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Johannessen, Jill. "Gender, Media and Development. The Role of Media in the Cultural Struggle of Gender Transformation in Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of sociology and political science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1523.
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This dissertation aims at providing insights on the role of the mass media in the cultural struggle over gender transformation, which entails definitions and prescriptions of femininity against the backdrop of political and -economic reforms in Tanzania. The media landscape has been altered radically as a result of fundamental transformations in the country’s political and economic systems. The media can be perceived as a major source of definitions and images of social reality. Thus, the media is also the place where the changing culture and values of societies and groups are constructed and most visibly expressed (McQuail 1994; 1). Tanzania has changed its course from African socialism and ujamaa as guidelines in the sixties, to a market economy in the mid-eighties, followed by the introduction of a multiparty system in 19921. The restructuring of the state has had dramatic consequences for the economic, social and cultural aspects of urban life. Central to this study is the idea that the movement from socialist to capitalist principles promotes conflicts between modern and traditional values and ways of life, which also affects gender ideas and notions. The biggest changes are felt in urban areas, which are thus the place where the conflicts and tensions that arise in the process of modernization are most visibly expressed. In this new landscape, the media is becoming an important cultural agent and an arena for conflicts and contestation. A key issue is how the media comes to grips with these changes.
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Shariff, Halima S. Carleton University Dissertation Journalism. "The role and status of women in the media in Tanzania -- 1979-1989." Ottawa, 1990.
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Nilsson, Anna. "Using mass media as channel for healthcare information : A minor field study of audience’s media preferences in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24984.
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One of the main tasks for journalism is to provide people with the information they need to be able to make independent decisions that can help them improve their lives. In order to know that the media fullfils this task it is important to study how the information is received by the audience. This thesis aims to investigate if, and if so how, a selected group of people in Dar es Salaam use news media to inform themselves on problems regarding healthcare, and how they value the information on these topics.A minor field study was carried out in Dar es Salaam in April 2014. The study was limited to Dar es Salaam, the economic capital of Tanzania, because it holds the majority of the media. Three different residential areas were chosen for the study, these were Mwananyamala, which is a low-income area, Sinza, middle–income and Mikocheni, high–income. A survey questionnaire was distributed in each area, 30 in Mwananyamala, 31 in Sinza and 30 in Mikocheni, and in every area four interviews was preformed.According to the selection group there is plenty of healthcare information in the media that is useful to the audience but it is not seen to be very varied. Most information is about malaria and HIV/AIDS, which are two of the most common diseases in Tanzania, but many call for a broader reporting on health issues. Media is however a useful source of information, according to most of the respondents, and especially radio and television has a big impact since it reaches out to a large part of the population. This is a good thing as long as the information is factual and accurate, but several of the respondents believe that this is not always the case.
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Sherstoboeva, Elena. "Regulation of Media in Russia in the context of the council of Europe standars." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406076.
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Aquesta tesi examina les polítiques de mitjans a Rússia amb l’objectiu d’identificar, principalment des d’un punt de vista jurídic, fins a quin punt han estat objecte d’influència per part del estàndards legals establerts per part del Consell d’Europa (CoE). En el primer capítol, la tesi explora les caracteríqtiques, principis, i estàndards de la llibertat des d’una perspectiva russa, sobre la base de l’estudi de les concepcions que de l’esmentada noció es poden identificar en el marc dels sistemes rus i soviètic, la legislació de mitjans russa, així com la pràctica judicial i regulatòria. També s’analitza el punt de vista de les principals institucions del CoE com ara el Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans o l’Assemblea Parlamentària, en relació amb la forma amb què Rússia ha implementat els estàndards internacionals i europeus en matèria de llibertat de mitjans. El segon cpaítol compara els paràmetres legals russos amb els estàndards del CoE sobre difamació, extremisme en els mitjans, aíxí com en matèria de mitjans audiovisuals i Internet.
La tesi conclou que un cop transcorreguts vint anys des de l’ingrés de Rússia com a membre, els estàndards del CoE han tingut només un impacte superficial en la política de mitjans a Rússia, i que aquesta política segueix tenint reminiscències de la pràctica soviètica en matèria de regulació de mitjans. Les autoritats russes han evolucionat des del refús dels estàndards del CoE fins a la seva interpretació en benefici del establishment polític rus, sota el pretext de la protecció dels “interessos nacionals”. Se sosté a més que els intents governamentals de des-universalitzar la noció del dret a la llibertat d’expressió es convertiran en cada cop més freqüents al llarg del món. Aquests intents no poden ser justificats, atès que amenacen el sistema internacional de drets humans i els valors que protegeix, així com s’orienten a mantenir el control governamental sobre la informació en una era en què l’esmentat control es troba seriosament qüestionat a causa del desenvolupament d’Internet i les noves modalitats tecnològiques en el terreny dels mitjans. Es conclou que les organitzacions internacionals disposen del potencial per a esdevenir les principals plataformes de resistència front a la des-universalització del dret a la llibertat d’expressió, així com la necessitat que s’estableixin noves mesures per a donar suport a la seva tasca,
Paraules clau: llibertat de mitjans llibertat d’expressió, dret de mitjans, polítiques de mitjans, polítiques de mitjans a Rússia, regulació d’Internet a Rússia, dret de mitjans a Rússia, Consell d’Europa, Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans, estándards internacionals.Esta tesis examina las políticas de medios en Rusia con el objetivo de identificar, principalmente desde un punto de vista jurídico, hasta qué punto se han visto influidas por los estándares legales establecidos por el Consejo de Europa (CoE). En el primer capítulo, la tesis explora las características, principios y estándares de la libertad de expresión desde una perspectiva rusa sobre la base del estudio de las concepciones de dicha noción que se pueden identificar en el marco de los sistemas ruso y soviético, la legislación de medios rusa, así como la práctica judicial y regulatoria. También se analiza el punto de vista de las principales instituciones dentro del CoE, como el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos o la Asambles Parlamentaria, con relación al modo en el que Rusia ha implementado los estándares universales y europeos en materia de libertad de medios. El segundo capítulo compara los parámetros legales rusos con los estándares del CoE sobre difamación, extremismo en los medios, así como sobre medios audiovisuales e Internet. La tesis concluye que más de veinte años después del ingreso de Rusia como miembro, los estándares del CoE han tenido solamente un impacto superficial en la política de medios de Rusia, y que esta política sigue teniendo reminiscencias con relación a la práctica soviética en materia de regulación de medios. Las autoridades rusas han evolucionado desde el rechazo hacia los estándares del CoE hasta su interpretación a favor del establishment político ruso, bajo el pretexto de la protección de los “intereses nacionales”. Se sostiene además que los intentos gubernamentales de des-universalizar la noción del derecho a la libertad de expresión se convertirán en frecuentes a lo largo del mundo. Estos intentos no pueden ser justificados, dado que amenazan el sistema internacional de derechos humanos y los valores que éste protege, así como se orientan a mantener el control gubernamental sobre la información en una era en la que dicho control se encuentra seriamente en entredicho a causa del desarrollo de Internet y nuevas modalidades de tecnologías de medios. Se concluye que las organizaciones internacionales disponen del potencial para devenir las principales plataformas para resistir frente a la des-unviversalización del derecho a la libertad de expresión, así como la necesidad de que se establezcan nuevas medidas para apoyar su trabajo. Palabras clave: libertad de medios, libertad de expresión, derecho de medios, políticas de medios, políticas de medios en Rusia, regulación de Internet en Rusia, derecho de medios en Rusia, Consejo de Europa, Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, estándares internacionales.
