To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Medical Anatomy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical Anatomy'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Medical Anatomy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kozinetz, Claudia A. "Anatomy of the Medical Literature." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1499.
Full text
2
Finn, Gabrielle Maria. "Anatomy and professionalism in an undergraduate medical curriculum." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/539/.
Full textAbstract:
Name: Gabrielle Maria Finn Title of thesis: Anatomy and professionalism in an undergraduate medical curriculum Higher degree for which submitted: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Year of submission: 2010 This thesis describes two themes within the undergraduate medical curriculum; innovations in anatomy teaching, and the assessment of professionalism. Methodologies from both the quantitative and qualitative paradigms were utilised. The main findings were: 1) The Virtual Human Dissector™ (VHD) was shown to be equally as effective as cadaveric prosections as a tool for learning cross-sectional anatomy. 2) Body painting was demonstrated as being a highly motivating and engaging exercise for students. Students reported that the bold colours and kinaesthetic nature of body painting promotes retention of knowledge and informed their approach to future patients when painting was coupled with simultaneous peer-physical examination (PPE). 3) Contextual learning and simulation were shown to directly impact upon retention of knowledge through the use of clothing in anatomy education. This highlighted how when implementing simulation small and seemingly trivial details, such as clothing, are important. 4) The Conscientiousness Index (CI) has been demonstrated as an objective and scalar measure of one element of professionalism, conscientiousness. The CI identified students at the positive and negative end of the behavioural spectrum, and this correlated with peer and staff judgements on the professionalism exhibited by students at these extremes of behaviour. 5) Students were able to accurately assess the conscientiousness of their peers, however were unable to self-assess conscientiousness. The reliability of such peer assessments was improved when peers assessed only those in their tutor groups, with whom they had the majority of academic contact, compared to when assessing the entire cohort. This demonstrated the importance of assessor familiarity in assessments. 6) Critical incident reporting, of extremes in professionalism, was shown to promote reflection in students. Critical incident reports, as with the Conscientiousness Index, offers faculty a tool by which outlying students can be identified. 7) Students were unclear about the constituent elements of professionalism and the contexts in which professionalism was relevant. Three contexts were identified; the clinical, the academic (University), and the virtual (online) context. The impact of professionalism assessments and the scrutiny on students has led students to struggle with identity negotiation. This was with respect to their personal and professional identities and the expectations of different stake holders, such as faculty, the media and prospective patients.
3
McInnis, Meredith. "Dissecting the erotic : art and sexuality in mid-Victorian medical anatomy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/930.
Full textAbstract:
In the mid-nineteenth century, anatomical illustration in England underwent a crisis of representation. Moral authorities were growing increasingly concerned with the proliferation of images of the naked body and the effects they might have on public “decency.” The anatomical profession was sensitive to this hostile climate to nude representations. In the years immediately preceding the Obscene Publications Act of 1857 that defined the category of “pornography,” anatomical illustration was being purged of sexual connotations as part of an attempt to consolidate medicine as a respectable “profession.” In the eyes of this new professional body, there was no space for sexual associations in anatomical texts.
Artistic medical anatomy’s rejection was driven by its links to problematic erotic traditions. Specifically, anatomy’s proximity to pseudo-medical pornography, the same-sex eroticism of the Hellenic tradition, and the problem of the male and female nude in “high art” were at issue. In representing the naked body artistically, anatomists brought their illustrations into dangerous proximity with these traditions. By systematically putting the work of one Victorian anatomist, Joseph Maclise, into dialogue with these erotic traditions, it becomes clear that medicine was not isolated from the broader sexual culture. This study demonstrates that viewing publics and viewing practices are historically specific and are brought into being by the interaction of visual phenomena by emphasizing the fluidity between representational fields of art, medicine and sexuality. The effort to excise the sexual meanings contained in anatomy ultimately led to the emergence of a new diagrammatic style of anatomical drawing that became the orthodox style of medical illustration, and that persists to this day.
4
Haubert, Lisa Marie. "Surgical Clinical Correlates in Anatomy: Implementation of a First-Year Medical School Program." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253374287.
Full text
5
Otto, Karl 1972. "3-dimensional anatomy-based verification in stereotactic radiosurgery." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27895.
Full textAbstract:
An on-line beam to target portal verification technique has been developed for stereotactic radiosurgery. Conventional radiosurgery employs a stereotactic frame in order to obtain sufficient spatial accuracy in dose delivery. Frame based verification methods attempt to ensure accurate target positioning with respect to the frame but they do not account for possible movement of the frame with respect to the anatomy and isocenter. We account for this possibility by superimposing digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) over orthogonal edge detected digital portal image pairs. By developing a process for interactively manipulating the CT-data in three dimensions (rotations and translations) new DRRs are generated and overlaid with orthogonal portal images. This method is able to account for ambiguities in matching due to rotations and translations outside the imaging plane because of the availability of DRRs at any possible orientation. This matching procedure is performed using only the anatomy and is used in tandem with a fiducial marker array attached to the stereotactic frame. The method is evaluated using portal images simulated from patient CT-data and then tested using a radiographic head phantom. Results show that repositioning precision of the system is at the level required by stereotactic radiosurgery.
6
Foland, Jed Rivera. "The body through the lens : anatomy and medical microscopy during the enlightenment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3a82a1a2-15fd-458e-a566-6d52ed59d8b7.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the role of microscope technology in informing medical and anatomical knowledge during the Enlightenment. Past historians have claimed that microscopy generally stagnated until the popularisation of achromatic microscopes and cell theory in the middle of the nineteenth century. As evidence for this decline, historians have pointed to the poor quality and slow development of microscope designs until the popularisation of achromatic microscopes in the 1820s. In contrast, this thesis highlights the role of specific Enlightenment-era microscopes in answering medical and anatomical questions. It suggests that medical microscopy was far more advanced than previous scholarship has ascertained. Thus far, instrument historians have focused more attention on competing instrument makers as opposed to rival instrument users. This thesis presents several case studies which explore both makers and users. These concern the histories of Enlightenment-era epidemiology, reproduction theory, anatomy, and physiology as well as the different types of microscopes which influenced these fields. In terms of methodology, this thesis neither follows nor casts doubt on any particular theory of historical development; rather, it attempts to shed further light on available primary sources and their contexts. Presenting key case studies illustrates the difficulties that early microscope users faced in acquiring and publishing new observations. To explore the practice of early microscopy further, this thesis presents re-enactments of these case studies using Enlightenment-era microscopes and modern tissue samples. Thus, this thesis is a call to broaden the scope of primary sources available to historians of science and medicine to include instruments and re-enactments. This thesis finds that technological advances did not correlate to microscopical discovery in medicine or anatomy. Both simple and complex microscope designs aided anatomical and medical research. Broader advances in anatomy, physiology, and medical etiology dictated the utility of medical microscopy. Although various groups, such as the French clinicians, saw little need for microscopy towards the end of the eighteenth century, microscope-based evidence continued to play a diagnostic role among lesser-known practitioners despite its lack of visibility in medical literature.
7
Falah, Jannat Faiez M. "The characterisation of a virtual reality medical training system for anatomy education." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636813.
Full textAbstract:
The field of medical education is an ever evolving area constantly enriched by newly discovered information and changing facts provided by active research in all areas of medicine. The recent years have witnessed the introduction of a number of promising technologies and applications to medical education to meet this demand. Virtual Reality (VR) applications are considered one of the evolving methods that have contributed to enhancing medical education. This Thesis utilises Virtual Reality to provide a solution to improve the delivery of the subject of anatomy to medical students, and facilitate the teaching process by providing a useful aid to lecturers, whilst proving the effectiveness of this new technology in this particular area. An intensive investigation into the current anatomy teaching system in the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Jordan was carried out and the challenges this system faces were characterised. The lecturers and students needs and requirements were identified, and measured against the perceived training system adapting the SERVQUAL instrument, and limitations associated with current teaching modalities were defined. In order to overcome these limitations and enhance the anatomy education process, a novel system was developed utilising VR technology. This system offers a real-time 3D representation of the heart in an interactive VR environment that provides self-directed learning and assessment tools through a variety of interfaces and functionalities. The effectiveness of VR technology and the usefulness of the developed system in improving the understanding of the anatomical structures were proven through a randomised controlled study. In order to assure future utilisation of the system by teaching staff and students in the Faculty of Medicine, further evaluation was conducted adapting the Technology Acceptance Model. This confirmed the end users' acceptance of the system as a teaching and learning aid, and their intention to incorporate it into the anatomy education process in the future.
