Relevant bibliographies by topics / Media regulation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Media regulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Media regulation"

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Powe, Lucas A., Don R. Le Due, Patrick Parsons, Edward Donnerstein, and Richard F. Hixson. "Media Regulation." Communication Booknotes 18, no. 7-8 (July 1987): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10948008709488192.

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Silverstone, Roger. "Regulation, Media Literacy and Media Civics." Media, Culture & Society 26, no. 3 (May 2004): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443704042557.

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Papandrea, Franco. "Media Diversity and Cross‐Media Regulation." Prometheus 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109020600877675.

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Sunarto, Sunarto, Adi Nugroho, and Amida Yusriana. "DEVELOPING INTERNAL MEDIA REGULATION FOR LOCAL MEDIA BASED ON COMMUNITY." al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2020): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/al-balagh.v5i1.2169.

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A serving community is a strategic plan that needs to be considered by several local newspaper production in Java. This includes a newspaper in Semarang, Suara Merdeka Daily. This study determines the commitment of Suara Merdeka Daily in serving the community. Data were obtained from the analysis of internal regulatory content on editorial work and business. This study used Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to support and share data with the newspaper management team. The results showed that the editorial's internal regulations did not explicitly indicate the commitment to serve the community. This regulation has been implemented for a long time, yet it does not adjust to the relevant newspapers' actual conditions. Generally, businesses have rules that require community involvement in their programs. The management team is expected to revise the regulations to suit the public's needs and develop relevant community involvement for the local newspaper's existence.
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Ngangum, Peter Tiako. "Media Regulation in Cameroon." African Journalism Studies 40, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2020.1725777.

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O'Regan, Tom. "Introduction: Normalising Media Regulation?" Media International Australia 95, no. 1 (May 2000): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009500103.

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Digitisation, international agreements, converging services, proliferating platforms and the prospects of additional services are all affecting the conduct of media regulation worldwide, transforming the ways media regulation is considered and debated by scholars, activists and players alike. In these circumstances, the range of institutions concerned with media regulation has expanded. Important policy innovations are just as likely to be recommended by the Productivity Commission in its inquiry into broadcasting regulation or the High Court in its decision to count New Zealand content as Australian content as they are to be made by relevant departments and authorities with carriage for broadcasting regulation. These new circumstances, which can also be seen in the various European Union directives affecting national broadcasting systems in Europe, can be viewed as part of a wider challenge to normalise media regulation. While normalisation of the media industries is by no means assured, what has happened is that the cultures within which media regulation is discussed and debated are changing profoundly.
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Mehta, Arun. "Media Regulation in India." Media Asia 25, no. 2 (January 1998): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1998.11726555.

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Smith, Donald L., and Marc A. Franklin. "Media Policy and Regulation." Communication Booknotes 18, no. 9-10 (September 1987): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10948008709488199.

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Abramson, Bram Dov. "Media policy after regulation?" International Journal of Cultural Studies 4, no. 3 (September 2001): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136787790100400303.

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Hollick, Clive. "Media regulation and democracy." Index on Censorship 23, no. 4-5 (September 1994): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229408535735.

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Contrary to the general view, regulation can be the defender of free speech and the forces of the marketplace the chief threat to a plurality of view. But new technologies demand new forms of regulation and government intervention may be the best way of ensuring the plurality of voice on which democracy depends
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Media regulation"

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Simmons, Charlotte. "Children, media and regulation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13748.

