Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médias et politique mondiale'
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Chimbonda, Paul René. "Le cinéma à l'ère de la crise mondiale : analyse de l'industrie cinématographique française dans la dynamique des cinémas du marché mondial." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100006.
Full textThe power of French cinema depends on a large national and international market, and from the manner by which it try to control every communicating vases phenomenon into a generalized space of pictures and sound. This phenomenon of communicating vases is more or less fast in the mondial market, in comparison with appearance rhythm of the news technologies. In this context, the cinematographics and programmes industries have to face the mondial competition of films. It's the case of French and European cinema in front of Hollywood and japan. Crisis in this case is depended on a fast and brutal mutation
Babonnaud, Marc. "Censure et politique de l'image." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1509.
Full textDaher, Bilal. "Médias et politique au Liban : évolution et perspectives." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10025.
Full textFall, Fatma. "Médias et politique au Sénégal sous Wade ou l'ambiguïté d'une relation : Des médias "électeurs" aux médias "opposants"." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD024.
Full textThis research aims to be a thorough analysis of the Senegalese media system and its relations with the politics, particularly under President Abdoulaye Wade. Over the years, Senegal acquired the reputation to be a democratic country, because of its relative political stability, compared to the neighboring countries. However, in a context where the political communication knows an important development, the incidents between media and politics, have never been more exposed and discussed than under Wade, as well by Senegalese as by the international opinion. It’s thus interesting to wonder about the Senegalese media’s evolution, at the same time as the politics, in a context of significant changes. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is used in this research. It’s based as well on the information and communication sciences as on the political science and interactive sociology. Indeed, this research’s object, the media in this particular case, is situated between several disciplines, in which it’s necessary to lean on to analyze the practices, the relations between the actors and the representations. The chosen methodology is focused on a qualitative approach, mainly on semi-directive interviews, even if it’s completed by documentary analysis and observation. This thesis includes four parts with 12 chapters. The first one explained the reference frame’s choice, and the others analyzed the Senegalese politics-media history, before the presidential elections in 2000 and during twelve years of liberal government, the political and media environment in which operates the different actors, the worsening of their relations. It also aims to analyze various factors which question the legitimacy of press freedom in Senegal, and consequently the democratic image of this country in the eyes of the world
Cherfaoui, Farida. "Médias et politique au prisme de Bernard Kouchner." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100068/document.
Full textWith certain exceptions, the nomination of Bernard Kouchner in a government of Right has been greeted by the French mass media. They saw in it a caracteristic sign of political modernity. This politic, called “opening” lead from those mass media to new biographical investments. The stake consisting in penetrate the “mystery” Bernard Kouchner. In fact of mystery, his trajectory called, in some ways, his present position. From his view of a State humanitarianism to his vision of the Left, modern, realist, pragmatic, Bernard Kouchner has, all his life long, worked to draw the lines of fracture between the Left and the Right. An ideological fight which finds his place in the mass media, creditor of the debate.“To assume globalization”, to ensure a consensus on the hegemony of capitalism, to waive to one’s privileges in the name of the sharing with the indigents, to defend the war rides from the North against the South in the name of the war against “terrorism” and for democracy and human rights, season the whole with speech on morals in politic and economy and few measures, essentially applied to the sanitary domain, this is the program of this “modern” Left incarnate by Bernard Kouchner.For being a minister in a Right government, he assents himself, always and for ever, as a man of the Left (“with the oppressed”). The political, mediatical, ideological utility of Bernard Kouchner is linked to the realization of this program.Bernard Kouchner has always claimed and has been credited of a freedom of think, his independence. He wishes himself a free electron in the political chessboard, a rescued from the dogmas, symbolizing a realism won by dint of humanitarian practice, which allows him to act freely to the front, the more risky position.In this, his mediatic statute of historical humanitarian actor serves as a protection that others media intellectuals do no benefit. A statute which allows, moreover, the articulation of a speech politically on the Right with an activity traditionally classed at the Left, the humanitarian.Few fissures have appeared that torment the biographic (re-)construction that takes for object Bernard Kouchner. Yet, the mediatic kindness seems unconditional.This work would like to examine the meeting between personal dispositions, those of Bernard Kouchner, and specific fields, notably politic and journalistic, themselves in constant evolution. We ask, previously, some questions: Of what Bernard Kouchner is an emblem? What structural changes, in the different fields considered, have lead to the social existence of Bernard Kouchner? In other words, what have been the social, political, ideological conditions of possibility of the kouchnerian figure?
Soumah, Mory Saidou. "Médias et politique de communication en Afrique francophone." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010269.
Full textSarrazin, Robert. "L'état et les nouveaux médias audiovisuels." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMOA001.
Full textFrench state action towards new audiovisual media has mainly a double purpose. The state is willing to promote the development of new media thanks to the definition of a training policy and audio-visual communication techniques both the impetus given to programme planning industry and the birth of new audio visual services will contribute to media development. Likewise, the state intends to train the activities concerning the private services of audio visual communication. An institutional and legal plan has gradually been worked out in order to provide regulation and conciliation with the interests of the different actors
Sénécal, Michel. "Une démocratie du paradoxe : logiques d'acteurs et démocratisation de l'espace médiatique." Rennes 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN20014.
Full textThe social use of communications is a key issue in democracy. In fact, the principles of communications and democratic life, from freedom of expression to the right of communicate, are at stake in the struggle among the major sectors of society. The interests, values, projects and strategies defended by each of the major social actors - state, capital and alternative grass-roots movements are expressed through the particular logic by which sector interprets society. In the every aspect of social communications, from the economic control of the media to public perception, social representations and even the definition of technological choices, each social actor thus possesses its own specific practice or discourse. In other words, each sector translates its idea of democracy or the democratization of the media into its own rhetoric
Garcin-Marrou, Isabelle. "Discours et pratiques journalistiques en démocratie : les relations État-médias face au Terrorisme en France et en Grande-Bretagne." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030150.