8
au, c. farag@optusnet com, and Christine Victoria Farag. "The anatomy of two medical archetypes : a socio-historical study of Australian doctors and their rival medical systems." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080625.134351.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis it is argued that the migration of ideas and personnel from Britain to colonial Australia resulted in the reproduction of two distinctive medical archetypes, namely, the soldier/saviour and the generalist (family) physician and surgeon. These have been both conceptualised as ideal type carriers or expediters of two rival forms of medical professionalism. They each emerged in the modern era as institutional products of distinctive educational processes and work practices available for doctors in 19th and 20th century Britain and Australia. While Freidson (1988) asserts one of the problems of dealing with studies of professionalism is that researchers have failed to clearly define work patterns, he could be seen as being close to Foucault (1973) whose emphasis was on the different social spaces in which practitioners worked.
I show firstly that the career of the imperial army medical officer was revived in the 19th century so that in colonial contexts they could alternate between military and civilian servicing, especially as administrators and managers in public office. The soldier/saviour was also associated with the 19th century revival of Masonic and quasi-Masonic military and religious orders, consecrated by royal sovereigns and exported to Australia. In contrast, the Scottish pedagogues and other generalist doctors coming to Australia from Britain were influenced by Edinburgh Universitys Medical Facultys humanist traditions and design of the modern medical curriculum producing the generalist physician and surgeon who met community needs. Within wider imperial social relations, these generalist doctors were looked upon as dissenting or counter-hegemonic.
The aim of this thesis is to examine these archetypes in terms of their characteristics of rationalisation to analyse and understand their professional differences historically as well as in the contemporary period. The significance is that one does not often come across studies which specifically look at doctors within the same society in such terms. Furthermore, by locating them within wider hegemonic and counter-hegemonic social relations, links between ideas about medical professionalism and issues of human rights become evident. This follows the World Health Organizations directives to treat health or medical issues and human rights as a cross-cutting research activity. To my knowledge, no study has been undertaken in Australia of the background and impact of these different traditions.
9
Farag, Christine Victoria. "The anatomy of two medical archetypes: a socio-historical study of Australian doctors and their rival medical systems." Thesis, Farag, Christine Victoria (2007) The anatomy of two medical archetypes: a socio-historical study of Australian doctors and their rival medical systems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/48/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis it is argued that the migration of ideas and personnel from Britain to colonial Australia resulted in the reproduction of two distinctive medical archetypes, namely, the soldier/saviour and the generalist (family) physician and surgeon. These have been both conceptualised as ideal type carriers or expediters of two rival forms of medical professionalism. They each emerged in the modern era as institutional products of distinctive educational processes and work practices available for doctors in 19th and 20th century Britain and Australia. While Freidson (1988) asserts one of the problems of dealing with studies of professionalism is that researchers have failed to clearly define work patterns, he could be seen as being close to Foucault (1973) whose emphasis was on the different social spaces in which practitioners worked.
I show firstly that the career of the imperial army medical officer was revived in the 19th century so that in colonial contexts they could alternate between military and civilian servicing, especially as administrators and managers in public office. The soldier/saviour was also associated with the 19th century revival of Masonic and quasi-Masonic military and religious orders, consecrated by royal sovereigns and exported to Australia. In contrast, the Scottish pedagogues and other generalist doctors coming to Australia from Britain were influenced by Edinburgh University's Medical Faculty's humanist traditions and design of the modern medical curriculum producing the generalist physician and surgeon who met community needs. Within wider imperial social relations, these generalist doctors were looked upon as dissenting or counter-hegemonic.
The aim of this thesis is to examine these archetypes in terms of their characteristics of rationalisation to analyse and understand their professional differences historically as well as in the contemporary period. The significance is that one does not often come across studies which specifically look at doctors within the same society in such terms. Furthermore, by locating them within wider hegemonic and counter-hegemonic social relations, links between ideas about medical professionalism and issues of human rights become evident. This follows the World Health Organization's directives to treat health or medical issues and human rights as a cross-cutting research activity. To my knowledge, no study has been undertaken in Australia of the background and impact of these different traditions.
10
Farag, Christine Victoria. "The anatomy of two medical archetypes : a socio-historical study of Australian doctors and their rival medical systems /." Farag, Christine Victoria (2007) The anatomy of two medical archetypes: a socio-historical study of Australian doctors and their rival medical systems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/48/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis it is argued that the migration of ideas and personnel from Britain to colonial Australia resulted in the reproduction of two distinctive medical archetypes, namely, the soldier/saviour and the generalist (family) physician and surgeon. These have been both conceptualised as ideal type carriers or expediters of two rival forms of medical professionalism. They each emerged in the modern era as institutional products of distinctive educational processes and work practices available for doctors in 19th and 20th century Britain and Australia. While Freidson (1988) asserts one of the problems of dealing with studies of professionalism is that researchers have failed to clearly define work patterns, he could be seen as being close to Foucault (1973) whose emphasis was on the different social spaces in which practitioners worked.
I show firstly that the career of the imperial army medical officer was revived in the 19th century so that in colonial contexts they could alternate between military and civilian servicing, especially as administrators and managers in public office. The soldier/saviour was also associated with the 19th century revival of Masonic and quasi-Masonic military and religious orders, consecrated by royal sovereigns and exported to Australia. In contrast, the Scottish pedagogues and other generalist doctors coming to Australia from Britain were influenced by Edinburgh University's Medical Faculty's humanist traditions and design of the modern medical curriculum producing the generalist physician and surgeon who met community needs. Within wider imperial social relations, these generalist doctors were looked upon as dissenting or counter-hegemonic.
The aim of this thesis is to examine these archetypes in terms of their characteristics of rationalisation to analyse and understand their professional differences historically as well as in the contemporary period. The significance is that one does not often come across studies which specifically look at doctors within the same society in such terms. Furthermore, by locating them within wider hegemonic and counter-hegemonic social relations, links between ideas about medical professionalism and issues of human rights become evident. This follows the World Health Organization's directives to treat health or medical issues and human rights as a cross-cutting research activity. To my knowledge, no study has been undertaken in Australia of the background and impact of these different traditions.
11
Bhattacharya, Jayanta. "Anatomical knowledge and anatomy of the Medical knowledge : some(post) colonial Indian inquiries." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1349.
Full text
12
Brown, Patrick J. P. "Anatomy and Physiology: A Guided Inquiry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1119175259.
Full textAbstract:
Students Learn when they are actively engaged and thinking in class. The activities in this book are the primary classroom materials for teaching Anatomy and Physiology, sing the POGIL method. The result is an "I can do this" attitude, increased retention, and a feeling of ownership over the material.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1027/thumbnail.jpg
13
Sirois, Luc M. "3-D automatic anatomy-based image registration in portal imaging." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/MQ50880.pdf.
Full text
14
Stefanescu, Radu-Constantin. "Parallel nonlinear registration of medical images with a priori information on anatomy and pathology." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4090.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de cette thèse est de proposer un algorithme de recalage non-rigide adapté au recalage atlas / sujet dans un environnement clinique. Les applications médicales sont la planification pré-opératoire pour la radiothérapie conforme des tumeurs cérébrales, et pour la stimulation cérébrale profonde continue des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson. Dans ces applications, le recalage non-rigide est utilisé pour déformer les segmentations de l’atlas (effectuées par un expert) dans la géométrie du patient. L’algorithme proposé utilise un champ de déplacement dense pour modeler finement la transformation, et un critère de similarité basé sur l’intensité pour estimer les appariements entre les deux images. L’inversibilité de la transformation estimée est garantie grâce à une nouvelle méthode de rééchantillonage rapide. La régularisation est implémentée à l’aide d’un modèle visco-élastique : une régularisation non-stationnaire et éventuellement anisotrope du champ de déplacement modélise la variabilité spatiale de la déformabilité des différentes structures ; une régularisation non-stationnaire de la dérivée temporelle du critère de similarité permet de pondérer l’information fournie par les différents voxels, et d’éviter les possibles erreurs causées par les pathologies dans l’image du patient. L’utilisation d’un schéma numérique semi-implicite permet des temps de calcul courts. Nous proposons aussi une implémentation parallèle sur une ferme d’ordinateurs personnels qui permet de réduire le temps de calcul à quelques minutes. Finalement, nous utilisons des méthodes de type « grille de calcul » pour connecter l’ordinateur parallèle à un système de visualisationThe purpose of this thesis is to provide a nonrigid registration algorithm adapted to atls to subject registration in a clinical environment. The clinical applications addressed are the pre-operative planning of conformal brain radiotherapy and of the deep brain stimulation of Parkinsonian patients. In these applications, the nonrigid registration is used to deform expert segmentations of an anatomical atlas image into a patient’s geometry. The proposed algorithm uses a dense displacement field to finally model the transformation, and an intensity-based similarity criterion to estimate the matches between the two images. The invertibility of the recovered transformation is guaranteed thanks to a new and fast regridding method. The regularization is implemented in a two-step viscoelastic-like model. A non-stationary and possibly anisotropic regularization of the displacement field models the space-varying deformability of different structures. A non-stationary regularization of the temporal derivative of the similarity criterion allows to weight informative vs. Non-informative voxels, and to avoid errors due to pathologies in the patient image. The use of a semi-implicit numerical scheme enables fair computation times. We also propose a parallel implementation on a cluster of personal computers that further reduces the execution time to only a few minutes. Finally, we use grid computing methods to tightly couple the quite heavy parallel architecture to a lightweight visualization system
15
Venter, Gerda. "A multi-method study to explore perceptions and attitudes towards neuroanatomy in an undergraduate medical curriculum." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75535.
Full textAbstract:
Human anatomy is a core module of the medical curriculum. Anatomy lecturers are expected to teach clinically-relevant content, while utilising interactive and student- centred teaching methods and approaches. This teaching and facilitation must happen in the context of decreased curriculum hours while credits remain mostly unchanged. Therefore, a dire need exists to explore the various teaching modalities currently used in medical education, to improve the teaching and facilitation of anatomy, and more specifically, neuroanatomy.
Neuroanatomy tends to be challenging for students. Their inability to integrate the basic concepts with the clinical environment could lead to the development of a negative attitude or fear towards neuroanatomy (neurophobia). Neuroanatomy provides exceptional opportunities for the integration of basic- and applied concepts, however, the teaching approaches and time allocated to this subject has a large influence on how staff and students perceive neuroanatomy and the teaching thereof.
A multi-method research study was conducted to explore the attitudes of anatomy lecturers, undergraduate- and postgraduate students towards the teaching and learning of neuroanatomy in the medical curriculum. This study further explored the perception of students on the importance of neuroanatomy as it relates to their future careers. The sample constituted four groups: Nineteen neuroanatomy lecturers from various medical schools in South Africa, five postgraduate neuroscience students and
299 undergraduate medical students from the University of Pretoria, as well as two international key-opinion leaders in the field of neuroanatomy education and neurophobia. Various methods were used for data collection which included online questionnaires, focus-group discussions, round-table discussions and semi-structured interviews.
All the neuroanatomy lecturers acknowledged that neuroanatomy is important in their students’ medical training. However, only a few deem it necessary to modernize their teaching approaches to be more suitable for the 21st century student. Information of the medical neuroanatomy curriculum and teaching practices at the institutions were gathered, which was then benchmarked against various international medical schools’ curricula. One-directional didactic lectures and guided dissection are mainly used for undergraduate neuroanatomy teaching. This indicated a need for more innovative, technology-supported teaching methods better suited for the 21st century medical student in South Africa.
Undergraduate medical students preferred lecture notes to other literature types while their most favourite topic was cranial nerves. The postgraduate students shared their undergraduate neuroanatomy experiences and provided constructive feedback and suggestions to undergraduate students and lecturing staff. These students perceive neuroanatomy as an interesting and important subject in their medical degree stating, however, that changes are needed to modernize neuroanatomy and make it more accessible and student-friendly.
The interviews with the experts yielded three themes namely the teaching practices in neuroanatomy, perceived relevance of neuroanatomy within the medical curriculum and the perception of neurophobia. The participants had opposing views on teaching approaches and the relevance of neuroanatomy in the undergraduate medical curriculum. However, they had similar opinions on neurophobia, its impact on the undergraduate medical students and possible preventative measures.
This study highlighted that there is neither a single best teaching method for neuroanatomy, nor does it need to be a modern teaching approach, but rather student- centred. Therefore, by reflecting on our own perceptions, attitudes and teaching approaches for neuroanatomy, and by making the necessary changes, we can help our students overcome this fear for the neurosciences.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Anatomy
PhD
Unrestricted
16
Wolf, Stephanie Alana. "Narratives of Anatomy: Arranging Identity and Regulating Visibility in the Nineteenth Century Anatomical Museum." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/honors_theses/3.
Full textAbstract:
During the nineteenth century, museums dedicated to the collection, preservation, and display of human anatomy became familiar institutions in America and Europe. The anatomical museum operated under one of two guises: popular museums run as commercial establishments, or medical museums attached to a professional medical society or college. Over the course of the century, the medical establishment sought to cement its authority over anatomy by legitimating its expertise through specialized training. Doctors criticized commercial anatomical museums, which were eventually closed under accusations of obscenity, yet there was considerable overlap in the types of objects on display at both museums. This paper examines how the medical museum was permitted to supersede its commercial cousin and explores the exhibitionary narratives at the sites of both types of institutions.
17
Carthew, Rich. "Anatomics visual anatomic representation: an exploration into how complex visual information can be mediated using an interplay of artistic and scientific approaches in the investigation and creation of human anatomic representations : a thesis [exegesis] submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art and Design (MA&D), 2007." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1375/.
Full textAbstract:
Exegesis (MA--Art and Design) -- AUT University, 2007.Primary supervisor: Laurent Antonczak. Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (67 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm. + DVD) in City Campus Collection (T 743.49 CAR)
18
Harmon, Derek Joseph. "User Acceptance of a Novel Anatomical Sciences Mobile App for Medical Education - An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437408234.
Full text
19
Tang, Grace. "A theoretical study of the effects of anatomy on cerebral blood flow during medical procedures." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421757.
Full text
20
Watkins, W. Tyler. "Optimization of Radiation Therapy in Time-Dependent Anatomy." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3069.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this dissertation is to develop treatment planning techniques that have the potential to improve radiation therapy of time-dependent (4D) anatomy. Specifically, this study examines dose estimation, dose evaluation, and decision making in the context of optimizing lung cancer radiation therapy. Two methods of dose estimation are compared in patients with locally advanced and early stage lung cancer: dose computed on a single image (3D-dose) and deformably registered, accumulated dose (or 4D-dose). The results indicate that differences between 3D- and 4D- dose are not significant in organs at risk (OARs), however, 4D-dose to a moving lung cancer target can deviate from 3D-dose. These differences imply that optimization of the 4D-dose through multiple-anatomy optimization (MAO) can improve radiation therapy in 4D-anatomy. MAO incorporates time-dependent target and OAR geometry while enabling a simple, clinically realizable delivery. MAO has the potential to enhance the therapeutic ratio in terms of target coverage and OAR sparing in 4D-anatomy. In dose evaluation within 4D-anatomy; dose-to-mass is a more intuitive and precise metric in estimating the effects of radiation in tissues. Assuming physical density is proportional to functional tissue density, dose-to-mass has a 1-1 correspondence with radiation damage. Dose-to-mass optimization boosts dose in massive regions of lung cancer targets and can reduce integral dose to lung by preferentially treating through regions of low-density lung tissue. Finally, multi-criteria optimization (MCO) is implemented in order to clarify decision making during plan design for lung cancer treatment. An MCO basis set establishes a patient-specific decision space which reveals trade-offs in OAR-dose at a fixed, constrained target dose. By interpolating the MCO basis set and evaluating the plan on 4D-anatomy, patient- and organ- specific conservatism in plan design can be expressed in real time. Through improved methods of dose estimation, dose evaluation, and decision making, this dissertation will positively impact radiation therapy of time-dependent anatomy.
21
Miolane, Nina. "Statistiques géométriques pour l'anatomie numérique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4146/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse développe les statistiques géométriques pour l'analyse de lavariabilité normale et pathologique des formes d'organe en anatomienumérique. Les statistiques géométriques s’intéressent aux données issues devariétés avec structures géométriques additionnelles. En anatomie numérique,les formes d'un organe peuvent être vues comme des déformations d'un organede référence - i.e. comme éléments d'un groupe de Lie, une variété avec unestructure de groupe - ou comme les classes d'équivalence de leur configuration3D sous l'action de transformations - i.e. comme éléments d'un quotient, unevariété avec une stratification. Les images médicales peuvent êtrereprésentées par des variétés avec une distribution horizontale. Lacontribution de cette thèse est d'étendre les statistiques géométriques au delàdes géométries riemanniennes ou métriques maintenant classiques pourprendre en compte des structures additionnelles. Premièrement, nousdéfinissons les statistiques géométriques sur les groupes de Lie. Nousproposons une construction algorithmique de (pseudo-)métriqueRiemannienne, compatible avec la structure de groupe, lorsqu'elle existe. Noustrouvons que certains groupes n'admettent pas de telle (pseudo-)métrique etdéfendons l'idée de statistiques non-métriques sur les groupes de Lie. Ensuite,nous utilisons les statistiques géométriques pour analyser l'algorithme decalcul d'organe de référence, reformulé avec des espaces quotient. Nousmontrons son biais et suggérons un algorithme amélioré. Enfin, nousappliquons les statistiques géométriques au traitement d'images, engénéralisant les structures sous-Riemanniennes, utilisées en 2D, au 3DThis thesis develops Geometric Statistics to analyze the normal andpathological variability of organ shapes in Computational Anatomy. Geometricstatistics consider data that belong to manifolds with additional geometricstructures. In Computational Anatomy, organ shapes may be modeled asdeformations of a template - i.e. as elements of a Lie group, a manifold with agroup structure - or as the equivalence classes of their 3D configurations underthe action of transformations - i.e. as elements of a quotient space, a manifoldwith a stratification. Medical images can be modeled as manifolds with ahorizontal distribution. The contribution of this thesis is to extend GeometricStatistics beyond the now classical Riemannian and metric geometries in orderto account for these additional structures. First, we tackle the definition ofGeometric Statistics on Lie groups. We provide an algorithm that constructs a(pseudo-)Riemannian metric compatible with the group structure when itexists. We find that some groups do not admit such a (pseudo-)metric andadvocate for non-metric statistics on Lie groups. Second, we use GeometricStatistics to analyze the algorithm of organ template computation. We show itsasymptotic bias by considering the geometry of quotient spaces. We illustratethe bias on brain templates and suggest an improved algorithm. We then showthat registering organ shapes induces a bias in their statistical analysis, whichwe offer to correct. Third, we apply Geometric Statistics to medical imageprocessing, providing the mathematics to extend sub-Riemannian structures,already used in 2D, to our 3D images
22
Moore, Scott C. "Anatomy of an Intervention: The History of a Change Effort in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195592167.
Full text
23
Portugal, Helio Sergio Pinto 1965. "Avaliação de um modelo anatômico sintético tridimensional de assoalho pélvico no ensino de anatomia comparado com a pélve cadavérica." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311832.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Rogério de Fraga, Paulo César Rodrigues PalmaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T13:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Portugal_HelioSergioPinto_M.pdf: 2598145 bytes, checksum: dc80f2aa29eafa9cfc4a4e9612a4e9a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: O estudo da Anatomia humana se faz imprescindível para o conhecimento e compreensão do corpo humano como um todo, na importância e interação de todas as suas estruturas e características de cada um de seus órgãos ou partes, como meio essencial para promover a vida e cura dos males, intenção primária no ato de cuidar, enquanto técnica, arte e ciência, no seu mais expressivo compromisso (1). Além disto, a aula prática com o uso de componentes anatômicos manipuláveis é essencial para um bom processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Portanto, o componente pedagógico do material utilizado é essencial, de forma que as ferramentas escolhidas possam agregar valor na construção de uma aprendizagem significativa dos alunos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar: 1- o Modelo Anatômico Sintético de Assoalho Pélvico (MASAP) como uma ferramenta didática, comparando o mesmo com a pelve cadavérica (PC) durante a aula prática de Anatomia, e 2- a satisfação dos estudantes com ambos os métodos. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizadas pelves cadavéricas e modelos anatômicos sintéticos de pelve. A pesquisa foi do tipo experimental, desenvolvida através de estudo prospectivo longitudinal. Sessenta e sete estudantes de Medicina, voluntários para este estudo, foram submetidos a um teste teórico preliminar (TTP) e a uma aula teórica de anatomia do assoalho pélvico. Após esta aula os estudantes foram randomizados em três grupos: G1, G2 e G3. G1 submeteu-se a aula prática tradicional de anatomia (APT) com o uso de PC, e G2 submeteu-se à aula prática proposta com uso do MASAP (APM). G3, denominado grupo controle, não foi submetido à aula prática. Um teste teórico final (TTF) foi aplicado para todos os grupos G1, G2 e G3. G1 e G2 foram submetidos a uma avaliação de satisfação relativa ao método utilizado para realização da aula prática (Avaliação do método - AM). Resultados: A média de idade foi 19.41 (± 1.58) em G1, 19.31 (± 3.43) em G2 e 19.42 (± 3.35) em G3. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se ANOVA e teste não paramétrico Mann-Whitney. O nível de significância foi determinado como p ? 0.05. Ao TTF G3 apresentou escores mais baixos do que G1 (p=0,041) e G2 (p=0,000). Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre G1 e G2 (p>0,05). G2 apresentou maior satisfação com o método (p=0,001). Conclusão: PC e MASAP provaram serem ferramentas didáticas efetivas. G3 apresentou escores inferiores em relação a G1 e G2 possivelmente por não ser submetido a aulas práticas. G2 apresentou maior satisfação
Abstract: The study of human anatomy is indispensable for knowledge and understanding of the human body as a whole, that is to say, the importance and interaction of all its structures and characteristics of each of its organs or parts, as an essential means to promote life and healing ills, primary intention in the act of caring, while technical, art and science, in its most significant commitment (1). Furthermore, the practice class using a comprehensive and manageable anatomic component is fundamental for a good teaching and learning process. The goals of this study were to evaluate: 1- the synthetic anatomic model of pelvic floor (SAMPF) as a didactic tool comparing it to the traditional anatomic class using cadaveric pelvis (CP) and 2- the satisfaction of the students with both didactic methods. Sixty seven medicine students, volunteers for this study, received a conventional theoretic anatomy class. Following this class, all students were randomized in 3 groups (G1, G2 and G3). G1 and G2 attended anatomical classes with different didactic methods, respectively: traditional practice anatomy class (TPC), practice anatomy class with SAMPF (SPC). G3 denominated control group which had no practice class. A preliminary theoretical test (PTT) was applied to all groups. The G1 underwent to a TC and G2 to a SC. A final theoretical test (FTT) was applied to all groups G1, G2 and G3. G1 and 2 underwent to the evaluation of their satisfaction about the anatomic component used for the practice class (Evaluation of the method - EM). The mean age was 19.41 (± 1.58) in G1, 19.31 (± 3.43) in G2 and 19.42 (± 3.35) in G3. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test. At FTT G3 presented lower scores than G1 (p=0.041) and G2 (p=0.000). Difference between G1 and G2 was not found (p > 0.05). G2 presented more satisfaction with the method (p = 0.001). We concluded that CP and SAMPF proved to be effective didactic tools. G3 presented lower scores than G1 and G2 possibly for not having attended to practical classes. G2 showed higher satisfaction
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências
24
Bernardino, Gabriel. "Computational anatomy as a driver of understanding structural and functional cardiac remodeling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668213.
Full textAbstract:
We present a statistical shape analysis framework to identify cardiac shape remodelling while accounting for individual´s natural variability and apply it in two clinical applications: comparing triathletes with controls, and comparing individuals who were born small-for-their-gestational-age (SGA) and controls. We were able to identify the shape remodelling due to the practice of endurance sport: it consisted a dilation of the left ventricle and an increase of the left ventricular myocardial mass. In the right ventricle (RV), the increase of volume was concentrated in the outflow. This changes in shape correlated with a better performance during exercise. In SGA, we found subtle differences in the RV that correlated with worse performance during exercise. These differences were bigger when SGA condition was combined with cardiovascular risk factors: smoking and overweight. Finally, we present a geometry processing technique for parcellating the RV cavity in 3 subvolumes for regional analysis without point-to-point correspondence.Presentamos un framework de análisis estadístico de forma para identificar remodelado cardiaco teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad natural de cada individuo. Utilizamos este framework en dos aplicaciones clínicas: triatletas e individuos nacidos pequeños-para-su-edad-gestacional (SGA). Identificamos el remodelado cardiaco en el caso de los triatletas: consistente en una dilatación del ventrículo izquierdo y un aumento de la masa miocárdica. En el ventrículo derecho (RV) la dilatación estaba concentrada en el tracto de salida. Este remodelado correlaciona con una mejor respuesta al ejercicio. En el análisis de SGA, encontramos sutiles cambios en el RV que correlacionaban con una peor respuesta al ejercicio. Estos cambios de forma fueron mayores si SGA se encontraba combinada con otros factores de riesgo cardiaco: tabaco y sobrepeso. Finalmente, presentamos una parcelación de la cavidad del RV en 3 subvolumenes para el análisis regional del RV cuando no es posible la correspondencia punto-a-punto.
25
Knight, Jason Anthony. "An Anatomy Based Health Education Curriculum Taught by Medical Students May Improve High School Students Health Knowledge." Yale University, 2006. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-110025/.
Full textAbstract:
To date, few high school based interventions have been shown to have lasting effects on adolescents' health behaviors. The need for health interventions targeting adolescents is underscored by data showing that several health behaviors with significant short and long term adverse effects begin in early adolescence and become progressively more prevalent toward late adolescence. This project tested the efficacy of a novel anatomy based health education curriculum at increasing health knowledge. The course was taught by first year Yale medical students. The curriculum placed emphasis on nutrition, physical activity and infectious disease. Forty Juniors from Career High School visited Yale's anatomy lab once every two weeks for ten hour-long sessions. In addition to visits to the anatomy lab, students completed two class projects, one covered nutrition and the other focused on exercise. Four additional sessions at Career High School were dedicated to the class projects. Pre and post test analysis showed an improvement in health knowledge with a thirteen percentage point improvement on a standardized health knowledge survey. The students' performance was compared to a control cohort of thirty-one students who were not exposed to the curriculum. Students exposed to the curriculum had a nineteen percentage point advantage compared to control students who had not been exposed. Curriculum efficacy as demonstrated by this small cohort validate further testing with larger cohorts and more vigorous controls as well as separate testing to measure changes in health behavior attributable to curriculum exposure.
26
Roepke, William B., Brian V. Viscomi, Derek A. Lance, Jordan B. Newby, Ryan P. Serbin, Ethan R. Harris, Robert M. Becker, Caroline L. Abercrombie, and Paul W. Gorman. "Are Thiel-embalmed Cadavers Effective Tools in Educating Medical Students to Perform Knee Arthrocentesis?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/5.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study are to determine whether Thiel-embalmed cadavers are an effective educational tool in teaching medical students to perform knee arthrocentesis, to compare the use of Thiel-embalmed cadavers to formalin-embalmed cadavers in arthrocentesis education, and to determine whether the use of Thiel-embalmed cadavers is potentially generalizable to the instruction of other orthopedic procedures.
METHODS: Sixty-eight third-year medical students participated in the study. The participants first completed a pre-survey to assess their prior experience with arthrocentesis procedures and Thiel-embalmed cadavers. Participants then attended an instructional session where the knee arthrocentesis procedure was demonstrated on a Thiel-embalmed cadaver. Participants then individually performed the simulated knee arthrocentesis procedure twice: once on a Thiel-embalmed cadaver and once on a formalin-embalmed cadaver. Success of each attempt was determined through the visualization of aspirated joint fluid. Following the laboratory session, each participant completed a post-survey to determine whether the session improved their perceived confidence in performing knee arthrocentesis, if they preferred the use of Thiel-embalmed cadavers or formalin-embalmed cadavers as a teaching tool, and if they believed simulated practice using Thiel-embalmed cadavers would be effective for learning other orthopedic procedural skills.
RESULTS: Sixty-eight students participated in the laboratory session and successfully completed both pre- and post-course surveys. 96% of participants reported that they felt confident performing knee arthrocentesis under physician supervision following their participation in the laboratory session (versus 15% of participants in the pre-survey). 96% of participants reported that the Thiel-embalmed cadavers provided a more realistic teaching model than formalin-embalmed cadavers for learning knee arthrocentesis. 100% of participants believed the incorporation of simulated practice using Thiel-embalmed cadavers is an effective method in teaching students to perform knee arthrocentesis. 100% of participants reported that they would participate in future sessions using Thiel-embalmed cadavers to learn and practice other orthopedic procedural techniques.
DISCUSSION: This study used a moderate sample size of third-year medical students to provide data regarding the suitability of using Thiel cadavers in arthrocentesis education. Results indicate that Thiel cadavers are effective tools in teaching medical students to perform knee arthrocentesis, that students preferred the Thiel cadavers to the formalin cadavers, and that the use of Thiel cadavers is a safe, engaging, and high-quality teaching modality for demonstrating proper arthrocentesis procedural technique to medical students. Since this study looked specifically at teaching knee arthrocentesis to medical students, it is uncertain whether the benefits of Thiel cadavers are generalizable to the education of other orthopedic procedures and subject groups such as residents, fellows, and practicing physicians. Further studies should be performed to assess whether Thiel cadavers are beneficial in teaching other orthopaedic procedures and if these benefits extend to other subject groups.
27
Wilhelmsson, Niklas. "From basic science knowledge to clinical understanding." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-866-2/.
Full text
28
Boon, Johannes Marinus. "Procedures performed by family physicians in hospital practice in a developing country (South Africa) an evaluation of clinical anatomy competence /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292009-093644/.
Full text
29
Cowan, Anna. "Preserving Safety while Upholding the Integrity of Medical Education and Practical Skills: The Impact of COVID-19 on Teaching Human Anatomy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/625.
Full textAbstract:
The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 placed constraints on several aspects of normal life, especially those of higher level education. While many programs moved to teaching in a strictly online format, there are some courses in which this structure was not appropriate. This study observed the outcome of the adapted course structure employed at Quillen College of Medicine during their Gross Human Anatomy course. Through a voluntary survey and multiple independent t-tests, it was demonstrated that the students who took the adapted course performed, on average, 2 points lower on each exam than previous classes. Also, this study showed that there was no statistically significant impact on student performance caused by the instituted safety measures, specifically quarantining. Finally, students had no distinct preference in regards to the structure of the course as it related to their learning experience. The overall conclusion of this study was that this course, despite its modified structure and additional safety measures, taught students effectively and maintained the safety of all individuals involved.
