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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Media pathology'
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Schieder, Christian, and Anja Lorenz. "Towards a pathology of social media." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82030.
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The full transformational effects of Social Media have yet to be understood. Alongside its heavily discussed benefits, a number of potentially harmful effects have become apparent lately. Phenomena such as still increasing information overload, cyber-bullying, or loss of identity have been described in recent research literature from various domains. By means of a literature review our paper aims at reviewing, cataloguing and classifying these psychological and social disorders that have been reported to be related to Social Media engagement. We distinguish between active participation in and mere exposure to Social Media. Using a psychopathological classification scheme, we structure the identified symptoms and syndromes, providing a common language and taxonomy with which the identified disorders can be described and classified accurately. Thus, we are laying out a foundation necessary for the research into and the understanding of the aetiology and eventually the means for the prevention of the negative effects of Social Media usage within individuals in information societies.
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Bair, Carrie. "Relations Among Media, Eating Pathology and Body Dissatisfaction in College Women." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2359.
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Research has identified a relation between exposure to thin-ideal magazine and television media images and eating disorder pathology. However, few studies have examined the potential influence of Internet media on eating disorder behaviors and attitudes. This study investigated the associations among appearance-orientated media exposure, body dissatisfaction, eating pathology and thin-ideal internalization in a sample of 421 female undergraduate students. Results indicate that undergraduate women spend significantly more time viewing appearance-oriented sources online, rather than reading appearance-orientated magazines. Appearance-oriented Internet consumption was also more strongly associated with eating disorder pathology than was use of other media (television and magazines). Relations between appearance-orientated media use (all types) and body dissatisfaction was mediated by thin-ideal internalization. These findings are consistent with those of previous research, and highlight the vulnerability individuals high in thin-ideal internalization might have following media exposure. They also suggest that Internet media might be an important topic to include in eating disorders prevention and treatment.
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Lorenz, Anja, and Christian Schieder. "Struktur und Modell medienbezogener Störungen durch Social Media-Partizipation und -Exposition." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82058.
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Nach einer vorab veröffentlichten Studie der öffentlich-rechtlichen Medienanstalten [vEF11] nutzen mittlerweile mehr als 50 Millionen Menschen in Deutschland das Internet. Die Verbreitung beträgt bei Frauen 68,5% und 78,3% bei Männern, wobei vor allem in den Gruppen der Senioren und bei den Frauen erhebliche Zuwachsraten beobachtet wurden. In kaum mehr als einem Jahrzehnt (1997 nutzen lediglich 6,5% der Bevölkerung das Internet), hat hier eine neue Technologie die Bevölkerung in ihrer ganzen Breite durchdringen können. Die nächste Revolution zeichnet sich bereits ab, diesmal hinsichtlich der Nutzungsformen des Internets. Wurde es zunächst noch als Substitut klassischer Medien in ebensolcher Weise eingesetzt – als Medium für die Massen – stehen mit Blogs, Wikis und Social Networks nunmehr Plattformen zur Verfügung, die das Internet zu einem Medium von den Massen werden lässt.
Eine zentrale Herausforderung im Kontext dieser auch als Social Media bezeichneten Medienformen, ist die schier unfassbare Menge produzierter Informationen: Im Oktober 2010 wurden 35 Stunden Videomaterial pro Minute auf YouTube gespeichert [Wal10], im Juni 2011 berichtete Twitter von 200 Millionen Tweets pro Tag [Twi11]. Das Problem im Umgang mit Informationen besteht nicht mehr in deren Beschaffung, sondern in deren Filterung [Sav07]. Ein wesentliches Merkmal ist dabei das Fehlen jeglicher Instanz zur Qualitätssicherung [GT09]. Die Möglichkeit für jeden, sich an der Erstellung von Informationen und ihrer Verbreitung zu beteiligen, ist Segen und Fluch zugleich. Nach der anfänglich bedenkenlosen Euphorie treten zunehmend kritische Stimmen ans Licht. Die ungehinderte Verbreitung ethisch bedenklicher Meinungsäußerungen [Lis11], Cybermobbing [LN11] oder Informationsvandalismus [Kop11] häufen sich. Mit Burnout durch Information Overload [EM04] [LP10] oder sog. Facebook Depressionen [Wri10] [OCP11], werden die ersten Krankheitsbilder direkt mit dem Konsum von Social Media in Verbindung gebracht.
Für den Umgang mit diesen neuen Medienformen ist es daher unerlässlich, ein Bewusstsein für Risiken, Nebenwirkungen und mögliche Störungen zu entwickeln, und (potenzielle) Dysfunktionen entsprechend zu berücksichtigen. Aufbauend auf die Arbeit von [SL11], in der eine erste Taxonomie potenzieller und realisierter Pathologien (krankhafter Phänomene) beschrieben wurde, vertieft dieser Beitrag die Beobachtungen zur pathologischen Mediennutzung im Kontext der Social Media. Er stellt ein Modell zur Beschreibung der Störungszusammenhänge bei der Partizipation an Social Media im Speziellen und der Exposition gegenüber Social Media im Allgemeinen vor. Der Beitrag ist in weitere vier Abschnitte gegliedert: Abschnitt 2 gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung im Bereich Social-Mediabezogener Störungen. Abschnitt 3 beschreibt anschließend die Struktur dieser Störungen anhand der in der Literatur beschriebenen Symptome und deren taxonomischer Einordnung. Abschnitt 4 führt das erwähnte Beschreibungsmodell ein bevor Abschnitt 5 Herausforderungen und den weiteren Forschungsbedarf skizziert.
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Lynn, Timothy Forest. "Otitis media and language development in late talkers." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4100.
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While there is agreement in the literature that otitis media is an extremely prevalent disorder among young children, there is disagreement as to the effect that otitis media has on language development. The lack of definitive research attests to the complexity of the issue and to the need for continued research.
This study examined the relationship between an early history of otitis media and the language development of a group of "late talkers". The 28 toddlers in this group, while otherwise normal, were late to begin to speak. Each of the subjects was placed into one of two subgroups, depending upon their reported experience with otitis media. When the children were four years old, they were evaluated using the TOLD-P and a spontaneous speech sample. A similar group of 25 children who had a history of normal language development was also examined.
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Hohl, Katrin. "The role of mass media and police communication in trust in the police : new approaches to the analysis of survey and media data." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/213/.
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The thesis contributes to the literature on public opinion of and trust in the police. The theoretical framework is based on Tyler’s procedural justice theory adapted to the British context. Procedural justice theory postulates that legitimacy and trust are largely based on perceptions of procedural fairness – believing that the police treat citizens with fairness and respect and that citizen’s views are heard and taken into account. The focus of the thesis is on the role of the mass media and police communication in shaping such perceptions, public trust, and other related aspects of public opinion of the police. The thesis contributes new empirical evidence of theoretical and practical significance with three empirical studies. The first study tests a series of hypotheses about media effects on public opinion. It combines a comprehensive content analysis of newspaper reporting on policing in five major British newspapers from 2007 to 2010 with public opinion data from a large-scale population representative survey fielded continuously over the same three-year period. The second study is a ‘real-world’ quasi-randomised experiment testing the impact of local police newsletters on public trust in the police in seven neighbourhoods in London. The third study examines the role of perceptions of information provision in public trust in the police more closely based on the survey data from the first study. The findings suggest that media and police messages about how the police conduct themselves towards individual citizens as well as towards the community at large have a bigger effect on public trust than messages about the effectiveness of the police in carrying out their duties. Overall, press reporting has a small effect on public trust in the police. Police communication can enhance public trust in the police and is important in particular for those who have least trust in the police.
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Larsson, Annika. "Medin amyloid - a matter close to the heart : Studies on medin amyloid formation and involvement in aortic pathology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för genetik och patologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9275.