Full textThe study is concerned with the logics that the state and the media develop to face independentist terrorism, and with the ways in which these logics appear in press discourses. Three parts organise this study. The first part is concerned with the nature of the state, the public sphere and the logics that the state develops in opposition to the media in a democracy. This part reveals the tendency of the state to organise a dominant discourse which influences the representation of terrorism in the public sphere. The second part reveals the limited autonomy which defines the condition of the media in opposition to terrorism and to the state. The media are described as existing on the edge, between autonomy and dependance towards the state dominant discourse. The third part is constituted by case studies which confront these conclusions to interviews and press articles. Four journalists, of the guardian, the independent, liberation and le monde, who have treated terrorism, have been interviewed; and the inquiry shows that the journalists have a conception of their discourse which emphasis autonomy. On the contrary, an analysis of the times and le monde discourses, about three events which happened between 1988 and 1995, reveals the limited autonomy of the media discourses. Eventually, the state-media relations, during terrorism phenomena, appaer as being based on tensions which restrain the discursive autonomy of the media
Erdoğan, Bariş. "Médias, pouvoirs et violence : gestion des oppositions kurde et islamiste en Turquie." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0051.
Full textDuring the last two decades of the 20th century, internal and external dynamics supported the rise to power of new ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious actors in Turkish public and politic space. Their greater visibility became increasingly threatening for the official ideology of the secular and national Republic, as well as for the privileged positions of "the establishement". Faced with this transformation, "the establishement", wich suports Turkey's integration into European and world institutions, tried to derail the rise of the new actors (who were rooted in political Islam and Kurdish nationalism), while respecting the institutional framework of Turkey's democracy. In order to marginalize all attempts to cultivate minority identities, " the establishement " manipulated the media - and by extension the general public. The purpose of this thesis is to show how the dominant official speeches and messages were produced and woven into the daily pratice of Turkish reporters and editors in the years 1980-1990. The thesis is based and analysis of newspapers from the period, discussions with journalists and the economic situation of the Turkish press. The analytical framework is intended to highlight the close and unequal interaction between authorities, media organizations and journalists. This thesis suggests that journalistic language, wich is unfavorable to Kurdish nationalist actors and political Islam, is related not only to various pressures exerted on journalists by military, political and economic forces, but is also related to journalistic habits, particularly of the elites who come almost exclusively from privileged social categories
Mignard, Jean-Pierre. "Cybercriminalité et cyber-répression entre désordre et harmonisation mondiale." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010310.
Full textBarry, Moustapha. "Médias et pouvoir au Sénégal depuis l'indépendance (1960)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020010/document.
Full textThis work examines the relationship between media and authority in Senegal since the independence in 1960, after a historical review. The media and authority have had ambivalent relationships. Sometimes stable, sometimes conflicting. This relationship is related to the democratization process of the country that has not been linear. From 1856 to 1960, there were two distinguished cases: the four municipalities, that are Goree, Rufique, Saint-Louis and Dakar, where French law and the rest of the country native code were applied as law.. In the first case where the press freedom more or less exists, the political turmoil has led to the media emergence, particularly in partisan politics press. Under Leopold Sedar Senghor’s regime (1960-1980), the plural press inherited from the colonialism, gave a way to a monopoly media with the introduction of a single party. Even if few reckless people ventured to create newspapers, the multiparty decreed by President Abdou Diouf (1981-2000) led to a proliferation of the press. However, the turning point was the mid-1980’s, when the so-called independent press founded by journalists, appeared. Under Abdou Diouf regime, conflicts were noted between his regime and the media, although it was more or less moderate. Since 2000, under Abdoulaye Wade’ regime, the number of media has increased. Private television sprung. The new relationship between media and authority under Abdoulaye Wade’ reign, is that ihe is the one who confronted the media of his country. It is in this perspective that this work examines a new media landscape potential where the rules are clearly defined and respected. It is also proposed to promote a regional press emergence
Gong, Tian. "Les médias chinois en Europe : communautés ethniques, migrations et politique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020016.
Full textThe history of Chinese immigration in Europe dates back to the sixteenth century. The first Chinese newspapers were born there three centuries later. This ethnic media was created to seek solutions for China which was troubled at that time. Its focus has been changed to the local Chinese immigrants’ life progressively for over a century. However, the Chinese government still somehow contacts with the Chinese communities and the ethnic media in Europe. So this thesis aims to study and reveal the current relationship among China’s policy, Chinese migrants and the Chinese language media in Europe. Nowadays, in the context of globalization, the information and communication technologies enables global broadcast for all kinds of Chinese media. But despite this variety of information sources, many Chinese immigrants in Europe maintain a close and special relationship with the ethnic media. Meanwhile, the Chinese government always intends to maintain a close relation with Chinese migrants around the world and spread the Chinese culture through these communities, especially through ethnic media. By analyzing the development of China’s policy and the interactions between the Chinese authorities and Chinese media in Europe, this thesis observes a special connection with caution. Then, through a content analysis of media and a survey of Chinese immigrants conducted in seven European countries, this research reveals that the Chinese over seas media fulfils the functions of a conciliator and a spokes person within the community
Talon, Claire Gabrielle. "Al Jazeera et Qatar, 1996-2009 : media rentier et discours critique dans une "ile globale"." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0085.
Full textThis study is dedicated to the relations between the arab information channel Al Jazeera and the state of Qatar, in which it was born. It focuses on the links between a local political sysem - that of the Rentier state - and the corporate and editorial inner operating of the channel, highlighting the journalistic consequences inside the newsroom of the balance of power that dominate the ruling family. Hence, this work questions the paradoxical development of a "radical democratic" discourse in a Rentier state of the Gulf. It shows how a a liberal and pluralist discourse was born in a non democratic environment, within a state where no real political representation process was at stake, and eventually how, out of tribal premises, a critical discourse came up, whose relevancy was able to jeopardize the rules and conventions that govern the establishment of Truth and the making of news in the West
Loum, Ndiaga. "Pluralisme de l'information et groupes multimédias privés au Sénégal : essai d'approche socio-politique." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30011.
