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1
Armin, Scholl, ed. Systemtheorie und Konstruktivismus in der Kommunikationswissenschaft. UVK, 2002.
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2
Pastor, Juan Carlos Barrón. Sociocibernética crítica: Un método geopolítico para el estudio estratégico del sistema de medios de comunicación no presencial en América del Norte. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, 2018.
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3
Søren, Forchhammer, ed. Two-dimensional information theory and coding: With application to graphics and high-density storage media. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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4
Justesen, Jørn. Two-dimensional information theory and coding: With application to graphics and high-density storage media. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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5
Justesen, Jørn. Two-dimensional information theory and coding: With application to graphics and high-density storage media. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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6
Justesen, Jørn. Two-dimensional information theory and coding: With application to graphics and high-density storage media. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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7
Janecek, Sandra. Filming science: Wie funktioniert Wissenschaft im Fernsehen? VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.
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8
Christian, Hrsg :. Huck, ed. Das Popul are der Gesellschaft: Systemtheorie und Popul arkultur. VS Verlag f. Sozialwissenschaften/GWV Fachverlage, 2007.
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9
Owen, Charles B. Computed synchronization for multimedia applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
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11
Barclay, Philip, and Helen Scholefield. High dependency and intensive care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0030.
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The development of maternal critical care is essential in reducing morbidity and mortality due to a substandard level of care. The level of critical care should depend upon the patient’s severity of illness, not their physical location. Escalation to level 3 (intensive) care is uncommon in pregnancy, with a median admission rate of 2.7 per 1000 births, mainly due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and haemorrhage. Maternal ‘near misses’ occur more frequently, with 6.5 per 1000 births meeting Mantel’s criteria, of which 85% is due to major obstetric haemorrhage. The admission rate to maternal high dependency units (level 2 care) varies from 1% to 5%. Acute physiological scoring systems have been found to be reliable when applied to parturients receiving level 3 care but overestimate mortality. Maternal early warning scores have been derived from simplified versions of these systems, with allowance made for physiological changes seen in pregnancy. There are many different maternity scoring systems in use throughout England and Wales. All share the same principle that parameters should be recorded regularly during the hospital stay, with deviations from normal quantified, recorded, and acted upon. A chain of response is then required to ensure that suitably qualified staff, possessing appropriate critical care competencies, attend in a timely fashion. Appropriate resources must be available with equipment readily to hand and suitably trained staff so that invasive monitoring can be used. Clear admission criteria are required for level 2 care within the delivery suite and escalation to level 3, with suitable arrangements for transfer.
12
Atiqi, Muhammad Al. Echo Chamber and Polarization in Social Media: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach. Springer, 2023.
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14
Fuller, R. Buckminster, and Gene Youngblood. Expanded Cinema: Fiftieth Anniversary Edition. Fordham University Press, 2020.
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15
Thurner, Stefan, Peter Klimek, and Rudolf Hanel. Introduction to the Theory of Complex Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821939.001.0001.
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This book is a comprehensive introduction to quantitative approaches to complex adaptive systems. Practically all areas of life on this planet are constantly confronted with complex systems, be it ecosystems, societies, traffic, financial markets, opinion formation, epidemic spreading, or the internet and social media. Complex systems are systems composed of many elements that interact with each other, which makes them extremely rich dynamical systems showing a huge range of phenomena. Properties of complex systems that are of particular importance are their efficiency, robustness, resilience, and proneness to collapse. The quantitative tools and concepts needed to understand the co-evolutionary nature of networked systems and their properties are challenging. The intention of the book is to give a self-contained introduction to these concepts so that the reader will be equipped with a conceptual and mathematical toolset that allows her to engage in the science of complex systems. Topics covered include random processes of path-dependent processes, co-evolutionary dynamics, the statistics of driven nonequilibrium systems, dynamics of networks, the theory of scaling, and approaches from statistical mechanics and information theory. The book extends well beyond the early classical literature in the field of complex systems and summarizes the methodological progress over the past twenty years in a clear, structured, and comprehensive way. The book is intended for natural scientists and graduate students.
