciclos de violencia y el tratamiento punitivo por parte del estado, abordando a modo de conclusión cual fue la política criminal que durante todo este tiempo implementó el estado colombiano y como se articuló de manera práctica en la ciudad de Medellín.
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Arredondo Espinosa, Alexis, and Danyela Barrera Lopez. "Cubrimiento informativo sobre las dos primeras temporadas de la serie Narcos: la prensa española y estadounidense." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 324–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/22161201.3013.
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El propósito de este trabajo es saber, a través de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo, cómo fue el cubrimiento de las dos primeras temporadas de la serie Narcos en la prensa española y estadounidense. Serie web de drama criminal, cuyo protagonista es el extinto capo del Cartel de Medellín: Pablo Escobar Gaviria. Aplicado a un total de 85 unidades de análisis, se extraen los principales actantes, temáticas y géneros periodísticos utilizados durante las dinámicas de producción de los medios; además de un estudio de la imagen de Pablo Escobar, Medellín y Colombia mediante la identificación de conceptos constantes durante el cubrimiento de la prensa. Los resultados señalan que, aunque se mantuvo un equilibrio periodístico durante el cubrimiento, hay diferencia en el abordaje de las temáticas de la serie por geolocalización. Mientras los periódicos españoles recurren a las noticias y las entrevistas a los actores que participan en la serie; los periódicos estadounidenses se apoyan en la investigación documental y presencial.
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Peceny, Mark, and Michael Durnan. "The FARC's Best Friend: U.S. Antidrug Policies and the Deepening of Colombia's Civil War in the 1990s." Latin American Politics and Society 48, no. 02 (2006): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2006.tb00348.x.
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Abstract The strengthening of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) during the 1990s was an unintended consequence of a series of tactical successes in U.S. antidrug policies. These included dismantling the Medellín and Cali drug cartels, interdicting coca coming into Colombian processing facilities, and using drug certification requirements to pressure the Colombian government to attack drug cartels and allow aerial fumigation of coca crops. These successes, however, merely pushed coca cultivation increasingly to FARC-dominated areas while weakening many of the FARC's political-military opponents. This provided the FARC with unprecedented opportunities to extract resources from the cocaine industry to deepen its long insurgency against the Colombian state. The Colombian experience demonstrates the importance of creating a more sophisticated understanding of how lootable wealth can exacerbate civil wars.
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Orozco Macias, Andres Fernando, and Pedro José Madrid Garcés. "Violencia y legitimidad:." ÁNFORA 31, no. 56 (January 1, 2024): 52–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30854/anf.v31.n56.2023.1000.
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Objetivo: esta investigación tuvo como propósito recoger la perspectiva de 256 jóvenes de la Comuna 13 de la ciudad de Medellín, acerca de su percepción sobre la legitimidad que han conseguido las organizaciones criminales para ejercer la violencia y establecer órdenes territoriales en la ciudad. Metodología: el proceso estuvo dividido en dos momentos, el primero, el análisis por las principales teorías del Estado para comprender la unidad del mismo sin competir con otras organizaciones armadas por su hegemonía territorial, y lo segundo, el análisis de la perspectiva de los jóvenes de la Comuna 13 sobre la legitimidad de violencia que han adquirido muchas de estas organizaciones sobre todo en los primeros diez años del siglo XXI. Resultados: para el caso de la ciudad de Medellín, se realizó un breve recorrido sobre los antecedentes de violencia y dominación territorial que se abordan desde los inicios del Cartel de Medellín en los años de 1980, pasando por la expansión del paramilitarismo, hasta la consolidación de las diferentes organizaciones criminales que operan en la ciudad y que dominan la «seguridad» en los barrios, y a su vez, son las causantes de extorsiones, homicidios, micro-tráfico de armas, drogas, personas y desplazamientos forzados a la población civil. Conclusiones: es posible considerar que, en estos momentos, la ciudad de Medellín al igual que muchos municipios de Colombia tienen un serio problema de legitimidad para ejercer los procesos de control y seguridad sobre barrios, comunas o distritos (dependiendo la ciudad), lo que debe llevar al replanteamiento de políticas públicas de seguridad y la consideración de la idea de cuadrantes para el caso de la acción policial.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medellin Cartel"
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Micolta, Patricia. "Illicit Interest Groups: The Political Impact of The Medellin Drug Trafficking Organizations in Colombia." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/625.