This dissertation examines Russian media policies with the purpose to identify, mainly from a legal viewpoint, the extent to which they have been influenced by the legal standards of the Council of Europe (CoE). In the first chapter, the dissertation traces the characteristics, principles, and standards of the Russian perspective on freedom of expression by studying the Russian and Soviet constitutional concepts on this right, the Russian national mass media legislation as well as judicial and regulatory media policies. It also assesses the perspectives of the main CoE institutions, such as the European Court of Human Rights and the Parliamentary Assembly, on Russia’s progress in the implementation of the universal and European standards on media freedom. The second chapter compares the Russian legal standards and those of the CoE on defamation and extremism in the media as well as on online and audiovisual media. The dissertation concludes that, during more than twenty years of Russia’s membership, the CoE’s standards have had only a superficial impact on Russian media policy, and that such policy is becoming increasingly reminiscent of Soviet practices of media regulation. Russian authorities have mostly moved from disregarding the CoE standards to interpreting them in favour of the Russian political establishment, under the pretext of protecting “national” interests. It is argued that governmental attempts to achieve a de-universalisation of the right of freedom of expression may become more frequent around the globe. Such attempts should not be justified because they considerably threaten the international system of human rights and the values it protects and seek to maintain governmental control over information in an era when such control is strongly challenged by the development of the Internet and new media technologies. It is suggested that international organisations have the potential to become the main social platforms for resisting the de-universalisation of the right of freedom of expression, and that new effective measures should be elaborated to support their work. Keywords: media freedom, freedom of expression, freedom of speech, media law, media policies, Russian media policies, Internet regulation in Russia, Russian media law, Council of Europe, European Court on Human Rights, international standards.
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Solomon, Eva [Verfasser]. "Development Journalism and Gender : A Case Study of Broadcasting Media in Tanzania / Eva Solomon." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1063934575/34.
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Tamba, Winfrid Erneus. "Extension Agents’ Effectiveness and Good Agricultural Practices Adoption: A Case Study Amongst Cashew Nut Growers in the Masasi District Council, Tanzania." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500551083794493.
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Shuma, Baraka John. "Attracting and regulating foreign direct investments in biofuels production in Tanzania." Thesis, UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3121.
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Nkya, Ananilea W. "Tanzania’s Mainstream News Media Engagement with National Development." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17404.
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This thesis examines the ways in which Tanzania’s media report news on development issues and what accounts for the way they report, guided by social constructionist philosophy and framing theory. In terms of how they report news, the thesis draws on primary data generated from: (1) an analysis of 10,371 news stories reported by 15 Tanzanian media outlets over the course of one month, noting the general types of preferred stories and the range of news sources relied upon (which tend to be government or elite sources and male); (2) an in-depth analysis of 36 newspapers’ front-page lead stories, looking not just at the presentation and framing of these stories, but also at the omissions and elisions, using interpretive content analysis. In order to explore why the Tanzanian media cover development issues the way they do, the thesis draws on another set of primary data: semi-structured, face-to-face interviews conducted with 76 media stakeholders, where editors, journalists and media owners reflect on the constraints and opportunities – media ownership, laws used to control media autonomy, financing and professional training – facing them as media professionals trying to report on topics linked to their country’s social, economic and political challenges. There is, to date, little literature that foregrounds the views and experiences of media professionals in Tanzania or, indeed, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and it is to this literature that this thesis primarily contributes. It concludes that from the colonial period to the current day Tanzanian media has been a contested space in which different stakeholders have diverse views about the role and functioning of the media. If the media are to play a normative, watchdog role, holding government to account and thus contributing, indirectly, to national development, then the issues of ownership, legal constraints, training and financial capacity are key.
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Simba, Fatuma. "Determination of Viable Connectivity Technology for E-Learning in Tanzania : Case Study of Rural Secondary Schools." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00535.
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In response to different development challenges, Tanzania is striving to achieve her fourth attribute of the National Development Vision, i.e. to have a well educated and learning society by the year 2025. The earmarked approach is to integrate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education system (e-learning), in order to improve teaching and learning processes, hence provision of quality education. However, Tanzania is challenged by lack of ICT infrastructures in rural areas, which affects integration of ICT in education. This thesis presents a research work to determine a cost-effective and performance efficient connectivity technology for rural secondary schools to access e-learning resources. The research surveyed wireless technologies, in order to identify potential broadband access technologies suitable for rural areas of the developing countries. Because ICT is a very dynamic sector, the identified technologies were compared by using conceptual framework to study their sustainability and thereafter, analyzed by using techno-economic approach to determine a feasible and cost effective option. Results show that, a third generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) operating at 900MHz is a feasible and cost - effective connectivity technology for rural areas of Tanzania. Furthermore, the research employed a simulation modelling approach to study traffic differentiation and priority scheduling mechanisms in providing Quality of Service (QoS) for e-learning applications in UMTS networks. A simulation model of the UMTS network is developed and used to study performance of e-learning applications as perceived by users. Simulation results showed that, UMTS network configured with traffic differentiation and priority scheduling can guarantee delivery of e-learning services with the required QoS. The Public Private People's Partnership (PPPP) model is proposed by this research as an implementation strategy for sustainable broadband rural connectivity solution.
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Geer, Seth. "Selling Tanzania, conservation, and tourism through portrayal of the African myth by the United States media." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1439441.
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Suddes, Thomas. "The National News Council, 1973-1984 : a history /." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3360317.
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Avén, Sara. "Continuous learning for health care workers in Tanzania : Design recommendations for an e-learning system within a health portal." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154035.
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Continuous learning for health care workers in Tanzania - Design recommendations for an e-learning system within a health portal This report describes a Master thesis conducted at the Human-Computer Interaction Department at KTH The Royal Institute of Technology. The project is based on a nine weeks field study in Tanzania during the spring and summer 2013. The field study was conducted as a Minor Field Study (MFS) financed through Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, SIDA and ÅF. The aim has been to investigate the users interest, needs and expectations on an e-learning system. Specifically designed for the health care workers in Tanzania, to improve and developed their knowledge within their specific work area. The investigation of these questions resulted in design recommendations that can be used as a basis for future development. The users and their expectations and needs of the e-learning system were mapped down through observations, interviews and questionnaires. The user group was positive to an e-learning system and is interested in ICT, Information and communication technology. The most important result from the research is that to get a successful project, the involvement of the users is critical. Otherwise there is a risk that the user will not use the product. Another important result is that the user does not have his or hers own computer or Internet connection, they are dependent on the hospitals devices and connection. At the same time their schedule at the hospital is very tight and it will be a challenge to find time and a place were the health care workers can use the system. This project is a part of a project called the National Health Portal in Tanzania. It is a co-operation between Sweden and Tanzania about information and communication technologies (ICT) in the health care in Tanzania, in order to facilitate the work. Keywords: ICT, user centered design, e-learning, health care, Minor Field Study, TanzaniaFortbildning för sjukvårdspersonal i Tanzania - Designrekommendationer för ett e-lärandesystem i en hälsoportal Rapporten beskriver ett examensarbete utfört på Institutionen för Människa-datorinteraktion på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH). Projektet baseras på en nio veckors fältstudie i Tanzania under våren och sommaren 2013. Fältstudien är en Minor Field Study (MFS) och finansierades av Styrelsen för internationellt utvecklingssamarbete, SIDA och ÅF AB. Syftet har varit att undersöka användarnas intresse samt behov och förväntningar på ett e-lärandesystem, speciellt designat för sjukvårdspersonalen i Tanzania, för att förbättra och utveckla deras kunskaper inom sitt yrkesområde. Utredningen av dessa frågor har resulterat i designrekommendationer som kan användas som bas i det fortsatta utvecklandet av systemet. Användarna samt deras behov och förväntningar på e-lärandesystemet kartlades genom observationer, intervjuer och enkäter. Resultatet av denna rapport visar på vikten av att användarna är inblandade i projekt för att det ska bli lyckat. Användarna bör vara inblandade i och intresserade av projektet. I annat fall är risken stor att användarna inte vill bidra med sin expertis som just användare och att projekt därmed inte slutförs. Ett annat viktigt resultat är att användaren inte har någon dator eller internetuppkoppling hemma utan använder sig av den som finns på jobbet. Dock är det ett väldigt pressat schema på jobbet och det kommer att bli en utmaning att hitta tid och plats då sjukvårdspersonalen kan använda systemet. Examensarbetet är en del av ett projekt som är ett samarbete mellan Sverige och Tanzania vid namn National Health Portal in Tanzania. National Health Portal in Tanzania är ett projekt som handlar om hur man kan använda sig av informations- och kommunikationsteknologier (IKT) i sjukvården i Tanzania för att underlätta arbetet. Nyckelord: IKT, användarcentrerad design, e-lärande, sjukvård, Minor Field Study, Tanzania
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Hellerud, Emil. "The power of expectations : News media confidence among social audiences in Dar es Salaam: An Mfs-study." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21599.
