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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mediation, International Mediation, International International relations'
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Beardsley, Kyle C. "Politics by means other than war understanding international mediation /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3211377.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 11, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 304-315).
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Lee, Su-Mi. "Mediator Impartiality and Mediator Interest." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/8.
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Scholars have debated whether mediator impartiality or mediator interest plays a more vital role in bringing about a successful outcome. This research develops a comprehensive model that accounts for mediation occurrence and medication outcome in terms of an additive model of both mediator impartiality and mediator interest. The two channels through which mediators influence the changes of mediation and occurrence and outcome are hypothesized to be two dimensions of trust, mediator fairness and mediator capacity. This research argues 1) that mediator impartiality contributes to successful mediation outcomes by improving disputants’ trust in mediators’ fairness and 2) that mediator interest increases the likelihood of successful mediation outcomes by improving disputants’ trust in mediators’ capacity. Therefore, this research hypothesizes that the levels of mediators’ impartiality and mediators’ interest do not have individual effects on mediation occurrence and outcome. It argues, rather, that the additive level of the two variables determines the likelihood of mediation occurrence and successful outcome. The hypotheses of this research are tested using quantitative analysis of 294 interstate mediation cases carried out by states between 1945 and 1999 and qualitative analyses of the Philippines’ mediation of the Borneo dispute between Malaya and Indonesia in 1964 and Syria’s mediation of the border dispute between North Yemen and South Yemen in 1979. Both sets of analyses support the researcher’s claim that it is the additive level of impartiality and interest, rather than the individual level of both variables, that affects the chance of mediation success being achieved.
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Ronnen, Edite. "Mediation in a conflict society : an ethnographic view on mediation processes in Israel." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/149/.
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This thesis addresses the question: how do individuals in a conflict society engage in peaceful dispute resolution through mediation? It provides a close look at Israeli society, in which people face daily conflicts. These include confrontations on many levels: the national, such as wars and terror attacks; the social, such as ethnic, religious and economic tensions; and the personal level, whereby the number of lawyers and legal claims per capita are among the highest in the world. The magnitude, pervasiveness, and often existential nature of these conflicts have led sociologists to label Israel a ‘conflict society’. Mediation practice came into this society and challenged the existing ethos and norms by proposing a discourse of dialogue and cooperation. The thesis focuses on the meeting point that mediation engenders between narratives of conflict, which have developed in this environment, and the mediation processes, which set out to achieve a collaborative discourse and mutual recognition. The fieldwork, forming the core of the thesis, consists of the observation of supervised mediation processes of civil disputes in two leading mediation centres, and interviews with professionals and key figures in the discipline. The wide variety of voices of a broad range of interviewees and many different parties provide for rich, qualitative data. The use of the narrative‐ethnographic approach in observing mediation processes helps identify key themes in participantsʹ narratives. The subsequent analysis leads to the insight that these mediation processes reflect, in a subtle way, the narratives, beliefs and needs of individuals in a conflict society. The findings from this study indicate that perceptions of life in a conflict society are clearly manifested through mediation processes. These place obstacles and inhibit the attainment of agreements. Yet, surprisingly, some of the findings also demonstrate an aversion to conflict and a well‐expressed desire to maintain communication and to achieve peaceful resolution.
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Favretto, Katja. "Mediation in the shadow of coercion the strategy of great power intervention in international conflicts /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835179511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Brandenburg, Natalie C. "Assembling practices of EU mediation in Myanmar and Georgia." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/57536/.
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The objective of this dissertation is to study the practices of mediation of the European Union (EU) in order to explore how the understanding of violent conflicts by EU officials is reflected in their ways of responding to them through practices of mediation. In late 2011 the in-house Mediation Support Team of the Union took office as part of implementing the Concept on Strengthening EU Mediation and Dialogue Capacities, adopted by the Council of the European Union in 2009. The group began to develop new practices of in-house mediation support, thereby engaging with the already existing efforts of the Union. This study sets out to trace the emergence of this loosely knitted web of practices - the assemblage of EU mediation - by drawing on the sociology of translation or Actor-NetworkTheory and on concepts of governmentality studies. It builds on the four moments of translation as developed by Michel Callon and refines them with the notion of political rationality and techne to assess what it is that makes the assemblage relatively durable. This dissertation argues that the seemingly incoherent and to an extent diverging practices of mediation are in fact organized around a reasoning on violent conflict which securitizes conflict. It is challenged by a transformative rationale which is advocated by the Mediation Support Team. However, the common denominator of both concepts is an understanding of how to build peace with sustainable economic development, the eradication of poverty, strong and democratic state institutions and an effective system of multilateralism as its main components. Taken together, this reasoning or political rationality gives rise to a state-centred approach to violent conflict which often plays out at the expense of a detailed conflict assessment as it simplifies the multiple realities and narratives of violent conflict. Two case studies of EU mediation practices in Myanmar and Georgia substantiate this argument. They are assessed through analysing the transcripts of 63 semi-structured interviews and textual artefacts. Moreover, the dissertation discovers an intriguing puzzle pertaining to how the political rationality of the assemblage of mediation is resisting any form of scrutinizing the underlying assumptions of the state-centred understanding of violent conflict. On the one hand, the Mediation Support Team fulfils a supportive role and did not manage to establish itself as an obligatory passage point of the assemblage which would define how to engage in mediation and require all other actors to pass through it. In fact, the codified practices of the Common Foreign and Security Policy authorize the Council of the European Union to determine the Union's foreign policy objectives, including mandating an actor to mediate on behalf of the EU, and calling for all efforts of resolving violent conflicts to be in line with Council policies. Accordingly, European Union Special Representatives or Heads of Delegations engage in those practices that engender a peace process. On the other hand, the study found that the practices of mediation support structure the way of thinking of EU officials on peace and conflict in that they introduce specific concepts such as the transformative approach to violent conflict and blur the boundaries between EU actors and external experts, thereby raising the question whether or not this will challenge the Union's concept of violent conflict in the future.
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Schricker, Ezra. "The Indirect Effects of Mediation: A Dynamic Model of Mediation and Conflict." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468844108.
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Galluccio, Mauro. "Cognition and emotion in international negotiation: a multidisciplinary perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210760.
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Onadipe, Abiodun Theophilus. "African third party mediation in African conflict : a comparative study of personal styles." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262616.
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Frazier, Derrick V. "Patterns of third-party and disputant-initiated mediation inmilitarized interstate disputes, 1946-1992." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280606.
