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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Media regulation'
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Simmons, Charlotte. "Children, media and regulation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13748.
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Each new medium of communication that has emerged over the past century and more has generated concern over its alleged negative effect on children. This concern has (in most cases) generated a moral panic, involving campaigning by moral guardians and office spokespeople, calls for greater regulation and subsequent response from the government or designated regulators. Based on continued inconclusive media effects research and debates over adults' and children's rights, regulation has become increasingly problematic. Such questions as how far you should restrict and protect children and how it may be possible to balance protection with rights, are complex and fraught with practical difficulties. These are the kind of questions that regulators have currently to consider. In addition, media convergence and internet technology threaten traditional regulatory structures. Such developments pose a further regulatory quandary. How are regulators attempting to tackle these issues? The thesis attempts to examine this question by exploring how regulators have responded to panics over children's media and whether their attempts have resulted in robust regulatory systems. The regulation systems analysed embrace advertising and obesity, internet chat-rooms and grooming, video games and violence and cinema regulation (the 12A classification). Case studies of these particular areas of current concern show how regulation has developed and how it works in practice, assess whether such regulation is effective and if not, recommends ways in which it could be improved.
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Banda, Fackson. "The complexities of media regulation." Pambazuka News, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/434/1/BandaF_complexities.pdf.
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This is a review of Article 19's publication entitled 'Broadcasting pluralism and diversity: training manual for African regulators'. It analyses the key issues raised in the manual, and problematises them in terms of media theory. It concludes that the Article 19 manual is a useful training resource, regardless of some of its theoretical and presentational shortcomings.
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Scaife, Laura. "The effective regulation of social media." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/65920/.
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This work is a summary essay in support of my PhD by published works. At its broadest level, my book The Handbook of Social Media and the Law, considers the array of overlapping and existing legislation that seeks to 'govern' social media platforms and social media users, analysing from both criminal and civil perspectives the laws that regulate the way in which stakeholders are able to interact with social media. In my book, I analyse the law doctrinally and offer a contemporary analysis of social media as an ever-shifting "lawscape", which continually presents regulatory challenges. Drawing on this this systematic doctrinal analysis, I have subsequently been able to consider from a theoretical and conceptual perspective the effectiveness of the regulation of social media, which has allowed me to offer an original analysis, which any future effective regulation in this area must acknowledge, namely that the regulation of social media will always retain an element of reactivity to technological development. In this summary, I therefore suggest that, as underpinned by my doctrinal analysis, a regulatory model must be devised that can grow with technology, that is alive to cultural sensitivities and the organisational constraints of both the regulator and regulated entities. In this summary, I therefore assert that truly responsive social media regulation would embrace and engage with the disruptive nature of the environment which it seeks to assist, rather than command.
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von, Krogh Torbjörn. "Understanding Media Accountability : Media Accountability in Relation to Media Criticism and Media Governance in Sweden 1940-2010." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16679.
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The concepts of media accountability, media criticism and media governance are analysed and discussed in a Swedish setting; how they relate to each other and interact. This is achieved by using various methods – a survey to editors, analy- ses of parliamentary debates, interviews, direct observation and document stu- dies – in studying different stakeholders, media representatives and governance conditions in Sweden during the last 70 years. The findings point in a direction of dynamic complexities with a central role for media criticism. The type, level and intensity of media criticism may affect the functioning of the media governance structure and is a vital part of the media accountability process. The media governance structure – which in addi- tion to media criticism is influenced by international conditions, technological developments and political factors – may in turn affect the media accountability process. In this process, media representatives aim to defend obtained positions of societal influence, achieve and maintain positive PR and enhance editorial quality at the same time. Media criticism may start a substantial media accountability process if the discontent is widespread and not countered by market approval or political iner- tia. The process is facilitated if the critique is connected to more than one frame of accountability and if stakeholders see opportunities for dual objectives. Very strong and widespread media criticism may be difficult for media organizations to neglect. The accountability process in Sweden has become less dependent on corpora- tive negotiations between organized interests and political assemblies. Instead, two other tendencies seem to have emerged: on the one hand a possibility for media organizations to favour such accountability processes that they are able to control, and on the other hand the rise of a rich variety of sometimes short-lived accountability instruments that may develop for specific occasions and are difficult to control.
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Henry, Julee A. "Increasing Self-Regulation Through the MyHomework Social Media Application." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492203809410856.
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Costache, Andreea Madalina. "De-regulation of european media policy (2000-2014) The debate on media governance and media pluralism in the EU." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284884.
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Esta tesis doctoral analiza el caso de la regulación del pluralismo de los medios de comunicación a nivel de las instituciones de la Unión Europea. El objetivo principal es examinar si hay una evolución en el cambio de políticas de medios de la UE desde la estricta regulación gubernamental a un enfoque de gobernanza suave con respecto a la protección del pluralismo desde el 2000 hasta el 2014. En la primera parte se desarrolla el marco teórico, basado en dos conceptos teóricos: el pluralismo de los medios y la gobernanza suave. En este sentido, este estudio argumenta que el pluralismo de los medios de comunicación se puede proteger mejor si la regulación gubernamental a nivel de los Estados Miembros se complementa con medidas de regulación suave en el ámbito de la UE, teniendo en cuenta las circunstancias de la limitación de competencias de la Comisión Europea. En la segunda parte se analizan las acciones de política de medios de comunicación a nivel de la UE. Aquí se hace una distinción entre las acciones políticas e iniciativas para la protección del pluralismo de los medios de comunicación avanzadas por las instituciones de la UE como el Parlamento Europeo, El Consejo de Europa, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y los de la Comisión Europea. Las iniciativas gubernamentales, estrategias y argumentos y la regulación suave hacia la protección del pluralismo de medios, procedentes de todos los actores de la política de medios se discuten. De este modo, se puede evaluar si la Comisión Europea se aleja más del tema del pluralismo de medios o cierra la brecha hacia las iniciativas de los Estados Miembros para complementar estas iniciativas con iniciativas de la regulación suave a nivel de la UE.This PhD dissertation analyses the case of the regulation of media pluralism at the European Union’s institutions level. The main objective is to examine if there is an evolution on the EU media policy change from strict-government regulation to a soft-governance approach regarding the protection of pluralism from 2000 to 2014. In the first part the theoretical framework is developed, based on two theoretical concepts: media pluralism and soft-governance. In this regard, this study argues that media pluralism can be better protected if the statutory governance at national level of Member States is complemented with soft-regulatory measures at the EU level, considering the circumstances of the European Commission limitation of competences. In the second part are analyzed the media policy actions at the EU level. A distinction is made here between the policy actions and initiatives for the protection of media pluralism advanced by the EU institutions like European Parliament, the Council of Europe, civil society organizations and the ones of the European Commission. The hard-regulatory initiatives, strategies and arguments and soft-regulatory ones towards the protection of media pluralism, coming from all the media policy actors, are discussed. In this way, it can be assessed if the European Commission is distancing further more from the subject of media pluralism or is bridging the gap towards the initiatives of the Member States to complement these initiatives with soft-regulatory initiatives at the EU level.
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Iosifides, Petros. "Media concentration policy in the European Union and the public interest." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1996. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/948x9/media-concentration-policy-in-the-european-union-and-the-public-interest.
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Roberts, Brian K. "Regulation of the British mass media : a historical institutionalist account." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557843.