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Amyloidoses are a group of protein misfolding diseases characterized by deposits of insoluble fibrillar protein aggregates. Medin amyloid, which is the focus of this thesis, appears in the media of the thoracic aorta in nearly all individuals over 50 years. The fibrils are derived from a 50 amino acid residue fragment of the precursor protein lactadherin. How medin amyloid arises is unknown, but in paper I we demonstrated, with immunohistochemical and in vitro binding experiments, that both lactadherin and medin interact with elastin, implying that the elastic fibre is central in amyloid formation. In paper II, we further showed that the last 18-19 amino acid residues constitute the amyloid-promoting region. In paper III, the consequence of medin deposition was investigated. Aortic specimens from patients with thoracic aorta aneurysm and dissection were examined for medin content. The tissue findings indicated that the two disease groups contained more medin oligomers than normal aortas. Interestingly, recent reports demonstrate that the toxicity of amyloid proteins is attributed to prefibrillar oligomeric aggregates rather than to mature fibrils. In support of this finding, we observed that prefibrillar medin, in contrast to medin fibrils, was toxic in cell culture. Amyloid formation is a nucleation-dependent process. Addition of preformed fibrils to an amyloid protein solution dramatically accelerates fibrillation, a phenomenon called seeding. In paper IV, serum amyloid A-derived (AA) amyloid was found co-localized with medin deposits in the aorta. In vitro, medin fibrils enhanced the formation of AA fibrils, indicative of a seeding mechanism. The data are of great importance as they suggest that one type of amyloid is capable of inducing fibrillation and deposition of another amyloid type. In conclusion, the results of this thesis shed light on how medin is formed, the function of lactadherin and the consequences of medin deposition for aortic pathology.
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Nesbitt, Carolyn Jean. "Effects of media consumption, through guide elaboration and proportional valuation of self, on eating pathology in young women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ61669.pdf.
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Knutsson, Johan. "Morphology and biochemistry of the tympanic membrane in relation to retraction pathology." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-842-6/.
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Armosti, Yianna. "Rape myth acceptance : exploring the influences of media and the Greek-Cypriot culture." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7330/.
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The aims of this thesis were to investigate the impact of media on Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA), and to explore the attitudes of Greek-Cypriots toward victims of rape. The systematic review of the existing literature explored whether seven types of media affect individuals’ RMA. The findings show that RMA of male participants exposed to experimental stimuli was significantly higher than male participants exposed to neutral media. This trend did not hold for females. Chapter Three presents a critique of the RMA scale used in the empirical study: the Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression scale (AMMSA; Gerger et al., 2007). The chapter presents methodological issues of existing RMA measures, discusses the rationale for the development of the AMMSA and presents its main strengths and limitations. Chapter Four aimed at examining the RMA of Greek-Cypriots and their attributions of blame in situations depicting sexual violence. The results indicate that males endorse more RMA and tend to attribute more blame to the victim and less to the perpetrator. Older participants and participants not acquainted with victims of sexual assault scored higher on the RMA scale. The final chapter summarises the findings and discusses implications for practice and recommendations for future research.
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Matthews, Janeille. "Competing constructions : a mixed methods investigation of the popular and media framing of the Antigua crime story." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3182/.
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This study makes an argument for a constructionist understanding of crime in Antigua and Barbuda. Specifically, the study argues that the way in which members of the public and the news media talk about crime is important because understanding how crime is framed in terms of causes and remedies necessarily influences who we criminalise, what legislation we pass and how we allocate our tax dollars. As such, framing crime in ways that are tinged with hyperbole, or that run contrary to evidence is unlikely to result in effective policy responses. The way in which crime is currently framed in Antigua and Barbuda – as a relatively recent phenomenon that is spiralling out of control and is characterised by increasing violence, as a phenomenon that is perpetuated by predatory young people with individual pathologies, as a phenomenon that is increasing largely because police and politicians are corrupt and young people are being inculcated with foreign cultural values – has resulted in punitive policy and ‘tough on crime’ rhetoric that do not appear to have had a substantial effect on the country’s crime rate. However, this study finds that there might be room for more progressive crime policy – policy that is informed by an understanding of crime that does not have at its heart notions of law and order or getting ‘tough on crime’.
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Lorenz, Anja, and Christian Schieder. "Grundzüge einer Pathologie medienbezogener Störungen im Web2.0." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82084.
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Social Media birgt neben den vielen nutzenbringenden Anwendungsfeldern auch eine Reihe von Gefahren: Der ungefilterte und vor allem unreflektierte Umgang mit einer Vielzahl an Informationsquellen führt zu Phänomenen wie Information Overload oder Cybermobbing, die schließlich in realen gesundheitsgefährdenden Störungen resultieren können. Dabei unterscheiden wir zwischen Störungen der Partizipation und Störungen durch die Exposition und untergliedern diese gemäß pathologischer und sozialwissenschaftlicher Ordnungssysteme. Ebenso wie bei der Erforschung neuer Krankheitsbilder werden hier zunächst eine einheitliche Sprache und eine Taxonomie benötigt, mit der die gefundenen Krankheitsbilder, die Pathologien, korrekt beschrieben und eingeordnet werden können. Der Beitrag liefert hierfür einen ersten Ansatz und schafft damit Voraussetzungen zur Entwicklung informationstechnischer Präventionsmaßnahmen.
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Lorenz, Anja, and Christian Schieder. "Grundzüge einer Pathologie medienbezogener Störungen im Web2.0." Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2011. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19643.
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Social Media birgt neben den vielen nutzenbringenden Anwendungsfeldern auch eine Reihe von Gefahren: Der ungefilterte und vor allem unreflektierte Umgang mit einer Vielzahl an Informationsquellen führt zu Phänomenen wie Information Overload oder Cybermobbing, die schließlich in realen gesundheitsgefährdenden Störungen resultieren können. Dabei unterscheiden wir zwischen Störungen der Partizipation und Störungen durch die Exposition und untergliedern diese gemäß pathologischer und sozialwissenschaftlicher Ordnungssysteme. Ebenso wie bei der Erforschung neuer Krankheitsbilder werden hier zunächst eine einheitliche Sprache und eine Taxonomie benötigt, mit der die gefundenen Krankheitsbilder, die Pathologien, korrekt beschrieben und eingeordnet werden können. Der Beitrag liefert hierfür einen ersten Ansatz und schafft damit Voraussetzungen zur Entwicklung informationstechnischer Präventionsmaßnahmen.
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Graef, Josefin. "Narrating violent crime and negotiating Germanness : the print news media and the National Socialist Underground (NSU), 2000-2012." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7274/.
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This thesis examines how the German print news media negotiate notions of Germanness by narrating the acts of violent crime committed by the right-wing extremist group National Socialist Underground (NSU) between 2000 and 2011. Combining Paul Ricœur’s textual hermeneutics with insights from narrative criminology as well as violence and narrative media studies, I approach the NSU as a narrative puzzle. I thereby investigate how the media narrate a murder series of nine men with a migration background, a nail bomb attack in a Turkish-dominated street and an (attempted) murder of two police officers. I compare the narratives constructed both before and after the identification of the perpetrators in November 2011. Through an extensive narrative analysis of news media discourse, I examine how notions of Germanness are negotiated through the construction of relationships between perpetrators, victims, society and the state. The key argument is that the NSU has not affected dominant perceptions of Germanness, but reinforced existing ones through the creation of a hierarchy of “‘Others’ within”: immigrants, East Germans, and (right-wing) extremists. The findings show that the interpretation of acts of violent crime, especially over extended periods of time, is rooted in everyday practices of story-telling and identity construction.
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Lorenz, Anja, and Christian Schieder. "Struktur und Modell medienbezogener Störungen durch Social Media-Partizipation und -Exposition." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28074.
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Francesco, Renata Cantisani Di. "Correlação entre a morfologia craniofacial e doença da orelha média em adultos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-19022004-164620/.