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In this dissertation, I seek to explain mediation initiation in militarized interstate disputes. In large part this purpose serves to bridge an important gap in the mediation literature between the onset of mediation and its outcome. Specifically, I examine how various dispute, disputant and third party traits interact to foster a mediation attempt. In doing so, I focus on answering three related questions. First, what are the differences between third party and disputant initiated mediation? Second, why are the two types different? Third, what are the implications of these differences? A new dataset on third party intermediary interventions is utilized for this study, covering the post World War II period from 1946 to 1992. During this period, there are 1137 militarized interstate disputes, with 379 mediation attempts by third party actors. After a thorough description of the data and the manner in which the dataset was compiled, I empirically test various hypotheses concerning both third party and disputant initiated mediation as they relate to the conflict and mediation literatures. In doing so, I distinguish between three dimensions of a militarized dispute: power, severity and regime type. Additionally, I incorporate a triadic model of conflict management behavior that takes into account third party characteristics and linkages to disputants to explain mediation initiation. Finally, I disaggregate disputant initiated mediation to determine if different conditions lead to one or both disputants initiating mediation efforts. My results suggest that the conditions leading to third party initiation are rather different than those leading to disputant initiation. Most notable are how dispute factors such as territory, multilateral disputes and power asymmetry affect the likelihood of either type of initiation. Additionally, the role of third party characteristics like major power status and linkages such as trade and alliance ties are also found to be important in determining when third parties will initiate mediation. Such results on the whole suggest a further need to re-evaluate our observations about mediation outcome and mediation theory in general.
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Toch, Courtney Connolly 1985. "Enhancing Community Mediation Practices for Latinos: Incorporating Cultural Competencies from Oregon and Oaxaca." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11516.
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ix, 127 p. : col. ill., col. mapsCommunity mediation programs exist to provide the general public a low cost and efficient way to resolve disputes peacefully. Community mediation is a voluntary process in which skilled mediators facilitate a conversation between the disputants, but do not advocate or impose solutions. I question whether community mediation practices, mediators and mediation programs are responsive to minority cultures. This thesis conceptualizes culturally appropriate dimensions to add to dispute resolution practices for a Latino demographic. Using a comparative analysis of community mediation programs in Oaxaca, Mexico and in Oregon, I highlight areas of departure from more traditional views of mediation. I argue that such programs will be more effective by incorporating practices grounded in the Latino cultural context of each region, including greater attention to group-oriented priorities within families, engaging in more personal contact with disputants, provision of childcare, enhancing efforts to attract Spanish-speaking mediators, and training mediators in intra-generational cultural competency.
Committee in charge: Anita M.Weiss, Chairperson; Tim Hicks, Member; Galen Martin, Member
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Al, Saleh Abdullah R. "Conflict Analysis: Exploring the Role of Kuwait in Mediation in the Middle East." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3208.
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The Middle East is a large geographical area, and while people think of it as a homogeneous area in terms of language and culture, the region IS actually more of a melting pot of ethnic, religious, racial and linguistic groups. Understanding the distinctions between these groups is of paramount importance to understanding the region. Historical rivalries between some groups, for example, Sunni and Shia Muslims, go back hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years. Yet, people continue with life. How do countries continue to deal with each other when there are open, unsettled questions, such as boundaries or control of islands? Is there a resolution method that will finalize these issues for once and ever?
Chapter One will discuss methodology and research implementation. Chapter Two will review theories of conflict resolution as described in the literature. Chapter Three will review the historical background of conflict in the Middle East in general, these four conflicts in particular and the role that Kuwaiti diplomats played (to the limited extent that it can be determined). Chapter Four offers overall conclusions and suggestions.
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Kiel, Christina. "Private Diplomats, Mediation Professionals, and Peace Activists: Can Non-governmental Actors Bring Peace to Civil Wars?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1956.
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This dissertation investigates how actors without the means of state power can affect the behavior of warring parties in order to end civil conflicts. Drawing on the intervention and mediation literature, I propose a theoretical framework that presents causal mechanisms for various forms of non-state conflict management to contribute to conflict resolution. The research distinguishes between direct mediation, capacity-building, and problem-solving approaches, and analyzes the approaches’ potential contributions to shorter wars and more sustainable peace.
On the one hand, non-state actors can be substitutes for governmental or inter-governmental mediators. They derive legitimacy from long-standing relations with the conflict parties, and their claims to neutrality are more believable than those of powerful states with strong national interests. Further, a confidential and deliberate process can lead to more stable agreements. On the other hand, NGOs and others can prepare or enhance ongoing high-level negotiations by giving parties the tools they need to engage with each other constructively, and by improving attitudes and changing perceptions.
The data collected for this dissertation allows me to test hypotheses for the sample of African internal conflicts (1990-2010) with econometric means. Results confirm that non-state conflict management is a significant precursor to high-level mediation. I find further that conflict dyads that experience non-state conflict management in one year are significantly more likely to end in the following year. Unofficial diplomacy is significantly related to lower conflict severity, as well as to a more stable post-conflict peace.
The findings challenge the common assumption that governments are the only actors in international relations that matter. In fact, non-state actors make important contributions to conflict resolution, and conflict parties as well as governmental mediators should consider cooperating with them in their search for peace.
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Talpahewa, Chanaka Harsha. "Peace process in Sri Lanka and implications of the Norwegian involvement (2002-2008)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608245.
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Rosen, Lee H. "Navigation and Immersion of the American Identity in a Foreign Culture to Emergence as a Culturally Relative Ambassador." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4570.
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Abstract
Globalization is forcing many American college students to re-evaluate their perspective on foreign travel. If they are offered an opportunity to improve their cultural relativity skill set by immersing themselves into a new culture, the more astute students might choose to embark on that journey especially if it would result in resume enhancement. This paper focuses upon a group of twelve community college students' cross-cultural experiences, navigation techniques, and adaptation methods as student interns teaching conversational English in Changchun, China for a period of nine to thirteen weeks in spring 2011. Several areas of interest emerged from their experiences and observations to allow for pedagogical inquiry: the global divide between Chinese and American cultural and educational initiatives; utilization of social, economic, and cultural capital by some but not all participants; successful teaching methods to deal with different learning styles; and negotiation of identities to become effective teachers and cultural ambassadors. The body of analysis, conclusions, and interpretations sections identifies the successes and failures of the twelve subjects and suggests that there is importance to this ethnographic study for sociology and education scholars. The bottom-line significance becomes apparent as more future college graduates will be seeking work both inside and outside the US in education and business fields. As employers peruse college graduates' resumes for something substantially unique, a candidate who has lived and worked in an emerging foreign country can be a huge advantage for their career aspirations.
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Thornberg, Jack. "Distant Suffering : A multimodal analysis of the politics of pity in news agencies’ mediation of the chemical weapons attack on Khan Sheikhoun." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7014.
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This thesis explores of how American and British television mediated the crisis that started with the 4 April 2017 alleged chemical attack in Syria and culminated with the subsequent attack on Syria by the United States 7 April 2017. It builds upon a rich literature and focuses on the politics of pity in the mediated representation of distant suffering as set out by Luc Boltanski. The thesis utilizes a methodological approach which merges Lilie Chouliaraki’s ‘analytics of mediation’ with Roxanne Lynn Doty’s view of discourse analysis. The results find that CNNW mediated the distant suffering based on ostensibly a priori knowledge, whereas BBC News was more inclined to guide the spectators along a line of investigative reasoning.
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Berry, Chad Michael. "Looking for a Friend: Sino-U.S. Relations and Ulysses S. Grant's Mediation in the Ryukyu/Liuqiu Dispute of 1879." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397610312.
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Bohmelt, Tobias Friedrich Karl. "International Mediation Interaction : Synergy, Conflict, Effectiveness." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520079.
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Abdullah, Jamal. "La politique étrangère de l'État du Qatar (1995-2010) : contribution à la compréhension de la politique extérieure contemporaine d'un État du Golfe." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841738.
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Depuis l'accession au pouvoir de l'Emir Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani en 1995, le Qatar a considérablement évolué pour devenir un acteur incontournable dans la médiation internationale. Ce travail a pour objet d'étudier et d'analyser les évolutions de la politique étrangère qatarie depuis 1995, la nouvelle place de l'Émirat dans les relations internationales, ainsi qu'au sein des pays du Golfe. Il permet d'observer que le Qatar joue un rôle désormais prépondérant tant dans la médiation que dans les relations internationales
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Dobinson, Kristin. "Waging peace international mediation and Norwegian societh /." Online version, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.322805.
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Dobinson, Kristin. "Waging peace : international mediation and Norwegian society." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322805.
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Chabana, Lineo. "South Africa’s International Mediation Efforts : promoting the Participation of Women." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65076.
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Since the turn of the 21st century, the world has witnessed a change in conflict towards a greater incidence of intra-state conflict, while efforts to end it have also improved in a number of ways, at least in relation to conceptual and policy tools for resolution and peacebuilding. This applies to the situation in Africa as well. In response, on 31 October 2000, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted the Resolution 1325 that stressed the protection of women in conflict situations and called for and provided for a broad framework for empowering women to take part in the prevention and resolution of conflict including in peace building, post-conflict reconstruction and mediation. South Africa is considered one of the most progressive countries in the pursuit of empowerment of women evidenced in the large numbers of women in parliament, the passing of gender-sensitive policies that protect women from violence and prejudice, and the setting up of structures like SA Women in Dialogue to promote women involvement in peace-making. Whether the same progressive conduct can be found in relation to its implementation of the UNSCR 1325 on women, peace and security is uncertain. The literature is unclear about the implications of this failure to plan implementation as part of the discussion of the actual evidence of implementation of the resolution, if at all.
Of particular interest is that South Africa has also made a name for itself for championing peaceful resolution of conflict in line with the UN charter and the African Union’s Constitutive Act. Its mediation efforts in countries like Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho and Zimbabwe have received a lot of attention from political dialogues and academic discussions alike. Yet, this literature is silence on the extent to which South Africa has included women in mediation and the reasons why this has not been a remarkable achievement in spite of South Africa’s proud record in gender empowerment generally. Given the country’s involvement in mediation efforts, this study analyses whether these efforts have complied with UNSCR 1325 requirements of equal opportunity for appointment and inclusion of women as lead mediators and Special Envoys. Employing a feminist conflict theory lens on available primary and secondary data, the study finds that, indeed South Africa has not done enough consciously to implement the terms of the resolution and has performed poorly on the involvement of women in its sizeable list of mediation efforts, thus undermining the moral standing of its interventions. A number of reasons are offered to explain this including historical, institutional and societal ones. A few recommendations are outlined at the end.Mini Dissertation (MDips)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Political Sciences
MA Diplomatic Studies
Unrestricted
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Darby, Jonathan Michael. "The role of adjudication in the resolution of international environmental disputes and the development of international environment law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607996.
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Grimsel, Naadirah. "Changing world order : the Republic of Turkey's rise as a middle power." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86391.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Changes in world order have caused major shifts in the global positioning of states at the international level. The end of the Cold War ushered in a new power structure that shifted from a bipolar arrangement to a multipolar disposition. The emergence of this new world order allowed for emerging and developing states, such as Turkey, the opportunity to fill gaps left by the power vacuum created by the new multipolar power arrangement. This led the Turkish state on its path to become a middle power within the new world order. To assess the impact of changing world orders in the promotion of Turkey as a middle power in the new order, this study uses Coxian Critical Theory and the social relations of forces framework to account for Turkey’s middle power ascent. The framework developed by Robert Cox consists of three aspects, namely world orders, forms of state and the social relations of production. The change in world order both in the post-Cold War and post-2001 era has caused fundamental shifts within the Turkish state, both in terms of forms of state and in the social relations of production. Changes in the forms of state of the Turkish Republic following the end of the Cold War allowed for the creation of more robust civil society organizations, and a state that was transformed by the spread of international norms that originated at the world order level. International norms at the world order level not only affected the forms of state, but also the social relations of production and the political economy of Turkey. As a result changes in the forms of state and social relations of production informed by changes at the world order level, influenced the creation and execution of a proactive autonomous and internationally geared Turkish foreign policy, which is indicative of a middle power.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aanpassings in die wêreld orde het grootskaalse verskuiwings op internasionale vlak in die globale positionering van state te weeg gebring. Die einde van die Koue Oorlog het ontwikkel in ‘n nuwe mag struktuur wat beweeg het van bipolêre magskikking tot multi-polêre ingesteldheid. Die opkoms van hierdie nuwe wêreld orde het vir opkomende en ontwikkelende state, soos Turkye, die geleentheid gebied om in rolle in te tree wat ontstaan het as gevolg van die magsleemte wat veroorsaak is deur die nuwe multi-polêre orde. Die faktore het daartoe bygedra dat Turkye ‘n nuwe rol as ‘n intermedïere moondheid (‘middle power’) begin aanneem het. Hierdie studie het die Kritiese Teorie van Robert Cox gebruik om te bepaal wat die impak is van die veranderende wêreld orde op die ontwikkeling van Turkye as ‘n intermedïere moondheid in die nuwe wêreld orde, asook die mag van sosiale verwantskappe (‘social relations of forces’) raamwerk om rekenskap te gee and Turkye se rol as intermedïere moondheid. Die raamwerk wat deur Robert Cox ontwikkel is bestaan uit drie aspekte; die wêreld ordes, staatsvorme, en die sosiale verwantskappe van produksie. In beide die post- Koue Oorlog en die post-2001 era het die verandering in wêreld orde merkwaardige verskuiwings in die Turkse staat veroorsaak; beide in terme van die aard van die staat asook die sosiale verwantskappe van produksie. Teen die einde van die Koue Oorlog het die veranderinge in die aard van die staat van die Turkse Republiek toegelaat dat meer kragtige burgerlike samelewingsorganisasies kon bestaan, sowel as ‘n staat wat omskep was deur die verspreiding van internasionale norme, wat ontstaan het op wêreld orde vlak. Hierdie internasionale norme het nie net die forms of state vorm of aard van die staat beïnvloed nie, maar ook die sosiale verwantskappe van produksie en die politieke ekonomie van Turkye. Uit die aard van die saak het veranderinge in die vorm van die staat en sosiale verwantskappe van produksie wat veroorsaak was deur die verandering op wêreld orde vlak, gelei tot die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van ‘n pro-aktiewe, selfstandige en internationaal gerigte Turkse buitelandse beleid. Die laasgenoemde dui aan op Turkye se ewolusie as ʼn intermedïere moondheid.