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Chadwick, Andrew. The Hybrid Media System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696726.001.0001.
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The diffusion and rapid evolution of new communication technologies has created a pressing need to understand the complex forces reshaping media and politics. Who is emerging as powerful in this new context? Written by a leading scholar in the field, this book provides a new, holistic interpretation of how political communication now works. In The Hybrid Media System Andrew Chadwick reveals how political communication is increasingly shaped by interactions among older and newer media logics. Organizations, groups, and individuals in this system are linked by complex and ever-evolving relationships based on adaptation and interdependence. Chadwick shows how power is exercised by those who create, tap, and steer information flows to suit their goals, and in ways that modify, enable, and disable the agency of others across and between a range of older and newer media settings. The [CE1][NN2]book examines a range of examples of this systemic hybridity in flow in political communication contexts ranging from news making in all of its contemporary “professional” and “amateur” forms, to parties and election campaigns, to activist movements and government communication. Compelling stories bring the theory to life. From American presidential campaigns to WikiLeaks, from live prime ministerial debates to hotly contested political scandals that evolve in real time, from historical precedents stretching back five hundred years to the author's unique ethnographic data gathered from recent insider fieldwork among journalists, campaign workers, bloggers, and activist organizations, this wide-ranging book maps the emerging balance of power between older and newer media technologies, genres, norms, behaviors, and organizational forms.
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Symbolische Systeme: Grundriss einer soziologischen Theorie. Velbrück Wissenschaft, 2005.
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18
Justesen, Jørn, and Søren Forchhammer. Two-Dimensional Information Theory and Coding: With Applications to Graphics Data and High-Density Storage Media. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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19
Justesen, Jørn, and Søren Forchhammer. Two-Dimensional Information Theory and Coding: With Applications to Graphics Data and High-Density Storage Media. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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20
Justesen, Jørn, and Søren Forchhammer. Two-Dimensional Information Theory and Coding: With Applications to Graphics Data and High-Density Storage Media. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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21
Justesen, Jø, and Søren Forchhammer. Two-Dimensional Information Theory and Coding: With Applications to Graphics Data and High-Density Storage Media. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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22
Physics of planetary rings: Celestial mechanics of continuous media. Springer, 1999.
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23
Sampson, Karen L. Value-Added Records Management. 2nd ed. www.quorumbooks.com, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216031680.
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Buried in paper? As new technologies, threats of litigation, and the onslaught of e-business innovations change the very nature of work, organizations need ways to safely and properly manage information. This revised and expanded edition of Sampson's earlier classic shows how records and information management practices jointly contribute to an organization's financial well being, be it public or private, non- or for-profit. Recordkeeping practices affect business objectives, processes, functions, and ultimately everyone in the organization. This book covers recordkeeping in all media, including paper, microfilm, electronic, and other storage modes. Instead of focusing on records media and information technologies, Sampson shows why organizations must focus on the content and value of records as they are determined by the organization's operating needs, the government's requirements, and relevant legislation. She shows how to create an essential uniformity in records management, one that integrates the many media systems you use into a single master system. Also included is a cautionary section explaining why skillful records and information management is essential to safeguard an organization's legal rights. This book provides fresh management perspectives and new business strategies, showing how to cope with the growing dependence on electronic records.
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Sovacool, Benjamin K. The Dirty Energy Dilemma. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400640896.