30
Corns, Robert Allan. "An implementation of the ICRP66 respiratory tract model in internal dosimetry." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23993.
Full textAbstract:
This treatise examines the ICRP's new respiratory tract model and its implementation into G scENMOD, a program that facilitates internal dosimetric calculation for the body. The inclusion of the ICRP66 model into G scENMOD improves the radiation dose estimates to the respiratory tract. The accuracy of this implementation was confirmed by validating G scENMOD's output against results published in ICRP66.
31
Kätzel, Dennis. "Optogenetic analysis of inhibitory circuits in the neocortex." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6b39ccc-25e9-49d2-aa1d-ef7ff6abb486.
Full text
32
McNutt, Andrew J. "Model Preparation and User Interface Aspects for Microsoft Hololens Medical Tutorial Applications." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1503870652908252.
Full text
33
Xing, Bin. "THE EFFECT OF PPARγ ACTIVATION BY PIOGLITAZONE ON THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED PGE2 AND NO PRODUCTION: POTENTIALUNDERLYING ALTERATION OF SIGNALING TRANSDUCTION." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/629.
Full textAbstract:
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Uncontrolled microglia activation produces major proinflammatory factors including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that may cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone has potent antiinflammatory property. We hypothesize pioglitazone protects dopaminergic neuron from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity by interacting with relevant signal pathways, inhibiting microglial activation and decreasing inflammatory mediators.
First, the neuroprotection of pioglitazone was explored. Second, the signaling transductions such as jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the interference with these pathways by pioglitazone were investigated. Third, the effect of pioglitazone on these pathways-mediated PGE2 / nitric oxide (NO) generation was investigated. Finally, the effect of PPARγ antagonist on the inhibition of PGE2 / NO by pioglitazone was explored. The results show that LPS neurotoxicity is microglia-dependent, and pioglitazone protects neurons against LPS insult possibly by suppressing LPS-induced microglia activation and proliferation. Second, pioglitazone protects neurons from COX-2 / PGE2 mediated neuronal loss by interfering with the NF-κB and JNK, in PPARγ-independent mechanisms. Third, pioglitazone significantly inhibits LPS-induced iNOS / NO production, and inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS protects neuron. Fourth, inhibition p38 MAPK reduces LPS-induced NO generation but no effect is found upon JNK inhibition, and pioglitazone inhibits p38 MAPK phosphorylation induced by LPS. In addition, pioglitazone increases PPARγ phosphorylation, followed by the increased PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. Nevertheless, inhibition of PI3K increases LPS-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Inhibition of PI3K eliminates the inhibitive effect of pioglitazone on the LPS-induced NO production, suggesting that the inhibitive effect of pioglitazone on the LPS-induced iNOS and NO might be PI3K-dependent.
34
Esposito, Andrea Rodrigues. "Crescimento de fibrocondrócitos sobre arcabouço de PLDLA/PCL-T para aplicação como prótese de menisco." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263902.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Eliana Aparecida de Rezende DuekDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Esposito_AndreaRodrigues_M.pdf: 4037379 bytes, checksum: 0972d6543df2aa3ece0f74e93c30dfc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A engenharia tecidual utilizando células fibrocartilaginosas e arcabouços poliméricos representa uma alternativa para o tratamento de lesões do menisco. Neste estudo, arcabouços de PLDLA/PCL-T (90/10) contendo sacarose (50% m/v) foram obtidos por evaporação de solvente. Fibrocondrócitos provenientes do menisco de coelhos foram isolados e semeados diretamente sobre os arcabouços. Estudos in vitro demonstraram que o arcabouço não apresentou citotoxicidade e permitiu a adesão e o crescimento de fibrocondrócitos, bem como manutenção da síntese de matriz extracelular colágena nos tempos de 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de cultivo. Os implantes de PLDLA/PCL-T foram realizados no menisco medial do joelho de 20 coelhos, após a meniscectomia total, obtendo-se três tratamentos: arcabouço com pré-cultivo celular por 21 dias, arcabouço sem células e controle. Após 12 e 24 semanas, as análises histológicas dos "neomeniscos" apresentaram a formação de fibrocartilagem nos implantes com os arcabouços. A presença de tecido fibrocartilaginoso maduro com fibras colágenas organizada foi predominantemente observada nos implantes realizados com os arcabouços pré-cultivados em comparação com os implantes sem células após 24 semanas. Este estudo demonstrou que a regeneração de uma importante estrutura fibrocartilaginosa pode ser alcançada utilizando arcabouço polimérico biorreabsorvível e células alógenas dentro dos princípios da engenharia de tecidos
Abstract: Tissue engineering of meniscus using fibrochondrocyte-like cells and bioreabsorbable polymer scaffolds could be an alternative option to treat meniscus injury. In this study PLDLA/PCL-T (90/10) scaffolds containing sucrose (50% m/v) were obtained by casting. Allogeneic meniscal cells were isolated from rabbit meniscus and directly seeded onto the scaffolds. In vitro studies showed that scaffolds did not present cytotoxicity and allowed fibrochondrocytes adhesion and ingrowth, as well as collagen extracellular matrix synthesis at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of culture. The PLDLA/PCL-T implants were performed in the medial meniscus of 20 rabbit knee after total meniscectomy, obtained three treatments: pre-seeded 21 days scaffold, unseeded scaffold and control. Histology analysis of "neomenisci" sections at 12 and 24 weeks revealed the presence of fibrocartilage in the polymer implants. The presence of mature fibrocartilaginous tissue with organized collagen fibers was predominantly observed in the pre-cultured implants compared to unseeded implants after 24 weeks. This study demonstrates that regeneration of an important fibrocartilaginous structure can be achieved using a bioreabsorbable polymer scaffold and allogeneic cells-based tissue engineering approaches
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
35
Sagoo, M. G. "Assessing the applied anatomy knowledge of medical students : the effect of visual resources on preparing them to become new doctors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1546507/.
Full textAbstract:
Anatomical examinations are timed examinations that assess topographical and/or applied knowledge of anatomy with or without the inclusion of visual resources i.e. cadaveric resources, cadaveric images, radiology and/or clinical findings images. Although advances in the multimedia learning theories have led to greater understanding of how we process textual and visual material during learning, the evidence with regard to the use of illustrations within written assessments is scarce. This study investigates whether the presence or absence of images (cadaveric, clinical findings and radiological images) within clinically-oriented single-best-answer questions has a significant influence on medical students' performance. A questionnaire was also included to determine the effect of students’ characteristics and preferences in learning and assessments on their performance. Second year medical students (n=175) from six UK medical schools participated voluntarily. All questions were categorised as to whether their stimulus format was purely textual or included an associated image. The type of images and deep components of images (whether the question is referring to a bone or soft-tissue on the image) was also taken into consideration. Further investigation was carried out on the question-difficulty and the regional anatomy of the questions. These examination scores were then analysed along with students’ responses collected on the questionnaire. This was further illustrated with students’ feedback. The study demonstrates that inclusion of images, the deep component of an image, question difficulty and regional anatomy impact students’ performance. Moreover, students’ preferences play an important role in their performance. Anatomical and radiological images are critical in the medical profession in investigating and examining a patient’s anatomy, and this study set out a way to understand the effects of these images on commonly employed written assessments. This study has shown that image factors and student factors impact on the students’ performance. Further research is needed to refine these examinations.
36
Orraryd, Pontus. "Exploring the potential use of augmented reality in medical education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141685.
Full textAbstract:
Human anatomy is traditionally taught using textbooks and dissections. With the advent of computer graphics, using 3D applications have started to see much more use in medical educations around the world. Today, technology such as Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality are on everybodys lips, and many are now curious what we can do with this new technology. This thesis explores how Augmented Reality can be used in medical education to teach human anatomy. Two application prototypes were developed for the Microsoft Hololens that together tests different ways to use and interact with Augmented Reality. These applications were then tested in a case study with six medical students. From this study a number of hypotheses were formulated.
37
Osborne, Daniel L. "An analysis of developmental plasticity in structural geometry at the proximal femur in adolescent females living in the United States." [Bloomington] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3264308.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: A, page: 2031. Advisers: Della Collins Cook; David Burr. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 9, 2008).
38
Solomon, Clifford E. "Evaluating spatial abilities in health sciences students /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7680.
Full text
39
Ringenberg, Jordan. "Computerized 3D Modeling and Simulations of Patient-Specific Cardiac Anatomy from Segmented MRI." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1406129522.
Full text
40
Spaw, Alexandra J. "Fetal Developmental Anatomy of the Human Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems Using Lugol’s Iodine Staining and Micro-Computed Tomography." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1398950897.
Full text
41
Gilmer, Lesley Knight. "AGE MAY BE HAZARDOUS TO OUTCOME FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: THE MITOCHONDRIAL CONNECTION." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1135.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.Title from document title page (viewed on May 11, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 161 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-154).
42
Davis, Laurie Michelle Helene. "THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM(S) OF FASTING INDUCED NEUROPROTECTION AFTER MODERATE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/673.
Full textAbstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming a national epidemic, as it accounts for 1.5 million cases each year. This disorder affects primarily the young population and elderly. Currently, there is no treatment for TBI, which means that ~2% of the U.S. population is currently living with prolonged neurological damage and dysfunction. Recently, there have been many studies showing that TBI negatively impacts mitochondrial function. It has been proposed that in order to save the cell from destruction mitochondrial function must be preserved. The ketogenic diet, originally designed to mimic fasting physiology, is effective in treating epilepsy. Therefore, we have used fasting as a post injury treatment and attempted to elucidate its underlying mechanism. 24 hours of fasting after a moderate TBI increased tissue sparing, cognitive recovery, improved mitochondrial function, and decreased mitochondrial biomarkers of injury. Fasting results in hypoglycemia, the production of ketones, and the upregulation of free fatty acids (FFA). As such, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of hypoglycemia in the absence of fasting through insulin administration. Insulin administration was not neuroprotective and increased mortality in some treatment groups. However, ketone administration resulted in increased tissue sparing. Also, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased the efficiency of NADH utilization, and increased respiratory function. FFAs and uncoupling proteins (UCP) have been implicated in an endogenously regulated anti-ROS mechanism. FFAs of various chain lengths and saturation were screened for their ability to activate UCP mediated mitochondrial respiration and attenuate ROS production. We also measured FFA levels in serum, brain, and CSF after a 24 hour fast. We also used UCP2 transgenic overexpressing and knockout mice in our CCI injury model, which showed UCP2 overexpression increased tissue sparing, however UCP2 deficient mice did not show a decrease in tissue sparing, compared with their wild type littermates. Together our results indicate that post injury initiated fasting is neuroprotective and that this treatment is able to preserve mitochondrial function. Our work also indicates ketones and UCPs may be working together to preserve mitochondrial and cellular function in a concerted mechanism, and that this cooperative system is the underlying mechanism of fasting induced neuroprotection.
43
Hinzman, Jason Michael. "DISRUPTIONS IN THE REGULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR GLUTAMATE IN THE RAT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER DIFFUSE BRAIN INJURY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/neurobio_etds/2.
Full textAbstract:
Glutamate, the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is involved in almost all aspects of neurological function including cognition, motor function, memory, learning, decision making, and neuronal plasticity. For normal neurological function, glutamate signaling must be properly regulated. Disrupted glutamate regulation plays a pivotal role in the acute pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI), disrupting neuronal signaling, initiating secondary injury cascades, and producing excitotoxicity. Increases in extracellular glutamate have been correlated with unfavorable outcomes in TBI survivors, emphasizing the importance of glutamate regulation.
The aim of this thesis was to examine disruptions in the regulation of extracellular glutamate after experimental TBI. In these studies, we used glutamate-sensitive microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to examine the regulation of extracellular glutamate two days after diffuse brain injury. First, we examined which brain regions were vulnerable to post-traumatic increases in extracellular glutamate. We detected significant increases in extracellular glutamate in the dentate gyrus and striatum, which correlated to the severity of brain injury. Second, we examined the regulation of extracellular glutamate by neurons and glia to determine the mechanisms responsible for post-traumatic increases in extracellular glutamate. In the striatum of brain-injured rats, we detected significant disruptions in release of glutamate by neurons and significant decreases in the removal of glutamate from the extracellular space by glia. Third, we examined if a novel therapeutic strategy, a viral-vector mediated gene delivery approach, could improve the regulation of extracellular glutamate. Infusion of an adeno-associated virus expressing a glutamate transporter into the rat striatum produced significant improvements in glutamate clearance, identifying a novel strategy to reduce excitotoxicity. Lastly, we examined the translational potential of MEAs as novel neuromonitoring device for clinical TBI research. Overall, these studies have demonstrated the translational potential of MEAs to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of TBI survivors.
44
Cox, Peter John. "The effects of a novel substrate on exercise energetics in elite athletes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7aa52ece-42e1-4ebc-ba1c-727ba1f95cb8.
Full textAbstract:
The physiological ketosis of starvation makes sound evolutionary sense, as ketone bodies have several thermodynamic advantages over other nutritional substrates, in addition to their actions to conserve protein and glucose stores. Utilising the body’s metabolic responses to ketosis by delivering a novel nutritional source of ketone bodies, the work in this thesis explored the metabolic effects of ketosis on physical performance in humans. First, the pharmacokinetics and dosing requirements for ketone containing drink preparations were characterised in a population of athletes and healthy controls (n = 45). Using endurance exercise as a model of physiologic stress, the functional impact of ketosis during sustained high intensity effort was investigated in high performance athletes (n = 22). It was shown that nutritional ketosis improved performance in 18/22 athletes, who set 14 new best performances during 30 min of rowing. Furthermore, when ketones and glucose were delivered together, cycling performance was improved by 2% (n = 8) following 1.5 hours of fatiguing effort, compared with optimal carbohydrate intake. Blood D-β-hydroxybutyrate reached 3-5 mM following ketone drinks, equivalent to several days of total fasting, but rapidly decreased during exercise. It was found that higher physical workloads correlated with larger decreases in plasma ketone concentration (n = 8), consistent with their oxidation as respiratory fuels. Nutritional ketosis significantly altered fuel metabolism during exercise in elite athletes (n = 10), decreasing peripheral lipolysis, skeletal muscle glycolytic intermediates, blood lactate, and branched chain amino acid release. In conclusion this work suggests a new hierarchy of substrate preference during physical stress, whereby mimicking the physiology of starvation, the energetic consequences of oxidising ketones may significantly enhance athletic performance. The extrapolation of these findings may have therapeutic implications for patient populations where energetic demands are high, and deleterious switches in substrate selection occur.