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Wilking, Felix. "The enforcement and setting aside of mediation settlement agreements : a comparison between German and international commercial mediation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16938.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe number of disputes solved through mediation has increased steadily over the last centuries. A mediation settlement agreement is supposed to end a dispute. But from time to time it can be the beginning of a new dispute. Parties to the mediation settlement agreement might want to get rid of it meanwhile the other party seeks for enforcement of the agreement. This minor dissertation examines the possibilities of the parties as to the questions of enforcing and setting aside of mediation settlement agreements in Germany and in international mediation. It furthermore deals with the attempts of international unification through the EU Directive 2008/52/EC and the proposed UNCITRAL Convention on International Commercial Mediation and Conciliation.
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Kim, Florence. "La diplomatie des sociétés civiles dans le bassin méditerranéen." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111011.
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Les échecs successifs des partenariats et tentatives de coopération dans la zone méditerranéenne ont montré les limites aux modèles diplomatiques employés jusqu’à présent et ont révélé le besoin de renouveler la participation des divers acteurs en présence. Dès lors, il s’est agi de déplacer le centre de gravité de l’activité diplomatique en Méditerranée afin d’élaborer un modèle de « diplomatie collective durable », par lequel la région pourrait servir de vecteur de modélisation pour les régionalisations actuelles ou futures, seules véritables réponses à une mondialisation croissante. Par le biais de l’analyse historique et contemporaine de l’exercice de la diplomatie ainsi que de l’évolution de la définition de la politique étrangère et grâce à l’exposé de l’effervescence intellectuelle autour de l’ouverture de l’activité diplomatique à des acteurs non gouvernementaux, il a été permis de présenter l’articulation entre les notions de diplomatie et de Société civile dans l’histoire et dans la théorie et d’en exposer les manifestations sur le terrain de la zone méditerranéenne. De ces manifestations, il a été conclu à un véritable état de fait de la diplomatie des Sociétés civiles. Face à cette phénoménologie de la diplomatie des Sociétés civiles dans les relations internationales, encouragée par les instances supranationales notamment, a été étudiée l’existence de l’insertion formelle de la Société civile dans l’ordre international afin d’envisager les divers fondements juridiques de sa participation. Dès lors, des textes internationaux ont servi aux recherches et ont permis de retracer l’évolution des relations internationales initialement exclusivement statocentrées mais qui se sont progressivement ouvertes à de nouveaux acteurs. Par ailleurs, il a été essentiel de procéder à la détermination du sujet de cette insertion à l’ordre juridique international et d’identifier l’existence d’une « Société civile internationale », simple acteur des relations internationales ou véritable sujet de droit international. Étant donnée la particularité de la région étudiée et les nécessités spécifiques qui en découlent, la zone a révélé un vrai potentiel afin d’intégrer voire d’institutionnaliser ce renouvellement diplomatique. Véritable modélisation régionale, la Méditerranée pourrait servir de laboratoire aux propositions contenues dans la thèse et qui tendraient à faire d’elle une zone pacifiée et stabiliséeThe consecutive failures of the successive cooperation and partnerships in the Mediterranean region have shown the limitations of the current diplomatic models and has also revealed the need to renew the participation of various actors on the international stage. Therefore, the dissertation has aimed to move the center of gravity of the diplomatic activity in the Mediterranean (mainly intergovernmental) in order to develop a model of “collective sustainable diplomacy” by which the region could serve as a model for current or future regionalizations, sole real answers to the increasing globalization. Through historical and contemporary analysis of the practice of diplomacy by civil societies and also through the presentation of the intellectual ferment allowing the expansion of diplomacy to non-state actors, it has been possible to show the signs of an existing diplomacy by these actors on the Mediterranean field. Facing this phenomenon of a less intergovernmental diplomacy, greatly encouraged by supranational organizations, we studied the existence of its formal insertion in the international legal order and presented various legal bases of the participation of civil societies to the diplomatic process. This analysis revealed the lack of a legal status of the so-called “international civil society” and highlighted the denial by the states of an official diplomatic action of this actor. This conclusion led to elaborate a Mediterranean model of action, integrating all stakeholders for a more collective and thus, sustainable diplomacy. Given the peculiarity and special needs of the study area, the Mediterranean has revealed a real potential to integrate, nay, institutionalize this diplomatic renewal. As a real regional modeling, the Mediterranean region could be used as a laboratory for the proposals contained in the dissertation, which could tend to make it a pacified and stabilized region
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Onyango, Moses. "Regionalism and conflict resolution in the Horn of Africa : the role of inter-governmental authority on development in the Sudanese civil war." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007715.
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This thesis expounds the theoretical underpinnings of problem-solving approach to conflict resolution. It also criticizes the traditional state-centric approach to conflict resolution being followed by the Inter Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in the Sudanese civil war. IGAD was initially known as Inter Governmental Authority on Drought and Desertification (IGADD), but was renamed IGAD in 1996. Its objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict prevention, resolution, and management, and humanitarian affairs. It is stipulated in the thesis that IGAD faces problems that need attention if the Sudanese civil war is to be resolved. A key problem is that while IGAD's objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict resolution, IGAD's management structure has remained the same. The management structure is state-centric and lacks neutrality, which is a very important ingredient in deep-rooted social conflict resolution. The management structure, which was initially based on combating drought and desertification, was not restructured to conform to the realities of a problem solving approach to conflict resolution. The committee that was formed to look into the Sudanese conflict is composed of states in dispute with Sudan. The other structural problem cited in the thesis is that the IGAD peace process is cumbersome and does not include all aggrieved parties. The meetings involve heads of state, ministers, ambassadors and other government representatives. The peace process is not inclusive of other important players such as other rebel movements. This thesis concludes that: 1. there is a need for peace keeping forces from neutral African Union (AU) member states; 2. conflict resolution specialists are deployed in the region whose main task would be to assist the belligerent groups to reach a common understanding of their problems; 3. the United Nations (UN) acts proactively to create international awareness to the Sudanese problem.
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Jackson, Richard D. W. "Negotiation versus mediation in international conflict: Deciding how to manage violent conflicts." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8905.
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The thesis is an attempt to fill the theoretical and empirical gap in current conflict management research, which has failed to examine methods of conflict management comparatively. Two dominant paradigms exist, neither of which is adequate to the task of comparing negotiation and mediation in the real world of international politics: the Psychology paradigm and the Third Party Intervention paradigm. An alternative theoretical framework, the Contingency framework of negotiation and mediation was therefore, constructed. This model suggests that negotiation and mediation are conceptually and empirically different, and specifies a series of contextual and process variables which are vital to any examination of conflict management. Utilising a unique data set of thousands of cases of negotiation and mediation coded according to the variables specified in the Contingency model, a general bivariate analysis, followed by a more in-depth multivariate analysis, revealed a number of important differences and similarities between the two methods. The results suggest that negotiation and mediation are different forms of conflict management, which are most likely to be successful under contrasting conditions in international politics. Negotiation is the most successful method overall, but tends to be limited to low intensity, interstate conflicts. Mediation tends to occur in the most intense, intractable, and primarily civil conflicts, and is useful under a number of onerous circumstances.
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Mwagiru, Makumi. "The international management of internal conflict in Africa : the Uganda mediation, 1985." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240370.
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Fretter, Judith M. "Effective mediation in international disputes: A comparative analysis of mediation by the United Nations and regional organisations 1945-1995." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4682.
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This dissertation comparatively analyses the use and effectiveness of international mediation by the United Nations and six regional organisations namely, The League of Arab States (AL), the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the European Union (EU) the Organisation of American States (OAS), the Organisation for African Unity (OAU) and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). When reviewing the literature it became evident that a comparative expose of organisation mediation was overdue. Research on international mediation posits that mediation success is contingent on several contextual and process factors. This thesis sought to determine which of the contextual factors affecting international mediation also influenced organisation mediation. Secondly, similarities and differences between UN and regional organisation mediation are identified and examined.
In addition to considering the effect of contextual factors on mediation, the analysis takes into consideration the impact of various levels of interorganisational cooperation. The UN and regional organisations are obligated to cooperate in the peaceful settlement of international disputes, however very little is known about the effectiveness of their joint mediation efforts. Indeed, the nature of interorganisational relations in international mediation has never been empirically examined. Taking into account actual mediator experiences, inter organisational mediation activities are categorised to reflect three different levels of cooperation: independent participation, coordination and cooperation. This research takes a unique look at the impact of organisation cooperation on mediation to gain more insight into how organisations function in a 'mediating relationship'. The analysis leads to a re-evaluation of systemic cooperation once the reality of interorganisational cooperation is revealed.
This study enlarges an extensive data set of international mediation to analyse specific elements of organisation mediation. New data was coded to comply with the existing data set and was fitted to' conform to the framework of the contingency model. The empirical analysis, using bivariate and multivariate methods, identifies several organisational characteristics and differences. While this study does not provide definitive answers on how to apply mediation more effectively, the results have some predictive value in determining the strengths and weaknesses in organisation mediation practices. Findings suggest that though the UN and regional organisations mediate effectively in different dispute conditions, cooperative mediation offers the greatest potential. Despite the intense conditions in which cooperation occurred and the fact that organisation cooperation is still largely ad hoc, lacking structure and recognition, cooperative mediation was remarkably successful.
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To, Christopher. "International standards for commercial mediators." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24165.
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This paper talks about the international standards for commercial mediators. It introduces the standards of eight different jurisdictions and afterwards, evaluates whether there should be one accrediting standard for all international commercial mediators. In the introduction chapter, the paper talks about the problems with the current legal system and then explains the growth of mediation in today’s society. By discussing the nature and practice of mediation, whether mediation should be compulsory or voluntary in light of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, rationale of the various jurisdictions covered, the paper then talks about the attributes that make a good mediator as well as the accreditation and training of mediators. From chapter two to chapter nine, the paper focuses on eight jurisdictions in which mediation is firmly enshrined within one legal culture to those that are just embarking on the concept (namely Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Hong Kong, California and Canada). Each chapter talks about the developments of commercial mediation, law and institutions as well as training and accreditation of mediators within their respective jurisdictions. In the concluding chapter, it discusses whether there should be one accrediting standard for international commercial mediators by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of having one accrediting standard as well as the author’s analysis and point of view on the subject.
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Quiniou, Matthieu. "Le contentieux du transfert de connaissances dans les relations entre l'Union européenne et la Chine." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020049.
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Face à la mutation des modalités des échanges internationaux et à l'accentuation du commerce de biens intellectuels entre entreprises de traditions différentes, des réajustements des modèles contractuels et un réordonnancement des modes de règlement des différends semblent inévitables. La nature juridique incertaine des connaissances secrètes, en Chine et dans l’Union européenne est un obstacle à la formalisation de leur transfert et par conséquent à la définit ion d’un cadre de résolution des différends adapté. Si les propositions de lois et de direct ive se multiplient pour définir cette notion et son régime, l’approche retenue est souvent limitée à la dimension délictuelle de la divulgation de la connaissance. La recherche menée, tout en tenant compte des atteintes portées au secret, se focalise principalement sur le transfert volontaire de connaissances. Pour répondre aux besoins des acteurs du commerce international, ces opérations ne peuvent plus être limitées aux seuls contrats de « communication de savoir - faire ». Si les notions de « bien intellectuel » et de « possession intellectuelle »permettent de justifier théoriquement d’autres formes contractuelles, les droits chinois et européen se réfèrent aux cessions et licences de connaissances. Ces opérations, souvent insérées dans un ensemble contractuel complexe et réalisées entre parties de cultures différentes,peuvent engendrer des différends variés. Lorsque ces différends apparaissent,le degré de confidentialité assuré devant les juridictions nationales étudiées ne permet pas de répondre aux attentes légitimes des parties. Les différences de cultures processuelles des parties et la culture chinoise du règlement amiable des différends invitent aussi à éviter le recours aux juridictions nationales. Les combinaisons entre médiat ion et arbitrage, par leur grande flexibilité procédurale, peuvent fournir un cadre de résolut ion adapté aux exigences tant économiques que culturelles des parties. Dans cet esprit, la thèse propose la mise en place d’un Règlement de M²arb avec un médiateur–expert, garant de la confidentialité du processus de résolut ion des différendsFacing the evolution of international trade and the development of intellectual proper ty trade between companies from different backgrounds, contractual model readjustments and a reordering of dispute resolution systems seems unavoidable. The unsettled legal status of secret knowledge in China and in the EU can be an obstacle to the formalization of their transfer and therefore inhibits the definition of a suitable framework for resolving disputes. Legislators and scholars are currently debating proposals of laws and directives to elaborate this concept and its regime, but only address issues liketor t and disclosure of secret information. Legal scholarship to date has mainly been focused on the voluntary transfer of knowledge and has taken intoaccount the damage caused to secrets. To meet the needs of business operators, these operations should not be limited to "know-how communication contracts” (contrats de communication de savoir - faire). The concepts of “ intellectual good” and " intellectual ownership" theoretically justifyother types of contracts, while Chinese and European laws refer to assignment and license of trade secret . These operations, often provided for in a complexs et of contracts between parties from different cultural backgrounds, can lead to a wide variety of disputes. When disputes occur, national courts do not always provide a level of protect ion of confidential information that meets parties’ expectations. Differences in procedural cultures as well as the Chinese culture of amicable dispute settlement prevent the parties from relying on national courts. The combinations between mediation and arbitration, by their procedural flexibility, can provide a suitable dispute resolution framework taking into account economic and cultural considerations. Therefore, this thesis proposes M² arb Rules that introduce a mediator-expert with a mission of securing knowledge confidentiality during the dispute resolution process
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Mathews, Julie. "Mediating academic literacy practices in a second language : portraits of Turkish scholars of international relations." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84530.
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This longitudinal inquiry into the academic literacy practices of ten Turkish scholars of International Relations (IR) attempts to answer three broad questions: what factors have affected the participants' acquisition and maintenance of academic reading and writing skills; what patterns of similarities and differences can be found among their literacy practices; and what relationships might be discovered between the various factors and the scholars' literacy practices. Data for the study were collected through observations, autobiographical accounts of the participants' literacy practices via interviews, and textual analysis of the participants' published works.The theoretical framework for the study draws on neo-Vygotskian Activity Theory and Bakhtinian Dialogic Theory, to create a model for uncovering and understanding the contextual factors mediating scholars' academic literacy practices. The model begins with the assumption that scholars operate within multiple "activity systems" (Engstrom, 1990), in this case: (1) the core American IR discipline; (2) the local Turkish IR discipline/particular Turkish IR departments; and (3) Turkish society. The model reconceptualizes the idea of activity systems as "filters," which mediate individuals' production and reception of texts, i.e. their literacy practices. Conflicts may arise according to the "thickness" of a filter and depending on the "operational means" acceptable within it.
By contributing to a deeper understanding of how people acquire and maintain academic literacy skills in a second language the study ultimately aims to aid in the construction of pedagogical models and approaches that reflect the complex nature of these multi-lingual literacy practices.
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Röhner, Nora. "The peacemaking triangle the United Nations as a mediator in international conflicts /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-43318.
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Boillat, Emilie. "International Mediation The Role of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05600531001/$FILE/05600531001.pdf.
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Filsinger, Kerry Bradley. "Webs of Interactions: International Perspectives on Cultural Music Mediation Among Adults and Young Children." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216517.
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Music EducationPh.D.
In this qualitative phenomenological inquiry, I explore how an international group of early childhood music teachers describe creating music-learning environments for young children. As members of the Early Childhood Music Education Commission of the International Society for Music Education, the nine research participants share a common interest in contributing to early childhood music education. I was interested in understanding how members of that group perceived creating music-learning environments for young children. I wondered: What are early childhood music teachers' perceptions of music-learning environments for young children; What shapes their perceptions; and How do early childhood music teachers strive to create an environment conducive for young children's music learning? Using tenets of narrative inquiry, I restory this study as a conversation in a coffee shop. Imagine there's an international early childhood music conference in your town. During a conference break, I walk into your favorite coffee shop. You stand in a long line waiting to order. I walk in and take my place behind you in line, and we begin a conversation about children's music learning. Eventually, colleagues who are attending the conference (i.e., the nine research participants) join us. During our conversation, you and I discuss our experiences with understanding and creating early childhood music-learning environments. Next, we talk with the nine research participants about how they create music-learning environments for young children and I reveal the essence of their shared experience: participants view themselves as cultural music mediators, believing it is their job to mediate music interactions among adults and young children. Finally, you and I discuss implications for parents, early childhood music teachers, early childhood general education teachers, and pre-service music and general education teachers. We talk about ways they can become cultural music mediators, and create webs of music interactions for adults and young children. After reading this study, I invite you to visit my Facebook page, Music-Learning Environments for Young Children, to contribute thoughts and questions.
Temple University--Theses
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Abdullah, Muhammad Tahir. "Role of UAE courts in international commercial arbitration." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/305727.
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Concept of arbitration has been prevalent, historically, in the Middle East since the early days of Islam. The arbitral process has been problematic in the UAE however, it has not been until recently that the UAE has recognized the importance of arbitration as a powerful dispute resolution alternative and revised its legislation to accommodate the proceedings of domestic and international arbitration. In the past, foreign investors have been reluctant to select the UAE seat for their arbitration proceedings. There has been a perception that, as a general rule, the practice of international commercial arbitration in the Middle East is still in its infancy. The UAE is now demonstrating to the international community that it has the necessary infrastructure and laws in place to successfully count itself as one of the key arbitration players, alongside London, Paris and Hong Kong. This has been the result of the UAE updating their laws, reforming dispute resolution practice and procedures and through the establishment of key regional arbitration centres. The UAE's accession to the New York Convention was also seen as a significant step in demonstrating the UAE's commitment to foreign investors and the international community. Under Federal Decree No. 43 of 2006, the UAE managed to accede to the New York Convention. The UAE's accession is considered as a mile stone towards provision for a more straightforward arbitral process and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in other Convention states. As a recent development, the UAE has evidenced the joint venture between the Dubai International Financial Centre ('the DIFC') and the London Court of International Arbitration ('the LCIA'), in February 2009, to create the DIFC-LCIA Arbitration Centre ('the DIFC~LCIA'). The DIFC-LCIA operates alongside the longer-established Dubai International Arbitration Centre ('the DlAC'). Both offer their own procedural rules and regulations for the amicable settlement of disputes through arbitration. The Courts role is vital in an arbitral proceeding in any jurisdiction. Although arbitration is believed as a court-free, independent forum for dispute resolution; the court plays fundamental role to ensure that the arbitral proceeding is taking place in a moderate and independent decorum. The UAE Court's role towards the International commercial arbitration has been very problematic and the courts historically used to intervene in the arbitral proceeding over tiny issues. The new UAE arbitration laws has changed the situation and curtailed the courts powers to interfere the arbitral proceeding. At present, the arbitration in the UAE is more independent and straightforward. The proposed UAE arbitration law has much more similarities with the Model Law UNCITRAL and meets the International standards. A lot of work still has to be done in order to make the arbitration more independent, straightforward and friendly in the UAB. The Court's role is vital and is required to be more supportive then it is at present in the arbitral process.
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Lindgren, Mathilda. "Peacemaking Up Close : Explaining Mediator Styles of International Mediators." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300488.
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Scholarly work on international mediation suggests that how third parties mediate influences the resolution of armed conflicts. However, our understanding of what explains mediator style is limited. This dissertation addresses this gap by offering the first systematic study on explanations for mediator styles at the level of the individual. It explores the research question: what explains mediator styles of individuals mediating for peacemaking organizations in armed conflicts? Mediator style is studied as themes in goals and behaviors along two dimensions: directiveness and orientation. Directiveness covers a mediator's use of leverage and varies from non-directive to directive, while orientation covers a mediator's prioritized type of outcome and varies from relationship-oriented to settlement-oriented. The dissertation develops a theoretical framework on the effects of conflict context and mediator characteristics on mediator style. It formulates a set of theoretical expectations concerning how context in the form of conflict intensity, and characteristics such as the mediator's background profile and personality, influence mediator style. The framework is evaluated and developed based on the findings of a mixed-method design combining a survey experiment and 46 semi-structured in-depth interviews with a broad variety of IGO and NGO mediators. The results on context suggest that high-intensity conflicts make mediators on average more directive than low-intensity conflicts as a result of heightened humanitarian concerns. Furthermore, on characteristics, high-profile mediators are shown to be overall more settlement-oriented than low-profile mediators as a result of their views on conflict causes and mediator accountabilities. These findings are complemented with evidence for contingent relationships between conflict intensity, mediator personality and directiveness as well as conflict intensity, mediator profile and orientation. The study thus contributes with a refined understanding of the mediator styles of international mediators that both facilitates its further scholarly exploration and provides input to the practice of peacemaking.
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Hoffman, Evan Allan. "Power Dynamics and Spoiler Management: Mediation and the Creation of Durable Peace in Armed Conflicts." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2902.
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The creation of durable peace following armed conflicts has been widely researched from a variety of perspectives. There is much less research, however, concerning when and why mediation can produce durable peace because most mediation research focuses on achieving a short-term success as indicated by the creation of a new peace agreement.
