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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Median strips. Traffic safety. Traffic accidents

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Academic literature on the topic 'Median strips. Traffic safety. Traffic accidents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Median strips. Traffic safety. Traffic accidents"

1

Prentkovskis, Olegas, Jurijus Tretjakovas, Audrius Švedas, Andrii Bieliatynskyi, Alfonsas Daniunas, and Kateryna Krayushkina. "THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEFORMATION STATE OF THE DOUBLE-WAVE GUARDRAIL MOUNTED ON BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS OF THE MOTOR ROADS IN LITHUANIA AND UKRAINE." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 5 (September 28, 2012): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.731252.

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Traffic safety mainly depends on vehicles, pedestrians and road infrastructure. On highways, the heaviest traffic accidents are associated with crossing of the dividing strips by a vehicle and its collision with side obstacles on the junction or road bridge exit. These accidents often occur, when vehicles, running at a high speed, collide with obstacles, which may cause human injuries. In such cases, the probability of fatalities or heavy injuries to people in a traffic accident is very high. Road traffic infrastructure plays an important part in ensuring traffic safety on urban roads and highways. It includes guardrails, speed bumps, pedestrian safety islands, traffic regulation systems, road information infrastructure, etc. Guardrail (known as civil engineering element and traffic safety element) installation may help to reduce the number of human injuries and fatalities caused by traffic accidents. Guardrails of various types are installed on the roads of Lithuania and Ukraine. Guardrails, consisting of metal posts of the profile Σ and a protective beam of the profile W, i.e. ‘double-wave guardrails’, are among the most commonly used ones. The authors of this paper present the analysis of the deformation state of a double-wave guardrail (describing the strains and stresses of its elements).

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2

Bonneson, James A., and Patrick T. Mccoy. "Effect of Median Treatment on Urban Arterial Safety: An Accident Prediction Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1581, no. 1 (January 1997): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1581-04.

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The development of a model for predicting the safety of an urban arterial street with a specified median treatment is described. The median treatments considered are raised-curb median, two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL), and undivided cross section. The model calibration was based on maximum-likelihood techniques, an assumed negative binomial distribution of the residuals, and a nonlinear relationship between accident frequency and daily traffic demand and segment length. Several conclusions were formulated on the basis of the model developed. One conclusion is that average daily traffic demand, driveway density, unsignalized public street approach density, median type, and adjacent land use are significantly correlated with accident frequency. In general, accidents are more frequent on street segments with higher traffic demands, driveway densities, or public street densities. Accidents are also more frequent when the land use is business or office as opposed to residential or industrial. The undivided cross section was shown to have a significantly higher accident frequency than the TWLTL or raisedcurb median treatment when parallel parking is allowed on the undivided street. When there is no parking allowed on either type of street, the difference between the undivided, TWLTL, and raised-curb median treatments is less distinct; however, the raised-curb median treatment tends to yield the lowest accident frequency in most situations.

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3

Upaphong, Phit, Pongsant Supreeyathitikul, and Janejit Choovuthayakorn. "Open Globe Injuries Related to Traffic Accidents: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629589.

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Purpose. To evaluate epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients sustained traffic-related open globe injury (OGI). Methods. The medical records of all OGI patients who were admitted in a tertiary referral center from January 2006 to December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Then, the records of injuries related to traffic accidents were identified and reviewed in detail. Results. Among the overall causes of OGI, traffic-related accidents comprised 92/978 (9%) of cases. Nearly half of the injuries (51%) occurred in the 20–39-year-old group and 59% involved automobile transportation. Globe rupture occurred in 48 (47%) eyes. Following treatments, LogMAR visual acuity (VA) significantly improved from a median (interquartile range) of 2.3 (1.9–2.3) to 1.7 (0.3–3.0), at the final appointment. Presence of relative afferent pupillary defect and presence of retinal detachment were predictors for poor final visual outcomes. Conclusions. Traffic-related OGI had a high prevalence in the young. The risky transportation modes were motorcycles in teenagers and automobiles in young adults. Despite treatment, there was a considerable proportion of impaired final VA. This information could help establish effective safety education and encourage regular adherence to road safety behaviors in the high-risk groups.

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Yücel, Ayhan, Ali Atahan, Turan Arslan, and Umur Sevim. "Traffic Safety at Median Ditches: Steel vs. Concrete Barrier Performance Comparison Using Computer Simulation." Safety 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety4040050.