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'A face de cada um de nós apresenta características únicas. Resultado da combinação de tipos variados de mandíbulas, maxilas, órbitas, é o que nos faz reconhecer cada indivíduo. As crianças apresentam proporções faciais distintas dos adultos. O processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial é influenciado por diversos fatores: tanto sistêmicos (genéticos, metabólicos, etc.) quanto locais (respiração nasal, dentição, hábitos orais). Sabe-se que a incidência de otites na infância é maior que em adultos e o que se atribui `a posição mais horizontal da tuba auditiva, em relação `a base do crânio nas crianças. A tuba auditiva é parte da orelha média que se estende desde o osso temporal até a nasofaringe, cujo desenvolvimento é influenciado pelo crescimento craniofacial. As doenças da orelha média influenciadas pela função da tuba auditiva, também ocorrem em adultos, ainda que em menor proporção. Uma vez que a menor incidência das doenças em adultos é atribuída ao crescimento da tuba auditiva, e este é dependente do crescimento craniofacial, deve haver relação entre as doenças da orelha média em adultos com as características morfológicas da face. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar as doenças da orelha média, influenciadas pela função da tuba auditiva com a morfologia e tipologia craniofacial e determinar um traçado cefalométrico como fator prognóstico para estas doenças. Foram selecionados 66 pacientes, entre 18 e 40 anos, do Ambulatório da Divisão de Clínica Otorrinolaringológica da FMUSP. Os indivíduos foram divididos em 2 grupos sendo 32 com doença da orelha média e 34 sem, que constituiu o grupo controle. Os indivíduos não apresentavam nenhum dos fatores de exclusão a seguir: história pessoal ou familiar de fissura palatina, cirurgia bucal, maxilar, faríngea, nasal ou facial prévias, tratamento ortodôntico ou processos obstrutivos do óstio da tuba auditiva. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame físico otorrinolaringológico, videotoscopia, fibronasofaringoscopia e telerradiografia de perfil. As telerradiografias foram analisadas através de traçado cefalométrico. Observou-se diferenças das grandezas cefalométricas no grupo de indivíduos com doença da orelha média, referentes a base do crânio, projeção da maxila e altura facial. Não houve predomínio de um tipo facial em especial. Dessa forma, o seguinte traçado apresenta valor preditivo para a evolução das doenças da orelha média N-S (comprimento da base do crânio anterior), N-S.Ba (ângulo entre as bases anterior e média do crânio, PMax (profundidade maxilar) e N-ENA (altura facial anterior superior).'There are thousand types of faces and each one is unique. Individual faces are the result from the combination of different kinds of maxillas, mandibles, and orbits. The face proportions, in children, are distinct of adult ones. Craniofacial growth and development depends on a diversity of factors, such as: genetic, metabolic, nasal breathing, teeth development, etc. The auditory tube is part of middle ear and extends from temporal bone to nasopharynx. It has a more horizontal position in children than in adults; therefore otitis media is more frequent in this age group. The type of cranial base and the displacement of the maxilla during craniofacial growth influence the growth of the auditory tube. The lower frequency of otitis media in adults relates to the development of auditory tube during craniofacial growth. So, there should be a correlation between caniofacial morphology and otitis media. The aims of this study are to correlate facial types and cephalometric measurement morphology to otitis media and suggest which measurements can be used as a prediction of the evolution of otitis media. Sixty-four patients, 18 to 40 years old, were selected from the Outpatient Center of the Department of Otolaryngology of the University of São Paulo Medical School. They were divided into two groups: 32 with otitis media and 34 controls. We excluded patients with personal or familiar history of cleft palate, previous buccal, maxillar, pharyngeal, facial or nasal surgery, orthodontic treatment or obstructive process of the auditory tube ostia. All subjects underwent to complete ENT physical examination, videotoscopy, fibernasalendoscopy and lateral cephalograms. Statistical analysis of the cephalometric measurements showed significant differences of cranial base; projection of maxilla and facial height, in patients with otitis media when compared to the control group or to the ideal measures of the harmonic face. There was no predominance of any facial type. The following measures were found to be predictive of the evolution of otitis media: N-S (anterior cranial base), N-S.Ba (angle between anterior and medial cranial base), PMax (projection of the maxilla) and N-ANS(superior anteior facial height).'
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Rosewall, Juliet Mary. "Prevalence, Correlates and Moderators of Eating Pathology in New Zealand Women, Adolescent and Preadolescent Girls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2223.
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Despite the fact that eating disorders (EDs) and their subclinical variants are important health concerns, very little research has examined eating pathology and body image, including the factors that may contribute to their development, in New Zealand. Based on the Sociocultural Model of Eating Pathology, this thesis comprises four studies that aimed to identify the factors that may interact with different parts of this model to predict eating pathology. As part of each study, the cross-cultural validity of the assessment measures used was also examined. Across all four studies, the prevalence rates of eating pathology and associated pathology were comparable to overseas estimates. Participants for Study One were 243 adolescent girls recruited from secondary school in Christchurch, New Zealand. Participants completed questionnaires assessing eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, perfectionism, self-esteem, teasing and perceived sociocultural pressure. Regression analyses demonstrated that body dissatisfaction, socially prescribed (SP) perfectionism and negative affect uniquely predicted eating pathology in the adolescent sample. Moderator analyses indicated that high levels of SP and self-oriented (SO) perfectionism, negative affect, perceived pressure from others and the media, and low levels of self-esteem all increased the effect of body dissatisfaction on eating pathology among adolescents. Study Two examined the same risk factors among 170 preadolescent girls from primary schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, and found that body dissatisfaction, SP perfectionism and teasing independently predicted eating pathology. High levels of SO and SP perfectionism, perceived media pressure and low levels of self-esteem strengthened the body dissatisfaction-eating pathology relation. The goal of Study Three was to test the factors that serve to amplify the risk of internalising societal standards of thinness among 202 university women recruited from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. The participants completed questionnaires measuring perfectionism, sociocultural pressure to be thin, anorectic cognitions and anti-fat attitudes. Results indicated that social pressure and information about appearance standards independently predicted thin ideal internalization but no statistically significant moderators were found. Finally, taking another approach to studying women at high or low risk for eating problems, Study Four sought to examine and describe the characteristics of women with a high body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) who were not dissatisfied with their bodies and also women who were dissatisfied with their bodies but were not engaging in pathological eating behaviour. Participants were 166 university women recruited from the University of Canterbury who completed the Personality Assessment Inventory (1991) and questionnaires relating to body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. Both of the above-mentioned groups were characterised by lower overall distress, such as lower levels of anxiety, depression and borderline features. Overall, this research suggests that disordered eating and body image concerns occur among New Zealand women, adolescent and preadolescent girls at rates similar to Europe and North America. There was reasonable support for the validity of many of the assessment measures used. The research also highlights some factors that may influence the development of eating pathology among these populations and provides possible leads for future longitudinal research and, ultimately, prevention efforts.
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Peng, Siwei. "Medin Amyloid in Human Arteries and its Association with Arterial Diseases." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU) : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6700.
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Mertes, Ian Benjamin. "Repeatability of medial olivocochlear efferent effects on transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions in normal-hearing adults." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1364.
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The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) is a brainstem-mediated reflex that reduces cochlear amplifier gain when elicited by sound. The MOCR may provide benefits such as protection from acoustic trauma and improved hearing in background noise. Measurement of MOCR effects may also have clinical applications. MOCR effects can be measured using transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), as amplitudes of TEOAEs are typically reduced during MOCR activation.
The primary purpose of the current study was to quantify the repeatability of MOCR effects on TEOAEs because high repeatability in a healthy population is a necessary (but not sufficient) component of a clinically-useful test. A secondary purpose was to assess the relationship between MOCR strength and speech perception in noise. Twenty-one normal hearing subjects ages 18-30 participated. TEOAEs were elicited using 35 dB sensation level (SL) clicks. The MOCR was elicited using contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) consisting of 35 dB SL broadband noise. Sixteen measurements were made across a 5-week period (4 visits × 4 measurements per visit). TEOAEs were bandpass filtered in 1/6-octaves from 1-2 kHz. An individualized time-frequency analysis was used to select the largest TEOAE envelope peak within a restricted time analysis window. Responses were characterized as the complex ratio of TEOAEs obtained with versus without CAS. The statistical significance of effects was assessed.
Results revealed generally high levels of stability across time, as assessed by the interquartile ranges of all results and as assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Four MOCR measurements appeared to be adequate to obtain a reliable baseline measurement. Individualized time-frequency analyses were also important for obtaining reliable measurements. However, several subjects showed stable baseline measurements but unusual patterns of variability at subsequent sessions. These changes did not appear to be the result of changes in auditory status, methodological issues, or equipment issues. No significant relationship was found between MOCR strength and speech perception in noise. Results suggest that MOCR measurements are stable in most subjects when using careful measurement and analysis methods, but that further work is needed to better characterize changes in MOCR and to validate the current methodology in a larger number of subjects.
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Viger, Albert. "Considérations sur les maladies générales thèse pour le doctorat en médecine présentée et soutenue le 17 juin 1867 /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1867x120.
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Gagnard-Landra, Corine. "Les potentiels évoqués somesthésiques par stimulation dermatomale : étude sur de sujets normaux et applications à la pathologie." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T024.