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This thesis is centrally concerned with the historical development and performance of two sectors which have together constituted the mainstay of the British mass media, namely terrestrial broadcasting and the printed press. It sets out to discover how and why two sectors born of the same national setting, and whose regulatory arrangements were formally constructed in historical perspective at roughly the same moment in time, have developed to be so different. It argues that part of the answer lies in an explanatory variable neglected by existing accounts of British media development, namely the institutional variable. Thus, whilst incorporating insights from leading accounts that view British media development from 'outside in'; as the product of external forces acting upon media institutions; this thesis constructs a complementary account of British media development which emphasises how and why Britain's foremost mass media have been heavily dependent on their prior institutional histories. For the purposes of concision, the thesis refers to this perspective as the view from 'inside out'. To make its case, the thesis applies concepts drawn from the historical institutionalist (HI) school of political science, such as historical timing and sequence, self-reinforcing positive feedback, institutional isomorphism, path dependence, windows of opportunity and critical junctures, exploring how and why the institutional structures of the British press and British broadcasting developed over time, and outlining why an HI perspective adds significant value to the current knowledge base. The thesis comes in three parts. In Part One, the respective performances of British broadcasting and the British press under formal regulation are analysed. In Part Two, the sectoral differences identified in Part One are explained, first by means of three leading narratives that perceive media development from 'outside in'; and secondly via a HI account which views development from 'inside out'. Finally, in Part Three, the thesis focuses upon the current state of play and longer term prospects of the institution of British public service broadcasting. There it considers whether, in light of current powerful external forces of change, a regulatory policy paradigm shift has occurred. Though it does not discount the propensity for change in the current climate, it argues that the path dependent nature of three recent significant policy developments shows that, even in the digital age, media institutions and their histories continue to matter.
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Chen, Xi. "The Dynamics of Chinese Media Practices and Regulation: Explanations and Interpretations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30035.
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Based on the understanding that a countryâ s media system can provide important insights into its politics, this dissertation reexamines the development of Chinese politics in the reform era through the media lens, and television in particular. Given that Chinese media have been a marker of the nationâ s socio-political developments, the media perspective is believed to be particularly useful in interpreting Chinaâ s changing political circumstances. By tracing the dynamics of television news reporting practices and government regulation of the news media, this analysis will map out the evolving roles of television in todayâ s China to use them as subtle indications of how Chinese politics are evolving in the reform era. Chinese television adopted a Soviet TASS style from its very beginnings due to the heavy Soviet influence that placed an emphasis on imparting a heavily ideological messages and propagating government policies and rules. This practice, however, has been substantially changed during the reform era. Television news reporting in todayâ s China is moving towards the liberal media style in both format and content. What specific changes have taken places in television industry? To what extent has Chinese media departed from the Soviet style? What are the implications of these media changes for Chinaâ s politics? To answer these questions, I conducted content analysis of the China Radio and Television Broadcasting Awards news reports and television regulations in the reform era, which revealed that Chinese media was developing towards a hybrid of Soviet and liberal models in which both control and liberalization trends can be identified. While encouraging and authorizing increased managerial, editorial, and programming freedom and autonomy, the Party-State has managed to retain its control over political content through increasingly indirect and sophisticated means. The continued marginalization of alternative political voices confirms that democracy with political pluralism, free flow of information and rule of law has not yet materialized after more than two decadesâ economic reform. By collaborating with market and technology, the Communist Party of China has actually managed to consolidate its control over both the political and economic power while authorizing increased freedom in individual, cultural, and social domains.Ph. D.
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Guan, Yunxiang. "WTO's impact on China's periodical media." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ59173.pdf.
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Lundström, Justus, Jonas Widriksson, and Viktor Zaunders. "Changes in media consumption and file sharing : The impact of legislation and new digital media services." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12534.
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In this study we investigate how the attitude and behaviour concerning illegal file shar-ing have changed among the young population in Sweden. The study will analyze the impact of the IPRED law that was introduced in April 2008 and new digital media ser-vices that have emerged in the last couple of years. It is also evaluated which of these have had the most impact on the attitude and behaviour of the selected population.
The main part of our research consists of a quantitative survey handed out to a sample population among high school students (ages 16-20) in Jönköping, Sweden. This pri-mary data is later compared to secondary data from a similar study that was done on the same demographics two years prior to this research in order to measure the change in behaviour and attitude. The previous study was conducted prior to the IPRED law im-plementation by one of the authors. We also used prior research within this subject and related fields to further understand and interpret our data.
What we have discovered through our research is that there has been a decrease in ille-gal file sharing, especially when considering music, however this decrease is much more an effect of the adopting of new media services then it can be attributed to the IPRED law. Furthermore, the attitudes towards file sharing have remained unchanged and a large number of young adults do not feel that file sharing should be illegal.
It is also concluded that good legal alternatives to file sharing have a large market po-tential if these services can fulfil consumers demand on availability and price. Addition-ally we have found that good legal alternatives are important if the public is to refrain from returning to their old file sharing habits once the initial scare from new legislation has worn off.
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Doyle, Gillian. "The economics and regulation of concentrations of media ownership in the UK." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2180.
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Since the early 1990s, regulators in the UK and in many other countries have faced increasing pressure from media industry participants to liberalise media and cross-media ownership restrictions. Many countries, including the UK, have responded to this pressure by amending their domestic legislative frameworks in such ways as to remove at least some restrictions which had previously been established in order to protect pluralism. The main aim for this study has been to assess the 'economic' case in favour of de-regulating media and cross-media ownership in the UK. The principal method of investigation has been to analyse the relationship between, on the one hand, the size and vertical or diagonal structure of a selection of UK media firms and, on the other, their recent economic performance. Findings suggest that, although factors other than size will affect performance, there is generally a strong and positive correlation between the market share and the operating profitability of firms who are involved in either television or radio broadcasting, or national newspaper publishing. This correlation reflects efficiency gains through economies of scale and scope and, also, revenue advantages arising from increased market power. On the other hand, there is little evidence that previous monomedia ownership restrictions represented a threat to the economic viability of the industry or that developments in the late 1990s have introduced significant 'new' gains for enlarged monomedia enterprises. Nor is there evidence that de-regulation of monomedia restrictions would have any positive impact on the exports performance of traditional UK media firms. With regard to diagonal expansion, there is no evidence that cross-ownership between radio and television or between television and national newspapers yields important economic benefits. This thesis would argue that, taken as a whole, the de-regulation of UK media ownership in 1996 has delivered relatively few enhancements to the economic efficiency or prospects of the UK media industry while, at the same time, has engendered a considerable welfare loss through lower safeguards for pluralism. This outcome reflects serious systemic problems at the national UK level in the policymaking mechanism which is supposed to curb the political influence of media owners. This study finds that the scope - via a shift in responsibility for policy-formulation to the transnational European level - for overcoming such problems will be limited, not least because the protection of pluralism remains outside the official competence of the European Commission.
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Hardy, Jonathan James. "Convergence and commercial speech : a study of the dynamics and the regulation of cross-media promotion in UK media." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408041.
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Guo, Li. "Studies into mucin and its regulation in pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517658.
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Koai, Kuang-Wu. "Television regulation in Taiwan, 1962-1995 : state control, media autonomy and regime transition." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244801.
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Chondroleou, Georgia. "Policy networks in comparative perspective : media policy networks and regulation policy in Britain and Greece." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273823.
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Sherstoboeva, Elena. "Regulation of Media in Russia in the context of the council of Europe standars." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406076.
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Aquesta tesi examina les polítiques de mitjans a Rússia amb l’objectiu d’identificar, principalment des d’un punt de vista jurídic, fins a quin punt han estat objecte d’influència per part del estàndards legals establerts per part del Consell d’Europa (CoE). En el primer capítol, la tesi explora les caracteríqtiques, principis, i estàndards de la llibertat des d’una perspectiva russa, sobre la base de l’estudi de les concepcions que de l’esmentada noció es poden identificar en el marc dels sistemes rus i soviètic, la legislació de mitjans russa, així com la pràctica judicial i regulatòria. També s’analitza el punt de vista de les principals institucions del CoE com ara el Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans o l’Assemblea Parlamentària, en relació amb la forma amb què Rússia ha implementat els estàndards internacionals i europeus en matèria de llibertat de mitjans. El segon cpaítol compara els paràmetres legals russos amb els estàndards del CoE sobre difamació, extremisme en els mitjans, aíxí com en matèria de mitjans audiovisuals i Internet.