Full textDjigbenou, Mahouti Marie-Louise. "Liquidité mondiale et effets de report." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0209/document.
Full textThe interest in Global Liquidity has increased in recent years due essentially to the complexityof the concept and its less known effects on the real economy, the financial markets, and theemerging economies. This dissertation contributes to the Global Liquidity literature by studying,firstly, the macroeconomic and financial determinants, which drive global liquidity dynamicsand its allocation on different markets of the world. Secondly, some of global liquidity effects,focusing on emerging economies and global imbalances are analysed. The results of these worksprove that the state of real economy as well as those of financial markets impact dramaticallythe global liquidity dynamics depending on boom and bust periods. The monetary authorities,and to a greater extent the U.S. Federal Reserve, have a significant role in this global dynamicsand its global allocation. The real activity in emerging economies is significantly impacted bycapital inflows. However, the effects on financial markets are dampened by the offsetting effectsof assets purchased in foreign currencies from local investors. In regard to global imbalancesissues, global liquidity can be added to leading indicators, which help explaining the dynamicsof these imbalances. It is therefore, useful to track the dynamics of global liquidity
Correa, Patrice. "Légitimité sociopolitique des médias au Sénégal : stratégies des journalistes et des hommes politiques." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30074.
Full textNivat, Anne. "Médias et pouvoir politique en Russie pendant la transition : une difficile marche vers l'autonomie de la fin de l'URSS à la renaissance de la Russie, 1985-1994." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0041.
Full textTrabelsi, Anouar. "Insertion et appropriations d'Internet en Tunisie : d'une acclimatation socio-technique dans les pays du Sud." Grenoble 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE39010.
Full textKlaus, Enrique. "De la morale au politique : médias, public et scandalisation en Egypte." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH026.
Full textThis thesis grounds in ethnomethodology and it tackles with the issue of scandals, as social phenomena in its own right, and with its relationship to politics. Through a detailed analysis of two cases of scandal that broke out in Egypt in 2005 and 2006, my approach consists in taking the scandal in consideration in itself and for itself, in order to observe in context and in action its specific mechanisms of unfolding in the Egyptian public space under the rule of Hosni Mubarak. In other words, I am concerned with describing and analyzing the method through which a public phenomenon such as a scandal occurs. On this basis, I consider how this latter can achieve a political relevancy, whatever the “facts” which are denounced in the course of its unfolding. This thesis is thus dedicated to a double clarification. On the one hand, it aims at clarifying the “nature” of scandals, through the examination of the methodological practices which are constitutive of it. On the other hand, by way of comparing a case taking on a political relevancy in the course of its unfolding with another case which is apolitical, it aims at taking it out of an all-encompassing-political-explanation and at analyzing how politization can occur in a contingent fashion. In sum, this clarification aims at delimiting political sciences' domain of competency with regards to phenomena giving “flesh” to public space in Egypt, through the analysis of scandals
Tupper, Patricio. "Les Médias au Chili (1970-1973) : polarisation politique et intervention étrangère." Paris 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA020095.
Full textDrieux, Jean-Pierre. "Les lothians depuis la seconde guerre mondiale : problemes humains et vie politique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR20017.
Full textVolume 1 : a a detailed 18 page table of contents. B the context (heritage from the past, demography, impact of the media). C a survey of local politics (changes in the local government system, local issues, local politics in edinburgh 1949-73, and in the lothian region and its four districts 1974-84). Volume 2: national politics in the lothians : political parties, national issues, electoral campaingns, constituency boundary changes ; with a chronological study of political developments in greater edinburgh : back to democracy (1945-50), the "two-party" years (1950-64), the rise of a three-party system (1966-74), towards a four-party system? (1974-84). Volume 3: a sociological survey of the lothians electorate, mps, euromps and local councillors: turnout at the different kinds of elections, the influence of factors such as type of housing, religion, economic activity; an attempt to answer the question "who are these elected representatives?" in theory this survey stops with the 1984 euro-elections; but the 1987 general election results, with a brief comment, are given in an appendix. Volume 4: illustrations, maps, statistical documents (general and by-election results in the ten lothians constituencies 1945-87; local election results in edinburgh 1949-73). Bibliography. Index
Drieux, Jean-Pierre. "Les Lothans depuis la seconde guerre mondiale problèmes humains et vie politique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613365q.
Full textMauvois-Bacholnik, Chantale. "Les nouveaux pays industriels d'Extrême-Orient dans l'économie mondiale (Corée du Sud, Taiwan et Singapour)." Paris, INALCO, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INAL0010.
Full textThe emergency of far eastern NIC's in world economy has been one the most striking facts of the past 20 years. In a context of international economic crisis, these countries have experienced Japanese-like performances allowing them to escape to underdevelopment. What are the reasons of their success? Are these economics mere excrescences of foreign capitalism or real national economies ? These thesis analyses the factors explicating the rapid transformation of these countries and shows the role of original industrial and economical state policies and local entrepreneurship though geographical, historical and cultural environment
Yameogo, Lassane. "Interactions des médias publics avec les champs politique et socioéconomique au Burkina Faso: Facteurs d'influence, identités et pratiques professionnelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/230846.
Full textDoctorat en Information et communication
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Michez, Jean-Claude. "Vers une convivialité mondiale en philosophie politique contemporaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210573.