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Beyers, Hendrik Philippus. "The effect of haloxyfop-R-methyl ester and imazamox herbicides, tine or no tillage and nine different medic cultivars on the seed and dry matter production as well as the quality of medic pastures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52517.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a grass herbicide, a broadleaf herbicide with some grass control capabilities, method of tillage (tine and no-tillage) at planting of wheat as well as different medic cultivars on the regeneration, dry matter (OM) production and quality of a medic pasture. The trial was conducted at Langgewens experimental farm in the Swartland wheat producing area. Nine medic cultivars of three different species were evaluated after being sprayed with either haloxyfop-R-methyl (HAL) ester or imazamox (IMI) and subjected to either a tine tillage or a no tillage treatment at planting of wheat. Soil samples were taken during January 2000 to determine the size of the medic and weed seedbank as well as the degree of dormancy in the medic seeds, while OM samples were taken throughout the growing season to determine the OM production of the different medic cultivars and weed species. OM samples taken during October 1998 on the same pasture, were used to determine the crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NOF) content of the pasture. The samples were subjected to in vitro digestion and the digestibility of pasture CP (OCP), NOF(ONOF) and DM (DOM)were determined. Results showed that seedling establishment differed between cultivars used, herbicide treatments applied as well as the crop stage in the rotation. The cultivars produced more seedlings where IMI was applied compared to HAL as well as where the area consisted of two year pasture compared to one year pasture (1998) and one year wheat (1999). After a year of pasture and a year of wheat, cultivars Sephi and Paraggio produced the most seedlings, while Caliph and Orion produced the least. Caliph however, showed a very high degree of seed dormancy while Orion's low seedling establishment was due to its sensitivity to the IMI herbicide used. Little difference was found between the nine cultivars early in the season (July - August) with regard to cumulative OM production, except for Orion, whose growth was severely damaged by the IMI treatment. At the end of the growing season (October), the cultivar Caliph's cumulative OM production (2010.1 kg/ha) was significantly higher than all the other cultivars, except for Parabinga (1053. 4 kg/ha). Oifferent pasture samples, of which the botanical composition was known, was analysed for CP, NOF, OOM, OCP and ONOF. There was no significant difference in pasture composition during 1998 but variation in the pasture composition did however cause the IMI treatment, compared to the HAL treatment, to have a lower ONOFand OOMcontent. A modelling procedure was used to predict the pasture quality parameters (CP, NOF, OOM,OCP and ONOF) from the pasture composition (medic hay, medic pods, grassy and broadleaf weeds). This prediction of CP, NOF, OOM, ONOF and OCP from the pasture components had a relative low accuracy (49 -74.1 %) and a further refinement of this model for possible use on farms in order to improve grazing management and animal production is advised. In conclusion it could be said that broadleaf weed control caused a definite increase in medic seed and OMproduction, but Orion should not be used with an IMI herbicide. All the cultivars, except for Orion, produced enough seedlings up to the second year to ensure sustainability of the medic pasture. All the cultivars, except for Orion, produced a sufficient amount of OM early in the growing season. Caliph however, produced by far the most OM later in the growing season. A reduction of broadleaf weeds and medic pods will increase the digestibility of NOFand OMand therefore increase the quality of the pasture. Pods however are an important part of summer forage and the aim should therefore rather be to reduce the number of broadleaf weeds in the pasture.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van 'n gras en breëblaar onkruiddoder (wat sekere grasse beheer), metode van bewerking tydens die saai van koring asook nege verskillende medic kultivars op die regenerasie, droë materiaal produksie en kwaliteit van medic weidings te bepaal. Die proef is gedoen op Langgewens proefplaas wat geleë is in die Swartland koring produserende gebied. Nege medic kultivars is geëvalueer nadat die weiding met of haloxyfop-R-metiel ester (HAL) of imazamox (IMI) onkruiddoders gespuit is en onderwerp is aan of 'n vlak tand of geen bewerking tydens die saai van koring. Grondmonsters is geneem in Januarie 2000 om die grootte van die medic en onkruid saadbank asook om die graad van dormansie in die verskillende medic kultivars se sade te bepaal. Droë materiaal monsters is gedurende die 2000 groeiseisoen geneem om die droë materiaal produksie van die verskillende medic kultivars asook onkruid spesies te bepaal. Droë materiaal monsters is gedurende Oktober 1998 geneem en gebruik om die ruproteïn (CP) en neutraaloplosbare vesel (NDF) inhoud van die weiding te bepaal. Die monsters is in vitro verteer en die verteerbaarheid van CP (OCP), NDF (ONOF) en droë materiaal (DOM) is bepaal. Resultate wys dat saailing vestiging verskil tussen die verskillende kultivars wat gebruik is, verskillende onkruiddoder behandelings asook die stadium van die weidings/koring. Die kultivars het meer geproduseer waar die weiding met IMI behandel is in vergelyking met waar HAL toegedien is, asook waar koring nog nie gesaai is nie. Na 'n jaar van weiding en 'n jaar van koring, het die kultivars Sephi en Paraggio die meeste saailinge, en Caliph en Orion die minste saailinge gehad. Caliph het egter 'n hoë graad van dormansie in sy saad getoon, terwyl die swak vestiging van Orion die gevolg is van die kultivar se hoë sensitiwiteit teenoor IMI. Min verskil is gevind tussen die nege kultivars, vroeg in die groei seisoen (Julie - Augustus), wat kumulatiewe droë materiaal produksie betref, behalwe vir Orion wat erg beskadig is deur die IMI behandeling. Aan die einde van die groeiseisoen (Oktober 2000) was die kumulatiewe droë materiaal produksie van die kultivar Caliph (2010.1 kg/ha) betekenisvol hoër as al die ander kultivars behalwe vir Parabinga (1053.4 kg/ha). Weidingsmonsters, waarvan die botaniese samestelling bekend was, is ontleed vir CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF. Daar is geen betekenisvolle verskille gevind in die botaniese samestelling van die weidingmonsters geneem in 1998 nie,maar die variasie in botaniese samestelling het veroorsaak dat IMI in vergelyking met HAL 'n laer DNDF and DDM inhoud het. 'n Model is opgestel wat die weidingskomponente (medic hooi, medic peule, gras en breëblaar onkruide) gebruik om die kwaliteits parameters (CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF) van die weiding te skat. Hierdie skatting van CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF deur van die weidingskomponente gebruik te maak het 'n relatiewe lae akuraatheid gehad (49 -74.1 %) en verdere verfyning van hierdie model vir moontlike gebruik op plase, ten einde weidings bestuur en diere produksie te verbeter, word voorgestel. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word dat breëblaar onkruidbeheer 'n definitiewe verbetering in die medic saailing en droë materiaal produksie van die medies te weeg gebring het, maar die kultivar Orion behoort nie saam met 'n IMI gebruik te word nie. AI die getoetste kultivars, behalwe Orion, het voldoende saad oorlewing vertoon tot en met die tweede jaar van die rotasie om lewensvatbaarheid van die sisteem te verseker en alle kultivars, behalwe Orion, het voldoende droë materiaal produseer vroeg in die groeiseisoen. Caliph het egter laat in die groeiseisoen by verre die meeste droë materiaal geproduseer. 'n Vermindering in die hoeveelheid breëblaar onkruide en peule in die weiding sal tot 'n verhoging in die verteerbaarheid van NDF en DM lei en dus 'n verhoging in die kwaliteit van die weiding tot gevolg hê. Peule is egter 'n belangrike bron van voedsel aan weidende diere gedurende droë somermaande en die verbetering van weidings moet eerder gedoen word deur te poog om breëblaar onkruide te beheer.
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Louis, Pierre Charles Alexandre. "Réflexions sur différents points de physiologie et de pathologie thèse présentée et soutenue à la Faculté de médecine de Paris le 18 juin 1813 /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1813x069.
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Hall, Courtney D., Samuel C. Karpen, Brian Odle, Peter C. Panus, and Zachary F. Walls. "Development and Evaluation of the Medication-Based Index of Physical Function (MedIP)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2706.
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Background: The development of an objective and comprehensive drug-based index of physical function for older adults has the potential to more accurately predict fall risk.
Design: the index was developed using 862 adults (ages 57–85) from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) Wave 1 study. The index was evaluated in 70 adults (ages 51–88) from a rehabilitation study of dizziness and balance.
Methods: The prevalence among 601 drugs for 1,694 side effects was used with fall history to determine the magnitude of each side effect's contribution towards physical function. This information was used to calculate a Medication-based Index of Physical function (MedIP) score for each individual based on his or her medication profile. The MedIP was compared to the timed up and go (TUG) test as well as drug counts using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The associations between various indices of physical function and MedIP were calculated.
