Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médias et adolescents'
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Bissa, Cécile. "Les medias audiovisuels et les adolescents au Cameroun : étude comparée de l'impact en milieu urbain et rural." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020082.
Full textThis study of the influence of audiovisual media on teenagers from urban and rural centers of cameroon was based on the assumption that when people come in contact with the media, if they have a cultural background of their own, these will have less important impact on them. A survey was carried out amont them, aimed at knowing what kind of relationship they have with the media on the one hand, and with traditionnal values on the other. Bearing in mind that some areas of cameroon are considered more culturally rooted in the traditions than others, the sample including youngsters from both types of cultural encironments. Its appears that young cameroonians are generally heavy consumers of television and radio, and they tend to refer to them in making their decisions. In comparison, they don't seem to be very much attracted by traditions. This situation is worse in urban centers where it has become natural to adopt fashions from abroad. Nevertheless, there are still some youngsters who do not reject the whole of cultural tradition. These are mostly teenagers from rural areas, as well as from regions like bafoussam, and ngaoundere, where people have remainded very close to their cultural values. Considering the fact that those traditional cultural values are duying bits by bits, there is a fear that in a short while, many young cameroonians will lack the background they need to face the pernicious influence of the media. It is a fact, that the media, as a wonderfull tool for the modern society, can hardly be done without. We therfore suggest that both cultures be given equal chances, fro, they are equally useful
Pechikoff, Stéphanie. "L' adolescent et son environnement : pour une approche transitionnelle de l'événement pubertaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A126.
Full textPastorino, Agnese. "Médias audiovisuels et contenus sexuels en ligne à l'adolescence : enjeux politiques en Europe." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB244.
Full textAudiovisual media expose adolescents to the vision of sexual contents on the Internet. Within public debate, online availability of material « likely to harm » or « seriously harming » children generates forms of moral panic. A major concern derives from sexual risks, such as pornography, sexting and child-pornography. At the European political-institutional level, the measures implemented are based on auto-regulatory, co-regulatory and regulatory solutions. Among these initiatives, the most important ones have been the Safer Internet programme and two directives respectively focused on children protection with regards to Audiovisual Media Services (2010/13/UE) and on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (2011/92/UE). Methodologically, the thesis analyzes 45 debates of the European Parliament which dealt with these issues between 2001 and 2016. This corpus has been examined through an original quali-quantitative protocol, with a content analysis and the Alceste method applied via the softwares ATLAS.ti and IRaMuTeQ. This work wishes to contribute to research on audiovisual media, online sexual contents, adolescents and children, by proposing an original point of view on European policy. The main hypothesis has been that European parliamentary debates are limited in terms of representativeness of national cultures; starting from this premise, several aspects have been surveyed, either juridical, scientific, ethical and political issues. The main results respectively refer to different elements: 1. the variety of political-juridical interpretations of some concepts and the definitions of a few terms, besides the study of some juridical principles involved (fourth chapter); 2. the descriptions of online audiovisual sexual risks and the difficulties of European policy retrieved within parliamentary debates (fifth chapter); 3. the limits of European scientific knowledge in terms of representativeness of national culture, through the analysis of mentioned statistical data and studies (sixth chapter); 4. the multiplicity of ethical considerations, even based on different national cultures (seventh chapter); 5. the choice to favor self-regulatory measures (eight chapter)