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The American electric utility system is quietly falling apart. Once taken for granted, the industry has become increasingly unstable, fragmented, unreliable, insecure, inefficient, expensive, and harmful to our environment and public health. According to Sovacool, the fix for this ugly array of problems lies not in nuclear power or clean coal, but in renewable energy systems that produce few harmful byproducts, relieve congestion on the transmission grid, require less maintenance, are not subject to price volatility, and enhance the security of the national energy system from natural catastrophe, terrorist attack, and dependence on supply from hostile and unstable regions of the world. Here arises The Dirty Energy Dilemma: If renewable energy systems deliver such impressive benefits, why are they languishing at the margins of the American energy portfolio? And why does the United States lag so far behind Europe, where conversion to renewable energy systems has already taken off in a big way? Corporate media parrot industry PR that renewable technologies just aren't ready for prime time. But Sovacool marshals extensive field research to show that the only barrier blocking the conversion of a significant proportion of the U.S. energy portfolio to renewables is not technological—the technology is there—but institutional. Public utility commissioners, utility managers, system operators, business owners, and ordinary consumers are hobbled by organizational conservatism, technical incompatibility, legal inertia, weak and inconsistent political incentives, ill-founded prejudices, and apathy. The author argues that significant conversion to technologically proven clean energy systems can happen only if we adopt and implement a whole new set of policies that will target and dismantle the insidious social barriers that are presently blocking decisions that would so obviously benefit society.
25
Kiely, Ray. Dependency and World-Systems Perspectives on Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.142.
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This essay focuses on two related “radical theories” of development, dependency and world-systems theory, and shows how they emerged as a critique partly of modernization theory and of the development strategy of import substitution industrialization. The dependency and world-systems perspectives on development were very influential among radical development theorists from the late 1960s onwards, all of whom agreed that capitalism had to be theorized as a world-system. These include Andre Gunder Frank, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Theotonio Dos Santos, Walter Rodney, Samir Amin, Arghiri Emmanuel, and Immanuel Wallerstein. Some “stronger” versions of dependency, associated with underdevelopment and world-systems theory, have been introduced in recent years. In particular, A. G. Frank proposed the idea that development and underdevelopment are two sides of the same coin. A more nuanced approach to understanding dependency suggested that development and dependence were in some respects compatible. Wallerstein’s world-systems theory has spawned another approach called world-systems analysis. As theories, the ideas associated with both dependency and the world-systems are problematic, failing, for example, to adequately explain the origins of the capitalist world economy. However, both theories remain useful for understanding the current global order. In addition to recognizing that capitalism can in some respects be regarded as a world-system, the two approaches correctly assume that neoliberalism reinforces hierarchies by undermining the capacities of states to shift out of low value production into higher value sectors, as shown by historical patterns of manufacturing.
26
Fridman, Alexei M., and Nikolai N. Gorkavyi. Physics of Planetary Rings: Celestial Mechanics of Continuous Media (Astronomy and Astrophysics Library). Springer, 1999.
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27
Hockenberry, Matthew, Nicole Starosielski, and Susan Zieger, eds. Assembly Codes. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478013037.
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The contributors to Assembly Codes examine how media and logistics set the conditions for the circulation of information and culture. They document how logistics—the techniques of organizing and coordinating the movement of materials, bodies, and information—has substantially impacted the production, distribution, and consumption of media. At the same time, physical media, such as paperwork, along with media technologies ranging from phone systems to software are central to the operations of logistics. The contributors interrogate topics ranging from the logistics of film production and the construction of internet infrastructure to the environmental impact of the creation, distribution, and sale of vinyl records. They also reveal how logistical technologies have generated new aesthetic and performative practices. In charting the specific points of contact, dependence, and friction between media and logistics, Assembly Codes demonstrates that media and logistics are co-constitutive and that one cannot be understood apart from the other. Contributors Ebony Coletu, Kay Dickinson, Stefano Harney, Matthew Hockenberry, Tung-Hui Hu, Shannon Mattern, Fred Moten, Michael Palm, Ned Rossiter, Nicole Starosielski, Liam Cole Young, Susan Zieger
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McDevitt, Michael. Where Ideas Go to Die. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869953.001.0001.