Results: Within the NSHAP data set, the MedIP was better than drug counts or TUG at predicting falls based on ROC analysis. Using scores above and below the cutpoint, the MedIP was a significant predictor of falls (OR = 2.61 [95% CI 1.83, 3.64]; P < 0.001). Using an external data set, it was shown that the MedIP was significantly correlated with fall number (P = 0.044), composite physical function (P = 0.026) and preferred gait speed (P = 0.043).
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Lisfranc, Jacques. "Quelques propositions de pathologie, précédées de recherches, réflexions et observations thèse présentée et soutenue à la Faculté de médecine de Paris le 26 août 1813 /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1813x135.
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Pales, Léon. "État actuel de la paléopathologie : Contribution à l'étude de la pathologie comparative thèse pour le doctorat en médecine présentée et soutenue publiquement le samedi 21 décembre 1929 /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?91138.
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Daremberg, Charles. "Exposition des connaissances de Galien sur l'anatomie, la physiologie et la pathologie du système nerveux thèse pour le doctorat en médecine présentée et soutenue le 20 août 1841 [à la Faculté de médecine de Paris] /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1841x222.
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Avelino, Rodrigo Rezende Gomes. "Influencia da redução medicamentosa da pressão intra-ocular na medida da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina de olhos hipertensos e glaucomatosos pela polarimetria de varredura a laser." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312262.
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Orientador: Vital Paulino CostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da redução da pressão intra-ocular (PIO) obtido com o uso de terapia medicamentosa na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina medida pela Polarimetria de Varredura a Laser (PVL) em pacientes glaucomatosos ou hipertensos oculares. Métodos: Trinta e sete olhos de 37 pacientes foram prospectivamente incluídos no estudo e avaliados com a PVL sem uso de medicação ocular hipotensora e num período entre 15 e 30 dias após a instituição de medicação ocular hipotensora, que resultou em redução da PIO de pelo menos 25%. Os parâmetros medidos pela PVL antes e após a redução da PIO foram comparados com o teste t de Student pareado. Resultados: A PIO média dos 37 pacientes diminuiu significativamente de 26,57 ± 4,23 mmHg para 16,54 ± 2,92 mmHg (p<0,05) após terapia medicamentosa. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores dos 10 parâmetros do PVL medidos antes e após a administração de medicação ocular hipotensora (p>0,05). Conclusão: A redução da PIO com o uso de medicação ocular hipotensora não altera a medida da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina pela PVL em pacientes com glaucoma ou hipertensão ocular
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness as measured by scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) after the use of medication to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous or ocular hypertensive patients. Methods: The authors prospectively enrolled 37 eyes of 37 patients in whom IOP was reduced by more than 25% after the use of medication. The images were obtained before and 15 to 30 days after the introduction of medication. The SLP parameters measured before and after the use of medication were compared using paired Student¿s t Test. Results: The mean IOP was significantly reduced from 26.57 ± 4.23 mmHg to 16.54 ± 2.92 mmHg after the use of medication (p<0.05). None of the 10 SLP analyzed parameters was significantly affected by the reduction of IOP with medication (p>0.05). Conclusion: The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, as measured by SLP, is not affected by the reduction of IOP with medication in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Mestrado
Oftalmologia
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Brinzer, Robert Adolf. "Drosophila, metabolomics and insecticide action." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7072/.
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The growing problem of insecticide resistance is jeopardising current pest control strategies and current insecticide development pipelines are failing to provide new alternatives quickly enough. Metabolomics offers a potential solution to the bottleneck in insecticide target discovery. As a proof of concept, metabolomics data for permethrin exposed Drosophila melanogaster was analysed and interpreted. Changes in the metabolism of amino acids, glycogen, glycolysis, energy, nitrogen, NAD+, purine, pyrimidine, lipids and carnitine were observed along with markers for acidosis, ammonia stress, oxidative stress and detoxification responses. Many of the changed metabolites and pathways had never been linked to permethrin exposure before. A model for the interaction of the observed changes in metabolites was proposed. From the metabolic pathways with the largest changes, candidate genes from tryptophan catabolism were selected to determine if the perturbed pathways had an effect on survival when exposed to permethrin. Using QPCR it was found that all genes in the entire pathway were downregulated by permethrin exposure with the exception of vermilion suggesting an active response to try and limit flux through tryptophan catabolism during permethrin exposure. Knockdown of the tryptophan catabolising genes vermilion, cinnabar and CG6950 in Drosophila using whole fly RNAi resulted in changes in susceptibility to permethrin for both topical and oral routes of exposure. Knockdown of the candidate genes also caused changes in susceptibility when the insecticides fenvalerate, DDT, chlorpyriphos and hydramethylnon were orally administered. These results show that tryptophan catabolism knockdown has an effect on surviving insecticides with a broad range in mode of action. Symptoms that occur in Drosophila during exposure to the different insecticides were also noted. To gain further understanding into the mechanisms affecting survival, tissue specific knockdown was performed revealing tissue and gender specific changes in survival when vermilion, cinnabar and CG6950 are knocked down. Metabolomics was performed on the knockdown strains to determine the efficacy of the knockdowns on tryptophan catabolism and to identify any knock-on effects. The results indicate that tryptophan metabolite induced perturbations to energy metabolism and glycosylation also occur in Drosophila along with apparent changes in the absorption of ectometabolites. As the knockdown of vermilion, cinnabar and CG6950 tended to result in reduced susceptibility to insecticides, they would make poor targets for insecticidal compounds, however, they may be the first examples of genes that are not directly involved in insecticide metabolism or cuticle synthesis that increase insecticide tolerance in Drosophila. As the first metabolomics data set showed evidence for oxidative stress during permethrin exposure, preliminary work was begun for identifying the tissue specificity and timing of oxidative stress in both Dipterans and Lepidopterans using Drosophila and Bombyx mori as models. In Drosophila oxidative stress did not begin immediately suggesting that the insecticide itself is not a cause, however, a rapid increase in oxidative stress occured over a six hour period after a day of oral exposure implicating catabolites of permethrin. Bombyx were highly susceptible to permethrin showing oxidative stress in the Malpighian tubule and silk gland when exposed. This study has shown that metabolomics is highly effective at identifying pathways which modulate survival to insecticide exposure. It has also brought insight into how insecticide induced pathology may cause death. Data has also been generated which could help characterize the putative transaminase CG6950.
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Roll, Shawn C. "Relationship of Ultrasonographic Physiologic Changes to Personal Factors and Psychosocial Stressors in the Development and Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305654432.
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Martins, Vanessa de Oliveira. "Variação da fluência da fala em falantes do português brasileiro: quatro estudos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-23102007-145204/.