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Although drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) exist and have an effect on health, crime, economies, and politics, little research has explored these entities as political organizations. Legal interest groups and movements have been found to influence domestic and international politics because they operate within legal parameters. Illicit groups, such as DTOs, have rarely been accounted for—especially in the literature on interest groups—though they play a measurable role in affecting domestic and international politics in similar ways.
Using an interest group model, this dissertation analyzed DTOs as illicit interest groups (IIGs) to explain their political influence. The analysis included a study of group formation, development, and demise that examined IIG motivation, organization, and policy impact. The data for the study drew from primary and secondary sources, which include interviews with former DTO members and government officials, government documents, journalistic accounts, memoirs, and academic research.
To illustrate the interest group model, the study examined Medellin-based DTO leaders, popularly known as the “Medellin Cartel.” In particular, the study focused on the external factors that gave rise to DTOs in Colombia and how Medellin DTOs reacted to the implementation of counternarcotics efforts. The discussion was framed by the implementation of the 1979 Extradition Treaty negotiated between Colombia and the United States. The treaty was significant because as drug trafficking became the principal bilateral issue in the 1980s; extradition became a major method of combating the illicit drug business.
The study’s findings suggested that Medellin DTO leaders had a one-issue agenda and used a variety of political strategies to influence public opinion and all three branches of government—the judicial, the legislative, and the executive—in an effort to invalidate the 1979 Extradition Treaty. The changes in the life cycle of the 1979 Extradition Treaty correlated with changes in the political power of Medellin-based DTOs vis-à-vis the Colombian government, and international forces such as the U.S. government’s push for tougher counternarcotics efforts.
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Garcia, Quintero Juan de Jesús. "La ségrégation socio-spatiale à Medellin (Colombie) : les ensembles résidentiels fermés." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0122.
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Cette thèse étudie la fragmentation urbaine, justifiée par le problème de la violence ambiante et omniprésente. Plus particulièrement le cas de Medellín en Colombie, Medellin, avec son titre de la ville la plus « dangereuse du monde » devient un cas d’étude intéressant dans le processus de fragmentation urbaine. Le phénomène de lotissements, de quartiers fermés ou privés est présenté en soi comme une conséquence de la fragmentation socio-spatiale et justifié par un besoin de sécurité. Au-delà des ensembles résidentiels fermés, cette violence a aussi servi à fermer des zones entières de la ville, non pas à l’aide de murs mais avec la peur de la population face à l’acteur armé dans un environnement très complexe de violence que nous essayons de comprendre dans le processus de fragmentation socio-spatiale. L’étude est limitée aux 105 km² de la zone urbaine. Présenté en trois partis :1) Un mélange possible, 2) la ségrégation socio-spatiale de Medellin ; Territoires urbains et identités sociales ; 3) Les frontières internesThis thesis is concerned with the study of urban fragmentation, caused by the ambient and omnipresent fear of violence in society. The study specifically focuses on Medellin in Colombia, which proves an interesting case due to its title as "The most dangerous city in the world". The phenomenon of enclosed or private neighbourhoods appears in part to be a consequence of the fragmentation of society, caused by a need for enhanced security. Beyond the enclosed or private neighbourhoods, violence has resulted in the closure of whole city zones. This partition has not been as a result of concrete walls, but through the fear of the population of armed protagonists in a complex environment of violence. This work aims to understand the fragmentation process in relation to socio-spatial segregation. The study is limited to an area of 105m² of the urban zone and is divided into three parts, namely 1) Possible social mixtures, 2) the socio-spatial segregation of Medellin, urban textures and social identities, and 3) the internal borders
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Ingers, Ellen. "Gribshunden (1495) : En jämförande studie av samtida skeppsavbildningar." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33828.