45
Close, Koenig Tricia. "Betwixt and between : production and commodification of knowledge in a medical school pathological anatomy laboratory in Strasbourg (mid-19th century to 1939)." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/CLOSE_KOENIG_Tricia_2011.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
En croisant l'histoire médicale et l'histoire économique, notamment pour saisir et comprendre la production et la commercialisation des analyses médicales de laboratoires, cette thèse rend visible les aspects monétaires et économiques en jeu dans la recherche, l'enseignement et les pratiques médicales et scientifiques. L'émergence des analyses médicales de laboratoire en tant qu'unités économiques, dans un cadre théorique d'économie de la connaissance, est ainsi étudiée à partir d'une étude de cas, l'histoire d'un laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique à la Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg. Cet étude associe une analyse longue durée de la circulation des matériaux, des savoirs et des pratiques en anatomie pathologique à une micro-histoire d'un laboratoire dans l'entre-deux-guerres. Ce travail décrit et contextualise la diversification des activités de laboratoire quand un service commercial est associé à la recherche et à l'enseignement, comme ce fut le cas pour le diagnostic des cancers suite à la création des Centres Anticancéreux en France. Le marché des analyses de laboratoires médicaux ne correspond pas aux modèles économiques des entreprises scientifiques, médicales, ou commerciales : le laboratoire de l'Institut d'Anatomie Pathologique, entre science et service, était une entité commune à la Faculté de médecine et à l'hôpital, avec des pratiques de production et de commercialisation, des échanges académiques et commerciaux, des produits matériels et intellectuels, des rétributions sous formes d'honoraires et d'actes tarifés. Nous présentons ainsi une histoire économique d'une discipline dans laquelle l'argent n'était pas, du moins ouvertement, visibleBy superposing medical history and economic history of medical lab services, this thesis reveals economic dynamics to be integral to medical and scientific research, teaching, and practice. The emergence of medical lab analyses as medical and economic entities within a theoretical framework of knowledge-based economies is achieved with a case study of Strasbourg's medical school Institut d'Anatomie Pathologique laboratories. A long duree historical analysis of material circulation, collection, and practices in pathological anatomy is intersected with a micro-history of the laboratories in the interwar period. The description and contextualization of a diversification of laboratory activities when research and teaching activities were complemented with commercial laboratory services, notably for the diagnosis of cancer, are portrayed with supply and demand dynamics and following the creation of the Centres Anticancéreux in France. The market for clinical laboratory work does not wholly fit (classic) models of scientific, medical, or commercial entreprises; the laboratory at the Institut d’Anatomie Pathologique was between science and service, institutional settings between medical school and hospital, practices between knowledge production and commercialization, exchanges between academic moral economies and commerical economies, products between material and intellectual, income between honorariums and fees. This thesis engages with and promotes an economic history of medicine in which money was not (openly) visible
46
Turner, Shirley. "Health protective behavior and the elderly: Hemoccult testing for early colorectal cancer detection." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291436.
Full textAbstract:
Colorectal cancer is second only to lung cancer as a leading cause of internal cancer death. Individuals over 65 years of age are most at risk yet least likely to engage in screening for colorectal cancer. The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study using a modified Pender Health Promotion Model was to identify motivations of elderly individuals to engage in health protective behavior. A convenience sample of 90 subjects answered a four-part motivations questionnaire in which three subscales--early detection, powerful others, and chance--met reliability standards (alpha >.70). Chance was significantly related to compliance (r = -.28; p =.003); Hemoccult compliers believed less in chance and powerful others than did non-compliers (p =.005;.002). The 88 percent who performed a Hemoccult stool test as a screening method for early detection of colorectal cancer demonstrated that these elders willingly engaged in health protective behavior and supported the nurses' role in promoting primary prevention in elderly clients.
47
Talauliker, Pooja Mahendra. "CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS FOR GLUTAMATE MEASUREMENTS IN THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1116.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2010.Title from document title page (viewed on May 17, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains: xii, 180 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-173).
48
Grant, Eleanor. "The development of corticothalamic and corticotectal connections in the murine visual system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4266d733-fa8f-4cc3-b963-91ba0e671ce6.
Full textAbstract:
All peripheral sensory information is represented in the thalamus before being transmitted to the cortex, with the exception of olfaction. The thalamus projects to all areas of the neocortex and all neocortical areas project to the thalamus. I am interested in the development of three corticothalamic populations which are anatomically and functionally distinct; they project to different thalamic nuclei and generate different post-synaptic responses. Layer V fibres project exclusively to higher order thalamic nuclei. These projections drive thalamic neuron activity and mediate a trans-thalamic cortico-cortical relay. Layer VI and VIb fibres project to both first order and higher order thalamic nuclei. These projections modulate thalamic neuron activity and mediate feedback to the thalamus. Using three transgenic mouse lines I demonstrate that developing corticothalamic fibres target the specific groups of thalamic nuclei to which they project in adulthood. Rbp4-Cre::tdTomato labels layer V; Ntsr1-Cre::tdTomato labels layer VI; Golli-τ-eGFP labels layer VI and VIb. By P4 layer V fibres arborise densely in higher order nuclei but do not innervate the first order nuclei at any age. In contrast, at this age VI and VIb fibres densely innervate the first order ventral posterior-medial nucleus (VPM), as well as higher order nuclei. Layer VI and VIb fibres accumulate outside the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN) from P2 before entering at P6. During this waiting period, retinal fibres transmit spontaneous waves of activity to the dLGN. To assess whether retinal input regulates corticothalamic circuit development I performed monocular enucleation. I demonstrate that after loss of retinal input, layer VI and VIb fibres enter the dLGN prematurely, by P2. Furthermore layer V fibres which target the retino-recipient superior colliculus also enter prematurely following enucleation. These results suggest there may be a retinal mechanism which regulates the timing of corticofugal ingrowth to joint retinal/cortical targets. The loss of retinal driver input to the dLGN also induces layer V driver fibres to aberrantly enter the first order dLGN. These results are the first to show cross-hierarchical rewiring after losing peripheral sensory input. The role of peripheral activity in the developing nervous system is underscored by activity dependent molecular mechanisms. I therefore performed a microarray gene expression experiment to systematically analyse molecular changes in the dLGN following enucleation. The expression of numerous genes is altered following enucleation including potassium channels Kcnk9 and Kcnn3, kinase pathway mediators, Shc3 and Dgkk, and immediate early genes BDNF, Egr1 and Egr2. The majority of genes regulated by enucleation are regulated in the opposite direction over development indicating that the loss of the retinal input delays maturation of the dLGN transcriptome. In this thesis I demonstrate that early corticothalamic development targets specific thalamic nuclei. Using the visual system as a model I demonstrate that retinal input regulates corticothalamic development and contributes to the transcriptome of thalamic nuclei.
49
Wang, Bruce Chang-Ming. "Structural breaks and regime switching models : theoretical extensions and applications /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7476.
Full text
50
Scott, Kyla. "Gut Pathophysiology in Mouse Models of Social Behavior Deficits." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/544.
Full textAbstract:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass neurodevelopment disorders characterized by atypical patterns of development that impact multiple areas of functioning beginning in early childhood. The etiology of ASD is unknown and there are currently no preventative treatment options. Gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly associated comorbidities. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a multidirectional communication chain that connects the central and enteric nervous system that relates brain function to peripheral intestinal functions. Changes within this axis have been postulated in ASD. For example, the “leaky gut theory” proposes that chronic inflammation is linked to alterations in the bacterial profiles of the gut microbiome and subsequent shifts in the amount and type of short-chain fatty acids produced can affect downstream neuronal development. Short-chain fatty acids are signaling molecules produced by bacteria that can trigger nerve afferents in the gut. Dysbiosis causes altered signaling patterns that can be identified by altered intestinal morphology. In this study, C57BL/6J control mice and three mouse models of social behavioral deficits were used to investigate markers of intestinal pathophysiology. Fecal and intestinal samples were collected from adult wild type control mice and the social deficit groups of BTBR genetic knockout mice, C57BL/6J mice injected with valproic acid, and C57BL/6J mice injected with polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid. Short-chain fatty acid profiles that included acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids were obtained from fecal samples to determine differences between the models and control mice. The profiles of the BTBR genetic knockout and valproic acid models were found to be significantly different from control mice. Additionally, postmortem intestinal ileum samples underwent hematoxylin and eosin identification procedures to determine the thickness of the tunica muscularis and tunica mucosa. The thickness of the tunica muscularis was reduced in the valproic acid group compared to the wild type control mice in early stages of development (p=0.0279). This research may illuminate developmental cues that attribute to autism spectrum disorders and may provide markers to assess future therapeutic treatments.