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A fluência de fala varia de indivíduo para indivíduo, fluente ou gago, dependendo de diversos fatores. O objetivo desta Tese foi verificar a variação da fluência da fala em falantes do Português Brasileiro. Participaram deste estudo 594 indivíduos fluentes, 336 do gênero feminino e 258 do gênero masculino com idades entre 2:0 e 99:11 anos, residentes na cidade de São Paulo. As variáveis da fluência analisadas foram: tipologia das rupturas, velocidade de fala e porcentagem de descontinuidade de fala. Esta Tese foi dividida em quatro estudos. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo verificar o perfil evolutivo da fluência da fala. De acordo com os resultados o padrão de rupturas de fala não sofre grande variabilidade entre os grupos etários, enquanto que a velocidade de fala varia ao longo das fases da vida, podendo indicar aquisição, desenvolvimento, estabilização e degeneração. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a variação da fluência segundo o gênero e as fases da adolescência (adolescência inicial - 12 a 14 anos; e adolescência final - 5 a 17 anos). Os gêneros não se diferenciam para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, enquanto que as fases da adolescência se diferenciam quanto a todas as variáveis. Ocorre uma diminuição nas rupturas de fala e um aumento na velocidade de fala com o aumento da idade. O terceiro estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência do gênero e do nível de escolaridade (fundamental, médio e superior) na fluência da fala de adultos. De acordo com os resultados o gênero e o nível de escolaridade não são fatores determinantes para a fluência da fala em adultos fluentes. Observa-se variação isolada para interjeição, revisão e prolongamento. Os indivíduos de Nível Superior apresentam menos interjeições e revisões e mais prolongamentos. O quarto estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as especificidades do Perfil da Fluência dos idosos em relação a todos os parâmetros avaliados. Os idosos foram comparados quanto às décadas de vida e pelo agrupamento em idosos e idosos com mais de 80 anos. De acordo com os resultados observa-se um aumento estatisticamente significativo nas taxas de ruptura e uma diminuição na velocidade de fala para os idosos com mais de 80 anos. De maneira geral percebe-se que o fator determinante na fluência da fala é a idade, principalmente quanto à velocidade de fala. O gênero e o nível de escolaridade parecem irrelevantes.Speech fluency varies from one individual to the next, fluent or stutterer, depending on several factors. The purpose of the present Thesis was to verify variations in speech fluency of Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Participants of this study were 594 fluent individuals, 336 female and 258 male, with ages between 2:0 and 99:11 years, residents in the city of São Paulo. The analyzed fluency variables were: typology of speech disruption, speech rate and percentage of speech discontinuity. This Thesis was divided in four studies. The first study had as a purpose to verify the development profile of speech fluency. According to the results, the speech typology pattern does not present great variability in the different age groups. Speech rate, however, varies along the stages of life suggesting a pattern of acquisition, development, stabilization and deterioration. The second study had as a purpose to investigate fluency variations according to gender and phases of adolescence (early adolescence - 12 to 14 years; and late adolescence - 15 to 17 years). Fluency variables did not present variations according to gender, but did present differences - all variables - regarding the phases of adolescence. A decrease in speech disruptions is observed as well as an increase in speech rate with the increase in age. The third study has as a purpose to verify the influence of gender and literacy (fundamental, average and higher education) in the speech fluency of adults. According to the results, gender and literacy are not determinant factors for the speech fluency of fluent adults. An isolated variation is observed for interjection, revision and prolongation. Individuals with higher education present fewer interjections and revisions, and more prolongations. The fourth study had as a purpose to verify the Fluency Profile of elderlies regarding all of the assessed parameters. Elderlies were compared between themselves regarding the decades of life and by the division elderlies and elderlies with more than 80 years of age. According to the results, a statistically significant increase in speech disruptions is observed as well as a decrease in speech rate for elderlies more than 80 years old. Overall, age seems to be a determinant factor for speech fluency, especially in terms of speech rate. Gender and literacy seem to be irrelevant.
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Fraga, Laura Fregonassi Ribeiro. "Exame microscópico do cório placentário para o diagnóstico rápido de infecção amniótica." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5889.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-30A infecção amniótica e a corioamnionite (CAM) são determinantes de infecções materna e perinatal, parturição e nascimento pretermo e morbi-mortalidade pós-natal. Embora métodos clínicos, histopatológicos, microbiológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares possam diagnosticar CAM, nenhum logrou amplo emprego, permanecendo muitos casos clínica e epidemiologicamente ocultos. O presente estudo analisa o exame do cório placentário (EECP) proposto por Blanc (1953) para o diagnóstico de CAM a tempo de orientar o manejo da puérpera e do neonato sob risco. Objetivo. Determinar o valor e a reprodutibilidade do EECP em comparação com a histopatologia convencional (HP). Material e métodos. Dentre as placentas examinadas entre 2008 e 2012, em dois laboratórios de Vitória, ES, um público (HUCAM) e um privado (PAT), foram selecionadas 1626, incluindo: uma amostra de corte transversal (HCT, n: 108) e duas séries consecutivas examinadas por suspeita neonatal de CAM (HIB, n: 193) e por variadas indicações obstétricas (PIV, n: 1325). O EECP foi realizado no puerpério imediato (HIB e HCT) ou como primeira etapa da HP (PIV). Os casos foram categorizados por procedência, idade gestacional, desfecho perinatal, método de exame, estágio e grau da CAM e foram calculados índices de valor diagnóstico e concordância entre os dois métodos (EECP e HP). Resultados. CAM por HP foi observada em 12,8% dos casos (HCT: 31,5% e PIV: 11,3%) dos quais 2,4% com resposta inflamatória fetal; CAM pelo EECP foi observada em 14,2% (HCT: 41,7%, HIB: 31,1% e PIV: 9,1%). O EECP revelou-se exequível e rápido, com sensibilidade 50,0%, especificidade 93,7%, valores preditivos positivo 53,8% e negativo 92,7% e razões de verossimilhança positiva 7,9 e negativa 0,53. Concordância entre EECP e HP foi observada em 88,8%, diagnóstico apenas pelo EECP em 5,7% e apenas pela HP em 5,5% (kappa: 0,45). Conclusão. O EECP pode ser empregado para o diagnóstico rápido de CAM. Trata-se de método exequível, que tem bons índices de valor diagnóstico e pode ser útil para orientar a conduta no puerpério e período neonatal imediatos
Amniotic infection and chorioamnionitis (CAM) are determining factors of maternal and perinatal infections, preterm births and postnatal mortality and morbidity. As none of clinical, microbiological, biochemical, molecular and histopathological proposed methods for CAM diagnosis has achieved broad and routine employment, many cases remain clinical and epidemiologically occult. After Blanc s proposal (1959), this study analysis the placental chorionic sampling and microscopical examination (EECP) at early postpartum period to CAM diagnosis in order to help a timely clinical decision to treat the risk mother and newborn infant. Objectives. To establish the diagnostic value and the reproducibility of EECP compared to conventional histopathology (HP) CAM diagnosis. Material e Methods. Out from all placentas examined between 2008 and 2012, in two Pathology laboratories at Vitória City, southwestern Brazil, one public (HUCAM) and one private (PAT), 1626 were selected including: a cross-sectional sampling (HCT, n: 108) and two consecutive cases series examined after neonatal clinical infection suspicion (HIB, n: 193) and varied others obstetrical indications (PIV, n: 1325). The EECP was done at immediate postpartum period (HIB and HCT) or as the first step of HP examination (PIV). The cases were categorized by study groups, gestational age, perinatal outcome, method of examination, CAM stage and grade, and the statistic indexes of agreement and diagnostic value between the two methods (EECP and HP) were calculated. Results. In overall cases, CAM diagnosis by HP were observed in 12.8% (HCT: 31.5% e PIV: 11.3%) from which 2.4% with a fetal inflammatory response; CAM diagnosis by EECP were observed in 14.2% (HCT: 41.7%, HIB: 31.1% e PIV: 9.1%). The EECP revealed itself to be a fast and easy to perform method, with 50.0% sensitivity, 93.7% specificity, 53.8 predictive positive and 92.7% predictive negative values, and 7.9 likelihood positive and 0.53 likelihood negative ratios. Agreement between EECP and HP were observed in 88.8%, CAM diagnosis only by EECP in 5.7% and only by HP in 5.5% (kappa: 0,45). Conclusion. The EECP method could be an important contribution to fast CAM diagnosis. It is easy to perform, with significant statistic indexes of diagnosis value and can be helpful to guide the clinical decision at early postpartum period
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Castro, Marcia Mathias de. "Descrição da estimulabilidade e da consistência de fala em crianças com transtorno fonológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-09122009-165521/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o desempenho de crianças com e sem Transtorno Fonológico em medidas de gravidade, inconsistência de fala, consistência de erros de fala e estimulabilidade. Foram avaliadas 130 crianças falantes do Português Brasileiro, de ambos os gêneros, e idades entre 5:0 e 10:10 anos, sendo 55 com transtorno fonológico e 75 sem alterações fonológicas. A maioria das crianças com transtorno fonológico foi estimulável aos sons ausentes do inventário fonético demonstrando dificuldade em aplicá-los às situações comunicativas. Foram confirmados os efeitos de idade e gênero e determinados quatro valores de corte para a inconsistência de fala. A inconsistência de fala mostrou-se eficaz para avaliar a programação fonológica, e a estimulabilidade a produção motora. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que a programação fonológica se aprimora a cada ano de vida da criança e ocorre de forma diversa entre os gêneros. Já a produção motora da fala demonstrou semelhança no desempenho de meninos e meninas. As duas medidas estudadas mostraram-se eficazes para diferenciar crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico, bem como contribuíram para a identificação das dificuldades das crianças evidenciando serem complementares e essenciais para detectarem marcadores diagnósticos do transtorno fonológico.The aim of this study was to describe the performance of children with and without Phonological Disorder in severity, speech inconsistency, speech errors consistency and stimulability measures. There were evaluated 130 subjects of both genders and ages between 5:0 and 10:10 years, 55 with phonological disorder and 75 without phonological alterations. Most of children with phonological disorder were stimulable for absent sounds of phonetic inventory showing difficulties in applying them to communicative situations. It was confirmed gender and age effects and established four cut-off values for speech inconsistency. Speech inconsistency was efficient to evaluate phonological programming and stimulability the motor production. Results suggested that the phonological programming is refined each year of life of children and occur differently between genders. The motor speech production showed similarity between boys and girls. The two measures studied were effective in differentiating children eith and eithout phonological disorders as well as contributing to the identification of difficulties of children showing that they are complementary and essential to detect diagnostic markers of phonological disorders.
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Langlet, Fanny. "Etude de l'interface sang-noyau arqué hypothalamique au cours d'un déséquilibre énergétique : plasticité de l'éminence médiane et impact sur la régulation de la prise alimentaire." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965922.
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L'hypothalamus médiobasal contient de nombreux noyaux régulant l'homéostasie énergétique en réponse aux variations des signaux métaboliques périphériques, telles que les nutriments et les hormones, l'informant de l'état énergétique de l'individu. Parmi ces noyaux, le noyau arqué hypothalamique (NA) est considéré comme le noyau clé de la régulation de la prise alimentaire. En effet, il est capable de recevoir et d'intégrer les informations métaboliques périphériques, pour ensuite les relayer vers les autres noyaux hypothalamiques régulant la prise alimentaire. Dans ce contexte, l'accès des molécules périphériques au NA est une étape importante dans la régulation de la prise alimentaire. L'organisation des interfaces sang/cerveau à ce niveau est d'ailleurs très particulière, suggérant une régulation spécifique de l'accès des molécules périphériques vers le NA. En effet, deux types de vaisseaux sont retrouvés dans cette région cérébrale : 1- les vaisseaux de la barrière hématoencéphalique (BHE) dans le NA et 2- les vaisseaux fenêtrés dans l'éminence médiane (EM), un organe circumventriculaire (OCV) adjacent au NA. Alors que les vaisseaux de la BHE présentent des propriétés de barrière et régulent les échanges sang/NA, les vaisseaux de l'EM possèdent de nombreuses fenestrations facilitant les échanges sang/EM. Ces deux types de vaisseaux ont la particularité d'être contactés par des cellules épendymaires hautement spécialisées formant le bas du 3ème ventricule. Ces cellules, appelées " tanycytes ", expriment des protéines de jonctions serrées suggérant leur participation à la régulation des échanges sang/cerveau dans cette région cérébrale. En effet, des études menées au sein du laboratoire ont montré que les tanycytes de l'EM, contactant les vaisseaux fenêtrés, expriment des protéines de jonctions serrées (JS) organisées en ceinture continue autour de leur pôle apical. Ces JS créent ainsi un épendyme étanche qui limite les échanges EM/LCR. A l'inverse, les tanycytes du NA, contactant les vaisseaux de la BHE, expriment des protéines de JS non organisées en leur pôle apical. L'épendyme du NA est ainsi perméable et favorise les échanges LCR/NA. Le but de mon travail de thèse a donc été de comprendre, en prenant en compte tous ces éléments -c'est-à-dire la présence de vaisseaux fenêtrés, de vaisseaux de la BHE et des tanycytes -, comment est organisé l'accès des signaux métaboliques périphériques vers le NA et si cet accès pouvait être modulé afin de contrôler l'homéostasie énergétique. Nos expériences ont montré que, chez la souris mâle adulte, une glucopénie induite par le jeûne ou par le 2-desoxyglucose induisait une réorganisation structurale des vaisseaux et de l'épendyme au niveau de l'EM et du NA, modifiant ainsi les échanges sang/cerveau. En effet, chez ces souris, nous avons observé une augmentation du nombre de vaisseaux fenêtrés au niveau de l'EM et du NA, ainsi qu'une réorganisation fonctionnelle des protéines de JS au niveau du ventricule : les tanycytes du NA, contactant des vaisseaux fenêtrés à présent, réorganisent leurs protéines de jonctions serrées (JS) afin d'assurer l'homéostasie cérébrale. Ces réorganisations induisent alors un meilleur accès des molécules périphériques vers le NA. De plus, nos résultats ont montré que cette plasticité est induite par le VEGF-A, produit localement par les tanycytes. En effet, la neutralisation du VEGF-A bloque la plasticité de l'EM/NA induite par l'hypoglycémie et perturbent la réponse physiologique hyperphagique lors de la réalimentation. Enfin, nos données supplémentaires indiquent que cette plasticité de l'EM/NA est conservée dans différents modèles alimentaires et se produit également au cours de la journée, suggérant son implication dans le contrôle circadien du comportement alimentaire.
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Schaphauser, Pedro Esber. "Instrumentação utilizando fibra ótica para análise de andadura equina." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2894.
Full textAbstract:
CAPESO presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma nova técnica de instrumentação para estudo dos diferentes tipos de andaduras realizadas por equinos, utilizando sistemas baseados na tecnologia de sensoriamento ótico quase-distribuído, redes de Bragg em fibra ótica-FBG. Essa técnica poderá ser usada como ferramenta auxiliar de diagnóstico precoce de lesões relacionadas ao sistema locomotor do cavalo, principalmente na porção distal do dígito, uma das causas mais comuns de aposentadoria destes quando atletas. São apresentadas, portanto, duas técnicas de instrumentação in vivo: a primeira t´técnica consiste na fixação de FBGs sem encapsulamento, diretamente na parede dorsal do casco em cada um dos membros de três cavalos atletas em treinamento; a segunda técnica apresentada ´e o desenvolvimento de um protótipo sensor com formato de ferradura encapsulado em material compósito reforçado com fibra de carbono, este método foi utilizado na instrumentação de dois equinos também em fase de treinamento. O primeiro método permite avaliar o comportamento do casco em diferentes fases da passada, durante as andaduras passo e trote. A segunda técnica, com o elemento sensor encapsulado, permite avaliar diferentes tipos de andadura, como passo, trote e galope sob condições de treinamento. Estas duas técnicas de instrumentação, utilizando sensores FBGs, se mostram promissoras para o estudo clínico e biomecânico de equinos, em avaliações m´médicas ou até mesmo durante treinamentos ou competições.
The main goal of this paper is to study the viability of the application of the system based on the optic sensing almost distribute (Fiber Bragg Gratings-FBG) technology, to study different kinds of equine gaits and how it is a possible helpful tool to early diagnose of injuries related to the locomotor system of the horse, mainly the distal part of the digit, which is one of the most common reasons for retire of athlete horses. Two different technics are presented in vivo: The first one consists in the attachment of the FBGs without encapsulation, directly on the wall of the hoof of each member of three athlete horses during training; the second technic presented, is the development of a prototype sensor with the same form of a horse shoe, encapsulated in a composite material reinforced with Carbon Fiber, this method was used in two horses during training as well. The first method allowed evaluate the behavior of the hoof in different phases of the horse gaits, such as walk and trot. The second technic, with the sensor element now encapsulated, allowed to evaluate different types of equine gaits, like walk, trot and run under training conditions. Both of the instrumentation using FGBs sensors technics were considered promising to clinical and biomechanics equine study in the medical evaluations or even during training or competition.
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Faria, Celso Murilo Nálio Matias de. "Avaliação de endoprótese nacional em traquéia de coelhos." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2011. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/144.
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-22Introduction: the utilization of endoprosthesis has its main indication in the neoplasic obstructions do not surgically treatable. The foreign industry dependence is one of the barriers we found for the broad utilization of such devices. The relevance of this research is the development of a national prosthesis from easy access and low cost. Objective: to assess the biocompatibility of nitinol endoprosthesis with polyurethane in the rabbits trachea. Material and Method: Seventeen rabbits were studied from the New Zealand breed (Oryctolagus Sylvilagus), eight male and five female, with an average weight of 3255g (from 2570 to 4270g). The endoprosthesis were applied orally through laringoscopy, under general anesthesia and released in the middle third of the trachea. Radiological study was made to assure the placement of the endoprosthesis that allowed to compare the index of migration of the endoprosthesis in millimeters. The proposed time segment was 30 days. The microscopic variables study was proceeded: dilatation, incorporation and granolomatous tissue and histological cuts from the tracheal and lungs segments for microscopic study. The histological study measured the inflammatory process, the parietal alterations and the kind of epithelium observed in the tracheal bed. Results: Thirteen animals were included in the final study. The average segment time was 26 days (15 to 35 days in observation). Six animals underwent a radiological study during euthanasia and it was demonstrated displacement with migration of the prosthesis for the distal trachea in five animals. There was absence in one. It was shown the prosthesis had a complete expansion in seven animals and partial expansion in six. The incorporation of prosthesis in the tracheal lumen was observed in two animals and adhered in eleven. Granulomatous tissue was present in ten animals and absent in three. The histological study of the mucosa and submucosa showed inflammatory process predominantly of Polymorphonuclear cells as in the contact region with the prosthesis as in the proximal. The depth of the inflammatory process in the tracheal wall was larger in the tracheal area in contact with the prosthesis. The alterations of the respiratory epithelium: the metaplasia parameter was the most frequent in the area without contact with the prosthesis. Corrosion and ulceration were predominant in the area in contact with the prosthesis. The metaplasia parameter was the most frequent in the area in contact with the prosthesis. Conclusion: the nitinol endoprosthesis auto-expandable covered with polyurethane, produced by Braile Biomédica and implanted in the trachea of rabbits was easy to apply and liberation in the tracheal lumen. The endoprosthesis recovered with polyurethane showed in radiographic assessment distal migration, good radial expandability and formation of granuloma tissue. It was also observed an inflammatory process predominantly acute and restricted to the superficial portions of the trachea. The most frequent epithelium alterations in contact with the prosthesis were ulceration and regenerative hyperplasia.