La tesi conclou que un cop transcorreguts vint anys des de l’ingrés de Rússia com a membre, els estàndards del CoE han tingut només un impacte superficial en la política de mitjans a Rússia, i que aquesta política segueix tenint reminiscències de la pràctica soviètica en matèria de regulació de mitjans. Les autoritats russes han evolucionat des del refús dels estàndards del CoE fins a la seva interpretació en benefici del establishment polític rus, sota el pretext de la protecció dels “interessos nacionals”. Se sosté a més que els intents governamentals de des-universalitzar la noció del dret a la llibertat d’expressió es convertiran en cada cop més freqüents al llarg del món. Aquests intents no poden ser justificats, atès que amenacen el sistema internacional de drets humans i els valors que protegeix, així com s’orienten a mantenir el control governamental sobre la informació en una era en què l’esmentat control es troba seriosament qüestionat a causa del desenvolupament d’Internet i les noves modalitats tecnològiques en el terreny dels mitjans. Es conclou que les organitzacions internacionals disposen del potencial per a esdevenir les principals plataformes de resistència front a la des-universalització del dret a la llibertat d’expressió, així com la necessitat que s’estableixin noves mesures per a donar suport a la seva tasca,
Paraules clau: llibertat de mitjans llibertat d’expressió, dret de mitjans, polítiques de mitjans, polítiques de mitjans a Rússia, regulació d’Internet a Rússia, dret de mitjans a Rússia, Consell d’Europa, Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans, estándards internacionals.Esta tesis examina las políticas de medios en Rusia con el objetivo de identificar, principalmente desde un punto de vista jurídico, hasta qué punto se han visto influidas por los estándares legales establecidos por el Consejo de Europa (CoE). En el primer capítulo, la tesis explora las características, principios y estándares de la libertad de expresión desde una perspectiva rusa sobre la base del estudio de las concepciones de dicha noción que se pueden identificar en el marco de los sistemas ruso y soviético, la legislación de medios rusa, así como la práctica judicial y regulatoria. También se analiza el punto de vista de las principales instituciones dentro del CoE, como el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos o la Asambles Parlamentaria, con relación al modo en el que Rusia ha implementado los estándares universales y europeos en materia de libertad de medios. El segundo capítulo compara los parámetros legales rusos con los estándares del CoE sobre difamación, extremismo en los medios, así como sobre medios audiovisuales e Internet. La tesis concluye que más de veinte años después del ingreso de Rusia como miembro, los estándares del CoE han tenido solamente un impacto superficial en la política de medios de Rusia, y que esta política sigue teniendo reminiscencias con relación a la práctica soviética en materia de regulación de medios. Las autoridades rusas han evolucionado desde el rechazo hacia los estándares del CoE hasta su interpretación a favor del establishment político ruso, bajo el pretexto de la protección de los “intereses nacionales”. Se sostiene además que los intentos gubernamentales de des-universalizar la noción del derecho a la libertad de expresión se convertirán en frecuentes a lo largo del mundo. Estos intentos no pueden ser justificados, dado que amenazan el sistema internacional de derechos humanos y los valores que éste protege, así como se orientan a mantener el control gubernamental sobre la información en una era en la que dicho control se encuentra seriamente en entredicho a causa del desarrollo de Internet y nuevas modalidades de tecnologías de medios. Se concluye que las organizaciones internacionales disponen del potencial para devenir las principales plataformas para resistir frente a la des-unviversalización del derecho a la libertad de expresión, así como la necesidad de que se establezcan nuevas medidas para apoyar su trabajo. Palabras clave: libertad de medios, libertad de expresión, derecho de medios, políticas de medios, políticas de medios en Rusia, regulación de Internet en Rusia, derecho de medios en Rusia, Consejo de Europa, Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, estándares internacionales.
This dissertation examines Russian media policies with the purpose to identify, mainly from a legal viewpoint, the extent to which they have been influenced by the legal standards of the Council of Europe (CoE). In the first chapter, the dissertation traces the characteristics, principles, and standards of the Russian perspective on freedom of expression by studying the Russian and Soviet constitutional concepts on this right, the Russian national mass media legislation as well as judicial and regulatory media policies. It also assesses the perspectives of the main CoE institutions, such as the European Court of Human Rights and the Parliamentary Assembly, on Russia’s progress in the implementation of the universal and European standards on media freedom. The second chapter compares the Russian legal standards and those of the CoE on defamation and extremism in the media as well as on online and audiovisual media. The dissertation concludes that, during more than twenty years of Russia’s membership, the CoE’s standards have had only a superficial impact on Russian media policy, and that such policy is becoming increasingly reminiscent of Soviet practices of media regulation. Russian authorities have mostly moved from disregarding the CoE standards to interpreting them in favour of the Russian political establishment, under the pretext of protecting “national” interests. It is argued that governmental attempts to achieve a de-universalisation of the right of freedom of expression may become more frequent around the globe. Such attempts should not be justified because they considerably threaten the international system of human rights and the values it protects and seek to maintain governmental control over information in an era when such control is strongly challenged by the development of the Internet and new media technologies. It is suggested that international organisations have the potential to become the main social platforms for resisting the de-universalisation of the right of freedom of expression, and that new effective measures should be elaborated to support their work. Keywords: media freedom, freedom of expression, freedom of speech, media law, media policies, Russian media policies, Internet regulation in Russia, Russian media law, Council of Europe, European Court on Human Rights, international standards.
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Stiegler, Zachary Joseph. "The policy and practice of community radio: localism versus nationalism in U.S. broadcasting." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1086.
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While localism is a particularly important aspect of Congress' mandate that broadcasters serve "the public interest, convenience or necessity," the history of US radio broadcasting exhibits persistent tensions between nationalism and localism, which have intensified in recent decades. Current concerns about the loss of localism in US radio broadcasting invite us to reinterpret US radio history from a local perspective. This dissertation traces the tensions between localism and nationalism in US radio broadcasting through four forms of radio broadcasting constructed specifically to serve localism and the public interest: the 10-watt Class D license, full power public radio as typified by National Public Radio, the Low Power FM (LPFM) license established in 2000, and the controversial use of low power radio by religious broadcasters.
The Class D license, US public radio, and LPFM all originated with the stated objective of serving the public in meaningful ways which commercial broadcasting cannot. Yet to date, each of these has failed to meet this goal, whether due to legislative action, organizational failure or conflict amongst broadcast entities. Further, each of these case studies illustrates the conflict between nationalism and localism ever-present in efforts to establish radio broadcasting services that adequately and meaningfully serve local publics. Through a critical-historical analysis of the tensions between nationalism and localism in US radio broadcasting, this dissertation offers an understanding for the reasons and implications of the continued failure of radio's ability to serve local communities in the United States. In doing so, I look to the failures of the past to suggest how we may revise the current LPFM license to effectively serve local publics.
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Sliesarieva, Anna. "The Defender vs. the Censor: CDA Analysis of 2017 Russian Web-Source Ban in Ukraine." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414735.
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With the new challenges of the digital world associated with disinformation, data breaches, and cybercrimes (Cadwalladr & Graham-Harrison, 2018; Connolly et al., 2016; Shipley & Bowker, 2013) many countries nowadays discuss approaches to Internet regulation. In Ukraine, which faced propaganda tactics employed by Russia as a part of the Ukrainian-Russian conflict (Yurkova, 2018), the need for information security in recent years became a major challenge. In 2017, authorities of Ukraine addressed the challenge by introducing sanctions to the most-used Russian web-platforms, including social networks Vkontakte and Odnoklassniki, search engine Yandex, and many other services. This study analyzed the discourse that was formed around the decision. The work incorporates the model of critical discourse analysis by Fairclough (1995a) and framing analysis by Pan & Kosicki (1993). This qualitative study analyzed materials from Ukrainian online media, TV stories, user comments, and political speeches from 16th-17th May 2017 – the dates when the decision on blocking of Russian web-sources was announced to the Ukrainian public. The research answers the questions about the dominant discourses in society regarding the approach of the authorities to Internet regulation, the main arguments and counter-arguments, and media framing. The results show that the discussion was locked in a trap of two dominant discourses of freedom of speech and national security, whereas alternative measures to restrictions were not represented on the public agenda.
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Chiang, Yao-Kuo Eric. "Regulatory reform in Taiwan, 1987-1996 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9617.