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Where Ideas Go to Die explores the troubled relationship of US journalism and intellect. A defender of common sense, the press is irked at intellect yet often dependent on its critical autonomy. A postwar observation from Richard Hofstadter applies to contemporary journalists: “Men do not rise in the morning, grin at themselves in their mirrors, and say: ‘Ah, today I shall torment an intellectual and strangle an idea!’ ” The book nevertheless documents the prowess of news media in policing intellect. Control extends beyond suppression of ideas and ways of thinking to the aggressive rendering of dissent into deviance. The social control of intellect by journalism is accompanied by social control of journalism in newsrooms and in classrooms where norms are cultivated. Anti-intellectualism consequently operates like dark matter in media, a presence inferred by its effects rather than directly observed or acknowledged. When journalists anticipate a punitive public, the reified resentment is no more real than the fiction of omnipotent citizens in democratic theory, yet the audience imagined compels how intellect is rendered in the news as nuisance, deviance, or object of ridicule. Journalism’s contribution to the social control of ideas is poignantly democratic: audiences are cast in consequential roles that affirm their wisdom in a closed, self-referential system. The book concludes with a discussion about what intellectual journalism would look like. Interviews with 25 “dangerous professors” demonstrate how alliances in the academic-media nexus can seed intellect in newswork.
29
Understanding new media: Augmented knowledge & culture. University of Calgary Press, 2006.
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30
Werber, Niels, and Maren Lickhardt. Systemtheoretische Literaturwissenschaft: Begriffe - Methoden - Anwendungen. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2011.
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31
The Cyborg Experiments: The Extensions of the Body in the Media Age (Technologies-Studies in Culture and Theory). Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002.
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32
The Cyborg Experiments: The Extensions of the Body in the Media Age (Technologies-Studies in Culture and Theory). Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002.
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33
Sas, Miryam. Feeling Media. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023098.
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In Feeling Media Miryam Sas explores the potentialities and limitations of media theory and media art in Japan. Opening media studies and affect theory up to a deeper engagement with works and theorists outside Euro-America, Sas offers a framework of analysis she calls the affective scale—the space where artists and theorists work between the level of the individual and larger global and historical shifts. She examines intermedia, experimental animation, and Marxist theories of the culture industries of the 1960s and 1970s in the work of artists and thinkers ranging from filmmaker Matsumoto Toshio, photographer Nakahira Takuma, and the Three Animators' Group to art critic Hanada Kiyoteru and landscape theorist Matsuda Masao. She also outlines how twenty-first-century Japanese artists—especially those responding to the Fukushima disaster—adopt and adapt this earlier work to reframe ideas about collectivity, community, and connectivity in the space between the individual and the system.
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Erkollar, Alptekin, ed. Enterprise & Business Management. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828872301.
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Organizations have always been dependent on communication, information, technology and their management. The development of information technology has sped up the importance of management information systems, which is an emerging discipline combining various aspects of informatics, information technology, and business management. Understanding the impact of information on today’s organizations requires technological and managerial views, which are both offered by management information systems. Business management is not only about generating greater returns and using new technologies for developing businesses to reach future goals. Business management also means generating better revenue performance if plans are diligently followed. It is part of business management to have an ear to the ground of global economic trends, changing environmental conditions and preferences, as well as the behavior of value chain partners. While, until now, business management and management information systems are mostly treated as independent fields, this publication takes an interest in the cooperation of the two. Its contributions focus on both research areas and practical approaches, in turn showing novelties in the area of enterprise and business management. Main topics covered in this book are technology management, software engineering, knowledge management, innovation management and social media management. This book adopts an international view, combines theory and practice, and is authored for researchers, lecturers, students as well as consultants and practitioners.
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Semantic Multimedia 4th International Conference On Semantic And Digital Media Technologies Samt 2009 Graz Austria December 24 2009 Proceedings. Springer, 2010.
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36
Thomas, Michael E. Optical Propagation in Linear Media. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091618.001.0001.
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A typical optical system is composed of three basic components: a source, a detector, and a medium in which the optical energy propagates. Many textbooks cover sources and detectors, but very few cover propagation in a comprehensive way, incorporating the latest progress in theory and experiment concerning the propagating medium. This book fulfills that need. It is the first comprehensive and self-contained book on this topic. It is useful reference book for researchers, and a textbook for courses like Laser Light Propagation, Solid State Optics, and Optical Propagation in the Atmosphere.
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Gross, Peter. Cultural Core of Media Systems. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978728639.
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This book offers an alternative perspective to the reigning socio-political and economic approaches to evaluating media systems and why and how they function. Peter Gross outlines a cultural model, a "kaleidoscopic cultural prism," for assessing the nature and functioning of these systems. By testing this model in one Eastern European country, Romania, Gross contributes to existing scholarship on media theory, media and transformation, East and Central European media, Romanian media, and East and Central European transformations in general. Awareness of the inherent negatives in the cultural bricolage accumulated over the centuries while Romanians lived under physical, administrative, and ideological dominance of various empires is increasingly sown among the new generations. This reality makes a culture-driven understanding of Romania’s media system even more urgent and meaningful for comprehending the evolving transformation. Scholars of communication, media studies, and Eastern European studies will find this book of particular interest.
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Owen, Charles B., and Fillia Makedon. Computed Synchronization for Multimedia Applications (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science). Springer, 1999.
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39
Forero Montoya, Betsy. Foreign Otherness in Japanese Media. Exploring the Japanese self through the images of Latin America. Ediciones Uniandes, 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.51566/ceper2117_55.
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Foreign Otherness in Japanese Media analyzes contemporary Japanese society by examining the ways in which Japanese media portrays Latin America and therefore how Japanese readers construct their idea of it. Offering a detailed methodology and results from field research, and based on concepts such as otherness, cultivation analysis and the theory of the autopoietic social system as a framework, this book considers the impact of mass media on the construction of non-dominant foreign cultural subjectivities in Japan, and explores the dynamics of otherness in the country. As such, it is apt for scholars in Japanese studies, media studies, and anyone interested in the interaction between foreigners or Latin Americans and Japan, or in relations between mainstream society and minority groups.
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Lawson, Stephanie. 16. Critical Approaches to Global Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0017.
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This chapter examines seven critical approaches to global politics: Marxism, Critical Theory, constructivism, feminism, postmodernism, postcolonial theory, and green theory. In their book The Manifesto of the Communist Party, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels address the implications for global order of the rise of capitalism and the role of the bourgeoisie as controllers of capital. Their ideas have had a major influence on critical approaches to virtually all aspects of both domestic and global politics. The chapter considers some major strands of Marxist-influenced theory of direct relevance to global politics, including dependency theory, world-system theory, Gramscian theory, and Frankfurt School theory. It also discusses gender theory and compares postmodern/poststructural approaches to global politics with Critical Theory and constructivism in International Relations.
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van der Hulst, Harry. Summary and areas for further research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813576.003.0011.
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This chapter summarizes the theory and the typology of the vowel harmony systems it predicts. The summary recaptures the simple idea that formed the beginning of the theory (including the use of variable elements and licensing) and then summarizes how the use of variable elements was extended to include both vowels that alternate harmonically and neutral vowels. A special section is devoted to the notion of system dependency which discusses cases of parasitic harmony, including approaches that extend this notion beyond the cases that have been analyzed in this book. The chapter concludes with suggestions for further research.