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In Tanzania, an ongoing private media boom operates within the frameworks of media laws dating back to the 1970s, restricting media freedom and enabling the government to keep some control of what is written on certain topics. This is widely acknowledged and makes Tanzania an interesting subject for studies of news media confidence from an audience perspective. Confidence is viewed as an attitude consisting of three components: the cognitive, the emotive and the behavioral component. The cognitive component consists of expectations and sought gratifications, the emotive component is the feeling of confidence or the disappointment of a failed expectation and the behavioral component includes what media an individual intends to use, which should not be mistaken for what media an individual is actually using. A quantitative questionnaire in Swahili was distributed to 84 randomly selected inhabitants of Dar es Salaam, almost equally distributed between three areas: the lower class area Mwanayamala, the middle class area Kimara and the upper class area Mikocheni. After finishing the quantitative study, 9 qualitative interviews were conducted with a representative selection of those answering the questionnaire. The interviews and questionnaires were conducted during November and December 2013 and all participants were guaranteed anonymity. Finding truthful information, getting education and entertainment was the most frequent sought gratifications from media usage. Media type, language and ownership were the medium characteristics most evidently affecting confidence. Religion, social status and interests were the individual characteristics most evidently affecting confidence. News media confidence turns out to be more about mutual understanding between the individual receiver and the sending medium, than perceived accuracy and independent monitoring of power.
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Nunally, Michael Lee. "Website Design and Development for College and University Recreation Programs Accredited by the NRPA/AALR Council on Accreditation." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/209.
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This study identified current trends in website design and development for college and university recreation programs accredited by the NRPA/AALR Council on Accreditation. Emphasis was on design, content, governance, and development. The study was an attempt to provide insight for program administrators by identifying current practices related to website design and development. This was the first study to identify current trends in website design and development at nationally accredited recreation programs. This information can be used to evaluate existing websites and plan future website development.
Data were collected using an electronic survey instrument created with E-listen software. Three invitations were emailed to program administrators at college and university recreation programs accredited by the NRPA/AALR Council on Accreditation (n=98). Basic descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency and frequency distributions were calculated to address the research questions.
The results of this study showed that faculty were most often responsible for their program’s website construction, content and design input, and maintenance. Students did not play a large role in these responsibilities. The websites were most commonly maintained monthly.
The most common components available on program websites were informative and served as marketing and recruiting tools. The majority of websites did not contain components for student entertainment or communication. Over half of the websites included links to professional organizations’ homepages. Just under half of the websites did not include a link to the National Recreation and Park Association.
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Strömstedt, Malin, and Saga Åkerman. "Empowering Women in Tanzania -A Comparative Study of the Communication of twoWomen’s Rights Organizations." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72133.
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This thesis aims to study how two organizations communicate to empower women in Tanzania. It is a comparative study of the New Hope for Girls Organization (NHGO) and Young Women Christian Association (YWCA). Furthermore, this study focus on how different contextual factors, such as the size of the organization, religion and values, affect the organizations´ content and strategy of their communication. This study is based on a theoretical framework of previous research about communication from NGOs, Development theory and African feminisms. The empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews, ethnographic interviews and observations. The result of this study shows that YMCA is highly influenced by its international ties through its international founders and world-wide connection, while NHGO is mainly influenced by the local community in which it operates.
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Gething, Leverne. "MRC scientists and the media : attitudes to and experiences of reporting their findings to the public." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52347.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Scientists seem to have an 'international corporate culture' of mistrusting the media. Attitudes of South African scientists to the media and their experiences of reporting findings to the public and media have not been documented. The South African Medical Research Council (MRC) is a statutory research body with an excellent research record - but awareness of the MRC among the South African public is almost non-existent. The MRC needs to publicise and increase knowledge of its goals and research findings by promoting scientists' engagement with the public and other stakeholders. Objective: A postal survey was carried out among MRC scientists to obtain a 'baseline' indication of attitudes and experiences regarding communication to the public and media. Results would inform development and implementation of strategies to fast-track a turnaround in culture at the MRC towards promotion of science communication. Method: A questionnaire with prompted responses was sent to 253 MRC scientists. One hundred were returned (39.5%), representing an impressive assemblage of the MRC's research leaders. Findings: Although 48.9% of the scientists had each published over 30 articles in peerreviewed journals, 38.9% had never had these articles mentioned in the lay media. Yet the scientists regard 'the public' and 'policy makers' as the most important groups they should communicate with, and most think the public glean their knowledge of scientific research and its implications from the lay media. The scientists might not trust the media to provide accurate scientific information, but they feel that the general public do. The vast majority (92.8%) strongly agree or tend to agree that they have a duty to communicate their research and its implications to the public, and 70.8% would like to spend more time on this. However, the scientists also agree that the day-to-day requirements of their jobs leave them with too little time to communicate the implications of their research to others (47.5%) or even to get on with research (36.4%). Most of the scientists had never had contact with the media, or only every few years. When the source or subject ofa news story, 65.4% had been either 'very satisfied' or 'somewhat satisfied' with the coverage. Many of their comments reflected unrealistic expectations which can only be addressed by training in what the media are all about. Most (86.9%) had never had any training in dealing with the media, but 80.8% would be interested in such training. Conclusions: It is clear that the scientists generally want to communicate and see the potential benefits. For the MRC to become a communicating organisation it must spell out to its scientists the importance and value placed on their communication activities. Science communication and development of links with community and media should be seen as part and parcel of scientific research, and given due recognition and support. Policies must be agreed and communicated with the scientists about recognising, encouraging and rewarding such efforts. The MRC also needs a clear media strategy giving guidelines on specific situations, as well as on the Ingelfinger rule.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Dit kom voor asofwetenskaplikes 'n 'internasionale gedragskode' het om die media te wantrou. Gesindhede van Suid-Afrikaanse wetenskaplikes teenoor die media en hulle ondervinding van die bekendmaking van hulle bevindinge aan die publiek en die media is nog nooit opgeteken nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Mediese Navorsingsraad (MNR) is 'n statutêre navorsingsliggaam met 'n uitstekende navorsingsgeskiedenis - maar die Suid-Afrikaanse publiek is haas onbewus van sy bestaan. Die MNR moet sy doelwitte en navorsingsbevindinge openbaar maak deur wetenskaplikes se kontak met die publiek en ander belangegroepe te bevorder. Doelwit: 'n Posopname is onder die MNR se wetenskaplikes gedoen om 'n 'basislyn' aanduiding van hulle gesindhede teenoor en ondervinding van kommunikasie met die publiek en media te verkry. Die resultate hiervan sal die ontwikkeling and implimentering van strategie om 'n vinnige handomkeer in gebruike by die MNR ten einde die bevordering van wetenskapskommunikasie te weeg te bring, stuur. Metode: 'n Vraelys met voorgestelde antwoorde is aan 253 MNR wetenskaplikes gestuur. Eenhonderd is teruggestuur (39.5%), wat 'n indrukwekkende groep van die MNR se navorsingsleiers verteenwoordig. Bevindinge: AlhoeweI48.9% van die wetenskaplikes elk al meer as 30 artikels in portuurevalueerde joernale publiseer het, het 38.9% nog nooit enige dekking in verband met hierdie artikels in die lekemedia ontvang nie. Desondanks beskou die wetenskaplikes' die publiek' en 'beleidmakers' as die mees belangrike groepe waarmee hulle moet kommunikeer. Die meeste dink ook die publiek verkry hul kennis van wetenskaplike navorsing en die gevolge daarvan vanuit die lekemedia. Die wetenskaplikes mag nie die media vertrou om akkurate wetenskaplike inligting weer te gee nie, maar hulle dink die algemene publiek vertrou wel die media. Die oorgrote meerderheid (92.8%) stem sterk saam of stem saam dat hulle 'n verpligting het om hulle navorsing en die implikasies daarvan met die publiek te deel, en 70.8% sou graag meer tyd hieraan wou afstaan. Die wetenskaplikes stem egter ook saam dat die dag tot-dag eise van hulle beroep te min tyd oorlaat om die implikasies van hulle navorsing aan ander te kommunikeer (47.5%) of om selfs hulle navorsing te doen (36.4%). Die meeste van die wetenskaplikes het nog nooit enige kontak met die media gehad nie, of dan wel slegs met tussenposes vanjare. Wanneer hulle die bron ofonderwerp van 'n nuusstorie was, was 65.4% óf 'baie tevrede' óf 'effens tevrede' met die dekking. Baie van hul kommentaar dui op onrealistiese verwagtinge wat slegs aangespreek kan word deur opleiding oor die 'hoe' en 'wat' van die media. Die meeste (86.9%) het nog nooit enige opleiding gehad om met die media te werk nie, maar 80.8% sou belangstel in sulke opleiding. Gevolgtrekkings: Dit is duidelik dat die wetenskaplikes oor die algemeen wil kommunikeer en ook die moontlike voordele daarvan insien. Om 'n kommunikerende organisasie te word, moet die MNR die belang en waarde wat geheg word aan wetenskaplikes se kommunikasieaktiwiteite, aan hulle uitspel. Wetenskaplike kommunikasie en die vorming van netwerke met die gemeenskap en die media moet gesien word as 'n deel van wetenskaplike navorsing en moet paslike erkenning en ondersteuning geniet. Beleid rakende die herkenning, aanmoediging en beloning van sulke pogings moet vasgestel en oorgedra word aan die wetenskaplikes. Die MNR het ook 'n duidelike mediastrategie nodig wat riglyne oor spesifieke situasies en die Ingelfinger reël gee.