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Engstrand, Hilda. "2008 - ett år för mobil-tv-marknadens utbredning? Drivkrafter hinder och aktörer." Thesis, Uppsala University, Media and Communication, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8391.
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Abstract
Title: 2008- the year of the mobile-TV-markets expansion? (2008- ett år för mobil-tv-marknadens utbredning? Drivkrafter hinder och aktörer).
Number of pages: 50
Author: Hilda Engstrand
Tutor: Lowe Hedman
Course: Media and Communication Studies C
Period: Fall Semester 2007
University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University.
Purpose/Aim: The aim of this research paper is to identify the main operators on the mobile-tv-market and to map out the main forces behind its growth. What are the driving forces that creates a new disribution-market? Also to study how political media-regulation effect and urge the mobile-tv- market.
Material/Method: Interviews with people from the mobile-tv-market. To read public-documents, press releases and reports from the government, media-companies and organisations has also been a method used to gain information.
Main results: That the mobile-tv-markets growth is a result of several driving forces. Political regulation is an important force that can make a difference in how and when the mobile-tv-market will expand. My research has also showed that it is beneficial if operators on the market co-operate in different ways.
Keywords: Mobile TV, Communication Techniques, Political Regulation, Broadcast Standards, New Media
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Edwards, Gloria Dorothea Elizabeth. "Towards press freedom through self-regulation : trends in South African press ombudsman cases (August 2007 – August 2011) / Gloria Dorothea Elizabeth Edwards." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8688.
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Recent attacks on media freedom in South Africa, that includes the ruling ANC party’s proposal for statutory regulation of the press, have seen press self-regulation fiercely contested and the ombudsman of the Press Council of South Africa (PCSA) defending the press’ constitutional right to freedom of expression.
Extensive arguments have been made by government, the public and the press for other forms of press regulation, such as statutory and independent co-regulation. In addition no accurate, detailed trends arising from complaints the ombudsman has dealt with in recent years, have been freely available on which arguments in such a debate could be based.
This research analyses the complaints dealt with by the press ombudsman in recent years in order to evaluate the present self-regulatory system, which is based primarily on the theories of freedom of expression and social responsibility of the press.
The analyses involves determining what trends exist in complaints cases that the ombudsman, Joe Thloloe, has dealt with since he took office in August 2007, until August 2011 when a Review of his office was published by the PCSA.
The study takes a qualitative approach, with some degree of quantification, and utilises document analysis and qualitative content analysis as data collection methods to analyse 593 cases, with specific focus on government complaints which form 15% of all cases analysed.
The findings reflect that the ombudsman’s approach in dealing with complaints was fair, that he displayed intolerance for transgressions and that his rulings were free of any obvious bias. This is evident in, amongst other findings, the very few appeals lodged against his rulings and even less successful appeals. In addition the press often voluntarily corrected their mistakes before prompted by the ombudsman. The findings also dispel some of the ANC’s criticisms that have led to its calls for statutory press regulation, such as the public and government’s acceptance of the self-regulation system, complaints from government largely having involved accuracy and not privacy as the ANC claimed, and that government’s failure to sign the legal waiver often resulted in cases being dismissed.
The findings also point to a significant increase in complaints, specifically from government, in the year 2010, which is the year in which the ANC renewed its calls for statutory regulation. This does not necessarily reflect a sudden decline in the quality of journalism but rather indicates that the ruling party differed fundamentally in its philosophical thinking regarding the press, which was perhaps informed by a developmental model of the press rather than the social responsibility model on which the present system is based. In this sense the government sees it fit to interfere or censor the press if it feels the system is not performing.
The findings show the ombudsman’s office lacked proper record-keeping from which accurate statistics could be derived, leaving a gap for criticism against the ombudsman. In addition, most often complaints against newspapers involved accuracy and fairness (such as not asking for comment). As is evident in several complaints falling outside the ombudsman’s mandate and the high number of dismissed cases, the findings also point to a lack of awareness or information of the system and of the ombudsman’s roles.
In light of the theoretical frameworks that set out how the self-regulation system, which is entrenched in the notion of press freedom, can enhance the cause of press freedom by its ombudsman enforcing a socially responsible Press Code, the findings ultimately lead to the conclusion that the ombudsman’s work has advanced the cause of press freedom in South Africa during the research period.Thesis (MA (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Link, Astrid. "Descriptive and normative aspects of the theory of legal pluralism : illustrated by problems of media regulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31170.
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This thesis explores the potential of the theory of legal pluralism. It examines the extent to which such a theory can contribute to an understanding of the regulatory crisis of the nation-state and serve as a point of departure for new regulatory approaches. A historical overview which looks at the disciplinary origins of legal pluralism is followed by an analysis of several legal pluralist concepts. This analysis serves as the basis for an elaboration of the descriptive and normative aspects of legal pluralism. The concept is compared with other social theories which are concerned with similar questions as legal pluralism. To illustrate the legal pluralist approach, same specific examples from the media sector are introduced. The thesis concludes by showing where a legal pluralist analysis might be appropriate and, moreover, how the theory can contribute to regulatory ways alternative to direct state intervention and market conceptions.
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Barrigar, Jennifer. "Time To Care About Reputation: Re-viewing the Resonances and Regulation of Reputation." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24051.
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This dissertation examines reputation as a regulating force in online and offline relationships and transactions, arguing that reputation requires protection through the promulgation of new laws.
Using John Locke’s “under-labourer” approach as its central method, this dissertation ultimately sets out a series of conclusions, which form a preliminary framework upon which appropriate reputation regulation might be built.
Part I of this dissertation studies offers an interdisciplinary study of reputation. Chapter 1 examines the ways that reputation is created and maintained, the purposes for which it is used, and its role in risk management and trust. These understandings are then applied to reputation in process. Chapter 2 explores formal reputation systems and the ways in which user investments and desires become written into reputation such that multiple levels of “dominant” norms may be simultaneously operant. Chapter 3 shows this normative force also operating on social network sites, shaping identity performances. Finally, having established these intersections and the regulating power of norms upon reputation, the effect of such performances is examined in chapter 4, which identifies reputation’s gatekeeper role in offline and online spaces and the risks this can create when information is accessed or employed without an understanding of the norms which have shaped that information. Thus reputation is shown as a socially negotiated and co-created process which exerts an unseen hegemonic force, with dominant political, economic and ideological interests embedded in seemingly social norms. These norms are enforced via reputation, which takes on a gatekeeper role, regulating access to a variety of spaces, information, and economic opportunities.
Part II begins with an examination of the current forms of legal and quasi-legal regulation of reputation that exist, ultimately finding that none of them is fully applicable to the complexity of reputation. Having established this complexity and shown that current approaches are inadequate, chapter 6 moves on to examine and then reject the neoliberal approach currently applied to these issues, finding its focus on individual responsibility to be inadequate and inappropriate, calling instead for a mode of regulation that understands reputation within its social context.
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Pappa, Evdokia. "Sports spectacle, media and doping : the representations of Olympic drug cases in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7477.
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This thesis explores the depiction of doping in the press. My interest in the topic stemmed from an early personal experience in competitive athletics where I was exposed to an in-sports reality that tolerated the use of performance-enhancing substances. However, references to doping in the media appeared to depict it in a different way. In order to investigate the divergence, the thesis analysed the reporting of two Olympic Games, namely Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008. It focused on empirical data and thus all articles that referenced doping were collected one month prior, during and one month after the two Olympic Games. In total 1274 articles were collected and analysed. Adopting a post-structuralist approach, the discourse analysis of the data leads to the identification of journalistic techniques that constructed discursive statements of doping. It was observed that first of all, in the case of highly publicised drug cases, these statements could be understood as constructing a moral panic episode. Secondly, the same discursive statements were circulated in the press even in the absence of positive doping samples. The thesis draws on the theories of moral regulation and governmentality to make sense of the constant presence of doping discursive statements in the press. It argues that inducting doping into sport spectacle makes its depiction seem apolitical and disconnected from society. However, in-depth theorisation of the phenomenon shows that its mediated construction plays an active role in influencing public policy.