Full textL’occasion de cette thèse fut à la fois le déclenchement de la première bombe nucléaire à Hiroshima en 1945 et le développement de nouveaux moyens de télécommunications qui révolutionnèrent les domaines informatiques au début des années cinquante. Pour mémoire, les frères Gutenberg, au milieu du XVème siècle, avaient mis au point un procédé typographique qui utilisait les caractères mobiles découvert en Chine au XIème siècle. L’imprimerie, puis l’édition, puis la presse écrite aboutirent finalement à l’avènement des médias de masse contemporains. Convaincus des conséquences fondamentales des débuts de l’informatique de masse sur l’évolution de la géo-sociologie, nous avons commencé dans notre travail, par la recherche d’un modèle sociologique pouvant représenter l’ensemble des habitants de notre planète. Norbert Elias nous apporta le résultat de son étude sur la monopolisation progressive dans des sociétés, dans son livre la « Dynamique de l’Occident ». S. Huntington, de son coté, développa dans « Le choc des civilisations », la réalité sociologique des huit principales civilisations actuellement en développement. A l’occasion de voyages dans des pays appartenant à ces différentes civilisations, nous avons entrepris de construire (p.p. 48bis et 52bis) une trame sociologique mondiale de départ, c’est-à- dire avant l’arrivée d’Internet. L’approche des paradigmes de Kuhn (p. 57), nous donna un support pour expliquer comment l’arrivée d’Internet dans le monde pouvait provoquer un changement, probablement irréversible, de paradigme sociologique.
La « fusion » des 6 niveaux d’Elias et des 8 civilisations de Huntington, provoquée, de proche en proche, par l’arrivée d’Internet, nous a conduit à définir un concept de convivialité (p. 62). Un tel concept existait déjà, à l’initiative de Brillat-Savarin au XIXème siècle, au niveau d’un groupe d’amis réunis en vue de faire bonne chère et de passer un moment agréable. Ivan Illich d’autre part (voir annexe 1), penseur de l écologie politique (1926-2002), donna un sens tout différent à son concept de convivialité. Nous avons entrepris quant à nous de définir et caractériser un concept adaptable aux quelques 48 domaines similaires mais distinct d’une recherche étendue à l’ensemble de la planète. Pour rappel, la « philia » d’Aristote ne dépassait pas le niveau sociologique de la cité-Etat, et renvoyait le reste du monde connu vers l’appellation de « barbaroi ».
Après le moment de convivialité décrit par Aristote dans « L’étique à Nicomaque », le monde retomba pendant plus de 2.000 ans dans le règne des autocrates et il fallut de timides débuts de démocratie en Angleterre, puis aux Etats-Unis et en France en 1789, pour constater un changement durable. Depuis une trentaine d’années par contre un grand nombre d’Etats-nations ont successivement évolué et basculé vers des régimes démocratiques :d’abord dans l’Europe du sud, puis dans les quelques pays de l’Asie du Sud Est. L’implosion de l’URSS en 1989 provoqua la création de démocraties beaucoup plus proches des modèles d’Europe occidentale que les pseudo-démocraties populaires de l’ex-bloc soviétique. Simultanément, la plupart des Etats-nations d’Amériques du Sud et du Centre connurent des transformations pacifiques profondes et évoluèrent vers des structures démocratiques. Aujourd’hui, la majorité des Etats-nations parmi les 190 que compte l’ONU, sont devenues des démocraties, au moins en cours de devenir.
Par ailleurs, au-delà du niveau des Etats-nations se développèrent des Rgionalismes Politiques (R.P.), constitués par le rapprochement d’un certain nombre d’Etats, y compris, depuis quelques décennies, les R.P. de l’Inde, de la Chine et de l’Union Européenne qui regroupe actuellement 27 pays. D’autres R.P. tels que l’ASEAN en Asie du Sud-Est ou le MERCOSUR en Amérique Latine prirent corps de façon progressive. On peut constater ces développements suivant des étapes qui commencent en général par des ententes sécuritaires modestes, suivies d’échanges commerciaux croissants, puis des accords financiers et douaniers. Tous ces développements correspondent à des degrés de convivialité croissants et progressifs ;la véritable interconnexion mondiale et instantanée qui est ainsi en voie d’établissement et qui s’étend à tous les domaines de l’économie, est encore rendue plus complexe par l’entrée en jeu de multiples sociétés transnationales cherchant à chevaucher et ignorer les Etats. Ce nouveau tissu de sociétés multinationales ou transnationales spécialisées et efficaces profite pleinement des techniques mondiales d’informatique. Sur le plan des relations politiques, les relations intra-régionales et inter-régionales ont incorporé les spécificités propres aux différentes cultures, provoquant un brassage exponentiel, quoique difficile à suivre tant son ampleur et sa variété sont grandes.
Nous avons tenté de résumé le degré de convivialité, suivants les domaines, à l’échelle globale de notre planète devenue aujourd’hui rétrécie et interconnectée. En fait, nous constatons que l’aspiration vers la paix, et la suppression des cas de non-convivialité dans tous les domaines est telle que la convergence des activités spécialisées, agit vite et un peu partout simultanément dans le monde. Nous avons examiné successivement quelques domaines spécialisés et avons abouti à la conclusion qu’il existe déjà aujourd’hui un grand nombre de consensus dans les sciences de la nature et les sciences humaines.
Tous les domaines sont-ils concernés ?Non, on peut constater par exemple que la convivialité inter-religions est toujours nulle, sinon conflictuelle en particulier lorsqu’il n’y a pas séparation bien définie et acceptée entre religion et politique, comme c’est le cas pour l’Islam. Les religions d’Asie, souvent plus anciennes que celles du Moyen-Orient et de l’Europe, semblent plus accoutumées à la convivialité par respect mutuel.
Nous avons esquissé d’autre part l’évolution contemporaine en philosophie où les positions radicales du XIXème siècle nous apparaissent évoluer vers « La Nouvelle Alliance », titre du dernier ouvrage de I. Prigogine. Celui-ci, en phase avec les nombreuses interrogations nées d’un relativisme généralisé et plein de nouvelles inconnues, oriente nos recherches sans a priori et dans le méthode pragmatique des essais-erreurs, qu’aborde de son coté H. Putman en philosophie.
Dans le domaine de la philosophie politique enfin, un renouvellement d’intérêts provoqué par les nouveaux dangers de destruction de la planète par les hommes, stimule les efforts de convivialité et la recherche de nouveaux objectifs d’écologie et de progrès raisonnables, bien éloignés des traditions classiques de recherche de pouvoir à tout prix.