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Ketija, Danovska. "Reasons behind children drop out of primary schools with unequal socio-economic preconditions : A comparative case study of three primary schools in Babati Town Council, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Utveckling och internationellt samarbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35520.
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One of the countries where the basic academic education is problematic to achieve is Tanzania. Despite the multiple attempts to increase enrolments and decrease dropouts through new partnerships and organizations, high level of drop out still occur in the country. Two research questions were composed in aim to understand why this drop out phenomenon still occur. First question: “Which individual/ collective factors contribute to that girls and boys in the age group between 7 and 13 drop out of primary schools?” and the second question: “What differences are there in the drop out causes between two more “privileged” and one more “marginalized” school?”. The answers to these questions were found through the field work in Babati Town Council, Tanzania. There primary data was gathered in form of semi-structured interviews with three headteachers from three different schools. Two privileged schools; Maisaka Primary School and Primary School Oyster bay, and one marginalized school; Kiongozi Primary School. Also interviews with nine parents/other guardians of dropouts were conducted. Gathered data was summarized in short case stories, narratives which later on were analyzed with in a theoretical framework. This theoretical framework consisted of six different theories. These theories are; Academic Mediation theory, General Deviance theory, Deviant Affiliation theory, Poor Family Socialization theory, Structural Strains theory and lastly a theory of Institutional Departure. The conclusion of the study is that, even though the schools are located in the same area a major difference in dropout rates and its causes are existing. At the marginalized school there is a high level of drop out and at more privileged schools no dropouts occur. Factors which play a major role for this existing difference are; childrens and parents commitment to school, family structure and background, family's socio-economic status, relationships in the family and of course quality of the school.
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Conrad, David B. "Lost in the Shadows of the Radio Tower: A Return to the Roots of Community Radio Ownership in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307383699.
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Holkenberg, Paulina, Hanna Rubin, and Linn Petrini-Barck. "Den skeva bilden : En studie i hur brottsrapporteringen i Efterlyst ser ut jämfört med brottsstatistiken, samt hur programmets tittare upplever att de påverkas." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10405.
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The purpose of this thesis was to determine the tv-show Efterlyst’s (Wanted)effects on viewers when it comes to how crime, criminals and victims are portrayed in the show. In order to achieve the purpose of our the study, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used We compared the image Efterlyst gives of crime, criminals and victims to statistical information from The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention and The Central Bureau of Statistiscs. By using focus-groups we also studied how Efterlyst portrays, in the season of 2009, and how it may have affected its viewers. Our conclusion was that there are important differences between how Efterlyst portrays crime and the image of crime the statistics gives. Our study also supports the idea that viewers can be affected by how Efterlyst reports about crime; they can get disorted understandings about crime and be influenced in such way that they feel unjustified fear from watching Efterlyst – a substantial reduction in their quality of life
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Ng'atigwa, Francis Xavier Verfasser], and Jürgen E. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Müller. "The Media in Society: Religious Radio Stations, Socio-Religious Discourse and National Cohesion in Tanzania / Francis Xavier Ng'atigwa. Betreuer: Jürgen E. Müller." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1059910411/34.
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Lilja, Therese, and Amelie Olsson. "Said and done? : A qualitative study in the gender mainstreaming work within Entebbe municipal council, Uganda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6457.
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Our study was a qualitative study in the gender mainstreaming work within Entebbe municipal council, Uganda. This thesis was funded by SIDA through a Minor Field Studies scholarship. The main focus was internal communication, particularly implementations of governmental policies. During eight weeks, we worked at the municipal council in Entebbe to investigate how the implementation of the local gender policy had been since its conduction in 2008. Our study worked on the theoretical frame of reference in the areas of organization, communication and project management. Our empirical data were gathered through conversations with citizens of Entebbe municipality, interviews with stakeholders and heads of departments of Entebbe municipal council, and observations of municipal programs and internal meetings. The purpose was to develop a communication plan, but the result of our research became a study to identify Entebbe municipal council’s current position in the implementation phase and to propose methods to oblige and fulfill the local gender policy’s objectives and requirements. The study showed that they didn’t need another steering document but increased presence of and communication about the local gender policy for the entire municipal council to contribute to a more gender equal organization.
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Powell, Mandy. "The origins and development of media education in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2550.
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This study combines analytical and narrative modes of historical enquiry with educational policy sociology to construct a history of media in education in Scotland. It uses the development trajectory of a single case, media education in Scotland's statutory education sector, to deconstruct and reconstruct a history of the institutional relationship between the Scottish Film Council (SFC) and the Scottish Education Department (SED) that stretches back to the 1930s. Existing literature describes media education in Scotland as a phenomenon located in the 1970s and 1980s. This study disaggregates media education discourse and dissolves chronological boundaries to make connections with earlier attempts to introduce media into Scottish education in the context of Scotland's constitutional relations within the UK. It employs historical and socio-cultural methods to analyse the intersections between actors and events taking place over six decades. The analysis and interpretation of the data is located in three time periods. Chapter 3 covers the period from 1929 until 1974 when, on the cusp of the emergence of the new texts and technologies of film, the SFC was established to promote and protect Scottish film culture and audio-visual technologies. During this time, the interdependence of teachers, the film trade and the educational policy-making community led to the production, distribution and exhibition of new and popular forms of text to national and international acclaim. By juxtaposing public and private documents circulating on the margins of statutory education, this chapter generates a new understanding of the importance of film and its technologies in Scotland in the pursuit of a more culturally relevant and contemporary model of education. It also describes how constraints upon Scotland’s cultural production infrastructure limited its capacity to effect significant educational change. In the 1970s, cultural, political and educational ferment in pre-devolution Scotland, created a discursive shift that gave rise first to media education and then to Media Studies. Articulating documents with wider discourses of educational and cultural change and interviews with key players, Chapter 4 describes a counter-narrative gaining momentum. The constraints of the practices of traditional subjects and pedagogies combined with the constraints on Scottish cultural production gave shape and form to the media education movement. Significantly for this study, the movement included influential members of Scottish education’s leadership class. Between 1983 to 1986, the innovative Media Education Development Project (MEDP) aimed to place media education at the centre of teaching and learning in Scottish education. This was fully funded by the SED, managed by the Scottish Council for Educational Technology (SCET) and the SFC and implemented by the Association for Media Education in Scotland (AMES). The MEDP overlapped briefly with another initiative in SCET, the Scottish Microelectronics Development Project (SMDP). During this period, Media Studies enjoyed rapid success as a popular non-advanced qualification in the upper secondary and further education sectors. Media education, however, did not. Chapter 5 explores the links between the MEDP and the SMDP through the agency of three central actors: SCET, the SFC and AMES in the context of a second term of Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government. This study concludes that between 1934 and 1964, the SFC was a key educational bureaucracy in Scottish education. The SFC’s role as an agent of change represented the recognition of a link between relevant and contemporary Scottish cultural production and the transformation of statutory education. Between 1929 and 1982 three iterations for media and education in Scotland can be discerned. In 1983, the MEDP began a fourth but its progress faltered. The study suggests that if a new iteration for media and education in Scotland in the twenty-first century is to emerge, an institutional link between media culture, technology and educational transformation requires to be restored.
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Lövgren, Charlotta, and Maja Dahl. "I need to use it, but do I like it? : a study of the attitudes towards using the mobile phone at work in Tanzania." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4384.