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Weinand, Jenny [Verfasser]. "Implementing the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive : Selected issues in the regulation of AVMS by national media authorities of France, Germany and the UK / Jenny Weinand." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160310815/34.
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Wray, Emma. "Commercial radio in Britain before the 1990's : an investigation of the relationship between programming and regulation." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2009. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/16246/.
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Today's British commercial radio environment consists of over three hundred local, regional and national radio stations. Many operate a concentrated music format, designed to meet the demands of a defined target audience. This is in contrast to the commercial radio model in existence between 1973 and 1990, where local stations were required, as part oftheir contract, to broadcast speech-based programming, in addition to music, to a wider audience profile. One reason for speech programming on commercial stations was the strict regulation laid down by the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). Regulatory policy coupled with societal and political changes had a major influence on the creation of programme output from 1973, when commercial radio was established, until new broadcast legislation was passed which transformed the business model under the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programme content was constrained by the regulator's demands for what they referred to as 'meaningful speech' and the stations' desire to be more commercial in line with the demands of the audience. The intention ofthis research project is to explore the impact of regulation upon the commercial radio programming model between 1983-85, and to uncover why this period was pivotal in bringing about change within the regulatory framework. This examination will be carried out by drawing on IBA policy papers, media reports and personal accounts from interviews with key radio station personnel, such as broadcasters, station producers, managers and regulation staff The project draws on original sources of both primary and secondary data, including information held in the archives of the current radio regulator, the Office of Communications (Ofcom), who has granted unlimited access to previously unseen confidential archives. This provides an exclusive data source allowing the research to make an original contribution to broadcasting history, which is pertinent given the current debate on deregulation within UK commercial radio.
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Varney, Michael Robert. "The roles of private property, the 'general interest' and stewardship in the regulation of the digital media." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421222.
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Blanco, Pablo Miguel. "Coupling of binding and conformational equilibria in weak polyelectrolytes. Dynamics and charge regulation of biopolymers in crowded media." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670053.
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I have carried out this thesis in the Biophysical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Colloids research group of the University of Barcelona. In the recent years, the research group have made significant contributions to the study of the conformational, binding, diffusion and reactivity properties of weak polyelectrolytes and biopolymers. On the one hand, the group has contributed to the design and development of the Site Binding Rotational Isomeric State (SBRIS) model for weak polyelectrolytes. They have also successfully used the SBRIS model to reproduce the complex experimental titration curves of polyethylenimine. On the other hand, the research group has done significant contributions in the study of biopolymer diffusion and reactivity in crowded media. They tracked the diffusion of α-chymiotrypsin in solutions crowded by different- sized dextran macromolecules. They rationalized the experimental results comparing them with on-lattice Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, observing a qualitative agreement between both sets of data.
The present thesis follows the efforts of the research group in the development of theoretical and computational models for weak polyelectrolytes and biopolymers. I investigate different theoretical aspects of the conformational, ionization, elastic and diffusive properties of weak polyelectrolytes and biopolymers using theoretical and computational simulation techniques. The thesis includes six original peer-reviewed publications, which are distributed in six different chapters. Moreover, a complete description of the fundamental concepts and methodologies relevant for the thesis is also given.
On the one hand, I focus in the complex interplay of the ionization and conformational degrees of freedom of weak polyelectrolytes using the recently developed Site Binding Rotational Isomeric State (SBRIS) model. A new analytical technique, the Local Effective Interaction Parameters (LEIP) method, is presented to solve the SBRIS model including long range intramolecular electrostatic interactions. The model is validated against constant pH Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The SBRIS model is used to study the elastic response of a model weak polyelectrolyte. A new force regime is found for which (i) the force-extension curves are significantly dependent on the pH and the ionic strength values (ii) the polyelectrolyte charge is modified by the stretching force. The effect of charge fluctuation in the conformational and stretching properties of weak polyelectrolytes is studied comparing the results obtained with SGCMC simulation with those obtained with MC simulation with the same charge but keeping it constant. The conformational and elastic properties of the polyelectrolyte are observed to be significantly affected by the presence of charge regulation.
On the other hand, I study the diffusive and ionization properties of biopolymers in solution with a high concentration of macromolecules. These conditions, known as macromolecular crowding, are characteristic of biological media where up to the 40% of the volume is occupied by macromolecules. The diffusion of two globular proteins, α-chymiotrypsin and streptavidin, is analysed in different crowding conditions with Brownian Dynamics simulations. A new coarse grained model is proposed, named as Chain Entanglement Softened Potential (CESP), which is found to reproduce quantitatively the experimental data. I have investigated the effect of macromolecular crowding in the binding and conformational properties of two Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs), histatin-5 and β-amyloid 42, which are modelled using a bead and
spring model. The crowders are modelled using the CESP model mimicking Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA). The investigation is motivated by the hypothesis that, in the same way that the conformational and ionization degrees of freedom are coupled in weak polyelectrolytes, the macromolecular crowding should also cause a charge regulation in IDPs whose flexible structure is similar to those of weak polyelectrolytes. Two possible mechanisms through by macromolecular crowding can alter the IDP ionization are proposed: (i) the increase in the effective ionic strength (same ions in a reduced volume) and (ii) the IDP compaction due to macromolecular crowding. The IDPs global charge is found to exhibit significant variations when neutral and charged crowders are added to the system, due to the increase in the effective ionic strength.Els polímers són omnipresents a la nostra vida diària, presents en múltiples aplicacions industrials i involucrats en processos biològics essencials. Per exemple, l’ADN, les proteïnes i els sucres poden ser considerats polímers, normalment denominats biopolímers. Aquells polímers amb un gran nombre de grups carregats són coneguts com a polielectròlits i freqüentment classificats en termes de la seva ionització com a forts (completament ionizats) o febles (parcialment ionizats). En aquesta tesi, investigo diferents aspectes teòrics de les propietats conformacionals, elàstiques, difusives i d'ionització de polielectròlits febles i biopolímers. Per un costat, em centro en la complexa interació entre els graus de llibertat d'ionització i conformacionals dels polielectròlits febles utilitzant el model Site Binding Rotational Isomeric State (SBRIS), desenvolupat recentment. S’introdueix una nova tècnica analítica, el mètode Local Effective Interaction Parameters (LEIP), per resoldre el model SBRIS incloent les interaccions electroestàtiques intramoleculars de llarg abast. El model es valida comparant els resultats amb la solució obtinguda per simulacions Monte Carlo a pH constant. El model SBRIS s’utilitza per estudiar la resposta elàstica d’un polielectròlit model. Es troba un nou règim de força en el que (i) les corbes força-extensió són significativament dependents del valor del pH i la força iònica (ii) la càrrega del polielectròlit es modificada per la acció de la força d’estirament. S’observa que les propietats conformacionals i elàstiques del polielectròlit es veuen significativament i moderadament afectades per la presència de fluctuacions en la càrrega, respectivament. Per l’altre costat, avaluo les propietats difusives i d'ionització de biopolímers en solució amb una elevada concentració de macromolecules. Aquestes condicions, conegudes com crowding macromolecular, son característiques dels medis biologics on fins el 40% del volum es ocupat per macromolecules. S’analitza la difusió de dues proteïnes globulars, α-chimiotripsina i estreptavidina, en diferents condicions de crowding macromolecular amb simulacions de Dinàmica Browniana. Es proposa un nou model de gra gruixut, anomenat Chain Entanglement Softened Potential (CESP), el qual es trobat que reprodueix quantitativament les dades experimentals. S’ha investigat l’efecte del \emph{crowding} macromolecular en les propietats conformacionals i de protonació de dues proteïnes intrínsecament desordenades (IDPs), histidina
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Viruet, Guillermina. "Influence of Self-Assessment Scripts on Self-Regulated Learning and Students' Performance in a Multimedia Environment." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5043.