Notre antithèse a cherché où il est devenu nécessaire de temporiser et réglementer nos volontés trop excessives. Notre conclusion enfin veut souligner que nous sommes parvenus aujourd’hui à nous consacrer à un plein travail de recherche dans tous les domaines et qu’il n’est pas temps de conclure mais au contraire d’avancer vers l’accomplissement d’un monde plus humain, plus juste et plus convivial.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Lapin, Jim. "La Guadeloupe, la Martinique et la Guyane dans le système audiovisuel français : contribution à une analyse juridique et politique." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10019.
Full textThe particularisms of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guyane led to "tailor-made" public policies to structure the audiovisual landscape on their territory. But such adaptations did not permit the blossoming of those cultures and communities, that are part of France, on radio and television. Nevertheless, the legal principle of identity that must prevail to strengthen the link of equality with the continent did not vanish and contributed to a better assimilation, not integration, of the citizens of those "departements". That situation blocked the process of integration and stopped an "ultra-marine" emulation that would have nourished a stronger cultural diversity on television and radio. As a matter of fact, the assimilation process turned into a domination of the "metropolitain" cultural model. The revendications that appeared in the late 1990s for a better representation of ethnico-cultural minorities on television laid the stress on the failure of assimilation policy led so far. Side by side with the french populations from the former colonies, were autochtons from the "DOM" that suffered from that lack of integration, whereas the "DOM" never cut their link with continental France. Following those revendications, public authorities promoted cultural and ethnical diversity on television, to have a better picture of the French society. With that notion of cultural diversity, the integration process of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guyane to the Republic took an other direction towards a "real equality" the "departemental" status failed to deliver
Latif, Hossein. "Les médias turcs et la politique européenne de la Turquie depuis 1971." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030062.
Full textThe Turkish mass-medias have a great influence and play a dominant role in shaping the public opinion and giving trends regarding evolutions of relationships between the EU and Turkey. Let us recall that the Helsinki summit in December 1999 approved its candidature to become full member of the EU. This candidature was refused on December 17, 1989 by the EC for economic and demographic reasons, but masking others, of a cultural and religious nature : the freezing of relations was unavoidable. The years 1990 will mark the brutal collapse of the USSR, reducing the place of Turkey in the favor of east european countries. In spite of the Association council EC-Turkey confirming criteria equality for all the applicant countries, the Luxemburg summit of December 1997 plead an economic delay and democratic deficiencies to move it apart from the European field. Having a chaotic but competitive economy, a dynamic society and a domestic market supported by a strong purchasing power from part of the population, Turkey has good chances. The permanence of a high inflation rate since the 90's and an uneven distribution of incomes remain nevertheless its weak points. Having the essential characteristics of a modern and laic State, the country is slow in implementing the institutional reforms needed to harmonize democracy and State of right as in European countries. The political and social life, since Mustafa Kemal Atatürk reforms, has been modelled on a Europeanization basis. The EU would be well advised to reinforce this large neighbor and NATO allied so that it can be viewed as model by other countries of the region. Its implication in Balkans along with Greek-Turkish relationships evolution are signs going in this direction. From the point of view of the European security, Turkey can assert its key position within the NATO. Suffering from a negative image, it must use new technology for get rid of generally accepted ideas. Its strengthening in various interior fields remains ignored by international opinion public. Having however the support of the United States and the invitation of Europe, an eventual final refusal is actually not on the air. Progress made to integrate the EU is a boosting factor, having to be used for the country and its population
Daoud, Al-Bayati Tarik. "L'évolution politique au Koweit, de la deuxième guerre mondiale à nos jours." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10056.
Full textKawada, Yutaka. "La présence de la politique dans les médias au Japon : l'ingérence de la politique et les stratégies médiatiques du pouvoir face à l'évolution des médias." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020023.
Full textNowadays in the society, the media are essential and very important for the activities of people. The media have developed with the evolution of social and economic systems as well as technological advancements. The media were used by the authorities to control the society during the war, when the freedom of expression was severely limited. However, after the period of the occupation, Japan won the state of a democratic regime, where the media could enjoy freedom of expression. The 1955 system, where domination by one party of Parliament ( the LDP ) continued without interruption for 38 years, was created by the unique conditions of politics in Japan. However, later, the media contributed greatly to the fall of this strong political system with long duration. Now the media have a tendency to exert a great influence on politics. On the other hand, the authorities began to take measures to control the media in favor of their policy, which is interference in the media and made considerable pressure on their expression activities. Under the situation where media freedom is limited, the people, however, reacted against the authorities with new means and the relationship between media and politics is becoming more serious for us today
Bast, Oliver. "La politique étrangère de la Perse et la première guerre mondiale (1917-1921)." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030143.
Full textThis study asks how Persia's diplomacy responded to the challenges of World War I. It analyses the foreign policy adopted by various Iranian cabinets, especially the one led by Vosuq od-Dowle, vis-à-vis the Great Powers in the crucial period between 1917 and 1921. This work concentrates on Persia's own foreign policy makers defying the euro-centrist tendencies of a traditional historiography that has limited itself to the study of the Persian policies pursued by the Great Powers, treating the Persians more or less as nonentities. Insisting on the Iranian point of view, this work is primarily based on hitherto unused Iranian documents stemming from the archives of Iran's Foreign Ministry, the National Archive and numerous recently published document collections, but it also uses published British as well as French and Russian archival sources. As a result of this novel approach we are able to present a totally new interpretation of Iran's diplomatic history in the period under question
Séguy, Françoise. "Stratégies publiques et formation d'un nouveau media : analyse comparative des systèmes vidéotex de la R.F.A. et de la France : 1978-1988." Grenoble 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE39005.