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The aim of the MA thesis is to discuss and analyse different illustrations, paintings, carvings in wood and stone and woodcuts of ships of the new kind (Carrack, carvels), from the 15th century to the middle of the 16th century, and compare them to the Griffon-hound ship, and to understand how they have evolved. The ships of the time had large stern and end castles, three to four masts, and where built for the war tactic of boarding. The oldest ship of the new kind that have been found, is the Griffon-hound, a ship that belonged to the Danish king Hans, and sunk due to a fire 1495 outside of Ronneby in southern Sweden. Besides being the oldest of its kind, the ship also has a very specific figurehead that resembles a monster with a screaming human head in its gap. By discussing and analysing the artworks it is possible to learn more about the ships. After analysing them, the result is that the artworks do show how the ships have evolved. Some of the different attributes that the artworks display have also been found when investigating the wreck of the Griffon-hound. More attributes might still be on the wreck site, hidden under the sediment. An example is the remains of the anti-boarding nets that a lot of the artworks show, and that have been found on the wreck of the Mary Rose, the English ship that belonged to king Henry VIII. The Mary Rose is younger than the Griffon-hound, but artworks of older ships also show the anti-boarding nets, or the beams on top of the castles. The purpose behind having a large variety of different artwork is to increase the knowledge about the ships of the time, and to make sure that the attributes that is being analysed doesn’t only occur in one or two artworks.
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Nagy, Nóra-Zsuzsa. "The Medellín and the Cali Cartel: the effects of the drug industry on the state sovereignty." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17369.
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The illegal drug industry had dramatic impact on Colombia's development and
sovereignty. In no other country has the illegal drug industry had such dramatic social, political,
and economic effects. This research paper provides a theoretical framework that is applied in the
Colombian context analysing the consequences caused to the Colombian state, and concludes
that it overall impact has been extremely negative. It studies the emergence and development of
the drug cartels, their complex operations and their participation in the industry. The size of the
illegal industry and its economic effects are also examined and its effects on the political system
analysed. To form a comprehensive picture about the impact of the drug trade, other effects are
also taken into account such as the increasing corruption, violence, illicit funding, organized
crime and their connection with the state and the government.
Also, the paper explores the foreign policies of the Unite States applied in Colombia, and
focuses on the US involvement in Colombia‟s national affairs through the policy known as “war
on drugs” and the Extradition Treaty, underlying the consequent erosion of the state sovereignty
by their interference. The thesis emphasizes the strategies adopted by the United States in order
to combat the illegal drug imports, as well as their counter insurgency assistance to the
Colombian government. The project ends with a discussion of the evolution of government
policies and social attitudes toward the industry that highlights the roots of the problem, and
underlines why the drug industry still thrives today.A indústria do trafego ilegal de drogas teve um impacto dramático no desenvolvimento e soberania da Colômbia. Nenhum outro país tem sido afetado social, política e economicamente como a Colômbia. Este trabalho de pesquisa fornece um quadro teórico que é aplicado no contexto colombiano, tendo em conta as consecuencias causadas ao estado da Colômbia, e conclui que o impacto em geral tem sido extremamente negativo. Estuda a emergência e desenvolvimento dos cartéis de drogas, suas complexas operações e sua participação na indústria. O tamanho da indústria ilegal e os seus efeitos económicos também sao pesquisados e os efeitos no sistema político são analizados. Para formar uma imagem compreensível do impacto do tráfego de drogas, outros efeitos também são tidos em conta como a crescente2 corrupção, violencia, dinheiros ilícitos, crime organizado e sua conexão combo estado é o governo. Também, o trabalho explora as políticas internacionais dos Estados Unidos aplicadas na Colômbia e foca-se no envolvimento do Estados Unidos nos assuntos nacionais da Colômbia através da política conhecida como "guerra às drogas" e do Tratado de Extradição, subjacente à consequente erosão da soberania do Estado pela sua interferência. A tese enfatiza as estratégias adotadas pelos Estados Unidos para combater as importações de drogas ilícitas, bem como sua assistência contra insurgência ao governo colombiano. O projeto termina com uma discussão sobre a evolução das políticas governamentais e atitudes sociais em relação à indústria, que destaca as raízes do problema, e destaca por que a indústria do tráfego de drogas ainda prospera hoje.
Books on the topic "Medellin Cartel"
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Unanue, Manuel de Dios. Los secretos del Cartel de Medellín. Jackson Heights, NY (P.O. Box 1182, Jackson Heights, N.Y. 11372): Cobra Editorial, 1988.
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1947-, Abrahams Peter, ed. Turning the tide: One man against the Medellin Cartel. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Dutton, 1991.
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Gugliotta, Guy. Kings of cocaine: An astonishing true story of murder, money, and corruption. New York: Harper & Row, 1990.
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Velásquez, Jorge Enrique. Cómo me infiltré y engañé al Cartel. [Bogotá]: Editorial Oveja Negra, 1993.