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Multimedia learning may be more effective than text-only methods. Researchers have not examined the effects of metacognitive strategies on self-regulated learning (SR) within multimedia learning environments (MLE). The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine potential differences in learning and SR skills between students who use a script as a self-assessment tool and students who do not, while creating a conceptual map. The cognitive-affective theory of learning with media was used to frame the study. The sample included 87 secondary school students from a public school in Puerto Rico, enrolled in 11th and 12th grade English courses. Control and treatment groups completed a questionnaire to measure group difference in goal orientations at the beginning of the study. A t-test results indicated differences between the groups in disposition, and motivation variables. SR was measured before and after the implementation process through questionnaires. A 1-way ANOVA showed no differences in SR skills used by both groups. Results showed no differences in learning in both groups. A multiple regression was run to predict learning from group, disposition, and motivation variables. Results indicated the variable group as the most significant predicting the learning process. These results may encourage more research on SR strategies including a focus on different academic content, self-assessment instruments, and variables related to SR in MLE. These findings can contribute to positive social change in guiding teachers, students, and multimedia designers to develop MLE and SR processes to enhance student performance and obtain better academic results.
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Kihlgren, Simon, and Anders Lundborg. "Den sociala organisationen : En intervjustudie om svenska organisationers strategiska arbete med sociala medier." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82795.
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Den teknologiska utvecklingen har skapat nya möjligheter för organisationer i deras externa kommunikation. Med framkomsten av sociala medier har organisationer fått en möjlighet att befinna sig på sina intressenters kanaler. Här finns utrymme för en kommunikationsprocess som tidigare inte varit möjlig och organisationer talar om den tvåvägskommunikation och den personliga relation man kan bygga upp på sociala medier. Organisationers kommunikationsarbete präglas ofta av tydliga strategier och styrdokument och policys. Styrdokument kring deras externa kommunikation är i regel väl utvecklade på flera plan. Ändå visar tidigare studier att organisationers arbete med sociala medier sker på ett mer experimentellt sätt. “Den sociala organisationen” syftar till att undersöka hur svenska organisationer på nationell nivå arbetar med sociala medier ur ett strategiskt perspektiv. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ intervjumetod studeras åtta stora svenska organisationer. Studien undersöker hur dessa åtta organisationer arbetar strategiskt med sociala medier. Vidare undersöks hur organisationerna arbetar för att utveckla sin kunskap om sociala medier samt till vilken grad organisationernas arbete på sociala medier styrs av styrdokument och policys. Huvudfrågan som denna studie ställer sig är: “Hur utmärker sig det strategiska kommunikationsarbetet via sociala medier i svenska organisationer?”. Denna huvudfråga söker författarna svara på med hjälp av ett antal arbetsfrågor som ska hjälpa dem att nå sitt syfte. De teorier som studien lutar sig emot är medialiseringsteori, med utgångspunkt framförallt ur Hjarvard’s och Schultz arbete inom området, samt tidigare forskning inom området gällande organisationers arbete med sociala medier. Dessa teorier och tidigare forskning bidrar till att studien kan koppla de teman som visar sig vid analysen av materialet. Resultaten visar att stora svenska organisationer fortfarande arbetar på ett relativt experimentellt sätt med sociala medier. Styrdokument finns i vissa fall, men de är i jämförelse med andra styrdokument mindre uppstyrda. Inom sociala medie-strategierna finns det också större utrymme för ändringar. Anledningen till detta är den ständiga förändring som sker i sociala medier vilket gör det svårt för organisationerna att skapa tydliga styrdokument som ska gälla över en längre tid.Technological development has created new opportunities for organizations in their external communication. With the arrival of social media, organizations have been given an opportunity to be on their stakeholders' channels. This has created a possibility of a communication process that has not previously been possible and organizations talk about the possibilities with a two-way communication and the personal relationship you can build on social media. Organizations' communicational work is often characterized by clear strategies with documents and policies. Documents regarding their external communication are generally well developed on several levels. Nevertheless, previous studies show that organizations' work with social media takes place in a more experimental way. The social organization aims to investigate how Swedish organizations at the national level work with social media from a strategic perspective. Using a qualitative interview method, eight large Swedish organizations are studied. The study examines how these eight organizations work strategically with social media. Furthermore, it is examined how the organizations work to develop their knowledge of social media and to what extent the organizations' work on social media is based upon documents and policies. The main question that this study raises is: "How does the strategic communication work via social media in Swedish organizations' stand out? The authors seek to answer this main question with the help of a number of sub-questions that will help them achieve their purpose. The theories from which this study is based on are mediatization theory, based primarily on Hjarvard's and Schultz's work in the field, as well as previous research in the field of organizations' work with social media. These theories and previous research contribute to the study by linking the themes that emerge in the analysis of the material. The results show that large Swedish organizations are still working in a relatively experimental way with social media. Documents are present in some cases, but they are less strategic in comparison with other organizational documents. Within social media strategies, there is also more room for changes. The reason for this is the constant change that takes place in social media, which makes it difficult for organizations to create clear documents that will apply over a longer period of time.
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Macleod, Catriona, and Simon Howell. "Public foetal images and the regulation of middle-class pregnancy in the online media : a view from South Africa." Taylor & Francis Group, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018803.
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Ultrasonography images and their derivatives have been taken up in a range of ‘public’ spaces, including medical textbooks, the media, anti-abortion material, advertising, the Internet and public health facilities. Feminists have critiqued the personification of the foetus, the bifurcation of the woman’s body and the reduction of the pregnant woman to a disembodied womb. What has received less attention is how these images frequently intersect with race, class, gender and heteronormativity in the creation of idealised and normative understandings of pregnancy. This paper focuses on the discursive positioning of pregnant women as ‘mothers’ and foetuses as ‘babies’ in online media targeted at a South African audience, where race and class continue to intersect in complex ways. We show how the ontologically specific understandings of ‘mummies’ and ‘babies’ emerge through the use of foetal images to construct specific understandings of the ‘ideal’ pregnancy. In the process, pregnant women are made responsible for ensuring that their pregnancy conforms to these ideals, which includes the purchasing of the various goods advertised by the websites. Not only does this point to a commodification of pregnancy, but also serves to reinforce a cultural understanding of White, middle-class pregnancy as constituting the normative ‘correct’ form of pregnancy.Full text access on publisher website: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2015.1046138
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Wedow, Michael. "Bank capital regulation and risk taking /." Berlin : Logos Verlag Berlin, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015051827&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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au, M. Stein@murdoch edu, and Michael Stein. "The Chinese Combat Film Since 1949: Variants of 'Regulation', 'Reform' and 'Renewal'." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061123.141154.
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This thesis examines variations of the Chinese combat film, from its origins within cinema in 1949, through to the contemporary period. My argument transposes the critical approach of genre, as a popular style within conventional film criticism, to a specific Chinese form. In particular, this study investigates the combat film as a prevailing mode in Chinese cinema, with a particular history, form of progression and set of aesthetics.
The argument initially applies the war film and combat genre categorisations to Chinese forms. Consequently three major variants emerge, manifest in the regulated (1949-1966), reformed (1980s) and renewed (1990s) styles, respectively. These modes are subsequently examined in rigorous narratological and cinematic contexts, resulting in an expanded conception of the Chinese combat film.
This thesis offers an integrative appreciation of variegations of the Chinese combat film since 1949, sutured to wider discursive and socio-political changes within the country. Moreover, this argument produces a framework for a more expansive and complex comprehension of Chinese cinema, one undergoing continual modes of re-negotiation as the medium progresses into the Twenty First Century.
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Starý, Vladislav. "Regulace transferu informací ve vybraných politických systémech porovnáním hlavních charakteristik regulačních orgánů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359922.
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The thesis solves the modern state of media power across selected political systems. The main idea is how the control of media content and the authorities of regulators are established inside the legal conception. Also, the question is, whether such a system of regulation is currently sufficient and whether the situation has come into a state where the media ceased to function as a control element of democracy and took on a determinant and powerful role. The first part of the thesis is a theoretical one, in which the basic concepts and also the most important sources on which the research is based on are presented. The second part is a practical one and it presents the systems themselves including their main characteristics. The mechanism of control in each country is described in more detail, and the hypothesis is presented together with the procedure leading to its evaluation. The hypothesis is confirmed in the last part of the thesis and the results are compared using information from the analysis. The paper presents a discussion of the detected state of media power at the end and also offers possible ways and solutions.