Full textThe main aim is to understand evaluate and compare the strategies of two public postal services : the deutschebundespost and the france telecom through their own national plans bildshirmtext and teletel. Beyond their discrepancfies the two systems share the same impulse : public initiative. In the course of this work throughout these examples we try to find out a process of formation of a new medim based on public initiative. When we cannot find one out we track in fact much better their strategie stake : their main aim is in reality to enable the trust public service to carry out an internal transformation which is indispensable to its good work with respect to the future scene of telecommunication
Hamdan, Akhlasse. "Médias et environnement : le processus et les protagonistes du « Grenelle de l’environnement »." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100145.
Full textThis typescript contributes to research in political communication concerning environmental issues in France. We focus in our study on the case of the "Grenelle de l'environnement" announced by Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007. It seems interesting to identify two main areas in this research. The first is the strategy of the government policy, investigating the method of the Grenelle and the reasons that led to its organization and the second axis is the media and our question concerns the relationship between both media and political fields. The later leads us to deeply study the reasons why the journalists were interested in the GDE, and analyze media coverage of the Grenelle. To test our hypotheses the research was based on a number of empirical investigations
Tarbouni, Younasse. "THE ARAB CENTURY opposing trajectories of Arab activism in MENA What has changed? the case of the Moroccan movement of February 20, 2011." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH014.
Full textWith the MF20 as the major Case Study , I argue against the claims of the newness, uniqueness, success and failure or finality of these Arab movements. I revisit the first decade of the 21st century and the declaration of War on Terrorism (2003) as one trigger of sociopolitical conflicts that were already entrenched in the MENA region. What we witnessed in the second decade of this century is that the Arab uprisings only exposed transgressions in human rights and atrocities in the Middle East to the world. These uprisings were hurriedly reduced to seasonal uprisings. The third decade unfortunately looks to be in the hands of right-wing ideologues standing against multiculturalism and stressing the fear of religious extremism to change the focus from social issues and force the narrative of us-against-them on the forefront. For these reasons, I claim, there is no finality to the Arab uprisings, they have just begun and they are not in a state of thaw as Davis (2013) depicts them, but they are in slumbering phase recouping for a stronger come back. The close analysis in the project of the saga of struggles of these Arab movements with the Arab autocratic regimes who engineered nothing but preemptive reforms, requires our close attention for the remaining decades in this 21st century. Even the so-called successful cases, Tunisia and Morocco, indicate that what is celebrated is a state of temporary stability with major and alarming short comings in social change and social justice; two of the main reasons of the so called Arab Spring. Thomas Friedman suggests great historical details, in his great piece for the New York Times, calling for the expression “Arab Spring” be retired and be replaced by Anthony Cordesman’s the “Arab Decade” or “Arab Quarter Century” . I claim we are beyond that, and that we are witnessing an Arab Century in movement.If the recent political changes around the world are any indication, social change in the Arab world will be overlooked for at least another decade. The rise of the extreme right to power in the US and in Europe has already shifted the focus from the social injustices in the Arab world to the everlasting issue of Islam and extremism in the West. This is proving to be a big break for Arab autocratic regimes, who are using this rise of Islamophobia in the West as a unifying argument that distracts from the social injustices within their republics and kingdoms. Thus, the struggle of Arab citizens within the Arab states for social dignity will be overlooked until the revived narrative of the clash of Islam and the West dies down
Debaveye, Julie. "@clacmontréal : émergence et institutionnalisation d'une expertise militante dans les micro-médias." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23980.
Full textThis doctoral thesis provides an examination of the emergence and the institutionalization of an activist expertise on Twitter by the CLAC (Convergence des Luttes Anticapitalistes) and an investigation of the group social and intertextual processing with alternative and global media during the G20 in Toronto (2010) and the Quebecer Student strike (2012). Mixed methods and online exploration are used to build a transformative integrative multidimensional methodology for analysing web hypertextual practices. This research strategy allows for the observation, analysis and interpretation of peer groups mediated practices and enables to formulate research recommendations for methodologies exploring the complexity of new media convergence (Castells, 1998, 1999, 2001; Jenkins, 2006) and the formation of ad hoc publics during political crisis (Bruns, 2007 ; Bruns et al., 2010). Under the theoretical and conceptual position of expertise, activism and hypertext, specific forms of activist communication in micro-media, influence and power dynamics in local public sphere and new modes of contagion of local information on public deliberation main themes and practices (Habermas, 1978, 1987) will be explored. Finally, advantages and limits of the mixed methods approach and directions for future research are discussed.
El, Mossadak Ahmed. "Terrorisme et sociologie politique de l'International." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030097.
Full textTerrorism has become an illness of the modern World-System. How to rethink the act of terrorism has become an urgent question because it seems that the non understanding is dominant if not triumphant. Thus the necessity to see the terrorist act "included and overcame rather than felt with fantasy". The American policy has remobilized the world around the security objectives to intervene in the international policy. American security policies, based on the reinforcement of exceptional juridical legislation on global techniques of surveillance and on the military mobilization, have led to public liberties, with unprecedented tutoring (USA Patriot Act, Project Patriot Act, Homeland of security, National Strategy of Security) and the establishment of a real international exception state. Refractory to the American antiterrorist logic "war against terrorism", the European Union members have claimed before to be their allies: "we will fight terrorism by the law and in the frame of law". This logic has quickly made the allies adopt the American model. In reality, it is the Arab World that has suffered the consequences of terrorism. The events of the September 11, 2001 have thrown projectors on Islam as a source of terrorism although the Arabs and Muslims were the first targets of Islamic terrorism, and the first to suffer the consequences. One of the effects of this situation is the mitigated and ambiguous reaction of the Arab and Muslim opinions about the September attack. It is in this context that most of the ArabWorld has been inscribed in "War against terrorism" without almost any motivation but with a lot of hesitation because of the pressure made by the international coalition and especially the American one. Indeed to side this position presupposes a recurrent reality in the Arabs political and strategic choices. The choice of "immobilism" of the "statuquo" and "the absence of the initiative" answers to constraints to be at the same time a target and at the center of the "war against terrorism"
Devillier, Nathalie. "Les accords de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce et la santé." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0032.
Full textNowadays individuals worry about cancer, precautionary measures, G. M. O. S, A. I. D. S. , S. A. R. S. , terrorism, or access to health care services and essential medicines. The management of these problems by the authorities could be complicated by the liberalization of world trade through the W. T. O. 's agreements (G. A. T. T. , G. A. T. S. , A. S. P. S. , T. R. I. P. S. ). Can the W. T. O. Judges manage to reconcile trade and health and to build bridges between its legal order and International Health Law? The latter is conducive to the concept of "human solidarity" which is to health what sustainable development is to environment. It is based on the idea that health, as a public good, matters to everyone. The question is addressed from the angle of the States' fondamental responsibilities and whose sovereignty is more and more collectively exerted (W. H. O. , W. T. O. , Codex Alimentarius, U. N. )
Mammeri, Mohammed. "Situation politique, économique et sociale de l'Algérie pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale (1939-1944)." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010504.
Full textVirginkar, Papproth Manjiri. "La Révolution de l'informatique en Inde et la politique de communication : médias, politique, société (juillet 1991-mai 1996)." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090025.
Full textGuigo, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Le complexe de la communication : Michel Rocard entre médias et opinion (1965-1995)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0059.
Full textMichel Rocard (1930-2016) appears as one of the pioneers in french political communication. From the 1960's he adopted the new techniques of political marketing. In 1974, this preparation of his communication becomes organized systematically. Two main groups were created around political scientists, pollsters and journalists in order to shape his image, using opinion polls, video training and marketing methods. He used opinion polls and good media coverage in order to make up his marginality inside the French Socialist Party (directed by François Mitterrand). However, he failed to threaten the power of François Mitterrand on the Socialist Party. For the first time he had to renounce in favor of the Prime Secretary of the party. After this defeat he became progressively one of the main critics of the political communication. He accused the media for threatening the exercise of power. More and more he renounced Tv shows and became aggressive with journalists. Prime minister between 1988 and 1991 he avoided media coverage. Forced to resign in 1991 his appraisal was largely unknown. Even if he tried to reinforce his position becoming the leader of the French socialist Party in 1993, Michel Rocard was rapidly reached by the unpopularity affecting the Socialist Party.After a severe defeat during the European elections in 1994 he renounced to become the candidate for the presidential election in 1995
Launois, Annie. "La France et la Grande-Bretagne et les politiques culturelles européennes dans le secteur audiovisuel." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020009.
Full textGirod, Alain. "Les mutations de l'espace public et la construction médiatique de "l'opinion publique"." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/girod_a.
Full textThis doctorate tries to answer two questions : aren't the transformations of public sphere characterized on the one hand by the generalization of a logic based on audience and so by certain "privatization" of public sphere ? And, on the other hand, aren't we faced with a phenomenon based on advertising of opinions, on media construction of public opinion ? The first part, dedicated to the theorical and institutional foundations of public sphere, is dividedin three chapters the first constitutes a critical analysis of the theories presented by Habermas ; the second tries to analyse the french ôlitical system, in his institutional and partisan dimensions ; the third chapter, last, tries to study the media device who exists in France, on the economical respect and on the respect of his specific rules before analysing the "information society" mythology and the "journalism influence". The second part, who deals with the show logic, groups together four chapters : the first tackles the influence of communication on public sphere ; the second refers to the show law from a thought on the picture power and on the contradictions between the "large audience" and public sphere ; the third refers to the deep emotional dimension of the media ; the fourth, last, deals with the interpenetration between private sphere and public sphere. The third part, last, is organized around four chapters the first constitutes a reflection on public opinion before opinion polls ; the second analyses precisely opinion polls ; the third examines the media construction of social representations ; the fourth, last, refers to conflicts between the media and politics
Michel, Anthony. "Metz-Luxembourg ville : couverture médiatique comparée des cérémonies commémoratives de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1945-2010)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0359/document.
Full textThis study is at the crossroads of history and information and communication sciences. Its main point is a diachronic and comparative vision of a memorial phenomenon through the lens of local press. It is legitimated by the proximity of commemorative ceremonies. The comparison made between Metz and Luxembourg - one being a regional metropolis and the other the capital city of a small European country - tries to understand how memories related to this conflict emerge and evolve in the media according to the historical, sociological and political contexts of both towns. A series of hypothesis organized in three axes results from this research question: the topic of the article, the textual content and the photographic illustration. Is there a conflict or a cohabitation between memories on a territory according to their legitimacy? Will the memorial actors (figures) always be the same and what will the signification be if there is a form of consistency and/or if there is an evolution? Visually, what effect will the representations have on the media image (or the reflection) of the pasts of both towns? As such, my study tries to understand the emergence and the preservation of memories relative to the conflict by articulating this memory, its social legitimacy and the interest that it has for local authorities in the memorial landscape of the cities. My results are organized in three themes which are: the constancy of the monuments and the memory, the reappropriation of existing buildings for the memory with low legitimacy or with a national or international echo and the emergence of monuments and memories in order to improve and to complete the patrimony and the local urban memorial landscape. However, one can see a consistency in the cross-border memory, through decades and based upon the representation of historical actors: the local population, the local resister, and the American liberator
Bourré-Bouhet, Agnès. "Politique, stratégie et armement, 1890-1925 (l'exemple français)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010529.