This is an exploratory study which examines several factors considered to be important for the creation of durable peace. This study finds that the two most important factors are the power dynamics between the parties and the management of spoilers. Moreover, this study finds that these two factors are interlinked inasmuch that changes to the parties' levels of power can facilitate the emergence of spoilers. These findings are based on the systematic examination of mediation in four cases of armed conflict by utilizing a modified contingency model of mediation which is tested against the mediations conducted in the 1973 Egyptian-Israeli war, the Bosnian war, the third Angolan war, and the first Chechen war.
This study argues that a well-designed agreement can shift the power dynamics between the parties so that their struggle for power will not take violent forms, and it can help prevent the emergence of new spoilers because it does not favor one party more than the other. Well designed agreements can be created even when the balance of power between the parties is unequal, and efforts to further weaken the already weaker party should be avoided because it can contribute to the emergence of spoilers from within the disputing parties.
An original model for durable peace which accounts for these new findings is then developed. This model argues that to create durable peace mediators must produce good agreements that are balanced and channel the struggle for power into nonviolent mechanisms
and processes, and manage the spoilers who threaten the peace.
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Koopmans, Sven Michael George. "Diplomatic dispute settlement : the use of inter-state conciliation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670090.
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Enghel, Florencia. "Video letters, mediation and (proper) distance : A qualitative study of international development communication in practice." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34448.
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This study scrutinizes the trajectory of an international development communication intervention aimed at mediating, rendering public and mobilizing processes of reconnection among estranged citizens across the former Yugoslavia. The intervention, which took place between 2000 and 2005 in the wider context of post-conflict international development assistance and peacebuilding operations in the region, was known as the Videoletters project. Centered on a documentary TV series aimed at promoting the reestablishment of relationships among ordinary people affected by ethno-political divisions, Videoletters was adopted by European bilateral funders for large-scale implementation and categorized as a “tool for reconciliation”. Starting from an understanding of communication as a right to which citizens are entitled, as a responsibility of practitioners and institutions, and as a capability that is socially distributed in unequal ways and has an ambiguous potential, the study looks into the contextualized potential and limitations of international development communication intervention to attend to the citizens that it is supposed to benefit. By providing rich empirical details about a process of intervention, the study argues in concrete terms for the study of development communication not as a presumably positive tool, but as an institutionally driven practice that may or may not strengthen conditions of justice, with consequences that will differ depending on the specificity of sociopolitical situations in time and space. Depending on contextual and institutional conditions and on the forms of mediation privileged/disregarded throughout the process, the deployment of a specific development communication intervention may/may not foster proper distance, and thus strengthen/weaken conditions of justice for the citizens under consideration, who are subject to the governance structure of international development assistance. By linking the practice of international development communication to a framework of justice, the study brings the political and ethical dimensions of said practice to the fore and contributes to a critical agenda for theorization and research that takes accountability into consideration and puts citizens at the center.
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Denifl, Örtegren Julia. "Ethical Dilemmas in Mediation of International Aid : We Effect's Visual Communication from Kenya to Sweden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38605.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how international development organizations are working to communicate campaigns and photographs from one cultural context to another. Additionally, will challenges in making campaigns which are both ethical appropriate and engaging be highlighted and discussed in relation to today’s impatient media landscape where globalization and development are dominated by economic interests. This research follows the international development cooperation We Effect and explore their whole media production process while making external communication from the work in Kenya to the target group in Sweden. The researcher has done interviews with decision makers at the head office in Stockholm, regional communicators in Nairobi, independent photographers and farmers in the fields of Kenya, visible in We Effect’s campaigns in Sweden. Additionally, ethnographical observations and diary notes contribute to answer the question how international organizations are planning, creating and distributing ethical and engaging media about development organizations long-term development work. In theoretical discussions, anchored in concepts about global culture, cosmopolitanism and how to mediate distant others, together with previous literature by Lilie Chouliaraki, Roger Silverstone and Stuart Hall, will this research state that there are several challenges in communicating messages from one cultural context to another. The distance, both geographical and mental, makes it challenging for the media producers and spectators to understand the same message; this research states that both the media producers and spectators’ interpretations of photographs and messages are dependent on their cultural background.
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Lewis, Lizani. "The application and reconstruction of international law by domestic courts : an analytical framework for the judicial mediation of a cosmopolitan and emancipatory international law." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4713.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The end-goal of this study is to promote a bottom up reconstruction of international law. This implies, first, that reconstruction is necessary, and, second, that such reconstruction has substantive merit. As humanity heads into the future in 'Lifeboat Earth', a number of global storms are brewing, ranging from catastrophic environmental degradation to an economic meltdown and political instability, accompanied by grave human suffering – all of which can be addressed only through ecumenical cooperation at a global level. This, in turn, presupposes a global system of regulation. Thus far, the only regime available has been international law. Hence, it is imperative that it is (or becomes) justifiable, persuasive and relevant for all its participants and recipients. The study construes this to mean that international law must be cosmopolitan, that is, globally relevant and counter-hegemonic, and thereby emancipatory, which signifies a normative order wherein human potential can flourish.
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Molthof, Mieke. "International Contact Groups in the Field of Peacemaking." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324955.
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Despite the growing prominence of ‘international contact groups’ in the field of peacemaking, there is little academic attention for such ad hoc informal negotiating groups of third-party states. This study seeks to contribute to this understudied topic by investigating under what conditions contact groups are most likely to achieve negotiation success. Based on the framework of ‘recognition theory’, I argue that respect for each member as equal partner of the negotiating group helps to prevent obstructive behaviour. It is therefore hypothesised that ‘recognition for all members of the contact group enhances the likelihood of reaching agreement on a peacemaking strategy’. This is tested by means of a structured focused comparison in a most-similar cases design, studying two contact groups that operated during the 1999 conflict in Kosovo. I subsequently probe the generalisability of my findings by extending the analysis with a third case of contact group negotiations on Syria in 2012. The empirical findings provide support for the hypothesis and hint at the theory’s relevance in today’s context of increasingly dispersed power and mediation leverage. Nevertheless, further research is needed to establish with greater validity and reliability the effect of recognition and how it relates to other conditions for success.
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Porto, João Gomes. "The role of conflict analysis in conflict resolution : reflections on international mediation : the case of Angola." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269092.
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Suzue, Kazuhiro. "The Cognitive Diversity-creative Performance Relationship and the Mediating Effect of Power-distance Orientation: A Study of Japan-based Organizations in the U.S." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13903564.
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Encouraging employees to contribute their unique creative outputs to an organization can be a pivotal source of innovation and continuous organizational growth. Cognitive diversity has been demonstrated to increase group creativity, but the same effect on an individual level at multinational corporations has not yet been tested. Using a sample of 122 employees currently employed at Japan-based organizations/companies in the U.S., this study theorized that cognitive diversity was predicted to significantly interact to influence individual creative performance, and that power distance orientation mediates such a relationship. Several simple and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to test the model. The results showed that cognitive diversity significantly predicted individual creative performance. Although the mediation effect of power distance orientation was not detected on a relationship between cognitive diversity and individual creative performance, a moderating effect was identified through an exploratory analysis. This study concludes with a discussion on the contributions to cognitive diversity and the implications of the results for research and potential future research objectives.