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Each new medium of communication that has emerged over the past century and more has generated concern over its alleged negative effect on children. This concern has (in most cases) generated a moral panic, involving campaigning by moral guardians and office spokespeople, calls for greater regulation and subsequent response from the government or designated regulators. Based on continued inconclusive media effects research and debates over adults' and children's rights, regulation has become increasingly problematic. Such questions as how far you should restrict and protect children and how it may be possible to balance protection with rights, are complex and fraught with practical difficulties. These are the kind of questions that regulators have currently to consider. In addition, media convergence and internet technology threaten traditional regulatory structures. Such developments pose a further regulatory quandary. How are regulators attempting to tackle these issues? The thesis attempts to examine this question by exploring how regulators have responded to panics over children's media and whether their attempts have resulted in robust regulatory systems. The regulation systems analysed embrace advertising and obesity, internet chat-rooms and grooming, video games and violence and cinema regulation (the 12A classification). Case studies of these particular areas of current concern show how regulation has developed and how it works in practice, assess whether such regulation is effective and if not, recommends ways in which it could be improved.
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Banda, Fackson. "The complexities of media regulation." Pambazuka News, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/434/1/BandaF_complexities.pdf.

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This is a review of Article 19's publication entitled 'Broadcasting pluralism and diversity: training manual for African regulators'. It analyses the key issues raised in the manual, and problematises them in terms of media theory. It concludes that the Article 19 manual is a useful training resource, regardless of some of its theoretical and presentational shortcomings.
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Scaife, Laura. "The effective regulation of social media." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/65920/.

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This work is a summary essay in support of my PhD by published works. At its broadest level, my book The Handbook of Social Media and the Law, considers the array of overlapping and existing legislation that seeks to 'govern' social media platforms and social media users, analysing from both criminal and civil perspectives the laws that regulate the way in which stakeholders are able to interact with social media. In my book, I analyse the law doctrinally and offer a contemporary analysis of social media as an ever-shifting "lawscape", which continually presents regulatory challenges. Drawing on this this systematic doctrinal analysis, I have subsequently been able to consider from a theoretical and conceptual perspective the effectiveness of the regulation of social media, which has allowed me to offer an original analysis, which any future effective regulation in this area must acknowledge, namely that the regulation of social media will always retain an element of reactivity to technological development. In this summary, I therefore suggest that, as underpinned by my doctrinal analysis, a regulatory model must be devised that can grow with technology, that is alive to cultural sensitivities and the organisational constraints of both the regulator and regulated entities. In this summary, I therefore assert that truly responsive social media regulation would embrace and engage with the disruptive nature of the environment which it seeks to assist, rather than command.
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von, Krogh Torbjörn. "Understanding Media Accountability : Media Accountability in Relation to Media Criticism and Media Governance in Sweden 1940-2010." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16679.

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The concepts of media accountability, media criticism and media governance are analysed and discussed in a Swedish setting; how they relate to each other and interact. This is achieved by using various methods – a survey to editors, analy- ses of parliamentary debates, interviews, direct observation and document stu- dies – in studying different stakeholders, media representatives and governance conditions in Sweden during the last 70 years. The findings point in a direction of dynamic complexities with a central role for media criticism. The type, level and intensity of media criticism may affect the functioning of the media governance structure and is a vital part of the media accountability process. The media governance structure – which in addi- tion to media criticism is influenced by international conditions, technological developments and political factors – may in turn affect the media accountability process. In this process, media representatives aim to defend obtained positions of societal influence, achieve and maintain positive PR and enhance editorial quality at the same time. Media criticism may start a substantial media accountability process if the discontent is widespread and not countered by market approval or political iner- tia. The process is facilitated if the critique is connected to more than one frame of accountability and if stakeholders see opportunities for dual objectives. Very strong and widespread media criticism may be difficult for media organizations to neglect. The accountability process in Sweden has become less dependent on corpora- tive negotiations between organized interests and political assemblies. Instead, two other tendencies seem to have emerged: on the one hand a possibility for media organizations to favour such accountability processes that they are able to control, and on the other hand the rise of a rich variety of sometimes short-lived accountability instruments that may develop for specific occasions and are difficult to control.
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Henry, Julee A. "Increasing Self-Regulation Through the MyHomework Social Media Application." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492203809410856.

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Costache, Andreea Madalina. "De-regulation of european media policy (2000-2014) The debate on media governance and media pluralism in the EU." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284884.

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Esta tesis doctoral analiza el caso de la regulación del pluralismo de los medios de comunicación a nivel de las instituciones de la Unión Europea. El objetivo principal es examinar si hay una evolución en el cambio de políticas de medios de la UE desde la estricta regulación gubernamental a un enfoque de gobernanza suave con respecto a la protección del pluralismo desde el 2000 hasta el 2014. En la primera parte se desarrolla el marco teórico, basado en dos conceptos teóricos: el pluralismo de los medios y la gobernanza suave. En este sentido, este estudio argumenta que el pluralismo de los medios de comunicación se puede proteger mejor si la regulación gubernamental a nivel de los Estados Miembros se complementa con medidas de regulación suave en el ámbito de la UE, teniendo en cuenta las circunstancias de la limitación de competencias de la Comisión Europea. En la segunda parte se analizan las acciones de política de medios de comunicación a nivel de la UE. Aquí se hace una distinción entre las acciones políticas e iniciativas para la protección del pluralismo de los medios de comunicación avanzadas por las instituciones de la UE como el Parlamento Europeo, El Consejo de Europa, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y los de la Comisión Europea. Las iniciativas gubernamentales, estrategias y argumentos y la regulación suave hacia la protección del pluralismo de medios, procedentes de todos los actores de la política de medios se discuten. De este modo, se puede evaluar si la Comisión Europea se aleja más del tema del pluralismo de medios o cierra la brecha hacia las iniciativas de los Estados Miembros para complementar estas iniciativas con iniciativas de la regulación suave a nivel de la UE.
This PhD dissertation analyses the case of the regulation of media pluralism at the European Union’s institutions level. The main objective is to examine if there is an evolution on the EU media policy change from strict-government regulation to a soft-governance approach regarding the protection of pluralism from 2000 to 2014. In the first part the theoretical framework is developed, based on two theoretical concepts: media pluralism and soft-governance. In this regard, this study argues that media pluralism can be better protected if the statutory governance at national level of Member States is complemented with soft-regulatory measures at the EU level, considering the circumstances of the European Commission limitation of competences. In the second part are analyzed the media policy actions at the EU level. A distinction is made here between the policy actions and initiatives for the protection of media pluralism advanced by the EU institutions like European Parliament, the Council of Europe, civil society organizations and the ones of the European Commission. The hard-regulatory initiatives, strategies and arguments and soft-regulatory ones towards the protection of media pluralism, coming from all the media policy actors, are discussed. In this way, it can be assessed if the European Commission is distancing further more from the subject of media pluralism or is bridging the gap towards the initiatives of the Member States to complement these initiatives with soft-regulatory initiatives at the EU level.
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Iosifides, Petros. "Media concentration policy in the European Union and the public interest." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1996. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/948x9/media-concentration-policy-in-the-european-union-and-the-public-interest.

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Roberts, Brian K. "Regulation of the British mass media : a historical institutionalist account." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557843.

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This thesis is centrally concerned with the historical development and performance of two sectors which have together constituted the mainstay of the British mass media, namely terrestrial broadcasting and the printed press. It sets out to discover how and why two sectors born of the same national setting, and whose regulatory arrangements were formally constructed in historical perspective at roughly the same moment in time, have developed to be so different. It argues that part of the answer lies in an explanatory variable neglected by existing accounts of British media development, namely the institutional variable. Thus, whilst incorporating insights from leading accounts that view British media development from 'outside in'; as the product of external forces acting upon media institutions; this thesis constructs a complementary account of British media development which emphasises how and why Britain's foremost mass media have been heavily dependent on their prior institutional histories. For the purposes of concision, the thesis refers to this perspective as the view from 'inside out'. To make its case, the thesis applies concepts drawn from the historical institutionalist (HI) school of political science, such as historical timing and sequence, self-reinforcing positive feedback, institutional isomorphism, path dependence, windows of opportunity and critical junctures, exploring how and why the institutional structures of the British press and British broadcasting developed over time, and outlining why an HI perspective adds significant value to the current knowledge base. The thesis comes in three parts. In Part One, the respective performances of British broadcasting and the British press under formal regulation are analysed. In Part Two, the sectoral differences identified in Part One are explained, first by means of three leading narratives that perceive media development from 'outside in'; and secondly via a HI account which views development from 'inside out'. Finally, in Part Three, the thesis focuses upon the current state of play and longer term prospects of the institution of British public service broadcasting. There it considers whether, in light of current powerful external forces of change, a regulatory policy paradigm shift has occurred. Though it does not discount the propensity for change in the current climate, it argues that the path dependent nature of three recent significant policy developments shows that, even in the digital age, media institutions and their histories continue to matter.
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Chen, Xi. "The Dynamics of Chinese Media Practices and Regulation: Explanations and Interpretations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30035.