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The aim of this thesis is to find out the attitudes towards using the mobile telephone as a communication tool within the District Education Offices (DEO) in Iringa in Tanzania. This in order to collect an understanding of the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in a work place in a developing country and to develop an understanding of how and why ICT is used.
The theoretical framework which is the base for this study is made up by several theories within the field of development communication. Diffusion of innovations, ICT for developing countries, Technology Acceptance Model and a framework for sustainable ICT are the theories from which factors affecting attitudes have been collected to make up the theoretical framework for this study.
The study was conducted with qualitative interviews with the employees of two out of seven DEOs in Iringa in Tanzania. The interview data was also complemented with data from questionnaires, filled out by employees at the DEOs. The questions in interview guide and the questionnaire were formed with the theoretical framework as the starting point and later also analysed through the same theoretical framework. Four individual interviews and one group interview with five interviewees were conducted and twelve questionnaires were collected.
The compiled data showed that private usage, perceived ease of use, costs of usage, possible side effects of usage and the compatibility of the technology are the factors influencing the attitudes towards using the mobile phone at work and it can be concluded that the employees of the two District Education Offices in general had a positive attitude towards using the mobile phone, but that the technology and the work situation not yet were perfect for them to use the mobile phone without any restrains in their work.
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Lujara, Suzan. "Development of e-Learning Content and Delivery for Self Learning Environment : Case of Selected Rural Secondary Schools in Tanzania." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00405.
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The use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in developing countries like Tanzania is considered to be a necessity in order to overcome the challenges that are hindering the country from developing in all sectors and also from reducing the digital divide. As ICT is becoming more and more integrated in societies world wide, its effects are clearly seen i.e. on peoples’ lives, on countries’ economy, opens doors to new opportunities, change how people learn etc. Applying ICT to empower education is one of the national strategies in eradicating poverty in Tanzania. This licentiate research is about the use of ICT tools in the secondary schools arena particularly in the development of e-Learning content and delivery for self learning environment. The main aim is trying to reduce the long time existing problems of lack of learning and teaching resources and inadequacy of qualified teachers in rural secondary schools in Tanzania. The research is focused on two secondary schools as pilot schools at Kibaha district Pwani region. The licentiate research involves multidisciplinary principles in the development of the e-Learning resources. The knowledge of instructional design, learning objects, theories in pedagogy and software engineering principles has been acquired in the course of this study. The licentiate research is also based on the participatory action research methodology throughout the conduction of the research. The licentiate thesis is developed based on the data obtained from the two surveys conducted in a number of secondary schools in Tanzania, data from the readily available reports, literature review and from the participatory activities with the stakeholders. The main stakeholders are students, teachers, head teachers, and Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) officials. This is an applied type of research designed to solve a practical problem, the outcome of this study is a trial package of e-Learning material for secondary schools at the pilot site. The end product of the whole e-Learning research is the e-Learning Management System (e-LMS) and the proposed name for the system is TanSSe-L (Tanzania Secondary School e-Learning) system. The e-Learning contents will be delivered using a blended mode approach. Three delivery options are considered, first, of using the e-LMS (TanSSe-L) or local server for online delivery, second of using Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) for offline delivery and third of using face to face (F2F) for classroom delivery. This licentiate research is part of the on going e-Learning research work which will lead to a doctoral thesis.
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Schutte, Marietjie. "Utilisation of Social Media tools to enhance knowledge sharing practices among knowledge workers at the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology in Arusha, Tanzania." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62108.
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It is vital for knowledge workers to utilise social media tools to enhance knowledge sharing practices and the adoption of these collaborative tools in higher learning institutions. This study investigated the extent to which social media tools are utilised to enhance knowledge sharing practices among knowledge workers at Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania. The study conducted semi-structured interview with the NM-AIST library staff and Information and Communication Technology Resource Centre (ICT-RC) personnel in 2014. The study found that, the utilisation of social media tools to enhance knowledge sharing among knowledge workers is still in its early stages in higher learning institutions in Tanzania. However, there was much interest amongst respondents for integrating and utilising social media tools to support knowledge sharing in higher learning institutions. The findings indicated that: social media tools can be used to enhance knowledge sharing practices; however, face to face mechanism, Google Mail, and Google Drive were indicated as main mechanisms to enhance knowledge sharing practices in higher learning institutions. Knowledge workers at the NM-AIST shared knowledge to facilitate teaching and learning activities, research and innovation; however knowledge sharing practices occur when needs arise. The study revealed the lack of knowledge sharing culture documented at the NM-AIST. The study has recommended the following: proper training for knowledge workers, employment of skilled and experienced knowledge workers, provision of full support (motivation), provide support to individual users. Application of social media tools which are very familiar and simple to use, establishment of a good relationship between knowledge workers and the management, as well as with schools and departments in higher learning institutions. Additionally, the study recommends the provision of adequate social media tools to facilitate knowledge diffusion within institutions.Mini Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Information Science
MIT
Unrestricted
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Mariani, Francesca. "Communication of the collaborative act : How Swedish climate councils engage in collaboration-based sustainability." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50381.
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Contemporary times, characterized by global and complex challenges, call for innovative and comprehensive answers. Climate change and environmental issues are the protagonists of institutions’ agendas, who consequently are looking for new and effective ways of replying to these challenges. Collaborations among actors coming from different sectors, belonging both to the private and the public sector, represent a strong tool to reply to today’s challenges, where centrifugal and centripetal forces need to be managed. This study highlights the importance of collaborative efforts toward sustainable development, and particularly, it aims at emphasizing the importance of the communication aspect, which is often underestimated in collaboration-based models. To highlight the communication aspect in collaboration, three examples are analyzed: Jönköping Climate Council, Västra Götaland Climate Council and Jämtland Climate Council. Climate Councils represent a unique and effective Swedish institution that, through a joint effort between all the actors involved in a Region, put in place different activities to reach their climate goals. Semi-structured interviews with Climate Council’s representatives unfolded different aspects behind the Climate Council phenomenon. Moreover, the critical discourse analysis of three reports issued by the institutions gives results that are compared with what emerges from the interviews. The findings of the study aim at highlighting the key role of communication within collaborations, which in the Climate Council institutions play a vital role for the Climate Council to exist.
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Runge, Carsten. "Armut, Strukturanpassung und gesellschaftlicher Wandel in Tansania /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009087940&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Edwards, Gloria Dorothea Elizabeth. "Towards press freedom through self-regulation : trends in South African press ombudsman cases (August 2007 – August 2011) / Gloria Dorothea Elizabeth Edwards." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8688.
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Recent attacks on media freedom in South Africa, that includes the ruling ANC party’s proposal for statutory regulation of the press, have seen press self-regulation fiercely contested and the ombudsman of the Press Council of South Africa (PCSA) defending the press’ constitutional right to freedom of expression.
Extensive arguments have been made by government, the public and the press for other forms of press regulation, such as statutory and independent co-regulation. In addition no accurate, detailed trends arising from complaints the ombudsman has dealt with in recent years, have been freely available on which arguments in such a debate could be based.
This research analyses the complaints dealt with by the press ombudsman in recent years in order to evaluate the present self-regulatory system, which is based primarily on the theories of freedom of expression and social responsibility of the press.
The analyses involves determining what trends exist in complaints cases that the ombudsman, Joe Thloloe, has dealt with since he took office in August 2007, until August 2011 when a Review of his office was published by the PCSA.
The study takes a qualitative approach, with some degree of quantification, and utilises document analysis and qualitative content analysis as data collection methods to analyse 593 cases, with specific focus on government complaints which form 15% of all cases analysed.
The findings reflect that the ombudsman’s approach in dealing with complaints was fair, that he displayed intolerance for transgressions and that his rulings were free of any obvious bias. This is evident in, amongst other findings, the very few appeals lodged against his rulings and even less successful appeals. In addition the press often voluntarily corrected their mistakes before prompted by the ombudsman. The findings also dispel some of the ANC’s criticisms that have led to its calls for statutory press regulation, such as the public and government’s acceptance of the self-regulation system, complaints from government largely having involved accuracy and not privacy as the ANC claimed, and that government’s failure to sign the legal waiver often resulted in cases being dismissed.