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1946-, Fisher David, ed. The accountant's story: Inside the violent world of the Medellin cartel. New York: Grand Central Pub., 2009.
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Prolongeau, Hubert. La vie quotidienne en Colombie au temps du cartel de Medellin. [Paris]: Hachette, 1992.
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1937-, Lee Rensselaer W., ed. The Andean cocaine industry. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.
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Clawson, Patrick. The Andean cocaine industry. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Medellin Cartel"
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Clawson, Patrick L., and Rensselaer W. Lee. "The Medellín and Cali Cartels." In The Andean Cocaine Industry, 37–61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-60978-9_2.
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Cepeda, María Elena. "“A Cartel Built for Love”." In Critical Dialogues in Latinx Studies, 39–50. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479805198.003.0004.
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This chapter frames dominant stereotypes about Colombia, Medellín, and Pablo Escobar as cultural narratives that, along with US interventionism and Colombia’s potent regionalism, inform the performances of current Colombian stars such as Maluma and broader social scripts about global Colombianidad. It discusses the ongoing effects of Colombia’s more than fifty-year civil conflict on the development of Medellín, focusing on the narratives around Pablo Escobar and their impact on local and global understandings of the city, and underscoring the centrality of Colombian regionalism and racialized spaces on popular scripts of Colombian identities. In order to illustrate the centrality of these imposed and organic metanarratives on external conceptualizations of global Colombianidad, I conduct a textual analysis of the 2019 music video “Medellín,” a collaboration between US performer Madonna and Medellín native and reggaetón superstar Maluma. Deconstructing “Medellín” demonstrates the ways in which popular cultural scripts about regional identities reverberate globally. More specifically, I argue that we must read global Colombianidad through the lenses of racialized regionalism and heteropatriarchy, frameworks that deeply inform the ways in which all Colombians are represented, from both within the community as well as from without.
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Franko, Katja, and David R. Goyes. "A city at war." In Victimhood, Memory, and Consumerism, 25—C2P71. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192874115.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter’s primary focus is the context of violence in Medellín. We begin with a summary of the violence that has devastated Colombia since the colonial times. We cover the (failed) attempts to build a unified nation-state, the status of Colombia as a neo-colony of the United States, the relationship between state and society, and the forms of inequality and crime experienced by the country’s inhabitants. The goal of this broad contextualization is to explain how the highly unequal structure of Colombian society became a fertile ground for the rise of drug cartels. The chapter then zooms in on the violence perpetrated by the Medellín cartel between 1980 and 2001. Ranging from assassinations to a plane bombing, to daily murders, the acts of violence outlined in this chapter paint a portrait of the reign of terror that turned Medellín into the most violent city in the world. Drawing on a database of news reports of violent events connected to drug cartels in the city along with an archival study of the events, we map the damage wreaked by narco-violence on the city’s daily life, the social interactions of its inhabitants, and the country’s legal and democratic institutions. Using the voices of Medellín’s inhabitants, most of whom were victims of narco-violence, the chapter provides a sensorial account of what it was like to live in a city at war.
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Osorio Atehortúa, Ubeimar Aurelio, and Mónica Eliana Aristizábal Velásquez. "EL TURISMO EN MEDELLÍN COMO INNOVACIÓN SOCIAL EN MEDIO DE UN CONFLICTO URBANO NO SOLUCIONADO." In Investigación y Desarrollo vol. III, 108–28. Fondo Editorial Ciidies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58690/ciidies.cti_id.v3.06.108-128.
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Este escrito analiza la importancia del turismo en el desarrollo social de los territorios y cómo, pese al impacto negativo marcado por escenarios de violencia, se han llevado a cabo procesos exitosos de resiliencia especialmente en actividades turísticas apreciadas por los viajeros extranjeros, lo que ha permitido la restauración socio-económica de una ciudad como Medellín, superando los diferentes estigmas que el conflicto armado le imprimió en elementos naturales y sociales. Se precisa una metodología desde el paradigma interpretativo y enfoque cualitativo, tomando como tipo de estudio el análisis de caso, que recurre a información documental y de la experiencia de expertos en el tema, para describir el caso de Medellín desde los antecedentes históricos del conflicto, enmarcando el auge del Cartel de Medellín durante los años 80 y 90 del siglo pasado y las principales características del conflicto actual. De manera cronológica y paralela, se analiza el desarrollo turístico tradicional, el turismo en la época del auge del narcotráfico en la ciudad y el turismo que se vive actualmente. Incluye la relación entre homicidios, turismo extranjero y la identificación de acciones institucionales frente al conflicto residual y la perspectiva turística de la ciudad. Lo anterior desde la perspectiva de la acción del sector turístico como elemento para la transformación del territorio, que evidencia un resultado claro de innovación social en la ciudad de Medellín.