I media audiovisivi espongono gli adolescenti alla visione di contenuti sessuali sulla Rete. Nel dibattito pubblico, la disponibilità online di materiale « potenzialmente » o « gravemente nocivo » per i bambini suscita delle forme di panico morale. Una preoccupazione maggiore deriva dai rischi di natura sessuale, quali la pornografia, il sexting e la pedo-pornografia. Sul piano politico-istituzionale europeo, le misure implementate si basano su soluzioni di autoregolamentazione, co-regolamentazione e regolamentazione. Tra queste iniziative, le più importanti sono state il programma Safer Internet e le due direttive rispettivamente dedicate alla protezione dei minori rispetto ai Servizi dei media audiovisivi (2010/13/UE) e la lotta contro l'abuso e lo sfruttamento sessuale dei bambini, così come la pornografia minorile (2011/92/UE). Sul piano metodologico, la tesi è basata sull'analisi di 45 dibattiti del Parlamento europeo che hanno trattato queste questioni tra il 2001 e il 2016. Il corpus è stato esaminato mediante un protocollo quali-quantitativo originale, con un'analisi del contenuto e il metodo Alceste, applicati mediante i programmi ATLAS.ti e IRaMuTeQ. La tesi desidera contribuire alla ricerca sui media audiovisivi, i contenuti sessuali online, gli adolescenti e i bambini, proponendo un punto di vista originale sulle questioni politiche europee. L'ipotesi principale è stata che i dibattiti parlamentari europei siano limitati in termini di rappresentatività delle culture nazionali ; a partire da questo presupposto, abbiamo indagato diversi livelli implicati : giuridico, scientifico, etico e politico. I principali risultati si riferiscono rispettivamente a questi diversi elementi : 1. la varietà delle interpretazioni politico-giuridiche di alcuni concetti e delle definizioni di alcuni termini, oltre che lo studio dei principi giuridici implicati (quarto capitolo) ; 2. le descrizioni dei rischi audiovisivi sessuali online e le difficoltà della politica europea rilevati nei dibattiti parlamentari (quinto capitolo) ; 3. i limiti del sapere scientifico europeo in termini di rappresentatività delle culture nazionali, attraverso l'analisi dei dati statistici e degli studi citati (sesto capitolo) ; 4. la molteplicità delle considerazioni etiche, anche sulla base delle diverse culture nazionali degli oratori (settimo capitolo) ; 5. la scelta di privilegiare delle misure auto-regolamentarie (ottavo capitolo)
Ferreira, Da Silva Marina. "Les placements de produits dans les séries télévisées et les jeux vidéo : des marqueurs de la culture adolescente." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUED007.
Full textInformed and rational consumers, experts in marketing, teenagers represent a particular target which brings announcers to review their communication strategies. Product placement seems to have an important postion among the favorite methods to communicate with them particularly in sitcoms and videogames, important leisures in their daily. Each medium offers different experiences of which brands will attempt to take advantage of. His thesis study teenagers's responses to product placements in this two mediums, using consumption experience as frame of analysis. In this order, it uses different qualitative data collections : experts of product placement interviews, netnography, individual interviews and focus group with teenagers. Finally, product placement in sitcoms and videogames appear as an interresting mean to communicate toward the young target. If experts consider the pratice through cognitive logical, teenager brand culture as well as medium consumption experiences seems to have to be integrated in their reflexions about product placement
Brami, Florence. "L' estime du corps chez les préadolescents et les adolescents : le rôle de la puberté et des modèles socioculturels." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100011.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to determine effects of pubertal development and societal standards of beauty on preadolescents and adolescents’ body esteem. Therefore, we tried to clarify body esteem concept, in order to work on its multidimensional aspect. Then, we studied the evolution of body esteem’s dimensions with age and gender of subjects. Finally, we attempted to identify the contribution of pubertal development and internalization of media ideals in adolescents’ body esteem. Self-rating oriented questionnaires have been submitted to 963 pre-adolescents and adolescents, aged 9 to 19, in several French schools. Results show that body esteem and internalization of societal beauty standards are changing with age and pubertal maturation level and timing. Through puberty maturation process, girls and boys showed less satisfaction with their physical appearance. During this phase, their level of beauty standards internalization increased. Moreover, we noticed an effect of pubertal timing on body esteem and media models internalization. Gender and age effects on these two variables have been also underlined. Lastly, models internalization has been revealed as the main contributing factor in body esteem prediction. Pubertal variables and BMI are also involved. Appearance culture prevalence and adolescents’ prevention perspectives have been discussed
Michon, Bruno. "La culture religieuse des adolescents en France et en Allemagne : des connaissances aux défis de l'exculturation, de la popularisation et de l'altérité." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1030.