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In Turkey, concrete V-shaped ditches are formed at the median section of divided highways to provide drainage. Recent accidents show that these ditches actually present safety risks to vehicles entering the medians. Vehicles either cross over the ditch, roll over, or become trapped in the ditch, depending upon the mass, size, speed, and angle of the entering vehicle. To overcome this safety risk and reduce the severity of these accidents, longitudinal barriers are installed along these ditches. Currently, in Turkey, steel barriers are extensively used to improve traffic safety at median ditches. In this paper, the crash performances of steel and concrete barriers used at medians with ditches are compared. A model of a standard steel EDSP-1.33 barrier and a model of a newly developed concrete C470 barrier were constructed, and impact simulations were performed for when they are installed at a ditch slope break point. A nonlinear finite element program, LS-DYNA, was used for the analysis. A 13,000 kg bus model was used to impact both barriers in accordance with European standard requirements for crash tests. Simulation results show that when the steel EDSP-1.33 barrier is used, the bus has the potential for excessive penetration of the ditch, with significant barrier deformation. Moreover, the barrier damage is extensive, resulting in increased maintenance costs. On the other hand, the concrete C470 barrier successfully contains and redirects the 13,000 kg bus impact, with minimal barrier deformation and safety risk. Even though the concrete barrier slides toward the inside of the ditch, the bus does not enter the ditch area and exits the barrier in a stable manner. Therefore, to increase traffic safety at ditches located at the median section of divided highways in Turkey, utilization of the newly developed concrete barrier C470 is recommended.

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Deac, Cristian, and Lucian Tarnu. "Considerations on the role of modernizing the road infrastructure in the prevention of road accidents." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929006004.

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The realizing and improvement of road infrastructure, of modern road networks provides normal, safe and pleasant road traffic conditions and also help prevent road accidents. The road network, with its constructive characteristics, has to offer optimal conditions for the movement of vehicles, pedestrians and other categories of participants in the road traffic. Starting from the case study of a road sector with heavy road traffic, the current paper analyzes the increase in road safety in Romanian localities along European and national roads through the implementation of specific measures such as setting up sidewalks, installing New Jersey median barriers, expanding the road sectors with 2+1 lanes, replacing normal pedestrian crossings with elevated crossings or with pedestrian crossing with mid-road waiting areas etc.

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Slam, Hajra, and Yasar Mahmood. "Contributory Factors of Traffic Accidents in Lahore Using Generalized Linear Models (GLM)." NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24949/njes.v12i1.506.

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The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and limitations with objectives to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. The present study aims to explore geometric design and other factors which cause of accidents in Lahore. Data is collected from TEPA (Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency), NESPAK (National Engineering Services Pakistan), CTP (City Traffic Police) and Rescue 1122 over a period of 3 years. Two phase sampling technique has been used. Data is carried out about demographic information, physical characteristics and geometric design of roads. All registered 356 traffic accidents have been used on Ferozpur Road, Multan Road, Canal Bank Road and Grand Trunk in Lahore. Poisson regression and negative binomial regression are discussed in this research. SPSS and R Language are used for analysis. The results show that most of accidents occur at office off timing and fatal due to reckless driving and over speeding. Mostly, cars and tralala hit the bikes and Pedestrians. The Poisson regression model gives good description of number of accidents depends on various explanatory variables. Number of lanes, type of locations and roadway light are statistically significant. Narrow Shoulder width (m), Median Width (m) and Lane width (m) increase accident occurrence. Three lanes and larger road structures increase accidents. Numbers of accident increase when Roadway, type of locations, roadway light and traffic control signals decrease.

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Levinson, Herbert S., Ingrid B. Potts, Douglas W. Harwood, Jerome Gluck, and Darren J. Torbic. "Safety of U-Turns at Unsignalized Median Openings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1912, no. 1 (January 2005): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191200109.

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Many state and local transportation agencies install nontraversable medians on multilane highways to improve safety and travel times and to manage local access better. While nontraversable medians restrict direct left-turn access to and from adjacent developments, traffic destined for these locations must use alternate routes, some of which may involve making U-turns at nearby median openings–-a movement often referred to as an indirect left turn. Until recently, the safety effects of increased U-turn volumes have been largely unknown. NCHRP Project 17–21, Safety of U-Turns at Unsignalized Median Openings, documented the safety performance and operational effects of U-turns at median openings. This paper presents the key findings from that research. It presents a summary of key literature and current highway agency practice related to median openings, a detailed classification scheme for median openings, and a summary of the results of comprehensive field studies. The research results indicate that access management strategies that increase U-turn volumes at unsignalized median openings can be used safely and effectively. Analysis of accident data found that accidents related to U-turn and left-turn maneuvers at unsignalized median openings occur infrequently. In urban arterial corridors, unsignalized median openings experienced an average of 0.41 U-turn-plus-left-turn accidents per median opening per year. In rural arterial corridors, unsignalized median openings experienced an average of 0.20 U-turn-plus-left-turn accidents per median opening per year. On the basis of these limited accident frequencies, there is no indication that U-turns at unsignalized median openings are a major safety concern.

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Bolla, Margareth E., Tri Mardiyati Sir, and Putri D. K. Djahamouw. "Motorcycle accident modelling for the formulation of motorist safety action programs in Kupang City." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927003017.

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Kupang city had to deal with transport safety issues where the total number of traffic accidents in 2017 increased by 51.05% compared to 2011. This study aims to describe and analyze the factors that affect motorcycle accidents through modelling by the method of Generalized Linear Models with Genstat and SPSS programm. Based on the results of the police report data summary, accidents most often occur on Sunday (15.95%); the time span at 18:00 to 23:59 pm (45.94%); type of hit the front (35.68%); victims died (12.19%), male sex (80.71%); age range 18-25 years (37.20%); with the level of education at the level of Higher Education (42.38%); worked in the private sector (37.75%); do not have a driver's license (75.43%). The results of the analysis of survey data obtained equation modelling accident MCA = 0,0006713* Flow 0.000275*exp [0.2144 LaneWidth - ShoulderWidth_Sidewalk 1.952 - 2.026 MedianRoad + 0.2139 Speed + 0.0513 Access]. Modelling results showed that the addition of total lane width decrease the number of motorcycle accidents by 10% per year, pavement by 6% per year, median by 13% per year, traffic flow by 3% per year, speed by 14% per year, access road by 2% per year. It is therefore recommended a program of action in the form of additional elements of the road medians and pavement on a road segment that the accident rate can be reduced.

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Natalia, Liana Fentani, and Ni Luh Putu Shinta Eka Setyarini. "AUDIT KESELAMATAN JALAN TOL KUNCIRAN-SERPONG." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 3, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v3i3.8387.

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The imbalance population and number of vehicles increasing from year to year with number of roads causing traffic jam. Build toll road is the government's effort to solve traffic jam. The construction of toll roads that carried out by Government is expected to be able reduce traffic jam on arterial roads but in reality does not reduce traffic jam even though traffic jam still exist on toll roads. Traffic jam causes stress and fatigue and can lead to traffic accidents. Indonesia has a much higher mortality rate compared to other countries. Traffic accidents are influenced by three main factors: human factors, vehicle factors, and road factors. To improve road safety and high number of deaths each year, it will carried out research by direct observation using the Road Safety Audit (RSA) form of the Kunciran-Serpong Toll Road. The result of this research by direct observation on Kunciran-Serpong Toll Road in general there are still many shortcomings, such as various types of road damage and pavement, there are no signs to bend to the left or right, the drainage system is not good on several roads, and the median is not good because not all segments get fenced.ABSTRAKKetidakseimbangan antara jumlah penduduk dan jumlah kendaraan yang dari tahun ke tahun semakin bertambah dengan ruas jalan yang ada hal tersebut menyebabkan kemacetan lalu lintas. Dengan membangun jalan tol adalah upaya pemerintah dalam menangani kemacetan. Pembangunan jalan tol yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah diharapkan untuk mampu mengurangi kemacetan yang terdapat di jalan arteri namun pada kenyataannya tidak mengurangi kemacetan bahkan jalan tol sekalipun mengalami kemacetan. Kemacetan menyebabkan stres dan lelah fisik dan pada akhirnya dapat mengakibatkan kecelakaan lalu lintas. Indonesia memiliki tingkat kematian yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya. Kecelakaan lalu lintas dipengaruhi tiga faktor utama yaitu faktor manusia, faktor kendaraan, dan faktor jalan. Dalam rangka upaya penyelamatan jalan dan banyaknya angka kematian setiap tahunnya dilakukanlah penelitian metode observasi langung dengan mengunakan formulir Audit Keselamatan Jalan (AKR) atau Road Safety Audit (RSA) pada ruas jalan Tol Kunciran-Serpong. Hasil penelitian metode observasi langung pada jalan Tol Kunciran-Serpong secara umum masih terdapat banyak kekurangan, seperti berbagau jenis kerusakan jalan dan perkerasan, tidak ada rambu peringatan tikungan ke kiri maupun ke kanan, sistem drainase yang kurang baik pada beberapa ruas jalan, dan median yang kurang baik karena tidak semua ruas mendapatkan pemagaran.

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Kumara, S. S. P., and H. C. Chin. "Application of Poisson Underreporting Model to Examine Crash Frequencies at Signalized Three-Legged Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1908, no. 1 (January 2005): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190800106.

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Before effective remedial treatments can be implemented at hazardous intersections, it is often necessary to identify the causal factors affecting accident frequency. However, a problem often encountered in safety studies is the underreporting of accidents. This biased reporting may affect the selection of the parsimonious model. This study analyzes the factors affecting road accident frequency at three-legged signalized intersection approaches in Singapore, with special emphasis to underreporting. The annual accidents at 104 three-legged signalized intersections are modeled as the sum of observed Poisson outcome of accident reports. The reporting mechanism is introduced as a probit equation. The model shows that several geometric, traffic, and traffic control factors significantly affected the accident occurrence. The total approach volumes, left-turn volumes, existence of unprotected left-turn slip roads, number of signal phases per cycle, use of permissive right-turning phase, and sites with sight distances less than 100 m or greater than 300 m appear to increase accident occurrence. However, the presence of right-turn channelization, provision of an acceleration section for left turning, existence of a surveillance camera, availability of median railings, and presence of an approach gradient greater than +5% may reduce the occurrence of intersection approach accidents. Moreover, the study shows that the reporting rate may drop because current law enforcement requires that only injury accidents and accidents at intersections in a residential area be reported.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Median strips. Traffic safety. Traffic accidents"

1

Lewis, Jeff S. "Assessing the Safety Impacts of Access Management Techniques." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1342.pdf.

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Sin, Jerome Ga Nok. "Safety impact study of centerline rumble strips in Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51775.

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Within the last decade, centerline rumble strips have become increasingly prevalent as a safety countermeasure on undivided roadways throughout the United States. Within the state of Georgia, nearly 200 miles of centerline rumble strips have been installed in an effort to address the severity and frequency of crashes involving the centerline. With several thousands of miles of new installations throughout the nation in the last decade, much literature on this subject is still being amassed. This paper will compile and summarize existing literature in order to provide a thorough overview of the latest information from around the United States regarding the safety, usage, and impacts of centerline rumble strips. Furthermore, this paper seeks to comprehensively determine the safety impacts of centerline rumble strips on undivided, rural highway facilities in the state of Georgia. This portion of the study will prepare an updated inventory of centerline rumble strip installations in Georgia and perform a before-after study using three methods: a direct before-after analysis, a comparison before-after analysis, and a comparative analysis. These analyses will incorporate data from crash databases, police records, and traffic records to produce results unique to Georgia. Lastly, this paper will determine the current status of centerline rumble strips and the potential short- and long-term safety, physical, and unintended effects of centerline rumble strips both in the state of Georgia and throughout the United States through a survey sent to all fifty state transportation agencies. Through literature compilation, safety analyses, and findings on the effects of centerline rumble strips, this paper will aid in the future of centerline rumble strips within Georgia and the United States.

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Books on the topic "Median strips. Traffic safety. Traffic accidents"

1

L, Moore Robert. The effect of plantings on median accidents. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Dept. of Transportation, Division of Traffic Operations, 1992.

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2

Gabler, Hampton Clay. Evaluation of cross median crashes: Final report. Trenton: New Jersey Dept. of Transportation, 2005.

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3

Bowman, Brian L. Investigation of the impact of medians on road users. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1994.

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4

Mak, King K. Identification of vehicular impact conditions associated with serious ran-off-road crashes. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2010.

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5

Harwood, Douglas W. Operational impacts of median width on larger vehicles. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2000.

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Clevenger, Anthony P. Highway median Impacts on Wildlife Movement and Mortality: State of the practice survey and gap analysis : final report. Sacramento, Calif.: California Dept. of Transportation, 2006.

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7

Fang, Howie. Recommendations for placement of cable median barriers on 6:1 and 4:1 sloped medians with horizontal curvatures: Final report. Raleigh]: North Carolina Department of Transportation, Research and Analysis Group, 2012.

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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety. Roadside design guide. Washington, D.C: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 1989.

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9

Roadside design guide. Washington, D.C: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2002.

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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety. Roadside design guide. Washington, D.C: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 1989.

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