Full textDespite the ministerial instability of the third republic, the army benefited from a certain political unanimity, particularly before and during the first world war. At the beginning of the between the wars period, this feeling had not changed, but the financial means available to france were much more limited. In a little over thirty years, from 1890 to 1925, the relationship between armament and political objectives had developed considerably. Of course the war played a strategic severing role, while techological developments also brought their share of upheavals. However, the efficiency of the military tool does not depend solely on the means that politics and science have available to them ; the use made of that tool remains a very important factor. Here, results vere unequal. The weight of a troubled, and somewhat humiliating, past determined french strategy during the newly developing third republic, with regards to weapons as well as to other areas. The first world war forced the regime to be effective in order to avoid an upheaval of power, or even a kind of second empire. With the victory in 1918, the republic had, in some respects, fulfilled its mission. It then aspired to peace, wanting above all to forget the war. As a result, the army lost its place in the hierarchy of preoccupations. This change brought its share of difficulties. Theories for employing the military tool were obliged to take into consideration the reduction of means and to seek to optimise. Forced to do so by the clauses of the versailles treaty, germany succeeded in this transformation. Cradled by an illusion of materiel abundance, then disconcerted by its sudden reduction, the french army could not manage to efficiently adapt its armament to the new strategy imposed by peace
Pereira, Wellington. "Le quotidien voile l'affaire Collor de Mello dans le magazine brésilien Veja." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H033.
Full textMichel, Anthony. "Metz-Luxembourg ville : couverture médiatique comparée des cérémonies commémoratives de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1945-2010)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0359.
Full textThis study is at the crossroads of history and information and communication sciences. Its main point is a diachronic and comparative vision of a memorial phenomenon through the lens of local press. It is legitimated by the proximity of commemorative ceremonies. The comparison made between Metz and Luxembourg - one being a regional metropolis and the other the capital city of a small European country - tries to understand how memories related to this conflict emerge and evolve in the media according to the historical, sociological and political contexts of both towns. A series of hypothesis organized in three axes results from this research question: the topic of the article, the textual content and the photographic illustration. Is there a conflict or a cohabitation between memories on a territory according to their legitimacy? Will the memorial actors (figures) always be the same and what will the signification be if there is a form of consistency and/or if there is an evolution? Visually, what effect will the representations have on the media image (or the reflection) of the pasts of both towns? As such, my study tries to understand the emergence and the preservation of memories relative to the conflict by articulating this memory, its social legitimacy and the interest that it has for local authorities in the memorial landscape of the cities. My results are organized in three themes which are: the constancy of the monuments and the memory, the reappropriation of existing buildings for the memory with low legitimacy or with a national or international echo and the emergence of monuments and memories in order to improve and to complete the patrimony and the local urban memorial landscape. However, one can see a consistency in the cross-border memory, through decades and based upon the representation of historical actors: the local population, the local resister, and the American liberator
Lupovici, Raphaël. "La critique des médias par les Gilets jaunes. Étude des appuis sociaux et numériques de la contestation politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030114.
Full textFrom its outset in November 2018, the Yellow Vests Movement (YVM) has stood out for its fierce criticism of the mainstream media, most notably through its engagement on social media platforms. This thesis investigates the driving forces behind this denunciation. It draws on combined fieldworks, involving the analysis of screenshots taken from the YV’s Facebook spaces (n = 316), as well as semi-structured interviews conducted among the movement’s participants (n = 38), and results from a 2019 survey administered via the Pluralisme de l’information en ligne (PIL) research project. The study of this empirical data seeks to identify the social organizing principles of the YV’s media criticism. It combines a dispositionalist examination of the respondents’ individual experiences with a discussion of the online development of a shared critical culture, specific to the protest. The YV’s media criticism thus appears to be the product of a mobilization of demonstrators with varying degrees of inclination towards critical discourse. As the activist experience of the YV regularly found itself at odds with the media coverage of the movement, it prompted the online expression of an anger aggregated by platforms, and gradually formed a common culture of protest. This media criticism eventually took root in the daily lives of the YV, resulting in a reconfiguration of their media practices, thus sustaining a denunciation that became a structural feature of the protest
Coulomb-Gully, Marlène. "La représentation politique au journal télévisé : étude des positionnements télévisuels durant la campagne présidentielle de 1988." Lille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL30006.
Full textFor a number of years, the way politics is conducted has been markedly altered. Among other things, the place where political debates were traditionally held is no longer what is used to be. Television is now one of their major stages. The french 1988 presidential campaign is a case in point. Considering that any text -whether written or audio-visual- clearly shows the speaker's communicative intentions, my objective has been to bring out the communicative strategies which underlie the representation of politics on television news. Consequently, the essential question to be answered is the following : who, in that specific context, controls the communicative intent, the candidate or the madia? the introduction to my doctorate presents a brief survey of the history of political communication, while endeavouring to show the reasons why television is so central in political debates. The first section analyses the relationship between television and government, aswell as the laws that control french television news. The second section is devoted to the 1988 campaign as such. Four main types of approach were used : a global approach, based on quantitative data, whereby the body politic is studied through quotations, photographs, documentaries and interviews about the candidates; an approach based on the candidates' scenography; an approach devoted to the shooting techniques; an approach based on the network of quotations about the candidates. In a recapitulative section, i assessed the various candidates according to their ability to apprehend the media logic and the conclusion assesses the consequences of this kind of public political communication and its possible evolution
Susca, Vincenzo. "La récréation du monde : les médias et les dérives transpolitiques de l'imaginaire postmoderne." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H089.
Full textThe rise of a culture industry represents a critical step in societal historyand indicates a radical reshaping of the realm of imagination and of daily life. In this new techno-social landscape, we observe a resurgence of political action and a progressive transfiguration of its status, language and content. This research focuses first on existing relationships between television and politics, then tracks the mutations of those relationships as precipitated by the advent of digital culture. Their current manifestation attains andsurpasses the historical trajectory of the 20th century avant-garde, in further establishing a realm of imagination separate from the existing games, aesthetics and emotions of experience. One great attribute of the postmodern realm of imagination is found in the multiplicity of communities and in their powerful communication; these "communicracies" are replacing the democracy and its obsolete political model before our very eyes
Boucher, Jean-Christophe. "LA PARTICIPATION DES ÉTATS À LA GESTION DES CRISES INTERNATIONALES (1946-2001). Entre raison d'État et raison humanitaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28576/28576.pdf.
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