The findings also point to a significant increase in complaints, specifically from government, in the year 2010, which is the year in which the ANC renewed its calls for statutory regulation. This does not necessarily reflect a sudden decline in the quality of journalism but rather indicates that the ruling party differed fundamentally in its philosophical thinking regarding the press, which was perhaps informed by a developmental model of the press rather than the social responsibility model on which the present system is based. In this sense the government sees it fit to interfere or censor the press if it feels the system is not performing.
The findings show the ombudsman’s office lacked proper record-keeping from which accurate statistics could be derived, leaving a gap for criticism against the ombudsman. In addition, most often complaints against newspapers involved accuracy and fairness (such as not asking for comment). As is evident in several complaints falling outside the ombudsman’s mandate and the high number of dismissed cases, the findings also point to a lack of awareness or information of the system and of the ombudsman’s roles.
In light of the theoretical frameworks that set out how the self-regulation system, which is entrenched in the notion of press freedom, can enhance the cause of press freedom by its ombudsman enforcing a socially responsible Press Code, the findings ultimately lead to the conclusion that the ombudsman’s work has advanced the cause of press freedom in South Africa during the research period.Thesis (MA (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Wallenrodhe, Nicole. "Addressing "non suitable" films in school : A Case study on Flickan, mamman och demonerna and the film pedagogic conditions." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filmvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-160861.
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The idea of what is suitable for children depends on the understandings and expectations of what childhood is and should contain. While "suitable" films have been praised for their obvious pedagogic function, "non-suitable" films (such as popular and violent films) have also managed to emerge into the film pedagogic context with varying arguments, e.g. that film education should reflect the reality of the youth or that children will see the films anyway and need guidance. This thesis explores a contemporary Swedish example of a contested children's film that was produced for school cinema but classified as harmful for children under the age of fifteen by the Swedish Media Council. By situating the case in relation to film pedagogic history and aspects from the use of violent films in the 1980's, the study shows how the film pedagogic discourse can be influenced by an anxiety concerning the "child's best". The study enhances the significant role of "enthusiastic teachers" and the importance of considering the current film pedagogic conditions.
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Backlund, Benjamin. "“The government is watching – don’t step on their toes” : An investigation of the press freedom and the working conditions for journalists in Tanzania." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-158136.
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According to reports from Reporters sans frontiers and Freedom House, the freedom of the press has declined during the recent years in the sub-Saharan country Tanzania. Using the human rights reports as an entry point, this study set out to investigate the working conditions for journalists in the capital de facto of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam. An important aim was to dig deeper and show the local and culturally specific conditions. The study supports that the press freedom, as well as the working conditions have declined during the last years for the journalists in Dar es Salaam. However, the study also shows that the new laws and government measures, described by the human rights reports as reducing the press freedom, is not considered by every journalist to be negative. The challenges differ among the corps of journalists, as their values of journalism differs. The greatest denominator among the informants was the high-degree of journalistic interventionism, directed at helping the society. In some cases, this took form as a practice of development journalism. The strong connections to the local community, the country and the religious affiliations are thought to contribute to these values. For journalists in private media, the press freedom was found to be the most acute problem, while for journalists in state-owned media it was economic issues. The press freedom was connected to the perceived job autonomy, and senior journalists and journalists working for international media were found to be more autonomous. Self-censorship was used by many in the private media sector as a tool to avoid both bureaucratic harassment from government, as well as violent repercussions. The main challenges included new restricting laws, economic issues which lead to the practice of brown envelopes, the parliament being located in Dodoma, gender-issues, scared sources and the advancement of social media. Theories and earlier research evolving from the values of journalism and journalism in Africa were used as tools to understand and compare with. The results are based on fieldwork conducted during a period of two months in the beginning of 2019, with qualitative interviews held with journalists in the city of Dar es Salaam.
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Farias, Steven Kalani. "A grammar of edification : constructing our social reality via efficient quotidian management with rhetorical forms." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/778.
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The following rhetorical criticism is an investigation of two public service announcements released by the Council on American-Islamic Relations. Utilizing a composite method derived from Osborn (1994), Brummett (1991) and Burke (1945), this study investigates what it means when to say how others ought to act and why they ought to act that way. This investigation demonstrates how the manipulations of identities, ideologies, and action are the elements used to motivate people to act in affirmation of an identity. Moreover, it demonstrates why the motivated social actions serve as foundations for constructing our social reality. Ultimately, it discovers and clarifies a grammar of edification, how that grammar allows for efficient quotidian management, and, thus, why it serves as a tool for managing everyday meaning in our social world.
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Howe, Elizabeth. "The role of social media in cultural relations : an analysis of whether the British Council's social media strategy coheres with the organisation's core purpose." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q094x/the-role-of-social-media-in-cultural-relations-an-analysis-of-whether-the-british-council-s-social-media-strategy-coheres-with-the-organisation-s-core-purpose.
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In 2010, in response to the announcement that the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) would be reducing the annual grant given to the British Council, the organisation announced it would increase its virtual presence. This thesis examines the organisation’s new social media strategy and evaluates whether it is aligned with the British Council’s core purposes. Using case study analysis, three British Council country office social media channels are reviewed. The analysis is informed by a table of components that are used to evaluate the British Council’s social media. These components and subsequent presentation of results were constructed through research carried out on the British Council, social media and the theoretical perspective of Alexander Vuving’s soft power currencies. Through studying the organisation’s approach to building trust and making relationships worldwide, and also placing the organisation into the context of a contributor to UK “soft power”, this research explores the role this modern means of communication has for a cultural relations organisation.
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Hartwich, Frank. "Evaluating performance of agricultural research & development : an economic analysis of R & D in universities and other research organizations in Cameroon and Tanzania /." Beuren : Grauer, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009836947&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Matthews, Giulia Vibilio. "The Italian Press and the Church: Italian Newspaper Coverage of LDS-Related News and the Media Strategies of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Italy 2010-2012." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5548.
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The relationship between media and religion has been influenced by many factors in history. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has received a great deal of media attention throughout the world in the past five years. In Italy, the Church National Council of Public Relations worked to provide the media with the necessary information to report accurate news about the Church. This thesis collected the information provided to the Italian media by the Church National Council and analyzed the main topic and the level of accuracy reported by the Italian media on Church-related news. The results show that Italian media tend to use the information provided by the Church only when discussing the Church in Italy, but still report a great deal of inaccurate or misleading information when discussing the Church in the world.
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Muir, Kathie. "'Tough enough?' : constructions of femininity in news reporting of Jennie George, ACTU president 1995-2000 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm9531.pdf.
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Englert, Birgit. "Bongo Media Worlds. Producing and Consuming Popular Culture in Dar es Salaam (Mainzer Beiträge zur Afrikaforschung, 34). Ed. by Matthias Krings and Uta Reuster-Jahn. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2014, 286 pp, softcover, size 17 x 24 cm, ISBN 978-3-89645-834-6." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-162824.
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Olszewski, Slawomir. "Johannes Gründels Beitrag zur Erneuerung der Moraltheologie nach dem II. Vatikanischen Konzil : Analyse und Bewertung seiner theologischen Ansätze." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] IKO - Verl. für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=015728584&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
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Kalinga, Ellen. "Development of an Interactive e-Learning Management System (e-LMS) for Tanzanian Secondary Schools." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00404.
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e-learning, as defined to be the use of information and communications technology (ICT) for supporting the educational processes, has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education system. Tanzania secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated. Rural Tanzania secondary schools face a number of problems including ways in getting learning materials, as well as inadequacy in qualified teachers. The impact of these problems is poor performance in National Examinations. This poor performance however is highly noted in science and mathematics subjects. The problem in getting learning materials can be reduced by employing ICT in secondary school education system. This research develops an interactive e-learning management system (e-LMS) to be used by Tanzanian secondary schools. The research is aiming to support teaching and learning functions by allowing creation and storage of learning materials, making them available, easily accessed and sharable among students from different secondary schools in Tanzania in a more organized way. Tanzania has only one curriculum for all secondary schools registered under the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT). During development stage it will not be easy to involve all scattered Tanzanian secondary schools. The research is focusing to two selected pilot schools; Kibaha secondary school and Wali-ul-Asr girls’ seminary in Kibaha town, Pwani region. Features of the e-LMS will represent the standard form of any other secondary school registered by the MoEVT. The complete implementation of the e-LMS to these selected pilot schools will later be extended to all other secondary schools in Tanzania. The development uses Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design (OOSAD) approach along with the power of modeling as it has been emphasized by Model Driven Architecture (MDA). Unified Modeling Language (UML) is mainly used in both cases. To create an interoperable system, UML is integrated with extensible markup language (XML) during model transformation from e-LMS Platform Independent Model (PIM) to e-LMS Platform Specific Model (PSM). Development will make use of open source software. For context specific development, participatory action research methodology is adopted and the inputs are well presented in developing e-LMS. Customization of open source learning management system (LMS) platforms is employed to help generate a timely solution to e-LMS development. Finally, this thesis also considers the need for replication and mirroring of the database for the purpose of making learning materials highly available to end-users.
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Tzvetanova, Neli. "Reklamní trh v Bulharsku a jeho právní regulace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76264.
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The aim of this thesis is to present Bulgarian advertisement market from several different perspectives. You can see the development of advertisement from the beginning until 2010 in Bulgaria. There is a comparison of expenditures on advertisement with Czech advertisement market. When we are talking about advertisement, it is important to mention cultural differences. The biggest part of my thesis consists of legal and ethical regulation, when you can see the main differences in compare to Czech republic. The end of thesis belongs to Advertising self-regulation, which is represented by National Council for Self-Regulation in Bulgaria and Rada pro reklamu in Czech republic.
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Kuntz, Friederike. "Der Weg zum Irak-Krieg : Groupthink und die Entscheidungsprozesse der Bush-Regierung /." Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016085183&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Steinke, Jonathan. "New opportunities for agricultural extension services: Mainstreaming large-scale farmer participation through modern ICT." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20903.
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Kleinbäuerliche Haushalte im Globalen Süden sind zunehmend gefordert, ihre landwirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten an globale Veränderungen anzupassen. Landwirtschaftliche Beratungsdienste (extension services) stoßen vielerorts auf Schwierigkeiten, eine wachsende rurale Bevölkerung mit heterogenen Informationsbedürfnissen adäquat zu erreichen. Die zunehmende Verbreitung moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) hat in jüngster Zeit neue Möglichkeiten geschaffen, Information weitreichend zu verbreiten. Gleichzeitig bietet digitale Kommunikation aber auch Möglichkeiten, große Zahlen von Bäuerinnen und Bauern in der Erzeugung von Wissen und Information einzubinden. Durch digitale Kanäle können landwirtschaftliche Beratungsdienste systematisch Daten-Inputs von ihrer Zielgruppe erheben, sie aggregiert verarbeiten, und auf dieser Grundlage ihre Dienstleistung verbessern. Diese Dissertationsschrift präsentiert drei Machbarkeitsstudien zu verschiedenen Strategien zur Einbindung großer Zahlen von Bäuerinnen und Bauern in der landwirtschaftlichen Beratung mittels moderner IKT. Eine erste Studie untersucht die Machbarkeit und den Nutzen digital unterstützter landwirtschaftlicher „Bürgerwissenschaft“ (citizen science) zur Einbindung von Bäuerinnen und Bauern in der Wissensgenerierung. Eine zweite Studie passt den „Positive Deviance-Ansatz“ an multi-dimensionale kleinbäuerliche Entwicklung an. Eine dritte Studie präsentiert und testet ein Verfahren zur Nutzung von „Zwei-Wege-Kommunikation“ über Mobiltelefone, um die automatisierte, individuelle Priorisierung von Beratungsinhalten in kleinbäuerlichem Kontext zu verbessern. Auf Basis der vorgelegten Erkenntnisse aus drei unabhängigen Machbarkeitsstudien macht die Dissertationsschrift Vorschläge, wie landwirtschaftliche Beratungsdienste im Globalen Süden die Herausforderungen der großen Zahl und starken Heterogenität kleinbäuerlicher Haushalte mit effizienter, systematischer Nutzung digitaler Medien begegnen können.Smallholder farmers across the Global South increasingly need to adapt their farming activities to fast-paced changes. Worldwide, agricultural extension services face the challenge of reaching a large and growing clientele with highly diverse information needs. In recent years, increased penetration of modern information and communication technology (ICT) has created new opportunities for disseminating agricultural information. At the same time, digital communication can also allow the involvement of large numbers of farmers in the creation and aggregation of relevant knowledge and information. By collecting well-defined data inputs from farmers and processing these data in systematic ways, agricultural advisory services can potentially improve their overall performance towards a large and heterogeneous clientele. Through three proof-of-concept studies, this dissertation delivers empirical evidence on the feasibility of different ways of employing modern ICT to harness large-scale farmer participation in agricultural extension. A first study explores the feasibility and usefulness of digitally-enabled agricultural citizen science for involving large numbers of farmers in knowledge generation. A second study adapts the ‘Positive Deviance approach’ to multi-dimensional agricultural development and delivers evidence on its feasibility. A third study suggests and tests a procedure for employing two-way communication through mobile phone interfaces for improving the targeting of agricultural advisory messages in smallholder context. Based on the empirical evidence from these three independent proof-of-concept studies, the dissertation suggests how agricultural extension services in the Global South can address the challenges of scale and complexity in smallholder farming context through increased methodological pluralism, greater farmer participation, and efficient, systematic use of digital media.
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Onana, Auguste Charles. "Rwanda, l'Opération Turquoise et la controverse médiatique (1994-2014) : analyse des enquêtes journalistiques, des documents secret-défense et de la stratégie militaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3083.
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Le 22 juin 1994, le Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU vote la résolution 929 autorisantle déploiement d’une force multinationale humanitaire, neutre et impartiale au Rwandaayant pour mission de mettre fin aux massacres. Concrètement, c’est la France, àl’initiative de ce projet, qui va assurer le commandement de la mission dénomméeOpération Turquoise. Celle-ci se heurte à l’opposition des rebelles tutsis du FrontPatriotique Rwandais, aux réserves des organisations humanitaires mais elle reçoit lesoutien appuyé du gouvernement intérimaire rwandais hutu. L’Opération Turquoisesuscite surtout une vague d’accusations dans la presse française, le président FrançoisMitterrand et les militaires français étant accusés de « complicité de génocide », voire de« participation au génocide ». Ces accusations perdurent et reviennent régulièrementdepuis plus de vingt ans, relayées par des journalistes qui disent avoir découvert puisrévélé « l’inavouable » rôle de la France au Rwanda.Cette étude analyse les enquêtes journalistiques menées de 1994 à 2014 et lesconfronte aux documents confidentiels et secret-défense issus des archives américaines,françaises, rwandaises et onusiennes, ainsi qu’à la stratégie militaire mise en oeuvredurant l’Opération Turquoise. Elle permet ainsi d’identifier les sources sur lesquellesreposent ces accusations et d’en évaluer le bien-fondé. Ce faisant, elle met en évidence lafaçon dont la recherche s’est concentrée sur le génocide au détriment de la lutte arméeinitiée par le FPR de 1990 à juillet 1994, laissant de côté des aspects essentiels à lacompréhension de la tragédie rwandaiseOn the 22nd June 1994, the UN Security Council passes the resolution 929authorising the deployment of a multinational humanitarian, neutral and impartial force toRwanda having as its mission to put an end to the massacres. In concrete terms, it isFrance, on initiative of this project, who goes to carry out the command of the missionnamed Operation Turquoise. This comes up against the opposition of the Tutsis rebels ofthe Rwandan Patriotic Front, to the reservations of the humanitarian organisations but itreceives the backup support of the acting Rwandan Hutu government. OperationTurquoise incites above all a wave of accusations in the French press, with the PresidentFrançois Mitterand and the French military soldiers being accused of 'complicity ingenocide', even of taking part in the genocide. These accusations have endured and havebeen regularly coming back for more than twenty years, relayed by journalists who claimto have discovered then revealed the shameful role of France in RwandaThis study analyses the journalistic inquiries led from 1994 to 2014 and comparesthem with confidential secret defence documents stemming from American, French,Rwandan and UN records, as well as the military strategy put in place during OperationTurquoise. It also allows identification of the sources on which these accusations lie andevaluation of their validity. In so doing, it brings to the fore the way in which the researchhas focused on the genocide to the detriment of the armed struggle initiated by the RPFfrom 1990 to July 1994, leaving aside essential aspects in the comprehension of theRwandan tragedy
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Saurombe, Nampombe Pearson. "Public programming of public archives in the East and Southern Africa regional branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA):." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20084.
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Public programming initiatives are considered as an integral part of archival operations because they support greater use of archival records. This study investigated public programming practises in the ESARBICA region. The findings of the study were determined after applying methodological triangulation, within a quantitative research context. This included the use of self-administered questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and the analysis of documents and websites. Participants in this study were ESARBICA board members, Directors of the National Archives and archivists from the ESARBICA region. Nine (69.2%) national directors representing different member states completed the questionnaire and eight archivists from the same region were interviewed. Furthermore, three ESARBICA board members were also interviwed. Legislation and country reports from ESARBICA member states were reviewed, together with websites of institutions within the ESARBICA region that offered archival education and training.
Findings of the study indicated that public programming initiatives were not a priority. Reasons for this included lack of public programming policies, budgetary constraints, shortage of staff and lack of transport. Furthermore, the national archives were reluctant to rope in technology to promote their archives. Collaboration efforts with regard to promoting archives were shallow. Moreover, the investigation of user needs was restricted to existing users of the archives. In addition to all this, the archivists felt that they needed to improve their public programming skills.
The study therefore suggests that the national archives of ESARBICA should focus on: legislation, public programming policies, advocacy, users, partnerships and skills. Taking these factors into consideration, an inclusive and integrated public programming framework was developed and proposed as a possible measure for improving public programming efforts in the ESARBICA region.Information Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)
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Warioba, Letisia Moses. "Management of conflict in city and municipal councils in Tanzania with specific reference to Iringa municipal council and tanga city council." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/708.
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The study intended to investigate conflict management capacity in local government authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. Specific objectives embrace to: identify types of conflict; find out causes of conflict within Tanzania LGAs; find out positive and negative effects of conflict; explore mechanisms available for conflict resolution; identify the problems encountered in resolving conflict; and recommend policy options and strategies for managing conflict in LGAs.
Research questions included: what types of conflict persist in the city and municipal councils in Tanzania?; to what extent does conflict lead to the strengthening or weakening of the relationship between the councilors and the permanent public officials?; and what are the available mechanisms for conflict resolution?
The study was conducted in Iringa Municipal Council and Tanga City Council using a case study design. This involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total number of 1012 respondents constituted a study sample.
The research instruments included: observation, interviews, questionnaires, consultations with informants and informal discussions, focus group discussions and documentary reviews.
The study found that conflict existed in the councils because of factors like inadequacy of funds, lack of transparency, lack of accountability and low level of education among the councillors. The available mechanisms for conflict resolution included: mediation, disciplinary committees, meetings, informal discussions, seminars and guidance and counselling. However, these mechanisms were not effectively used in managing conflict.
Lastly, the respondents suggested measures for improving conflict resolution skills. They include: frequent meetings, provision of education and training, increased transparency, definition of roles through job descriptions, increased participatory decision-making, and increased sources of funds.Public Administration
D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)
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Kam, Ralph Thomas. "Mediator and advocate the history of the Honolulu Community-Media Council /." Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=913513571&SrchMode=2&sid=11&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1234301193&clientId=23440.
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Nkundakozera, Prince Bahati. "An assessment of the Media High Council as a media regulatory body in Rwanda, 2007-2010." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5964.
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The Media High Council (MHC) was put in place by the 2003 constitution of the Republic of Rwanda as amended to today. As article 34 clarifies, the MHC is an independent institution which aims to address issues of media and press freedom. In the same spirit, the law number 30 /2009 of 16/9/2009 determines its mission, organisation and functioning. According to article 2 of this law, the Media High Council is responsible for protection, control and promotion of media and media professionals. Based on normative theories, qualitative methods and thematic analysis, this study has explored the policy formation of the Media High Council and how it has been balancing the seeming contradictory responsibilities of protecting and controlling media from 2007 to 2010.Communication Science
M.A. (Communication)
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Laini, Valerian. "The integration of mass media and folk media in promoting literacy for rural development in Tanzania." Thesis, 1985. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5179/1/ML23166.pdf.
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Wagner, Angelia. ""Just the facts, ma'am": newspaper depictions of women council candidates during the 2007 Alberta municipal election." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/829.
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Do women municipal politicians encounter the same level of media bias as their national counterparts? This question guided a study of how three daily and three community newspapers portrayed women and men council candidates during the 2007 Alberta municipal election. Using content and discourse analysis, the study compared how journalists covered female and male candidates personal traits, campaign platforms, public utterances, and electoral viability as well as how visible both groups of candidates were in newspaper election coverage. Results from the study indicate that while aspiring women councillors do face a subtle sexism, the media environment they encounter while campaigning is generally more gender-neutral and hospitable to them than the one awaiting women competing for elite national office. Thus, scholarly belief that the media act can as a barrier to womens candidacy are largely unfounded at the municipal level.
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"Activating informed participation: an assessment of media effects on voter turnout in the 1998 Hong Kong Legislative Council Election." 1999. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889959.
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by Lee Lap-fung, Francis.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-197).
Abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2 --- The background of the 1998 election --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Approaches to election and media effects studies --- p.20
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Activating informed participation - a conceptual model for empirical evaluation --- p.33
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Design and methods --- p.47
Chapter Chapter 6 --- "News consumption, knowledge and sophistication" --- p.51
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Media and political attitudes --- p.65
Chapter Chapter 8 --- Voter turnout --- p.100
Chapter Chapter 9 --- The pitfalls of media strategic coverage: How media fall short from activating informed participation --- p.120
Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusion: Mass media and political participation in Hong Kong --- p.147
Appendix A Variable constructions and statistical procedures --- p.159
Appendix B Questionnaires and basic information about the data --- p.165
"Appendix C Electoral system,vote calculating method, and candidate lists" --- p.180
Reference --- p.187
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Changarawe, Francine. "The Implications of the Chequebook Journalism and Envelope Journalism to the Effectiveness of Media reporting. : " in Tanzania"." Thesis, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-258713.
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The United Republic of Tanzania was formed on 26 April 1964 by the union of Tanganyika and the insular state of Zanzibar, comprising the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. Today’s Tanzania is a key East Africa country, with a multiparty political system, and a well-developed civil society. It is the region’s largest country in terms of both land size and population, and major regional economic power. On 31st of October 2010, Tanzania held its fourth general elections since the re-introduction of the multi-party system in 1992. The famous ruling party is Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), won both the Union and the Zanzibar presidents, and maintained its comfortable control of the National Assembly and of the Zanzibar House of Representatives. Though the development of news reporting has historically been central to conceptions of journalism in the many developing countries, studies on professionalism in developing countries are rare. In this connection, academic research has largely overlooked the truth relating to the subject of professionalism in journalism in Africa, including in Tanzania. For instance, there are hardly any studies of the phenomena of chequebook journalism and envelope journalism, which are conspicuously widespread in African countries. In the cases of both chequebook journalism and envelope journalism, we refer to phenomena, where journalists accept payments from different news sources, in order to give them (preference in) coverage. Invariably, there is a commodification of the journalist services vis á vis the coverage of news from different sources. A few existing studies have used directories from the East African countries. However, they face the face the caveat of little effort being made to adjust them the realities of the African setting. To address this challenge, this study – which focuses on journalistic professionalism in Tanzania - addresses the phenomena by using different approach of literature reviews: incorporating structural functionalism, journalism ethics, and normative models of development or advancing media. Specifically, it indicates cognitive differences in terms of how journalists in Tanzania perceive and experience chequebook journalism and envelope journalism. The data, which were used in the study, were collected using documents review, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD). Accordingly, the instruments used to collect data included both structured and unstructured questionnaires. The findings indicate that Tanzanian journalists revere chequebook journalism and envelope journalism, and the practice has reached unprecedented levels in the country. The main reason for this is socio-economic: journalists getting low salary make them more vulnerable and therefore motivated to accept payments from news sources. The problem of supplementing their incomes through this disputed practice has, however, unfavorably affected journalist’s objectivity and professionalism. Additionally, development news reporting which seldom offers envelope journalism is being avoided. One alarming result is a shift from a traditional model of journalism, where journalists strive to report any legitimate news, to a public relations model, where news is heavily influenced by source and amount of payments. These results suggest that the public may be short-changed on its informational needs by being fed tactfully structured elitist news. Given the media's role in the development process, this may adversely affect development in the developing countries like Tanzania. Keywords: Envelope Journalism, Ethics, Professionalism, Journalism, Journalist, and Chequebook Journalism.Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.