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Based on the understanding that a countryâ s media system can provide important insights into its politics, this dissertation reexamines the development of Chinese politics in the reform era through the media lens, and television in particular. Given that Chinese media have been a marker of the nationâ s socio-political developments, the media perspective is believed to be particularly useful in interpreting Chinaâ s changing political circumstances. By tracing the dynamics of television news reporting practices and government regulation of the news media, this analysis will map out the evolving roles of television in todayâ s China to use them as subtle indications of how Chinese politics are evolving in the reform era. Chinese television adopted a Soviet TASS style from its very beginnings due to the heavy Soviet influence that placed an emphasis on imparting a heavily ideological messages and propagating government policies and rules. This practice, however, has been substantially changed during the reform era. Television news reporting in todayâ s China is moving towards the liberal media style in both format and content. What specific changes have taken places in television industry? To what extent has Chinese media departed from the Soviet style? What are the implications of these media changes for Chinaâ s politics? To answer these questions, I conducted content analysis of the China Radio and Television Broadcasting Awards news reports and television regulations in the reform era, which revealed that Chinese media was developing towards a hybrid of Soviet and liberal models in which both control and liberalization trends can be identified. While encouraging and authorizing increased managerial, editorial, and programming freedom and autonomy, the Party-State has managed to retain its control over political content through increasingly indirect and sophisticated means. The continued marginalization of alternative political voices confirms that democracy with political pluralism, free flow of information and rule of law has not yet materialized after more than two decadesâ economic reform. By collaborating with market and technology, the Communist Party of China has actually managed to consolidate its control over both the political and economic power while authorizing increased freedom in individual, cultural, and social domains.
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Guan, Yunxiang. "WTO's impact on China's periodical media." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ59173.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Media regulation"

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Wahyuni, Hermin Indah. Regulasi media penyiaran =: Broadcasting media regulation. Yogyakarta: Fisipol UGM, 2008.

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Wahyuni, Hermin Indah. Regulasi media penyiaran =: Broadcasting media regulation. Yogyakarta: Fisipol UGM, 2008.

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Regulasi media penyiaran =: Broadcasting media regulation. Yogyakarta: Fisipol UGM, 2008.

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Wahyuni, Hermin Indah. Regulasi media penyiaran =: Broadcasting media regulation. Yogyakarta: Fisipol UGM, 2008.

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Creech, Kenneth. Electronic media law and regulation. 2nd ed. Boston: Focal Press, 1996.

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Mass media law and regulation. 6th ed. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press, 1994.

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Mass media law and regulation. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 1986.

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Electronic media law and regulation. 4th ed. Oxford: Focal Press, 2003.

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Creech, Kenneth. Electronic media law and regulation. 2nd ed. Boston: Focal Press, 1995.

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Mass media law and regulation. 5th ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Media regulation"

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Starks, Michael. "Cross-Media Regulation?" In The Digital Television Revolution, 158–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137273352_9.

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Bakir, Vian. "Media regulation and policy." In Media Studies, 250–302. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315690834-9.

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Kuhn, Raymond. "Regulation." In Politics and the Media in Britain, 114–44. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10728-2_5.

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Meikle, Graham, and Sherman Young. "Regulation, Policy and Convergent Media." In Media Convergence, 172–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-35670-2_9.

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Lacey, Nick. "Regulation and Censorship." In Media, Institutions and Audiences, 35–64. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-9046-4_3.

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Newman, Michael Z. "Policy and Regulation." In The Media Studies Toolkit, 135–58. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003007708-7.

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Psychogiopoulou, Evangelia, Anna Kandyla, and Dia Anagnostou. "Journalists’ Self-regulation in Greece." In Media Policies Revisited, 220–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137337849_16.

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Noam, Eli M. "Managing Law and Regulation." In Media and Digital Management, 201–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72000-5_8.

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Lefever, Katrien. "Content Regulation: General Introduction." In New Media and Sport, 211–23. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-873-6_13.

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Nenadić, Iva, and Marko Milosavljević. "Regulating Beyond Media to Protect Media Pluralism: The EU Media Policies as Seen Through the Lens of the Media Pluralism Monitor." In Digital and Social Media Regulation, 89–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66759-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Media regulation"

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Ray, Abhiroop Nandi, and Judhajit Sanyal. "Media Content Regulation using Crowdsourcing." In 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct45611.2019.9033562.

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Frederic, Stutzman, and Hartzog Woodrow. "Boundary regulation in social media." In the ACM 2012 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145320.

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Yu, Chen. "Media Self-regulation in Bulgaria." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-18.2018.169.

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Ferreira Santos, Gustavo. "Media and democracy: challenges and dilemmas of media regulation." In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy of the Internationale Vereinigunf für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws76_04.

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Shirokanova, Anna, and Olga Silyutina. "Internet Regulation Media Coverage in Russia." In WebSci '18: 10th ACM Conference on Web Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201102.

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Prapawong, Suparada. "Ethics and regulation for media in Thailand." In 2018 International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (ICDAMT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdamt.2018.8376501.

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Jung, Chang Won. "Media Discourse and Online Game Regulation. From the Perspective of Media Framing." In Annual International Conference on Journalism & Mass Communications (JMComm 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3710_jmcomm16.41.

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Pradhan, Tulishree. "Media Regulation: Why, How and to What End?" In Proceedings of the 10th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (RAIS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rais-18.2018.32.

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Prudyvus, Sofiia. "Peculiarities of youth lifestyle forming under the social media influence." In SOCIOLOGY – SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL WELFARE – REGULATION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS. NDSAN (MFC - coordinator of the NDSAN), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/sswswproceedings-2020.sp.

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Dwiana, Ressi, and Rehia K. Isabella Barus. "Cyber Bullying in Youth Generation and Social Media Regulation." In 1st International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.61.

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Reports on the topic "Media regulation"

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Muñoz-Saldaña, Mercedes. Code CoAN 2010: The first Code of Audiovisual Media Co-regulation in Spain. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-66-2011-931-235-251-en.

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Gillespie, Rebecca, and Stephanie Friend. Trends in Twitter conversations about food during 2019-20. Food Standards Agency, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.lbs663.

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As part of our responsibilities, we work to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. To do this, we use science and evidence to tackle the challenges of today, to identify and address emerging risks, and to ensure the UK food safety regulation framework is modern, agile and represents consumer interests. One way we build our understanding of consumer interests and concerns is through social media analysis, which permits real time monitoring of key issues relating to food safety and other consumer concerns.
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert, and Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.

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Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.
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4

Sopein-Mann, Oluwafunmike, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Medicines Regulation in West Africa: Current State and Opportu-nities. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317443.

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Ndomondo-Sigonda et al. (2017) observed that there is scarcity of information on human resources (person-nel devoted to regulation of medicines) in the domain of medicines regulation in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The published information on medicines regulation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region are no longer current and consistent with the current realities in the NMRAs. In order to reveal this occurrence, show the trends that exist over the years and make appropriate recommendations, data were collected and compared from 2005, 2010 and 2017 research reports on seven regulatory features of the fifteen Members States of ECOWAS. The re-sults show that there was missing information per regulatory feature and country. There was also an overall increasing trend in the number of NMRAs in the region that showed progress with respect to the measured regulatory features - Autonomy (Authority and Legal form), Marketing Authorization), GMP inspection, Quality Control, Quality Management System, Information Management System and Harmonization and International cooperation. People of Africa have a valuable story to tell as it relates to medicines regulation. This report is written by a West African from the perspective of a West African involved in the study and practice of medi-cines regulation by the NMRAs in the ECOWAS.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.

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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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Chen, Xiaole, Peng Wang, Yunquan Luo, Yi-Yu Lu, Wenjun Zhou, Mengdie Yang, Jian Chen, Zhi-Qiang Meng, and Shi-Bing Su. Therapeutic Efficacy Evaluation and Underlying Mechanisms Prediction of Jianpi Liqi Decoction for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Science Repository, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jso.2021.02.04.sup.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Liqi decoction (JPLQD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The characteristics and outcomes of HCC patients with intermediate stage B who underwent sequential conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) only or in conjunction with JPLQD were analysed retrospectively. The plasma proteins were screened using label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. The effective mechanisms of JPLQD were predicted through network pharmacology approach and partially verified by ELISA. Results: Clinical research demonstrated that the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, neutropenia and bilirubin, median progression-free survival (PFS), and median overall survival (OS) in HCC patients treated with JPLQD were superior to those in patients not treated with JPLQD (all P<0.05). The analysis of network pharmacology, combined with proteomics, suggested that 52 compounds targeted 80 potential targets, which were involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, especially affecting the apoptosis-related pathways including TNF, p53, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK. Plasma IGFBP3 and CA2 were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients with sequential cTACE and RFA therapy treated with JPLQD than those in patients not treated with JPLQD (P<0.001). The AUC of the IGFBP3 and CA2 panel, estimated using ROC analysis for JPLQD efficacy evaluation, was 0.867. Conclusion: These data suggested that JPLQD improves the quality of life, prolongs the overall survival, protects liver function in HCC patients, and exhibits an anticancer activity against HCC. IGFBP3 and CA2 panels may be potential therapeutic targets and indicators in the efficacy evaluation for JPLQD treatment, and the effective mechanisms involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, possibly affected the regulation of apoptosis.
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Bostock, Richard M., Dov Prusky, and Martin Dickman. Redox Climate in Quiescence and Pathogenicity of Postharvest Fungal Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586466.bard.

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Monilinia fructicola causes brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot in stone fruits. Immature fruit are highly resistant to brown rot but can become infected. These infections typically remain superficial and quiescent until they become active upon maturation of the fruit. High levels of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and related compounds occur in the peel of immature fruit but these levels decline during ripening. CGA inhibits cutinase expression, a putative virulence factor, with little or no effect on spore germination or hyphal growth. To better understand the regulation of cutinase expression by fruit phenolics, we examined the effect of CGA, caffeic acid (CA) and related compounds on the redox potential of the growth medium and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. The presence of CA in the medium initially lowered the electrochemical redox potential of the medium, increased GSH levels and inhibited cutinase expression. Conidia germinated in the presence of CA, CGA, or GSH produced fewer appressoria and had elongated germ tubes compared to the controls. These results suggest that host redox compounds can regulate fungal infectivity. In order to genetically manipulate this fungus, a transformation system using Agrobacterium was developed. The binary transformation vector, pPTGFPH, was constructed from the plasmid pCT74, carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the ToxA promoter of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) under control of the trpC promoter of from Aspergillus nidulans, and the binary vector pCB403.2, carrying neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) between the T-DNA borders. Macroconidia of M. fructicola were coincubated with A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404(pPTGFPH) on media containing acetosyringone for two days. Hygromycin- and G418-resistant M. fructicola transformants were selected while inhibiting A. tumefaciens with cefotaxime. Transformants expressing GFP fluoresced brightly, and were formed with high efficiency and frequency of T-DNA integration frequency. The use of these transformants for in situ studies on stone fruit tissues is discussed.
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Tzfira, Tzvi, Michael Elbaum, and Sharon Wolf. DNA transfer by Agrobacterium: a cooperative interaction of ssDNA, virulence proteins, and plant host factors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695881.bard.