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Dube, Opha Pauline. Climate Policy and Governance across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.605.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.Africa, a continent with the largest number of countries falling under the category of Least Developed Countries (LDCs), remains highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture that suffers from low intake of water, exacerbating the vulnerability to climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. The increasing frequency and severity of climate extremes impose major strains on the economies of these countries. The loss of livelihoods due to interaction of climate change with existing stressors is elevating internal and cross-border migration. The continent is experiencing rapid urbanization, and its cities represent the most vulnerable locations to climate change due in part to incapacitated local governance. Overall, the institutional capacity to coordinate, regulate, and facilitate development in Africa is weak. The general public is less empowered to hold government accountable. The rule of law, media, and other watchdog organizations, and systems of checks and balances are constrained in different ways, contributing to poor governance and resulting in low capacity to respond to climate risks.As a result, climate policy and governance are inseparable in Africa, and capacitating the government is as essential as establishing climate policy. With the highest level of vulnerability to climate change compared with the rest of the world, governance in Africa is pivotal in crafting and implementing viable climate policies.It is indisputable that African climate policy should focus first and foremost on adaptation to climate change. It is pertinent, therefore, to assess Africa’s governance ability to identify and address the continent’s needs for adaptation. One key aspect of effective climate policy is access to up-to-date and contextually relevant information that encompasses indigenous knowledge. African countries have endeavored to meet international requirements for reports such as the National Communications on Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerabilities and the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). However, the capacity to deliver on-time quality reports is lacking; also the implementation, in particular integration of adaptation plans into the overall development agenda, remains a challenge. There are a few successes, but overall adaptation operates mainly at project level. Furthermore, the capacity to access and effectively utilize availed international resources, such as extra funding or technology transfer, is limited in Africa.While the continent is an insignificant source of emissions on a global scale, a more forward looking climate policy would require integrating adaptation with mitigation to put in place a foundation for transformation of the development agenda, towards a low carbon driven economy. Such a futuristic approach calls for a comprehensive and robust climate policy governance that goes beyond climate to embrace the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Both governance and climate policy in Africa will need to be viewed broadly, encompassing the process of globalization, which has paved the way to a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. The question is, what should be the focus of climate policy and governance across Africa under the Anthropocene era?
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Pollack, Detlef, and Gergely Rosta. Patterns and Determinants of Religious Change in the Modern Period. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801665.003.0020.
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Chapter 14 does not design a general theory of religious change, but develops a multiple theoretical perspective including various theoretical elements, which are instrumental for explaining religious changes and which can be combined flexibly. In brief, they are: 1. Functional differentiation as a rule stands in a strained relationship to the integrational capacity of religious communities and churches. If, however, religious identities are linked with non-religious, for example, political, national, or economic interests, religion and church are strengthened. 2. Processes of individualization mostly have an erosive impact on religious ties. 3. In contrast to the assumptions of the market model, religious pluralism does not foster religious vitality, but actually inhibits it. In the case of conflict, though, religious diversity can fuel religious passions. Other determining factors such as government regulations of the religious sector, state spending on the welfare system, social inequality, immigration, and path dependency are also taken into account.
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Horta, Ana, and Anabela Carvalho. Climate Change Communication in Portugal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.599.
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In Portugal, global politics tend to dominate climate change communication. Policy-oriented news stories prevail, being very much influenced by international events, dynamics, and actors, especially European ones, whereas national politicians and officials tend to be given less space. Climate change is thus mainly (re)presented as a global issue, distant from local realities, in spite of the vulnerabilities that the country faces. National policy makers tend to adopt a technocratic discourse that comes across as “rational” and fairly optimistic, with little contestation by environmental groups or others. A “green economy” discourse has prevailed in the media, with investment on renewable energy being depicted as the way to both stimulating the economy and addressing climate change. Scientific knowledge tends to be represented as consensual and national scientists tend to avoid dramatization. Although public opinion surveys have shown that the population considers climate change a serious problem and skepticism regarding its anthropogenic causes is low, surveys have also revealed high levels of ignorance and self-evaluated lack of information. In spite of a traditionally weak environmental movement and lack of public engagement, the population has shown a consistent sense of collective responsibility to tackle climate change. The economic and financial crisis up until the mid-2010s considerably affected the already fragile media system and turned political and public attention to economy-related topics. News coverage of climate change, in all its complexity, has been constrained by a lack of specialized reporters and increased dependency on the pro-activity of news sources.