Full textIn this work I aim at understanding the broad consensus on the topos of “the loss of religious knowledge among French teenagers”. The research begins with an historical study on this topos. Then, I discuss the issue of the modality of construction, among French and German teenagers, of a "stock of knowledge" about religion. Thanks to a qualitative and quantitative study conducted by means of phenomenological oriented sociology, I have studied the individual knowledge on five different religions : Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism. This research brings to light that informal knowledge (medium, peers group) plays a more effective role than formal knowledge (school, family) in the teenagers contructed ideas about religion, and that this phenomenon works for French teenagers as well as for the Germans. Further, this work reveals the importance of a situation of religious plurality for the acquisition of knowledge about religion. Lastly, I have tried to understand the phenomenon of exculturation (the dissociation of the French and German mainstream culture from Christianity) with the help of the concept of popularization (dissolution of the boundaries between religiously marked and unmarked communication)
Mendome, Ntoma Max. "Transformations des pratiques d’information des jeunes français de 15-25 ans à l’ère numérique : impact des innovations technologiques sur les jeunes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0331/document.
Full textThis thesis on the analysis of information practices among the young population in France aims to show how their habits in research and information consumption (Journalistic) have evolved, have been transformed and modified with digital means. This is also a comparative study of the uses of means of access to information, establishing a contrast between so-called traditional media (television, radio and the printed press) and Internet. In this sense, much of our thinking is to try to know and understand how young people take ownership of the web as a communicative tool in a global comparison with other media. Does Digital information has caused a change in the information practices in everyday life? Our research has identified some changes in youth information practices: most of the information consumption is through Internet; they tend to neglect reading the newspapers in favour of online media because the information is there massively Free; Research and consumption of alternative news sites remain an extremely minority practice; The information practices of young people tend to mix entertainment and humorous topical information. Ultimately, this thesis has clarified the relation of youth to information, the way they inform online through digital media. It also helped to refute the idea that young people are no longer interested in news and politics. On the contrary, free information on the web, the ease and new ways of presenting information (entertainment news) have greatly expanded the ability of young people to know how the world around them
Bernard, Olivia. "La thématique de l'amour dans les blogs et journeaux collégiens et lycéens : dispositifs sociotechniques, contrats communicationnels et stratégies discursives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030121.
Full textThis thesis is about sociological and technical devices of communication. From the observation of mediatics practices from teenagers, and more specifically their enunciatives productions on two different devices, represented by blogs and newspapers produced at school, the comparison of language materiality enabled us to approach this corpus of utterances with a scientific process. The theme of love was retained as the more unifying to rally both devices and take an interest about teenagers’ productions. Our analyze made up some convergence points between these devices, reflecting the existence of discursive practices specific to teenagers, but it also rose some differences in terms of discursive conditions, enabling to approach the communicative specific practices related to each situation, according to the constrains and possibilities offered by each device. The first part of analyze was dealing with speeches in terms of thematic and genre to see which kind was privileged on which device. The second part of analyze is more centered on enunciative specificities, by the analyze of acting configurations and enunciatives modalities.Thus, the newspaper is a device under institutional context, inspired by traditional models but also by awill of originality and a community dimension in order to strengthening ties between scholar collectivity. Blogs is a more opened space, giving the freedom of publication and privileging more individual discourses, more interactive, and more centered on blogger’s self-experience. Between semi-public and semi-private expression, the blog, as a personal space, helps identity and personal construction of teenagers.To conclude, our work highlights efficient practices of writing and reading from teenagers, more or less distant from traditional and scholar model, but which proves their willingness of expressing and spreading their discourses
Bahsoun, Hayfa. "L’impact des nouvelles technologies de communication écrite sur la production d’écrits des collégiens et lycéens francophones." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL104.
Full textWritten communication technologies and digital language are the keys that have opened the space for reflection on the impact of such technologies and type of language on the writings of francophone college and high school students. The age of these young people, which corresponds to the period of adolescence and its physiological transformation, as well as the emergence of technological evolution and the invasion of digital media (notably "the smartphone") played a role in the modification, at least partially, of the French language, particularly in the field of school writing. The act of writing is no longer considered as regulated, on the contrary, it has become oral-oriented, without rules, grouping together sound and writing and responding to the editorial desires of adolescents. On the other hand, certain variations in this new act of digital writing are not created from vacuum, they trace back to forms of writing formerly used in traditional writings, which constitutes one of the important points of the subject of our research. The impact of the use of digital tools on the quality of language, especially spelling, is often considered by the general public as harmful. In general, our object is defined through the studies carried out around this subject which did not affirm the absolute negativity of the new numerical language on the productions of writings of the students, which is why certain suggestions are indicated for better learning of language
Burgevin, Melissa. "Évaluation neuropsychologique et médico-sociale des adolescents et adultes porteurs d’un syndrome de Silver-Russell." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20049.
Full textIn France, rare diseases are a major public health issue with more than 3 million people affected by a rare disease. Because of their rare nature, these diseases generally suffer from limited knowledge. Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), a rare (epi)genetic disease characterized by pre- and post-natal growth retardation, is no exception to this observation. Indeed, although many advances have been made in recent years concerning medical knowledge of SRS, there are still gaps in the cognitive and psychosocial phenotype of individuals with this syndrome. This thesis, which is at the crossroads of medicine and psychology, has a double objective: on the one hand, to study the cognitive, psychological and behavioral characteristics of adolescents and adults with SRS (e.g., intellectual efficiency, executive functions, self-esteem) and, on the other hand, to identify the factors associated with these different characteristics (e.g., age, molecular anomaly). A total of 19 participants with SRS (8 adolescents and 11 adults), and 19 control participants took part in this research. The results of our studies show that participants with SRS have intellectual abilities similar to those of the general population. Cognitive and psychological difficulties were observed in our participants with SRS. However, these difficulties were not expressed in the same way in adolescents and adults with SRS. Links between the phenotype and genotype of the participants were also observed. These results offer a better understanding of SRS and open perspectives on SRS management
Duberga, Virginie. "Prise en charge administrative et rééducative des enfants et adolescents sourds par les organismes médico-socio-éducatifs." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25197.
Full textBese, Lucie. "Délinquance et mass média : enquête sur l'appréciation des conduites délictueuses par des adolescents scolarisés en Grèce et sur leur déliquance auto révélé en rapport avec leur consommation de mass média." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA131017.
Full textStudying the impact of mass communication means over the young receivers has been the starting point of a huge investigation within self-reported juvenile delinquency, judgments relevant to offence behaviors and reactions towards their authors. The survey concerns some 2369 schoolage adolescents from 14 to 17, of each sex, and living in two geographic regions of Greece mainly different as for their socio-economic level of development, namely Athens and Thrace. Results put forward that delinquency, moral extranormative estimations and mass media remain combined, not through a causality relationship but through a complementarity relationship. As far as adolescents are concerned and with regard to controlled socialization spaces such as family and school, mass media play a definite part in detachment, evasion, individuation and autonomization. As noticed among the delinquent adolescents, overconsumption of specific media may be pointed out as a punctual uneasiness for adolescents facing themselves and their social circle, as well as a complementary activity for derogatory behavior
Maïano, Christophe. "La pratique sportive : un support de valorisation pour les adolescents présentant des troubles du comportement ?" Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON14003.
Full textMartin, Cybèle. "Positionnement et contenu des médias face aux préadolescents au milieu des années 90 : une offre pertinente." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020072.
Full textLuemba, José. "Projet de vie et construction identitaire chez des adolescents en situation de handicap intellectuel scolarisés en institut médico-technique." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21012/document.
Full textThe identity disruption which occurs in the teenage years represents an inescapable stage in the development process of an individual. According to Erik H. Erikson's words, it is a "necessary turning point" even a "crisis". And yet, in that transformation period, adolescents with a handicap are particularly sensitive to often negative social representations and to stigmatising processes in Erving Goffman's sense of the word which may give way to "negative identity" phenomena or self-depreciation. The implementation of a life plan, including dealing with professional prospects, is suggested as a means to build up a personal identity. This thesis examines the content and conditions of it. In a definite temporality and a supportive environment, building a life plan both means building up one's identity, giving one's life a meaning and being able to make the most of it
Courtois, Robert. "Représentation du sida en France et au Congo : Connaissances, croyances, attitudes, inquiétudes et défenses." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28814.
Full textThis thesis tries to answer 2 objectives : 1) an intercultural analysis of AID's representation ; 2) a relation between its representations and sexual behaviours. After a pre-test in 1996, this study was made in France in 1997 with 1. 859 high-school pupils and with 550 others ones in 1998 in Congo. Results show that the french pupils present a very high level of knowledge, favourable attitudes and tolerance about people with AIDS. They show themselves generally worried and declare to be capable of adopting free risk behaviour. Congolese teenagers have also a good level of knowledge, but this one is coupled with misconceptions,with a decline of the favourable attitudes and blame of persons with HIV/AIDS. An exploratory factorial analysis conducted on their answers allows clearing 8 main measurements and 3 secondary dimensions. Theses data are confirmed by a confirmatory analysis which allows to constitute a questionnaire of small size (25 items) which is structured in 6 scales. Then, we analysed the sexual behaviours and risk taking. The results of the study highlight that the Congolese youngsters present more risk than their French homologues. The factorial analysis allows to draw 3 factorial dimensions in sexual behaviour : first one with low risk and two others with high risk. Before, we looked for their predictors using linear correlations and multiple regressions. At the end, we confronted these behaviours with AIDS's representations. Sellf-efficacy, favourable attitudes, tolerance, but also susceptibilities, are associated with the weakest risk. Knowledge allows the evaluation of sexual risk taking, but is not predictor of safe sexual behaviour
Picon, Ingrid. "Adolescence et déficience intellectuelle : approche clinique de jeunes accueillis en UPI ou en IMPro." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL622.
Full textVia a clinical approach, this thesis explores the adolescent life of young intellectualy disabled persons accomodated in IMPro or in UPI and the tools that allow to better understand this population. The analysis of the results shows that the young express their adolescence-linked desires but the resources and means at their disposal to cross this stage of life, are limited. Different factors can explain this situation in particular the social and educative environment with differences among UPI and IMPro. The adolescents show as well that they can actively influence their future development, as persons that cannot be reduced to the exclusive influence of external factors. The methodological reflections on their part have allowed to underline the importance and the interest of asking the young intellectually deficient about their life, but they also allow to place in front the difficulty to understand them through the instruments of research and classic clinical tools
Plante, Flavie. "Adolescences lycéennes à La Réunion. Stratégies identitaires et pratiques médiatiques." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0029.
Full textThis dissertation is about the role played by media practices in the identity construction of adolescent secondary school (lycée) students in La Réunion. Secondary school adolescence is considered here as a period of multiple changes during which young individuals learn to be part of this moment of life. The transformation for students from college to lycée goes via the realization of “intermediary finalities”: differentiation, negotiation and identification. Differentiation means taking a distance from other individuals (children, adults, parents, opposite sex). Negociation results from the adolescents ‘ willingness to compose with different elements which are forced upon then and which are parts of their identity. Finally, indentification marks the individuals ‘ desires to adopt codes and activities playing a part in the recognition of their identity. The analysis of interviews conducted with students from the fifth of secondary school (seconde) shows that these teenagers are inspired by their media practices to define “strategies of identity” which help them in the construction of their personal selves. This research observes that media practices are not the only agents for the definition of adolescence: cultural dynamics operating in the island are equally important factors. The thesis also questions the links which can be made between media practices and rites of passage
Lang, Marie-Ève. "La réception des textes de magazines à caractère sexuel chez les adolescentes au Québec et au Nouveau-Brunswick : adhésion, ignorance ou contestation?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20673.
Full textOlivari, Medina Cecilia. "L'acceptabilité de la rupture du secret médical pour la protection d'un tiers en danger de contracter une maladie sexuellement transmissible et pour la protection d'un adolescent consommateur de substances, vue par le public chilien." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20090.
Full textThe variables determining the breach of confidentiality were studied in two types of situations: a) the breach of confidentiality in order to protect a third party in risk of acquiring a STD (sexually transmitted disease) b) the breach of confidentiality in order to protect a teenager patient consuming drugs. Three hundred and fifty seven chilean persons judged the level of acceptability on the breach of confidentiality. In the case of the breach of confidentiality in order to protect a third party in risk of acquiring a STD, 207 participants replied to 48 fictitious situations considering 5 situational factors. A comparison between Chile and France is also done in this first study. In the case of the breach of confidentiality in order to protect a teenager patient consuming drugs, 150 participants replied to 64 proposed scenarios, which considered 6 situational factors. In both cases the fictitious situations represented a health professional breaching the confidentiality under specific circumstances. The participant then had to indicate how acceptable this decision was for him/her. The main finding is that the studied factors in each one of the situations have an influence in the acceptability judgment of the participants. The participants gave different weight to the variables in study. The inter-cultural comparison Chile- France showed coincident results in the majority of the cases with the exception of physicians where strong difference was found
Letoux, Charlène. "Trajectoires d’adolescents en obésité dans le Nord et Pas-De-Calais comme reflets du processus des inégalités et de la stigmatisation." Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUA005.