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Zongo, Windata Miki. "La sécurité comme enjeu de politique étrangère en Afrique : analyse par les médiations du Burkina Faso dans les crises politiques en Afrique de l'Ouest : 1991-2012." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB198.
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Concept des Relations Internationales justifiant l'action extérieure des États, l'intérêt national est une notion toujours omniprésente dans les discours des gouvernants, mais dont la nature et la finalité s'avèrent à la fois subtiles et diversifiées. L'avènement du Multilatéralisme et son objectif de la sécurité internationale, en constitue une parfaite mise à l'épreuve. En effet, malgré l'émergence des structures légitimes, l'État, par un discours et une implication opérationnelle dans ses actions extérieures, s'affirme en tant qu'acteur de la sécurité internationale. Cet investissement, loin du discours sur des objectifs relevant du symbolique, participe dans la réalité, à une stratégie minutieusement orchestrée au nom de l'intérêt national. Sur le continent africain, on assiste ainsi à une émergence de politiques étrangères et d'actions diplomatiques étatiques apparemment vouées à la sécurité internationale mais relevant de l'intérêt national. La présente analyse, par une approche constructiviste, entend ainsi démontrer que la pratique des médiations entreprise par le Burkina Faso dans la sous-région de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, loin des discours sur la sécurité de la zone véhiculés, est une illustration de cette tendanceAs concept of International Relations justifying foreign action of States, the national interest is a notion always present in the governement leaders speeches about foreign affairs. But its meaning and its purpose are subtle and diversified as the introduction of Multilateralism and its objective of international security show. Despite the emergence of legitimate structures, the State gets involved for international security in foreign actions through discourse and implication. This implication, far from a discourse of symbolic objectives, takes part in an accurately orchestrated strategy in the name of national interest. Thus, on the African continent, we attend the emergence of foreign policies and national diplomatic actions dedicated to international security. This analysis demonstrates by the constructivist approach that the practices of mediation by Burkina Faso in West Africa participates in this trend - in contrast to the disseminated discourse of security in this subregion
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Kocaman, Anil [Verfasser], Peter W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulze, Walter [Gutachter] Reese-Schäfer, and Anja [Gutachter] Jetschke. "Double Deterrence and International Mediation / Anil Kocaman ; Gutachter: Walter Reese-Schäfer, Anja Jetschke ; Betreuer: Peter W. Schulze." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154590291/34.
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Duursma, Allard. "African solutions to African challenges : explaining the role of legitimacy in mediating civil wars in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:054ebfd1-ee08-4dee-b694-cb462361fece.
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The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of armed conflicts predominantly draws on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. In this dissertation I argue against those that highlight material power when explaining outcomes of international mediation processes. Indeed, this dissertation shows that legitimacy, far more than capacity, determines outcomes of mediation. The reason why legitimacy matters so much is that if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutual satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties towards compliance, but if a mediator loses legitimacy, no amount of material resources will prove sufficient in mediating the conflict. In other words, material capacity in the form of economic and military resources may be useful to successfully mediate a conflict, but it is rarely sufficient. Through scrutinising international mediation processes in civil wars in Africa, I develop a theory that explains how mediators are effective because of a high degree of legitimacy rather than military or economic capacity. More specifically, I show how legitimacy matters through comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically referred to as ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, African third parties are effective in mediating civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type of mediation in conflicts in Africa. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2012, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African third parties, African third parties are far more likely to conclude peace agreements and these peace agreements are more likely to be durable. Two case studies, in which several mediation efforts in civil wars in Sudan are examined, further probe the causal mechanisms that I put forward to explain the effectiveness of African mediation. While I do not claim causal generalisability on the basis of these two case studies, the mediation efforts in Sudan nevertheless suggest that third party legitimacy is central to mediation success. This is the first systematic study that compares African and non-African mediation efforts. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that solely puts forward rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this dissertation overcomes key limitations in the current mediation literature, in which material sources of power are emphasised and social structures are ignored.
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Moin, Donya. "Toward an appropriate dispute settlement method for resolving petroleum expropriation disputes : treaty-based arbitration or mediation?" Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236001.
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The settlement of petroleum expropriation disputes has been a challenging issue in the petroleum industry since the earliest cases. The issue, principally, relates to foreign investors' right to investment protection and the sovereign right of states, the clash of which causes such disputes. Striking a balance between these conflicting rights in order to save the disputants' relationship is a critical concern given the interdependent relationship of disputants which manifests itself in a cyclical manner. This in turn highlights the importance of finding a suitable dispute resolution method to reach the most appropriate and balanced resolution from both parties' viewpoint. Impartiality is, in this context, a key element when determining the most suitable method for resolving expropriation disputes. This is so considering that the reason for the abandonment of diplomatic protection and litigation as methods for resolving expropriation disputes was concerns over their partiality towards one of the disputants. Currently, with the proliferation of investment treaties, treaty-based arbitration has become the most popular method for resolving such disputes. However, the suitability of treaty-based arbitration is criticised as a process which is likely to be partial in favour of investors and their investment protection rights. Such a partiality is likely to be found in treaty-based arbitration's origin, substance and procedural aspects. Therefore, it can be argued that there is room for mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method to be adopted and supplemented arbitration for settlement of petroleum expropriation disputes. In fact, mediation enjoys various qualities which makes it especially attractive for such disputes, including its time and cost efficiency, its ability to explore win-win settlement options and to save the disputing parties' relationship, and the flexibility and collaborative nature of the process. More importantly, its self-determination principle is a feature which guarantees the impartiality of mediation. However, mediation, like other dispute resolution methods, is not without its disadvantages. It faces challenges with regard to its voluntary and non-binding nature, confidentiality, its inability to deal with the political overtones of petroleum expropriation disputes, its retarding effect on jurisprudence development and disputants' lack of familiarity with the process. Nonetheless, having proposed some solutions to these shortcomings, this thesis concludes that mediation should be used and encouraged more systematically for resolving petroleum expropriation disputes.
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Traore, Jasmine. "Resolving or transforming conflict? Analyzing mediation guidance within the United Nations, through the lenses of a problem-solving and transformative approach to mediation." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21145.
Full textAbstract:
The field of mediation tend to shift as practitioners and theorists make new recommendations concerning how the mediation practice should be conducted. The United Nations play a crucial role in this, its work involves providing training and guidance for new mediators through various arms of their system. This thesis is analyzing the 2010 publication A Manual for UN Mediators: Advice from UN Representatives and Envoys to identify which skills and strategies they are recommending, through Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six step approach to thematic analysis, connecting to the social constructionist paradigm. According to social constructionism, all mediation practices are based on ideological or value premises. Therefore, the identified recommendations are analyzed and discussed at the level of underlying ideologies. In particular, through the lenses of a problem-solving and transformative approach to mediation. Resultingly, a total of 12 themes relating to recommended mediation strategies and skills are identified, with both approaches to mediation being identified in the themes relating to the strategies and discussed within this regard.