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Grubb, Jonathan A., and Chad Posick, eds. Crime TV. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804368.001.0001.
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As media consumption in modern society has expanded, along with the number of outlets by which individuals consume media, there is an ever-growing body of popular television shows that underscore ideas related to criminological theory as well as the criminal justice system. Crime TV provides an examination of criminological theory as well as the criminal justice system as manifested in popular television shows. The contributions to the volume approach these issues from a variety of angles. Some center on classical, positivist, and social structural theories such as techniques of neutralization, labeling theory, and social bonds, using shows including Archer, Criminal Minds, 13 Reasons Why, Breaking Bad, and The Fall. Others highlight critical and cultural criminological frameworks such as radical feminism and conflict theory through shows including The Walking Dead, Mr. Robot, Homeland, The Defenders, It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia, and The Handmaid’s Tale. Finally, several address the criminal justice system and crime through shows including Game of Thrones, American Crime, Westworld, Black Mirror, and Follow the Money. The specific benefits of the current volume are multifaceted. First, it can be used as a pedagogical tool to attract students to criminological theory and the criminal justice system. Second, as a significant proportion of students have access to streaming services, the shows exemplified in the text are generally accessible to them. Third, the volume highlights information pertaining to the criminal justice system and criminological theory commonly misconstrued in pop culture.
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Buhler, James. Theories of the Soundtrack. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371075.001.0001.
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This book is concerned with summarizing and critiquing theories of the soundtrack from roughly 1929 until today. A theory of the soundtrack is concerned with what belongs to it, how it is effectively organized, how its status in a multimedia object affects the nature of the object, the tools available for its analysis, and the interpretive regime that the theory mandates for determining the meaning, sense, and structure that sound and music bring to film and other audiovisual media. Beyond that, a theory may also delineate the range of possible uses of sound (and music), classify the types of relations that films have used for image and sound, identify the central problems, and reflect on and describe effective uses of sound in film. This book does not provide an exhaustive historical survey but rather sketches out the range of theoretical approaches that have been applied to the soundtrack over time. For each approach, it presents the basic theoretical framework, considers explicit and implicit claims about the soundtrack, and then works to open the theories to new questions about film sound, often by putting the theories into dialogue with one another. The organization is both chronological and topical: the former in that the chapters move steadily from early film theory through models of the classical system to more recent critical theories; the latter in that the chapters highlight central issues for each generation: the problem of film itself, then of image and sound, then of adequate analytical-descriptive models, and finally of critical-interpretative models.
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Bächtiger, Andre, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.001.0001.
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Deliberative democracy has been the main game in contemporary political theory for two decades and has grown enormously in size and importance in political science and many other disciplines, and in political practice. The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy takes stock of deliberative democracy as a research field, as well as exploring and creating links with multiple disciplines and policy practice around the globe. It provides a concise history of deliberative ideals in political thought while also discussing their philosophical origins. It locates deliberation in a political system with different spaces, publics, and venues, including parliament and courts but also governance networks, protests, mini-publics, old and new media, and everyday talk. It documents the intersections of deliberative ideals with contemporary political theory, involving epistemology, representation, constitutionalism, justice, and multiculturalism. It explores the intersections of deliberative democracy with major research fields in the social sciences and law, including social and rational choice theory, communications, psychology, sociology, international relations, framing approaches, policy analysis, planning, democratization, and methodology. It engages with practical applications, mapping deliberation as a reform movement and as a device for conflict resolution. It documents the practice and study of deliberative democracy around the world, in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Europe, and global governance. And it provides reflections on the field by pioneering thinkers.