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Schultheiss, Gerhard. "Regulation von Kationenkanälen am Kolonepithel der Ratte /." Wettenberg : VVB Laufersweiler, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010395244&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Amstel-, van Saane Mariëtte van. "Twilight on self-regulation : a socio-legal evaluation of conservation and sustainable use of agrobiodiversity by industry self-regulation /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap [u.a.], 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016420152&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Stühmeier, Torben [Verfasser], Justus [Akademischer Betreuer] Haucap, and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Dewenter. "On Competition and Regulation in Media and Telecommunications Markets : Four Essays in Industrial Organization / Torben Stühmeier. Gutachter: Justus Haucap ; Ralf Dewenter." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101536358X/34.
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Townsend, Beverley Alice. "E-health, social media and the law in South Africa can ethical concerns in e-health practice be addressed through regulation?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4741.
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Includes abstract.This dissertation explores the various legal and ethical difficulties faced by health practitioners and patients alike in the application and practice of ehealth. These include informed consent, the relationship between the doctor and patient, accuracy of online content, confidentiality, privacy, data security and licensure. The existing and proposed legislation in place in South Africa and internationally to potentially address these issues is discussed. The broader question that is posed is whether greater e-health regulation is required in a developing country such as South Africa and if so what the regulations should address.
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McGuffie, Allison Doris. "African educational film and video: industry, ideology, and the regulation of Sub-Saharan sexuality." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1695.
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This thesis examines the industry of non-profit educational filmmaking in Sub-Saharan Africa, from the 1930's to the present, with particular attention on the contemporary period of video production from the late 1980's to approximately 2010. This thesis, first, identifies that there is a consistent industrial infrastructure around non-profit educational filmmaking in Sub-Saharan Africa, which has not previously been articulated. Second, it describes the industry's historical origins and contemporary manifestation, delineating the pathways for funding, systems for production, and avenues of distribution and exhibition, as well as the ideological underpinnings of each. Finally, this thesis proscribes alternative industrial practices for the imagination and execution of non-profit educational videos that alleviate some of the otherwise deeply engrained hierarchical features of the industry by drawing on several examples of recent innovations in the industry.
This thesis claims that the standard procedures by which non-profit educational films and videos in Sub-Saharan Africa come to be are problematic in the way that they maintain colonial hierarchies between Western philanthropic funders, cosmopolitan humanitarian professionals acting as producers, African casts and crews, and audiences that are necessarily objectified in order to be studied quantitatively. This structure has profound effects on content, most recently evident in neoliberal ideas that valorize the privatization of solutions to public health problems and quaint stories designed to encourage audiences to emulate ideal behavior based on Western gender norms as a primary solution to complex social problems, such as HIV/AIDS.
Drawing on examples from recent innovations in the industry, this thesis finally proposes that changes in the balance of decision-making power in the African educational film and video industry - changes such as sourcing audiences for stories addressing HIV/AIDS, integrating with existing media markets, or more loosely providing international support to existing local initiatives that pinpoint local concerns - are necessary in order to better realize the potential of cinema to effectively address the myriad of social, environmental, political, economic, and medical challenges faced by real and distinct Sub-Saharan audiences.
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Richter, Wolf R. "'Better' regulation through social entrepreneurship? : innovative and market-based approaches to address the digital challenge to copyright regulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d609027-8605-4815-a499-3d2981028a24.
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After the initial excitement about the Internet as a space outside of governmental control has evaporated and courts in several states have applied national laws to ‘Cyberspace’, there is now a consensus among scholars that regulators have in principle the authority and capacity to regulate the Internet. Nevertheless, the application of the established tools of regulation - legislation and adjudication - to the current challenges to copyright regulation posed by the Internet has proven to be ineffective and produced undesirable side effects. Although market self-regulation has been suggested as a more efficacious approach to regulating the Internet and has proven effective in content regulation and Internet governance, the market has so far been unsuccessful in providing an effective and efficient remedy to the challenges to copyright regulation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine a novel approach to regulation and analyse its benefits and limitations. The novel approach defies the conceptualisation as co- and self-regulation, but introduces the solution from outside the regulated environment through entrepreneurship and innovation, and relies on the forces of the market to become effective. In this thesis, I analyse the regulatory systems implemented by two private organisations, Noank Media and Creative Commons, in China’s reportedly ineffective copyright law environment and find that their market-based and innovative approach to regulation can be understood as a form of social entrepreneurship. Social enterprises have been claimed to deliver social goods more effectively and efficiently than governmental intervention, because they are said to rely on local knowledge, to be driven by the demand of the stakeholders, and to be focused on social value creation. Based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork with Noank Media’s and Creative Common’s stakeholders in China I analyse to what extent these two enterprises managed to successfully leverage the assets of social entrepreneurship. I conclude that while the novel approach has demonstrated the potential to produce more effective and more efficient regulation, it does not automatically result in Better Regulation. Further efforts are required to ensure participation, transparency, and public accountability, and to avoid regulatory fragmentation.
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Odau, Simone. "Untersuchungen zur Regulation der Prostaglandinsynthese im bovinen Ovidukt /." Berlin : Mensch- & -Buch-Verl, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015522647&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Höglund, Lena. "Essays on environmental regulation with applications to Sweden." Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009002298&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Danbury, Richard M. "The 'full liberty of public writers' : special treatment of journalism in English law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5299bf69-f793-4280-9525-9f3cc6f50ccc.
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This thesis investigates whether institutional journalism should receive special treatment at the hands of the law. Special treatment encompasses the affording of benefits to and the imposition of liabilities on journalistic institutions and the individuals who work for them. The arguments against special treatment are pragmatic and theoretical: pragmatic arguments emphasise, inter alia, the difficulty of providing a definition of journalism, and theoretical arguments emphasise the difficulty in explaining why special treatment can be coherent. The former can be addressed by describing how special treatment is already afforded to institutional journalism, both liabilities and benefits, to individuals and institutions, and showing that some of the problems foreseen by the pragmatic arguments have not proved as difficult as they appear. The arguments that special treatment is incoherent can be addressed by arguing that the credibility and assessability of institutional journalism still provide a prima facie rationale for special treatment irrespective of the rise of public speech on the Internet, when combined with the integral nature of journalism to democracy. Two basic arguments are advanced why this is so. The first, the free speech values argument, is a consequentialist account that holds that special treatment is appropriate when (or because) institutional journalism contributes to free speech values. It is attractive, but presents difficulties, both when considered in the abstract and when applied to the free speech value of democracy. The second, a rights-based argument, based on the notion that freedoms of speech and of the Press are distinguishable, can be based on either on Dworkin’s theory of rights as trumps or Raz’s theory of rights as interests. Raz’s account is preferable, as it complements the free speech values thesis in explaining the coherence of special treatment.
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Knutsson, Mikael. "Compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation: an exploratory case study on business systems’ adaptation." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209772.