Full textOur study reports on how inequality and stigmatization may be visible, constructed and intertwined throughout the trajectory of obese adolescents enrolled in a therapeutic patient education program (TPE). We are helping to provide a new perspective on the issue of implementation and reception of medical norms transmitted during TPE programs by adopting an analysis in terms of disease "trajectories" to analyze different points of view: professionals, adolescents and parents. The study of social interactions involved in social relations, especially class and gender, is honored and allows us to focus on the social dimension of behaviors. We question the differences between the expected or prescribed roles and the roles actually adopted, the strategies of negotiation or resistance between the actors in order to bring out the normative expectations that affect the patients to the point of sometimes revealing a symbolic violence. We also adopt a sociohistorical approach with the aim of retracing the path of norms, by proposing an extension of the notion of "trajectory of illness" by that of "collective trajectory" (Carricaburu, 1999). We include in this research the study of obesity shaping historically conducted by medicine and public health policies that constitute the management conditions, common to the different actors and influencing interactions on the medical scene. Based on the Fat studies perspective, this work made it possible to understand corpulence as a new variable allowing an innovative sociological analysis of discourses, practices and social organization. This work is based on a mixed and multi-site qualitative survey: an analysis of corpus of medical and public health discourse, 38 semi-directive interviews with professionals specialized in the therapeutic education of adolescent obesity (endocrinologist, nutritionist, nurse, sports medicine educator, psychologist, etc.), 21 biographical interviews with adolescents and parents, as well as about 100 observations within FTE programs (specialized centers, hospital centers and health networks)
Mallet, Jasmina. "Marqueurs neurodéveloppementaux, cognition et facteurs environnementaux précoces et tardifs dans le phénotype psychotique des pathologies mentales Heavy cannabis use prior psychosis in schizophrenia : clinical, cognitive and neurological evidences for a new endophenotype? Etude et apport de la latéralité comme marqueur neurodéveloppemental dans les troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia : a specific clinical and therapeutic profile? Results from the Face-Schizophrenia cohort Tobacco smoking is associated with antipsychotic medication, physical aggressiveness and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia : results from the Face-SZ national cohort Tabagisme et schizophrénie, impact sur la cognition Tobacco smoking and psychotic-like experiences in a general population sample Poster congrès français de psychiatrie 2018 : Expériences psychotiques chez 50 patients adolescents hospitalisés pour la 1ère fois : approche trans-diagnostique et prospective avec la PQ16." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2403&f=17360.
Full textMental diseases represent a very heterogeneous categorical group, even within a given nosographic entity. Multifactorial approaches allow accounting for the clinical heterogeneity of mental disorders, the continuum between certain clinical dimensions, and even between the normal and the pathological. Among such dimensions, the psychotic phenotype constitutes an essential dimension of schizophrenic disorder. The dimensional approach allows for the search of psychotic experiences in most mental disorders as well as in the general population. We make the general hypothesis that certain psychiatric disorders with psychotic symptoms could be the result of the interaction between early- (obstetric traumas for example) and late- environmental factors (toxics, traumatisms) and the neurodevelopment of the individual. The initial step in this thesis work was to better define the concepts of vulnerability in psychiatry, and, based on the example of schizophrenia, to conduct a review of the literature on risk factors according to their early or late interaction with neurodevelopment. Subsequently, the first axis of research of the present thesis was to evaluate early neurodevelopmental markers (neurological soft signs, laterality, cognition). Our first work concerned the clinical, neurological and cognitive characterization of 64 patients suffering from schizophrenia, according to their cannabis use (or not) prior to psychosis. It provided evidence for a lower burden of neurodevelopment in cannabis users, and the potential impact of this substance on vulnerable individuals. Our second work concerns the clinical and cognitive impact of lateralization in patients with schizophrenia (n = 667) and bipolar disorder (n = 2445). We bring arguments for a neurodevelopmental weight (measured with this lateralization index) that is more important in schizophrenia. Our second axis of research focused on tobacco smoking as a late environmental factor in schizophrenia and psychotic phenotype. We showed in two studies on the FACE-SZ cohort (n = 361, n = 474) that SZ patients consumed almost twice as much as the general population and that they could represent a SZ subgroup with specific socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. In a third study, we compare the cognitive functions of these patients (n = 785) and show that the self-medication hypothesis alone cannot account for the high prevalence of their smoking. In a fourth work, we studied the impact of smoking on the psychotic phenotype with a dimensional approach, and showed an association between smoking and certain psychotic-type experiences in a representative sample of the US general population (NESARC, n = 34653). Finally, in a last line of research, we evaluated the psychotic phenotype in a population of adolescents and young adults hospitalized for a first psychiatric episode (n = 50). In a preliminary study, we show a high prevalence of psychotic-like experiences in these young adults, regardless of the diagnosis made six months afterwards, highlighting the trans-nosographic character of the psychotic phenotype during the emergence of different mental disorders. Overall, the present thesis underscores the clinical heterogeneity of mental illnesses and the importance of dimensional and trajectory approaches in identifying risk (or protective) factors, towards a better etiopathogenic understanding, better prevention opportunities, and a personalized patient care
Pomerleau, Katia. "Le grand écart? La vie privée sur internet vue par les adolescents et leurs parents." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18677.
Full textThe rising popularity of social media platforms among teenagers and the role they are taking as an integrated part of their daily communication has and will continue to raise a number of questions around the concept of security, and more precisely, about online privacy. This research paper aims to explore and compare the perceptions about online privacy in the digital era, first from the point of view of teenagers between 14 and 15 years of age, and then from the point of view of their respective parents. The first step in the data collection process was to ask the students to complete a survey about their online habits and the type of content they publish and share online. In the second part of the research, face-to-face interviews were conducted, first with the teenager alone, then with the parents. The objective was to get a better understanding of the household’s dynamics and to observe the differences in the perception of online privacy. To begin, the data collected has shown significant discrepancies in the online behaviour of teenage girls versus boys. However, the results did not provide any statistical significance in online behaviour in respect to household regulations regarding the use of online communication tools. Furthermore, though widely influenced by personal experience, the interviews with different family members brought up fairly similar definitions of online privacy. The notion of gradation of values has also been approached in their definitions.
Bégin, Mathieu. "Agir contre la cyberintimidation avec la vidéo numérique et YouTube : une étude de sociologie cognitive sur la communication socioéducative médiatisée chez des adolescents." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18441.
Full textCyberbullying refers to any situation where an individual or a group uses digital technology and/or social media in order to harm a third party. In Quebec, 22% of teenagers are victims of cyberbullying each year. The major effects of these acts include social anxiety, lower grades, severe depression and the emergence of suicidal ideation. This thesis focuses on the actions favored by amateur videographers and adolescents to fight against cyberbullying, using digital video and YouTube. The research is inspired by the theory of cognitive rationality, which suggests that social phenomena may be explained by the reasons why individuals act in a given context. It also uses the concepts of mediation and mediatization in order to distinguish the relational act of communication and the act of formatting information. In this study, 59 amateur videos have been archived, three interviews with video producers have been conducted and 14 focus groups with 75 teenagers were lead. These three data sets have been subjected to a categorical content analysis, which identified the dominant ideas and the preferred modes of representation in the videos and in the discourses of participants. The results presented show that amateur videos urge the public to act against cyberbullying, but that they offer few concrete solutions. To convince the public to take action, the videos show high rates of victimization, take position against the idea that cyberbullying is less serious than traditional bullying, and argue that this phenomenon can lead to suicide. The videos present a picture of the victims that may seem stereotypical at first glance, but which corresponds to the results of research on cyberbullying. This study also shows that video producers are more motivated by the acquisition of a capital of recognition and by the development of skills in video production than by the desire to help those affected by cyberbullying. The results also show that the idea of producing unrealistic dramatizations to describe cyberbullying is rejected by teenagers, who value instead realism and authenticity. They also reveal that teenagers are not receptive to the idea of using humor or violence to convince an audience, and that they are opposed to the idea of producing a video whose contents are computer-generated or in which there is no human presence. The main contribution of this research to the advancement of knowledge on youth and media is a better understanding of the challenges faced by teenagers when they produce a socioeducational video. Media education programs targeting teenagers could discuss with them the principles of such communication, especially regarding the choice of contents, the intended audience and the preferred mode of diffusion.
Pelletier-Dumas, Mathieu. "Liens entre la popularité, l'estime de soi, les habitudes de consommation de médias, y compris ceux sexuellement explicites et les conduites sexualisées chez les adolescent(e)s de 14-15 ans." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4635/1/M12081.pdf.
Full textTatossian, Anaïs. "Les procédés scripturaux des salons de clavardage (en français, en anglais et en espagnol) chez les adolescents et les adultes." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6843.
Full textOne of the most sticking aspects of technological progress over the last fifteen years is computer- mediated communication (CMC): chatting, instant messaging, e-mail, discussion forums, blogs, social networking sites, etc. In addition to having significantly impacted contemporary society, these communication tools have greatly modified writing practices. The object of this study is group chatting which offers many writers the possibility of communicating simultaneous amongst themselves. This communication tool shows two important discursive and communicational characteristics. First, chatting is generally a hybrid form of communication: the code used is written, but the exchange of messages forms a dialogue structure resembling oral speech. Second, the spontaneous character of chatting imposes speed, both in encoding and decoding messages. Within the framework of a comparative study on writing practices in Francophone chatters (Tatossian and Dagenais 2008), four general categories for all writing variations in the corpus were established: abbreviatory processes, grapheme substitutions, word final neutralisations and expressive processes. Now we are interested in testing the rigueur of this classification in languages where the phonetico-graphical degree of correspondence differs. According to the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis [ODH] (Katz and Frost 1992), in which a transparent orthographic system (such as in Italian, Spanish or Serbo-Croatian) directly transpose phonemes into the orthographic system, we seek to verify whether our results for French can be generalised both to languages with a “transparent” orthographic system (Spanish) and to languages whose orthographic systems are “opaque” (French, English). For each language, two questions were asked: 1. How can attested scriptural practices be classified? 2. Are these graphic practices qualitatively and quantitatively similar amongst both adolescents and adults? The scriptural phenomena related to chatting also imply a generational identity. Adolescence is a period characterised by the quests for an identity. A study by Sebba (2003) on English shows that a relationship exists between “modified spelling” and the construction of identity in adolescents (i.e. graffiti, CMC). In addition, in these communication realms, we see the creation of a community of users based on common interests (Crystal 2006), such as in the adolescent community. A corpus was constructed from exchanges accessed through the Internet Relay Chat protocol. For each language in the study, two sociolinguistic distinct sub-corpora were defined: the first was made up of adolescent chat forums, the second, of a forum for adults. For each language, 4520 sentences, taken from various IRC channels for adolescents and adults, were analysed. First, a quantified inventory of the different scriptural phenomena collected was created and then the results were compared.
Cloutier, Anne-Marie. "Profils de prise en charge médicale chez les enfants et adolescents traités par antidépresseurs : effet des mises en garde réglementaires et publications de guides de pratique clinique." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8357.
Full textFollowing reports of a potential association between antidepressants (ADs) and suicidal behaviour in youth, a regulatory warning was issued in Canada in May 2004, and clinical practice guidelines on recommended medical follow-up were published in the literature in November 2007. This Master's thesis aimed at assessing the association between these communication interventions and medical follow-up practices. A retrospective cohort study (1998-2008) was conducted among 4,576 children (10-14 years) and 12,419 adolescents (15-19 years) members of the Quebec public drug plan. Medical follow-up was ascertained through patterns of physician billing practices found in the RAMQ medical services databases. Study outcomes consisted of occurrence and frequency of visits in the first three months of AD treatment. Factors associated with follow-up consistent with recommendations were identified through multivariate logistic regression models. The main independent variable was exposure to each of the communication interventions. Covariates included: gender, class of AD, number of concomitant chronic diseases, psychiatric conditions, prescriber’s specialty, and potential exposure to each intervention. Only 20% of children or adolescents received at least one visit each month. The probability of receiving adequate follow-up was greater when treatment was initiated by a psychiatrist. Occurrence and frequency of visits did not change after the warning nor the publication of the recommendations. From this thesis, one may conclude that further interventions to optimize medical follow-up practices should be envisaged.