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McAnany, Emile G. Globalization, Discourse, and Development Communication. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036774.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in crafting the modernization-diffusion paradigm and making it a dominant theory in the field of communication for development (c4d). It first provides a background on how UNESCO got into the communication business before explaining how the modernization-diffusion paradigm reached a wider audience by relating it to the nature of the UN system as an early form of globalization. It then discusses how UNESCO helped to define and then implement the paradigm by focusing on one of its major media projects to illustrate how practice and theory are mutually reinforcing: the use of radio, as a mass communication medium, in combination with the power of group discussion in promoting change in rural India. This chapter shows that institutions—in this case, UNESCO—play an important role in the development of a paradigm and its diffusion.
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Kenny, Paul D. Populism and Patronage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807872.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Populist rule is bad for democracy, yet in country after country, populists are being voted into office. Populism and Patronage shows that the populists such as Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi win elections when the institutionalized ties between non-populist parties and voters decay. Yet, the explanations for this decay differ across different types of party system. Populism and Patronage focuses on the particular vulnerability of patronage-based party systems to populism. Patronage-based systems are ones in which parties depend on the distribution of patronage through a network of brokers to mobilize voters. Drawing on principal agent theory and social network theory, this book argues that an increase in broker autonomy weakens the ties between patronage parties and voters, making the latter available for direct mobilization by populists. Decentralization is thus a major factor behind populist success in patronage democracies. Populists exploit the breakdown in national patronage networks by connecting directly with the people through the media and mass rallies, avoiding or minimizing the use of deeply institutionalized party structures. Mrs Gandhi herself famously promised to go “once more direct to the people” in her populist election campaign of 1971. This book not only reinterprets the recurrent appeal of populism in India, but also offers a more general theory of populist electoral support that is tested using qualitative and quantitative data on cases from across Asia and around the world, including Indonesia, Japan, Venezuela, and Peru.
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Greenberg, Jayne D., and Judy L. LoBianco. Organization and Administration of Physical Education. Human Kinetics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718222724.
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Two SHAPE America Physical Education Administrators of the Year share what it takes to be an outstanding administrator in Organization and Administration of Physical Education: Theory and Practice. Jayne Greenberg and Judy LoBianco, veteran leaders in the field with decades of successful administration experience, head a sterling list of contributors who have taught at the elementary, middle school, high school, and college levels in urban, suburban, and rural settings. Together, these contributors expound on the roles and responsibilities of physical education administrators through both theoretical and practical lenses. The result is a book that will be highly useful to undergraduate students looking to enter the field, as well as a resource for administrators in physical education leadership positions who are looking to acquire new skills and innovative ideas in each of the five areas of responsibility covered in the book. Part I covers leadership, organization, and planning. It explores leadership and management styles and presents practical theories of motivation, development, and planning. It also looks at how to plan for the essential components of an effective, quality physical education program. In part II, readers examine various curriculum and instruction models and navigate through curriculum theory and mapping. This section also offers guidance on planning events, including special programs and fundraising projects, and how to build a team and secure community connections for those special events. Part III helps administrators plan and design new school sites or renovate existing ones, and it presents contemporary concepts in universal design and sustainable environmental design. It also offers ideas on how to incorporate technology to meet the needs of 21st-century learners, including the use of social media and robotics in delivering instruction and communication. Part IV explores written, verbal, and electronic communication issues, as well as legal and human resource issues. Administrators learn how to lobby and advocate for physical education, how the legal system affects schools, and how to examine personnel issues, bullying, and harassment. Part V explains the fiscal responsibilities inherent in administrative positions, including budgeting, bidding, and purchasing. It also shows how administrators can secure funding independent of district or local funding, offering many examples of grants and fundraising opportunities with sample grant applications. Throughout the text, special features―Advice From the Field and Leadership in Action―share tips, nuggets of wisdom, and examples of administrators excelling in their various responsibilities. The book also comes with many practical examples of forms that are useful in carrying out responsibilities, and each chapter offers objectives, a list of key concepts, and review questions to facilitate the learning. In addition, the text has related online resources consisting of supportive materials and documents. Organization and Administration of Physical Education: Theory and Practice, published with SHAPE America, offers the solid foundational theory that administrators need and shows how to put that theory into daily practice.