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Agrobacteriumtumefaciensmediates genetic transformation of plants. The possibility of exchanging the natural genes for other DNA has led to Agrobacterium’s emergence as the primary vector for genetic modification of plants. The similarity among eukaryotic mechanisms of nuclear import also suggests use of its active elements as media for non-viral genetic therapy in animals. These considerations motivate the present study of the process that carries DNA of bacterial origin into the host nucleus. The infective pathway of Agrobacterium involves excision of a single-stranded DNA molecule (T-strand) from the bacterial tumor-inducing plasmid. This transferred DNA (T-DNA) travels to the host cell cytoplasm along with two virulence proteins, VirD2 and VirE2, through a specific bacteriumplant channel(s). Little is known about the precise structure and composition of the resulting complex within the host cell and even less is known about the mechanism of its nuclear import and integration into the host cell genome. In the present proposal we combined the expertise of the US and Israeli labs and revealed many of the biophysical and biological properties of the genetic transformation process, thus enhancing our understanding of the processes leading to nuclear import and integration of the Agrobacterium T-DNA. Specifically, we sought to: I. Elucidate the interaction of the T-strand with its chaperones. II. Analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the T-complex and its chaperones in vitro. III. Analyze kinetics of T-complex formation and T-complex nuclear import. During the past three years we accomplished our goals and made the following major discoveries: (1) Resolved the VirE2-ssDNA three-dimensional structure. (2) Characterized VirE2-ssDNA assembly and aggregation, along with regulation by VirE1. (3) Studied VirE2-ssDNA nuclear import by electron tomography. (4) Showed that T-DNA integrates via double-stranded (ds) intermediates. (5) Identified that Arabidopsis Ku80 interacts with dsT-DNA intermediates and is essential for T-DNA integration. (6) Found a role of targeted proteolysis in T-DNA uncoating. Our research provide significant physical, molecular, and structural insights into the Tcomplex structure and composition, the effect of host receptors on its nuclear import, the mechanism of T-DNA nuclear import, proteolysis and integration in host cells. Understanding the mechanical and molecular basis for T-DNA nuclear import and integration is an essential key for the development of new strategies for genetic transformation of recalcitrant plant species. Thus, the knowledge gained in this study can potentially be applied to enhance the transformation process by interfering with key steps of the transformation process (i.e. nuclear import, proteolysis and integration). Finally, in addition to the study of Agrobacterium-host interaction, our research also revealed some fundamental insights into basic cellular mechanisms of nuclear import, targeted proteolysis, protein-DNA interactions and DNA repair.
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Mashingia, Jane, S. Maboko, P. I. Mbwiri, A. Okello, S. I. Ahmada, R. Barayandema, R. Tulba, et al. Joint Medicines Regulatory Procedure in the East African Community: Registration Timelines and Way Forward. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317429.

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A review of the East African Community (EAC) joint regulatory review process was conducted, registration timelines analyzed and key milestones, challenges and opportunities documented for the period of July 2015 to January 2020. A total of 113 applications were submitted for joint scientific review. Among these, 109 applications were assessed, 57 were recommended for marketing authorisation, 52 applications had queries to applicants and four applications were under review. A total median approval time for all products ranged from 53 to 102 days. The maximum time taken by a regulator to review the dossier was 391 days and the minimum time was 44 days. For applicants, the maximum time to respond to queries was 927 days and the minimum time was nine days. The total median time for granting marketing authorisation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRA) decreased from 174 to 39 working days in 2015 and 2019 respectively. However, not all EAC NMRA has granted marketing authorisation to all 57 products due to non-payment of applicable fees by applicants. Long regulatory approval timelines were contributed by limited capacity for timely scientific review of dossier by some NMRA, lack of online portal to share dossiersand assessment reports, delay in responding to queries by applicants and deficiencies in dossier. The metric tool and register of medical products submitted for joint scientific review had incomplete data. Challenges were identified and actions recommended to ensure regional regulatory system optimization, efficiency, transparency, sustainability and accountability.
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10

Fridman, Eyal, and Eran Pichersky. Tomato Natural Insecticides: Elucidation of the Complex Pathway of Methylketone Biosynthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696543.bard.

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Plant species synthesize a multitude of specialized compounds 10 help ward off pests. and these in turn may well serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides to reduce environmental damage and health risks to humans. The general goal of this research was to perform a genetic and biochemical dissection of the natural-insecticides methylketone pathway that is specific to the glandular trichomes of the wild species of tomato, Solanumhabrochaites f. glabratum (accession PI126449). Previous study conducted by us have demonstrated that these compounds are synthesized de novo as a derivate pathway of the fatty acid biosynthesis, and that a key enzyme. designated MethylketoneSynthase 1 (MKS 1). catalyzes conversion of the intermediate B-ketoacyl- ACPs to the corresponding Cn-1 methylketones. The approach taken in this proposed project was to use an interspecific F2 population. derived from the cross between the cultivated lV182 and the wild species PIl26449. for three objectives: (i) Analyze the association between allelic status of candidate genes from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway with the methylketone content in the leaves (ii) Perform bulk segregant analysis of genetic markers along the tomato genome for identifying genomic regions that harbor QTLs for 2TD content (iii) Apply differential gene expression analysis using the isolated glands of bulk segregant for identifying new genes that are involved in the pathway. The genetic mapping in the interspecific F2 population included app. 60 genetic markers, including the candidate genes from the FAS pathway and SSR markers spread evenly across the genome. This initial; screening identified 5 loci associated with MK content including the candidate genes MKS1, ACC and MaCoA:ACP trans. Interesting observation in this genetic analysis was the connection between shape and content of the glands, i.e. the globularity of the four cells, typical to the wild species. was associated with increased MK in the segregating population. In the next step of the research transcriptomic analysis of trichomes from high- and 10w-MK plants was conducted. This analysis identified a new gene, Methy1ketone synthase 2 (MKS2), whose protein product share sequence similarity to the thioesterase super family of hot-dog enzymes. Genetic analysis in the segregating population confirmed its association with MK content, as well as its overexpression in E. coli that led to formation of MK in the media. There are several conclusions drawn from this research project: (i) the genetic control of MK accumulation in the trichomes is composed of biochemical components in the FAS pathway and its vicinity (MKS 1 and MKS2). as well as genetic factors that mediate the morphology of these specialized cells. (ii) the biochemical pathway is now realized different from what was hypothesized before with MKS2 working upstream to I\1KS 1 and serves as the interface between primary (fatty acids) and secondary (MK) metabolism. We are currently testing the possible physical interactions between these two proteins in vitro after the genetic analysis showed clear epistatic interactions. (iii) the regulation of the pathway that lead to specialized metabolism in the wild species is largely mediated by transcription and one of the achievements of this project is that we were able to isolate and verify the specificity of the MKS1 promoter to the trichomes which allows manipulation of the pathways in these cells (currently in progress). The scientific implications of this research project is the advancement in our knowledge of hitherto unknown biochemical pathway in plants and new leads for studying a new family in plants (hot dog thioesterase). The agricultural and biotechnological implication are : (i) generation of new genetic markers that could assist in importing this pathway to cultivated tomato hence enhancing its natural resistance to insecticides, (ii) the discovery of MKS2 adds a new gene for genetic engineering of plants for making new fatty acid derived compounds. This could be assisted with the use of the isolated and verified MKS1 promoter. The results of this research were summarized to a manuscript that was published in Plant Physiology (cover paper). to a chapter in a proceeding book. and one patent was submitted in the US.
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