Introdução: a utilização de endoprótese tem a principal indicação nas obstruções neoplásicas e nas obstruções não tratáveis cirurgicamente. A dependência da indústria estrangeira é uma das barreiras para utilização ampla destes dispositivos. A relevância deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma prótese nacional de fácil acesso e baixo custo. Objetivo: avaliar endoprótese de nitinol revestida com poliuretano, na traqueia de coelhos. Material e Método: foram estudados 17 coelhos, da raça Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). Oito machos e nove fêmeas, com peso médio de 3522g (de 2570 a 4270g). As endopróteses foram aplicadas via oral, por meio de laringoscopia, sob anestesia geral, e liberadas no terço médio das traqueias. Realizou-se estudo radiológico para assegurar a posição da endoprótese que permitiu comparar o índice de migração da endoprótese em milímetros. O tempo proposto de seguimento foi de 30 dias. Procedeu-se ao estudo das variáveis macroscópicas: dilatação, incorporação e tecido de granulação e cortes histológicos dos segmentos traqueais e pulmonares para estudo microscópico. O estudo histológico mensurou o processo inflamatório, as alterações parietais e o tipo de epitélio observado no leito traqueal. Resultados: 13 animais foram incluídos no estudo definitivo. O tempo médio de seguimento foi 26 (15 a 35) dias em observação. Em seis animais submetidos a estudo radiológico por ocasião da eutanásia, demonstrou-se deslocamento com migração da prótese para traqueia distal, em cinco; ausência de migração em um. Demonstrou-se que a prótese tinha expansão completa em sete animais e parcial em seis. A incorporação da prótese na luz traqueal foi observada em dois animais, e aderido em 11. Tecido de granulação esteve presente em dez animais e ausente em três. O estudo histológico da mucosa e submucosa demonstrou processo inflamatório com predomínio de polimorfonucleares tanto na região em contato com a prótese quanto na proximal. A profundidade do processo inflamatório na parede traqueal foi maior na área traqueal em contato com a prótese. Das alterações do eptélio respiratório, o parâmetro metaplasia foi o mais frequente na área sem contato com a prótese. Corrosão e ulceração predominaram na área em contato com a prótese. Conclusões: A escolha do coelho no desenho do presente estudo prejudicou o resultado. Trata-se de estudo pioneiro tanto na utilização de coelho para estudo de endoprótese, quanto no desenvolvimento de endoprótese metálica autoexpansível nacional. As dificuldades foram naturais deste pioneirismo, mas prejudicaram o resultado final. A endoprótese autoexpansível de nitinol recoberta de poliuretano, produzida pela Braile Biomédica Ltda, (Brasil) e implantada na traqueia de coelhos, demonstrou-se de fácil aplicação e liberação na luz traqueal. Apresentou elevada taxa de migração, boa expansibilidade radial. Verificou-se alta frequência na formação de tecido de granulação e baixa permeabilidade. Observou-se ainda processo inflamatório predominantemente agudo e restrito ás porções superficiais da traquéia. As alterações epiteliais mais freqüentes em contato com a prótese foram ulceração e hiperplasia regenerativa.
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Falez, Freddy. "Contribution à la validation d'instruments de mesure de la dépendance des personnes âgées." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210817.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé.Introduction.
Le premier chapitre de l’introduction expose les problèmes posés à la sécurité sociale par le vieillissement de la population et plus particulièrement par le développement de la dépendance des personnes âgées. Ces problèmes sont illustrés par l’évolution des dépenses en soins de santé pour les aides aux actes de la vie journalière en institutions d’hébergement des personnes âgées, et à domicile.
Le deuxième chapitre décrit les instruments d’évaluation qui sont étudiés dans la présente dissertation. En effet, en Belgique, le financement des soins à la dépendance est réalisé sur base d’une évaluation à l’aide d’une échelle de l’INAMI ;une allocation à la personne âgée peut être obtenue par les personnes âgées dont la dépendance est alors évaluée à l’aide de l’échelle de la prévoyance sociale que nous appellerons aussi APA. Nous les comparons à l’outil d’évaluation utilisé en France et dénommé AGGIR pour autonomie gérontologique, groupes iso-resources.
Méthodes et populations.
Méthodes.
Nous validons les trois instruments sur le plan du construit à l’aide la Classification Internationale du Fonctionnement (CIF) de l’OMS. La validité est évaluée de différentes manières :validité concurrentielle entre les trois instruments ;validité concomitante des trois instruments par comparaison aux temps de soins nécessaires par les méthodes de corrélation, leur capacité de discriminer des catégories de dépendance ;la fidélité des instruments est également étudiée.
Populations
Quatre enquêtes ont été réalisée :la première en institutions de personnes âgées, la seconde à domicile, la troisième à domicile et la quatrième en institutions de personnes âgées avec la collaboration de différents professionnels :infirmières soignantes, infirmiers conseils de mutualité et l’auteur de la dissertation.
Résultats.
La troisième partie de la dissertation expose les résultats démographiques et des tests de validation.
Discussion.
La quatrième partie évalue les résultats. L’échelle de l’INAMI est de conception ancienne pour son contenu. Sa validité est suffisante pour étudier les charges en soins de populations de patients mais insuffisantes pour l’évaluation des besoins individuels, car elle n’évalue pas les besoins pour les actes instrumentaux de la vie journalière.
L’échelle APA a une mauvaise validité de contenu ;sa validité de construit est la moins bonne des trois instruments étudiés. Sa fidélité est médiocre. Cette échelle est à déconseiller.
La grille AGGIR a une validité de contenu moderne et bonne, une bonne validité de construit et une bonne fidélité.
Conclusions.
Des trois instruments étudiés, la grille AGGIR est la plus performante et permet à la fois le financement des soins à des populations des patients et l’évaluation de critères d’éligibilité pour l’octroi d’avantages sociaux.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Oehmann, Alexander. "Digital lung pathology /." 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012984779&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Mokkapati, Sharada. "Role of the basement membrane proteins Nidogen-1 and -2 and Laminin-Nidogen interaction in physiology and pathology of skin /." 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018592054&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Zanssen, Stefanie. "Pathologie der Mitochondrien in Neurodegeneration und Karzinogenese /." 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016216567&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Wieben, Daniel. "Pathologie der persistierenden hyperinsulinämischen Hypoglykämie bei Erwachsenen mit diffuser Nesidioblastose." 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015432723&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Miersch-Berger, Eva Hausmann Ulrich Friedrich. "Studien zur Vorlesung über "Veterinär Pathologie" von Ulrich Friedrich Hausmann (ca. 1840) /." 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009572429&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Buzmann, Carsten Lohff Brigitte. "Der Pathologe Ernst Neumann und seine Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Degeneration und Regeneration peripherer Nerven nach Kontinuitätstrennung /." 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012987771&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Schirl, Gerdi. "Vergleich der MR-tomographischen Anatomie und Pathologie mit der klinischen Untersuchung bei der Bestimmung des brachytherapeutischen Zielvolumens des Zervixkarzinoms." 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015428135&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Bredahl, Juliane. "Vergleich von Ergebnissen der ärztlichen Leichenschau mit Ergebnissen der Obduktion : retrospektive Untersuchung am Obduktionsmaterial des Institutes für Pathologie Bad Saarow /." 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015057917&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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