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Crandall, Russell. "Plan Colombia." In Drugs and Thugs, 211–28. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300240344.003.0015.
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This chapter begins with the American and Colombian anti-drug officials that celebrated Pablo Escobar's “decapitation,” as proof that the kingpin strategy was on its way to eradicating cocaine trafficking in Colombia. It mentions that Medellín's drug bosses met to discuss in the neighborhood of Envigado after Escobar's death, from which emerged the so-called Envigado Office lead by Don Berna. It also describes Don Berna as a formidable Medellín drug trafficker and a former member of the Marxist Popular Liberation Army. The chapter refers to the Cali cartel, an association of four billionaires who managed a worldwide cocaine monopoly, controlling everything from production in Peru and Colombia to sales in the suburbs and cities in the United States and around the globe. It emphasizes how the “decapitations” of the Medellín and Cali cartel's atomized cocaine production and trafficking into smaller entities that were much harder to track and interdict, proving that the kingpin strategy was working.
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Pobutsky, Aldona Bialowas. "Introduction." In Pablo Escobar and Colombian Narcoculture, 1–26. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401513.003.0001.
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The introduction lays out the theoretical framework for the exploration of narcocultura in Colombia. First, it establishes how the book’s interdisciplinary nature is the result of simultaneously tackling history, crime, media, and popular entertainment. It also explains how the inclusion of non-academic and “lowbrow” materials enriches our understanding of narco culture and aligns with the premises of New Historicism, postmodernism, cultural criminology, and tabloid studies. They attest with force to the process of continuous intertextual reinscription and constant debates between narratives (interpretations), thereby exposing contemporary cultural myths and beliefs surrounding Pablo Escobar, the Medellín Cartel, and Colombian narcocultura. Next, the initial chapter traces the trajectory of cocaine production, the pioneer traffickers and cocaine producers from Latin America, and how Colombians eventually entered and monopolized the business. It looks at the impact of Pablo Escobar on Colombian cultural production, with an emphasis on the years after 2000. The introduction also explains how the marketing concept of branding and its use of Jungian personality archetypes will serve as a tool to illuminate Escobar’s versatile and dynamic cultural legacy.
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Pobutsky, Aldona Bialowas. "Pablo Escobar and Narco Nostalgia." In Pablo Escobar and Colombian Narcoculture, 29–62. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401513.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 1 looks into discourses surrounding the Medellín cartel and the present-day value of the Escobar brand. It explores how the popular media in Colombia has reproduced one type of narco, whose flamboyance and caudillo-like attitudes reflect the behaviors associated with Escobar and his ilk, rather than the more discreet figureheads of today’s drug-trafficking. This take on Escobar’s history created a nostalgic version of the hedonistic capos and their conspicuous consumption, thereby strategically resurrecting and fetishizing Colombia’s arguably worst criminal. It also draws attention away from present-day narco alliances that still plague Colombia. The second half of the chapter focuses on narco aesthetics, which appear in every facet of popular culture, from architecture and music to media production, fashion, and the female body ideal. It explores the conflict between Escobar’s tangible legacy (properties, prison) vis-à-vis Medellín’s push toward rebranding itself as a peaceful site of incomparable physical beauty. While the state strives to erase his memory by either neglecting or destroying places of related to Escobar, the latest trends in global tourism are doing exactly the opposite; they promote the exploration of thrilling experiences, thereby reviving Escobar’s popularity worldwide through narco tourism, against the wishes of many locals.
Conference papers on the topic "Medellin Cartel"
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Trujillo, Maximiliano, and Francia E. Salazar. "Techno-surveillance on The Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación in Medellín, Colombia." In 2013 Pan American Health Care Exchanges (PAHCE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2013.6568249.
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Vásquez, Rafael E., Norha L. Posada, Santiago Rúa, Carlos A. Zuluaga, Fabio Castrillón, and Diego A. Flórez. "Curriculum Change for Control Engineering Education in a Mechanical Engineering Undergrad Program." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66658.
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This paper addresses the curriculum change performed for control engineering education in the mechanical engineering (ME) undergraduate program at the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB), located in Medellín, Colombia. The new curriculum model of the UPB is based on learning, and promotes the achievement of outcome-related course learning objectives during the education process. The faculty of the ME department developed the Human Capabilities and Outcomes Map; such map explicitly shows the connection between general human capabilities that are strengthen through the ME program, the outcomes that are to be achieved, the way this outcomes are assessed, and the courses where the outcomes are addressed in the curriculum. The faculty responsible for the area of design, dynamic systems, and control, gathered during two years and defined educational objectives for all the courses in the area, considering the mechanical engineering program as a whole in order to provide the students with knowledge and skills necessary for their future professional career. As a result, three new courses to address control engineering education in the mechanical engineering curriculum were created: Measurement and Instrumentation, Control Engineering, and Control Engineering Lab. Since the courses have been recently created, faculty will assess the performance within a three-year period in order to quantify the impact of the curriculum change for control engineering education.
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Galeano Botero, Laila, Luis Javier Montoya, Gloria Isabel Carvajal, Margarita Hincapié, Liliana Botero, and Laura Cristina Peláez. "Tecnologías de bajo costo para agua potable en regiones en vía de desarrollo." In Ingeniería para transformar territorios. Asociacion Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2946.
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Las tecnologías de agua potable de bajo costo para el suministro de agua segura tienen un potencial significativo para mejorar la salud de las comunidades con agua no segura. Asimismo, el consumo de agua no tratada es un riesgo para la salud de las comunidades. Mejorar el acceso comunitario al agua potable tiene un impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas porque reduce las enfermedades, el ausentismo escolar y las tareas domésticas de las mujeres. El objetivo del proyecto SAFEWATER "Tecnologías de bajo costo para el agua potable en los países en desarrollo", apoyado por el fondo Growing Research Capability (GCRF), era establecer un centro de investigación transdisciplinario centrado en tecnologías limpias y de bajo costo para suministrar agua potable a las regiones vulnerables de los países en desarrollo. Este proyecto se centró en el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 6 de la ONU: "Garantizar el acceso al agua y al saneamiento para todos". Un equipo transdisciplinario participa en el proyecto con profesionales de diferentes áreas como química, física, microbiología, psicología, nutrición, trabajo social, comunicación, negocios, ingeniería y áreas ambientales. También varias universidades como Ulster University (Irlanda del Norte, líder del proyecto), Universidad de Medellín (Colombia) y Universidad de Sao Paulo (Brasil), y ONG como Fundación Cántaro Azul (México) y Centro de Ciencia y Tecnología de Antioquia-CTA (Colombia). El proyecto Safewater en Colombia, se llevó a cabo en el departamento de Antioquia en las subregiones de Occidente y Oriente, en los municipios de Liborina (vereda Curití) y El Peñol (vereda El Carmelo). Estas comunidades no contaban con acceso a agua potable y se veían obligadas a consumir el agua directamente de la fuente natural sin ningún tipo de tratamiento. Previamente al diseño del sistema de tratamiento se procedió a caracterizar fisicoquímica y microbiológicamente las fuentes superficiales abastecedoras de ambas veredas con el objetivo de conocer la calidad y condiciones del agua a tratar, estos resultados fueron claves para el diseño del sistema. Con los datos de campo y una prueba de laboratorio a escala, se seleccionó un sistema de tratamiento. Consistía en un tanque de sedimentación, una bomba, dos filtros para microfiltración y una lámpara UV para desinfección. Se probaron diferentes cartuchos para microfiltración para encontrar cuál tenía la mayor remoción de turbidez y un buen proceso de desinfección. La prueba se realizó con agua inoculada con E. coli y coliformes a diferentes concentraciones. Se probaron tres sistemas piloto en Curiti durante 3 meses con monitoreo mensual de turbidez, color, TOC, coliformes totales y E. coli. Durante 2021 se instalaron 16 sistemas en El Carmelo y 37 sistemas en Curití, y se realizó un monitoreo mensual de la calidad del agua. Asimismo, varios talleres con las comunidades explicaron el funcionamiento, limpieza y mantenimiento del sistema para generar capacidades en el uso y mantenimiento de los sistemas y se realizó una evaluación del proceso de apropiación de los usuarios finales.