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Current moves into a heavily digitalized era has led to a phase where our privacy is being eroded as we hand over our personal data to organizations and their systems. At the same time, the applicable laws to give security to the individuals have failed to incorporate these legal developments. However, in April 2016 the European Union proposed a change to a new regulation called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GDPR will be implemented and start to apply in May 2018, thus the main purpose of this study was to investigate how organizations can adapt to changing regulations on how personal data should be stored and managed, and what the key tension points are within specifically closed IT-systems. The goal of the GDPR and this study on its feature implementation is to guarantee the EU citizens their right to privacy. Through an exploratory case study involving an in-depth analysis of two closed IT-systems this study develops a broader understanding on how organizations should adapt their daily businesses in order to be fully compliant with the new bylaws. This study identifies four critical issues which are used to discuss how the new bylaws could affect the EU citizens’ privacy. To accomplish this and open up for further investigation within the field of data privacy laws - four different propositions to modifications were suggested.Den aktuella övergången till en omfattande digitaliserad tid har lett till en fas där vår integritet går förlorad då vi överlämnar vår personliga information till organisationer och deras system. Samtidigt har de tillämpade datalagarna med syfte att skydda individen misslyckats med att införliva denna utveckling. Därför har den Europeiska Unionen i april 2016 föreslagit en förändring till en ny reglering som får namnet Dataskyddsförordningen. Dataskyddsförordningen kommer blir implementerad och börja gälla i maj 2018 och därav var huvudsyftet med den här studien att undersöka hur organisationer bör anpassa sig till de nya riktlinjerna för hur personlig information bör lagras och hanteras samt vilka spänningspunkterna är för slutna IT-system. Målet med Dataskyddsförordningen och vad den här studien beaktade i dess kommande utförande är att garantera EU-medborgare rätten till sin integritet. Genom att utföra en undersökande fallstudie innehållandes en djupgående analys av två slutna IT-system har den här studien bidragit med en bredare förståelse för hur organisationer bör anpassa sina dagliga verksamhet för att vara helt medgörliga med Dataskyddsförordningen. Studien har identifierat fyra kritiska problem som har legat till grund för att diskutera hur den nya förordningen kommer påverka EU-medborgarnas rätt till sin integritet. För att göra det möjligt samt öppna upp för framtida undersökningar inom ramen för dataskyddslagar föreslogs fyra förslag på generella förändringar.
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Dörig, Sven Albert. "Zur Regulation der Futteraufnahme durch Ketonkörper bei Zwergziegen und Mäusen /." Zürich : Zentralstelle der Studentenschaft, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009001250&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Tokunaga, Robert Shota. "Engagement with Novel Internet Technologies: The Role of Perceived Novelty in the Development of the Deficient Self-Regulation of Internet use and Media Habits." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238658.
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This dissertation attempts to expand our understanding of the deficient self-regulation (DSR) of Internet use and media habit development. Drawing from a social cognitive perspective, DSR is described as lapses in effective self-control that are self-corrected over time. A shortcoming in this area of research is that factors relevant to the technology that may encourage the development of DSR or media habits are rarely, if ever, discussed. A large focus of existing research is instead narrowly placed on individual factors that motivate DSR and media habits. An extension is proposed to theory on DSR in this dissertation by examining the role played by novelty perceptions of technology. In the initial stages of technology use, when perceptions of novelty generally grow, perceived novelty is hypothesized to elicit a state of flow, which in turn diminishes the subfunctions of self-regulation and provokes DSR. The relationship between perceived novelty and flow is moderated by psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, and self-reactive outcome expectation. As perceived novelty of a technology decreases, it is presumed that self-control is restored given that flow no longer inhibits self-regulation. However, DSR and media habits are hypothesized to persist in later technology use if individuals experience psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, or high self-reactive outcome expectations. The manifestation of DSR in later stages of technology use increases the likelihood of forming media habits. The influence of novelty perceptions was evaluated on flow, DSR, and media habits at initial and later stages of technology use. The pretest demonstrated that a novelty frame successfully manipulated novelty perceptions of Second Life, the technology used in this experiment, in anticipated directions. In the main study, perceived novelty resulted in flow, which in turn predicted growth of DSR during initial stages of Second Life use. In the familiar stages of use, DSR led to the development of media habits over time; however, the relationship between novelty perceptions and DSR was not moderated by psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, or self-reactive outcome expectation. The findings of this investigation are discussed aside their implications for research, theory, and practice.
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Nordström, Michael, and Sergej Sevcenko. "Internet Privacy : A look into the construct of Privacy Knowledge." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18313.
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Background: With the increasing use of personalized marketing and the increasing ability to collect information on consumers, the consumers’ concern of privacy is increasing. Therefore it is important to understand what effects privacy concern, and how marketers can minimize this concern. Previous research suggest that factors such as computer knowledge, internet knowledge, and regulation awareness all affect privacy concern, however we believe that these are all related to each other in a construct we call Privacy Knowledge. Purpose: To investigate the construct of Privacy Knowledge and to what degree it influences a consumer’s attitude towards informational privacy. Method: In order to validate the Privacy Knowledge construct and measure its relationship to Privacy Concern we employed a deductive methodology which was comprised of questionnaires. The questionnaires were composed of summative Likert Scales, three of which had been previous validated by previous research. We utilized a quota sampling technique in order to gather enough data from each age group. The results were then analyzed by tools such as Factor Analysis, ANOVA tests, and Multiple Regression Analysis. Conclusion: Through the Factor Analysis we found that the factors Internet Knowledge, Computer Knowledge, and Regulation Awareness were better organized as Basic IT Knowledge, Advanced IT Knowledge and Regulation Awareness. Privacy Knowledge was found to be positively related to Privacy Concern. However we could only conclude of the three factors which make up Privacy Knowledge, Basic IT Knowledge had an effect on Privacy Concern. We believe this is due to the exclusion of other factors affecting Privacy Concern such as situational factors and suggest conducting further research on the matter including these variables.
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Hulin, Adeline. "Perspectives et limites de l'autorégulation des médias en Europe : essai sur les conditions d'exercice de la liberté d'informer à l'ère du numérique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020058/document.
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À l’heure où le modèle de l’autorégulation des médias connaît un succès grandissant en Europe, avec la multiplication du nombre de conseils de presse, mais aussi une remise en question fondamentale, suite à l’affaire anglo-saxonne de News of the World, ce travail de recherche tente de définir les bienfaits et les limites du modèle de l’autorégulation en matière de liberté des médias. D’une manière générale, cette recherche tente de montrer dans quelle mesure une responsabilisation collective des journalistes peut soutenir et promouvoir la liberté des journalistes. Pour le comprendre, cette recherche explore les liens entre liberté et responsabilité des médias. Elle montre que si l’État et les cours de justice, en tant que représentants démocratiques, peuvent être les mieux attribués pour définir les responsabilités de journalistes idéalement au service de l’intérêt public, d’autres considèrent qu’il faut laisser aux journalistes le soin de définir leurs responsabilités eux-mêmes pour limiter tant que possible les tentations étatiques de mettre sous contrôle les “chiens de garde” du système démocratique. Cette recherche nous enseigne que le juste équilibre entre régulation et autorégulation des médias dépend alors de la nature du régime politique en place ainsi que des traditions et cultures journalistiques. Elle montre qu’une responsabilisation collective des journalistes par l’autorégulation peut promouvoir et défendre la liberté des médias, lorsque des garde-fous existent pour limiter l’instrumentalisation du système. Elle montre aussi que l’autorégulation ne peut en aucun cas créer les conditions de la liberté des médias. Cette recherche souligne enfin les avantages de l’autorégulation des médias à l’heure du numériqueAt a time when the model of media self-regulation is becoming increasingly popular in Europe, with an increasing number of press councils, but also at a time when the model is being fundamentally questioned following the Anglo-Saxon scandal of the News of the World, this research attempts to define the benefits and limits of media self-regulation for media freedom. In general, this research tries to show how the collective accountability of journalists can support and promote media freedom. In other words, this research explores the relationship between media freedom and accountability. It shows that if the State and the courts, as democratic representatives, can be attributed to better define the responsibilities of journalists ideally serving the public interest, others consider that journalists should rather define their responsibilities themselves in order to limit as much as possible the temptation of state control of the "watchdogs" of the democratic system. This research tells us that the right balance between regulation and self-regulation of the media depends on the nature of the political regime and journalistic cultures and traditions. It shows that a collective journalists’ accountability can promote and defend media freedom when safeguards exist to limit the exploitation of the system. It also shows that media self-regulation can in no way create the conditions for media freedom. Finally, this research highlights the benefits of media self-regulation in the digital era
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Shake, Itumeleng Pascalina. "Who is watching who? Regulation of media and freedom of expression in Uganda : a critical analysis of the Press and Journalists Act of 1995." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8081.
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Critically examines the regulation of media through the Press and Journalists Act in Uganda. Also makes a comparative analysis of different forms of media regulation in other
jurisdictions and recommends best practices which might be useful for UgandaThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Frederick Jjuuko, Faculty of Law Makerere University Uganda
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM