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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical and sanitary affairs'
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1
Bobrishova, Liliya. "Administrative and legal basis of functioning of system of healthcare institutions of the Ministry of Interior as an element of medical provision of police." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2021-1-176-181.
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The study deals with the administrative and legal principles of the system of health care facilities at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which are an element of medical care for employees of the National Police of Ukraine. It is noted that medical care for police officers is a component of such a common phenomenon as social security for law enforcement officers. It is noted that in the scientific work of researchers call social security also social protection, but the content of these definitions remains the same. It is emphasized that medical care is not limited to the system of medical measures carried out by the health authorities at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, it also includes the activities of governing bodies and departments of internal affairs, aimed at health or preventive measures among the staff and the elimination of harmful and health factors, and the Department of Health and Rehabilitation is implementing the state policy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the field of departmental health care. The definition of medical support of law enforcement agencies as a set of organizational, highly qualified forms and methods of medical care, logistics of treatment and prevention, sanitary and epidemiological and other measures, and social security of police is defined as a set of guarantees and legal norms that regulate the activities of police at the expense of the State in matters of social and material security of police in cases of disability, disability, retirement, detection of diseases related to professional duties or other circumstances, which are provided by special laws. The study provides a system of health care facilities at the Ministry of Internal Affairs according to the List of health care facilities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine approved by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (treatment and prevention facilities, sanitary prevention facilities, pharmaceutical facilities, medical commissions MIA).
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Д.И., Гетьман,. "Sanitary Supervision in St. Petersburg in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 3(76) (January 6, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.76.3.003.
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В статье рассматривается деятельность ключевых органов санитарного надзора в Санкт-Петербурге второй половины XIX — начала XX веков. Указаны предпосылки к развитию системы санитарного надзора. Изучена работа Министерства внутренних дел Российской империи по предупреждению распространения инфекционных заболеваний. Кроме того, перечислены особенности и недостатки работы окружного санитарного попечителя, а также приведены основные функциигородской санитарно-гигиенической лаборатории, способствовавшие улучшению санитарно-эпидемиоло-гического благосостояния столичного города в указанный период. The article focuses on sanitary control bodies that carried out sanitary supervision in St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century — early 20th centuries. It deals with prerequisites to the development of the system of sanitary supervision. It investigates the actions undertaken by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire in order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The article enumerates both negative and positive aspects of St. Petersburg district health officer and describes the main functions of the city sanitary and hygienic laboratory which ensured the improvement of the city sanitary state during the period.
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Hotsuliak, Svitlana. "Legal regulation of sanitary affairs in Europe in the 19th century." Law and innovations, no. 1 (29) (March 31, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-1(29)-10.
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Problem setting. Since ancient times, guardianship of the health of the population has become an obligatory part of the foundation of a powerful state. Later on, special bodies began to be created, whose powers at first were limited only to the monitoring of food supplies, but with the spread of epidemics their role increased and spread around the world. In the 19th century, cities began to grow rapidly and the number of inhabitants increased. States were faced with the challenge of ensuring healthy living conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The scientific research on this issue is reflected in the works: Derjuzhinsky V.F., Busse R, Riesberg A., Lochowa L. V., Hamlin C., Shambara K., Norman G. Scientists have analysed the regulatory framework of individual countries in the medical context. Target of research. Identification of the essence and features of sanitary legislation (including international sanitary conventions, interstate agreements on sanitation and epidemiology) operating in the territory of European countries in the XIX century. Article’s main body. The legal and regulatory framework for sanitation includes a set of legal, technical and legal standards, the observance of which involves ensuring that an adequate level of public health is maintained. European countries in the nineteenth century devoted considerable attention to sanitation not only in domestic law, but also in the international arena. Health protection, sanitation and preventive measures are reflected in many legislative acts, for example, the “Medical Regulations” (Prussia, 1725), the “Law on Health Insurance during Diseases” (Germany, 1883) and, in Austria, the “Health Statute” (1770), the “Public Health Act” (Great Britain, 1848 and 1875) and the “Medical Act” (Great Britain, 1858) and the “Public Health Protection Act” (France, 1892). The legislative acts formulated the powers of sanitary authorities, and in the same period, works on the impact of ecology on human health and on the importance of a healthy lifestyle appeared. The State has a duty to protect citizens who have the sole property, their labour, but health is essential to work. Separately, it should be noted that in the middle of the XIX century elements of the international health system began to emerge in Europe. In particular, starting from 1851. At the initiative of France, a number of international conferences on sanitation were organized in Paris. Subsequently, such conferences were held in Constantinople (1866), Vienna (1874), USA (1881), Rome (1885), Dresden (1893). These conferences addressed various issues of sanitation and the fight against epidemic diseases. At the same time, the application of land and river quarantine in Europe was considered impossible by most delegates. Instead, the use of “sanitary inspection” and “observation posts” with medical personnel and the necessary means for timely isolation of patients and disinfection of ships was recommended Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the forms of organization of national health systems in Europe in the 19th century were diverse. Each country created and developed its own unique systems, different ways of attracting financial resources for medical care and health preservation. Thanks to the development of the legislative framework, water supply, sewerage, working and living conditions, sanitation and hygiene have improved. International cooperation to combat epidemics has made a significant contribution to the development of effective and progressive legislation in the international arena, and has greatly influenced the creation of appropriate domestic legislation in Member States, developing more effective models to combat epidemic diseases.
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Vatolina, Natalya Anatolyevna, Natalia Vitalievna Fedotova, Yuriy Mikhaylovich Shishkin, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Lyalina, and Tatyana Vladimirovna Osmirko. "Strategy for the development of training in the field of medical and preventive affairs in St. Petersburg at the current stage." Disinfection affairs, no. 4 (December 2023): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35411/2076-457x-2023-4-56-59.
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The development of the training system in the field of medical and preventive affairs in St. Petersburg was analyzed. The main tasks of staffing organizations and health care institutions, including the disinfection profile, are noted, which require immediate solution Keywords: licensing of disinfection activities, sanitary and epidemiological service, organizations and institutions of disinfection profile, medical organizations, secondary vocational education in the specialty «medical and preventive business».
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Khabriev, R. U., Boris A. Spasennikov, L. F. Pertli, and S. A. Kopytkin. "DEVELOPMENT OF PENITENTIARY HYGIENE AND SANITATION IN RUSSIA (END XVIII-EARLY XX CENTURY)." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 8 (March 27, 2019): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-8-789-792.
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The article considers the historical aspect of sanitary development in the domestic penitentiary system. In 1788, the Regulations on Prisons were adopted, in which the sanitary requirements of the penitentiary systems of European states were used. Since 1819, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire organized sanitary affair. This provided the conditions for the development of penitentiary sanitation. The legal basis for sanitation for prisoners was established in 1831. In 1850 in prison died 1598 criminals of a 980,000 who were in prison (0.16%). This is evidence of a good level of sanitation in Russia at this time. In 1879, the Chief Prison Directorate of the Russian Empire appointed an inspector for the sanitary unit. He developed sanitary measures and coordinated their implementation. The role of professor A.P. Dobroslavina is shown in the development of penitentiary hygiene and sanitation. The primary link of the domestic penitentiary system was the administration of prisons. According to the law of June 15, 1887, doctors and paramedics were assigned to them. They organized and conducted sanitary measures. Treatment of sick prisoners and sanitation was carried out at the expense of the state. It was revealed that more attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Normative sanitary acts in the penitentiary system must have mandatory for the administration of places of detention. For the purposes of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, it is not possible to subordinate medical workers to the prison director. This was provided for by the General Prison Regulations of 1915. But, unfortunately, has not been implemented so far. The authors believe that the time has come to implement this norm in practice.
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Gurkina, N. K. "“The people have a positive attitude to medicine...” (Medical Inspectors in the Formation of Medical and Sanitary Affairs in the Provinces of Pre-Revolutionary Russia)." Administrative Consulting, no. 3 (April 30, 2022): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-3-144-153.
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The problem of the history of public administration in the field of medicine and healthcare has never lost its relevance. The Health project has become one of the priority national projects of the last decade. The epidemic that began in 2020 has exacerbated many long-standing problems of Russian medicine: a shortage of medical personnel and medical institutions, insufficient material security of doctors, etc. As a result of the clumsily carried out “optimization” and contradictory actions during the epidemic, the level of confidence of the people and society in the activities of modern health care organizers has fallen. The topic of the state of health care, sanitary and epidemic safety, the role of the state in solving these pressing issues has firmly entered the public discourse, aroused interest in considering historical experience with all its achievements and losses. A significant place in the state administration of medicine and healthcare has always been occupied by specific people — government officials who have made a noticeable and real contribution to the development of health care.The management of medical and sanitary affairs in the provinces of the Russian Empire was carried out by medical inspectors (the position was established in 1865), as a rule, highly qualified doctors with extensive and diverse practical experience. The materials of the Russian State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg) and local archives allow us to make a typical portrait of this category of managers. In the funds of the Medical Department and the Main Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, cases have been postponed in which the official activities and biographies of medical inspectors are characterized. The article examines the main activities of medical inspectors, assesses their contribution to the formation and development of healthcare and medicine in pre-revolutionary Russia. Along with the study of forms and methods of solving medical and sanitary-epidemic problems of the regions by inspectors, the personal qualities of the best managers, which have become the basis for the success of their activities, are also highlighted.
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FATYKHOV, RENAT G., DILYA R. SULTANOVA, RASHID IL KHALITOV, VIKTOR V. FROLOV, and NAIL B. AMIROV. "ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEPARTMENTAL MEDICINE OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 15, no. 4 (August 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(4).7-11.
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Abstract. Introduction. The article reflects the results of the activities of the medical unit, as an institution in which the symbiosis of science and practice contributes to the fulfillment of tasks to preserve the health of employees of the internal affairs bodies. Attention is paid to the strategic goals of the institution and directions for improving the quality and accessibility of medical care. Aim. The purpose of the study is to present the achievements of the medical service of the Ministry of internal affairs in the Republic of Tatarstan and identify the primary tasks and our plans for the future, including the introduction of modern approaches to the organization of medical support for employees of internal affairs bodies. Material and methods. An analysis of the activities of the medical unit as a medical and preventive institution of a high level of medical care and the quality of medical care was carried out for the period from 2017 to 2022. Results and discussion. The implementation of various tasks in strengthening and maintaining the health of employees of the internal affairs bodies is carried out with the constant improvement of diagnostic and treatment methods, timely updating of equipment, close interaction with the departments of higher medical educational institutions, whose leading employees and teachers use the latest achievements of research activities in their work. Conclusion. The medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of internal affairs for the Republic of Tatarstan continues to fulfill the tasks assigned to it, as a result of effective leadership, continuous improvement and continuous work to improve the availability and quality of medical care.
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Petrykin, Nikolai N. "Gendarme railway police in the context of countering epidemics in the territory of the Kursk Governorate (1893–1914)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 188 (2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-188-187-194.
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We actualize the historical experience of the gendarme police units of the railways. The role of the gendarme railway police in countering epidemics on the territory of the Kursk Governorate in the prewar years of the 19th century is examined: from the beginning of the first outbreaks of infectious diseases until 1914. An analysis of the affairs of the Kursk branch of the Moscow gendarme police department of railways in the period from 1893 to 1914 is carried out. Con-clusions are drawn about the relationship between outbreaks of epidemics and the attention of officials of the gendarme railway police to the sanitary and epidemiological situation on the railway lines, in conditions of mass movement of immigrants, while ensuring the safety of imperial trains. Based on archival materials, the experience of interdepartmental interaction of the officers of the gendarme railway police on the sanitary and epidemiological situation is shown. An assessment is given of interagency cooperation with medical, railway and other services in matters of sanitary and epidemiological safety at railway facilities. We show the significance of historical experience for the development of forms and models of the work of modern territorial authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in transport, including in the context of the prevention of a new coronavirus infection at the present stage.
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Vlasova, Anna I. "ORGANIZATION AND PROVISION OF MEDICAL AND MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO PEASANTS-MIGRANTS OF AKMOLINSKII AND SEMIPALATINSKII REGIONS OF THE STEPPE TERRITORY (80 YEARS OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)." Society and Security Insights 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)4-09.
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Based on a wide range of sources, the article analyzes the process of organizing and providing medical care to peasant migrants in the Akmolinski and Semipalatinskii regions of the Steppe Territory of the Russian Empire. It is noted that in the 80s XIX century at the legislative level it has been adjusted peasant resettlement process in the Asian part of the country, which greatly increased the migratory flows. The organization and control over the resettlement were entrusted to the Resettlement Administration, which was specially created in 1896 under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was revealed that one of the central tasks of its work was the organization of medical and sanitary assistance to displaced persons on the way to the places of expulsion. The practical implementation of the task found expression in the creation of special medical and sanitary points at railway stations, where the trains, which transported the migrants, stopped. Such trains were provided with medical personnel, medicines and medical equipment. In the resettlement distribution points where the settlers arrived, medical and nutritional centers were created. This centers providing medical assistance to the newcomers, providing hot meals and clean water. It is emphasized that in the process of organizing and operating the medical and nutritional centers, the Resettlement Administration had to face a number of problems, the main of which was the lack of medical personnel. Nevertheless, thanks to the established medical and sanitary service and the professional activity of medical personnel, the Resettlement Administration managed to bring the epidemiological situation under control and reduce the percentage of mortality among the migrants on their way to the places of exclusion.
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Egorysheva, I. V., and E. V. Sherstneva. "Significant and memorable dates of the sanitary case of 2022." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 1 (2022): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2201-08.
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The staff of the Department of the History of Medicine of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health has prepared a list and description of significant and memorable dates of sanitary affairs, timed to 2022. The material is presented in three sections: «historical and medical events», «publication of works» and «personalities». The main historical and medical event of 2022 is the centenary of the publication of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR «On sanitary authorities of the Republic» (1922, September 15). The publication of the Decree is considered the starting point of the modern history of the state sanitary and epidemiological service, the prototype of which originated in pre-revolutionary Russia. Of particular interest are scientific works published 150–250 years ago and devoted to the current problems of hygiene and epidemiology at that stage — air quality, prevention of workers’ diseases, treatment and anti-epidemic measures for the plague, the state of the Crimean army in the campaign of 1854–1856. The section «personalities» contains a list of round dates from the birth and death of prominent figures in the field of hygiene and a description of the main milestones of their lives and activities.
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Kachanova, N. A. "Peculiarities of Medical Evacuation of Patients under Conditions of Temporary Restrictions of Civil Aviation Flights, Including from Abroad, at the Federal Level." Disaster Medicine, no. 4 (December 2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2022-4-53-57.
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Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze and to substantiate alternative ways of solving problematic issues of medical evacuation of patients and casualties in conditions of temporary restriction of civil aviation flights. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study: practical experience of the specialists of the Center of sanitary aviation and emergency medical care of “Zashchita” Disaster Medicine Center of Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I.Burnazyan of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, as well as LLC “Medaero-Service”; statistical data on the field work of teams of the Center of sanitary aviation and emergency medical care on medical evacuation of patients from closed airspace areas; data from the official websites of the Federal Air Transport Agency, of Government and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, of Border Service, of Federal Tourism Agency, and assistance companies; electronic database of regulatory legal documents. Research methods: analytical, method of direct observation, comparison, description. Results of the study and their analysis. Results of the study, characterizing the problematic issues of medical evacuation of patients and victims in conditions of temporary restriction of civil aviation flights regime, are presented. The main ways of optimization of medical evacuation of patients and victims at the federal level during the period of air traffic limitation have been suggested and substantiated.
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Tarabara, Dmitry Olegovich. "G. E. Rein's Healthcare Reform Project: Missed Opportunities for Modernization of the Russian Empire 1906-1917." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 1 (January 2024): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2024.1.40765.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the most ambitious and promising project of the reform of medical and sanitary legislation developed by the central government of the Russian Empire in 1906-1917. The measures proposed by the reformers to optimize health care management, modernize medical and sanitary legislation and provide the population with public medical care are considered; special emphasis is placed on ensuring a balance of interests of state authorities and local self-government bodies. The object of the study is the healthcare system of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, the subject is the corpus of bills in the field of medical law developed by the Interdepartmental Commission for the Revision of Medical and Sanitary Legislation, as well as the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the Office of the Chief Medical Inspector. The author used traditional methods for historical and legal research: analysis, synthesis, systematic approach, formal legal and statistical. The conclusions are drawn that the reform project under study corresponded to the trends of the development of Russian statehood and pan-European trends in medicine policy, was adequate to the needs of domestic healthcare of the period under review, and also sought to take into account, if possible, the long-standing traditions of Russian public medicine. The reasons for the failure of the reform are primarily associated with subjective political factors, rather than with its internal shortcomings. The results of the study allow us to correct the traditional historiographical approaches to public health policy in the early twentieth century and to the relationship between state authorities and local self-government in the inter-revolutionary period.
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Stegney, M. "Внесок київських ветеринарних лікарів другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. у світову науку і практику." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 82 (October 11, 2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8202.
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Scientific researches on the activity of veterinary doctors of Kyiv in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were conducted. It was established that no attention was paid to the veterinary and sanitary organization of the Kyiv province until the end of the nineteenth century. It was confirmed by a small number of veterinary staff in the province. A small number of veterinarians in the province until 1882 could not organize veterinary and sanitary activities at the proper level. Their activities were of a purely organizational nature. During that period, the Sanitary Commission, which included medical doctors, but none veterinarian, operated in Kyiv. Only in 1885 the veterinary doctor V.K. Ponomariov was introduced into the commission (from 1886). After the liberation of V.K. Ponomariov, that post was occupied by P.M. Genevsky, who previously worked as a senior veterinarian of slaughterhouses.With the opening of urban slaughterhouses, veterinary and sanitary activities were not limited to that work, and the veterinary doctor, as a member of the Sanitary Commission, conducted an autopsy of animals, which died from infectious diseases; took measures in case of epizootics; treated urban fire horses; supervised the activities of the contractor for the disposal of dead animals and the catching of stray dogs; oversaw dairy cattle, horse's trade on fair grounds, as well as watering place and urban pastures. After creating the Kyiv city slaughterhouses, the task was to provide people with benign meat and, moreover, to prevent the pollution of water, soil and air by slaughter waste.In order to clarify the issues of veterinary and sanitary affairs in urban slaughterhouses in 1899, a special subcommittee was appointed, headed by a member of the Sanitary Commission A.K. Stolpchevsky. The subcommittee was tasked with developing an instruction for veterinarians responsible for the veterinary and sanitary condition of the Kyiv city slaughterhouses, which was conducted by the Sanitary Commission. Only in 1899 a distinction was made between purely veterinary supervision and sanitary supervision.
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Los, L. I. "Society of Physicians at Kazan University. Hygienic section. Meeting 8/X 1929; meeting 22/X 1929." Kazan medical journal 25, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80604.
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Prof. V.V. Miloslavsky. On the issue of training doctors in sanitary-prophylactic affairs. Analyzing the causes of the current crisis in sanitary organization, the speaker came to the following conclusions. 1. We do not have a specific cadre of sanitary workers and are forced to often fill the ranks of sanitation with random material. 2. The crisis of sanitary organization depends primarily on the fact that the medical faculty cannot, within the limits of its curriculum, give two guidelines to future doctors the setting of prevention and the doctor, since an in-depth study of preventive disciplines requires special training. 3. More than 1/3 of the time according to the curriculum of the medical faculty is devoted to clinical subjects, and only 1/10 to prophylactic subjects. There is little reason for a young doctor to turn from a medical to a preventive path, especially since the student will not actually give this tithe to prevention, and, on the contrary, devotes much more time to clinics than is indicated in the curriculum. In the proposed curriculum of the professional faculty, 1/10 of the preventive disciplines is also allocated, the same is allocated to the clinic, but a number of disciplines are introduced that help to better assimilate the preventive sciences and, of course, this 1/10 will be fully used. The lack of practical training in preventive disciplines will be filled up during the 6th year internship. 4. The only correct solution to the problem of training a cadre of sanitary and professional workers is to organize a preventive faculty with a special program that has the task of developing a preventive doctor, from the 1st year of training to accustom him to preventive thinking, equip him with all the knowledge to achieve a single goal of improving the team's health - Debate: doctors Mendelssohn, Trotsky, Schwartz, Mukhamedyarov, Mekhonoshin, Kondakov and prof. Gran.
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Sergey, Tsygankov, Abdreshov Shamil, Imangaliyeva Aizhan, Bimagambetova Lalita, Kurmashev Baurzhan, and Torgayev Abish. "Analysis of regulative documents in the field of human vibration safety." Vibroengineering Procedia 54 (April 4, 2024): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2024.23950.
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A number of medical research has demonstrated the negative impacts of vibration on human health, therefore, the development of regulatory documents in the field of vibration is a topical issue for the protection of employees' health. The analysis of the cancelled regulatory documents in the Republic of Kazakhstan and are currently in force setting the maximum available levels of vibration characteristics has been carried out. The legislative frameworks governing the sanitary regulation of industrial vibration in a few nearby and distant nations were investigated. This document includes conclusions about Republic of Kazakhstan's current state of affairs on the hygienic regulations pertaining to human vibration safety are concluded and given.
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Shostak, Petr G., Oksana I. Rubanova, Andrey V. Lavrent'ev, and Galina I. Tikhonova. "The influence of medical examinations on the structure of oncological pathology of employees in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia, Kaliningrad region)." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 63, no. 1 (January 29, 2023): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-1-25-30.
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Introduction. Oncological diseases occupy the second place among the causes of mortality of the Russian population. In the age structure of the morbidity of the male and female population, the differences appear clearly after 30 years. The proportion of malignant neoplasms at the age of 30-49 years in the group of diseased women is higher than in the group of diseased men. This is the largest age group of active employees of the internal affairs bodies who have the necessary knowledge and skills to perform official duties, which determines the relevance of the study. The study aims to assess the relationship between the quality and completeness of medical examinations with the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of current employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. Materials and methods. The researchers have analyzed the accounting form No. 025/u (medical card of a patient receiving medical care on an outpatient basis) of patients with identified oncopathology for nine years (2013-2021). During this period, the Medical and Sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region registered forty two cases of oncological diseases of active employees of the internal affairs bodies. Only a group of active employees were analyzed at the time of cancer detection. Results. The study group consisted of twenty men and twenty two women. The average age of the patients is 42.6 years. Malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary sphere dominate among male employees (35%), among female employees - tumors of the reproductive system (68.2%). Moreover, in 63.6% of cases, tumors of the reproductive system of female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region are represented by breast cancer. Cases of cervical and uterine body cancer during the study period (2013-2021) were not detected in female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. Limitations. The data on the number of employees of the organization are closed, so the article presents only equity indicators. Conclusion. Medical examination by military medical commissions of citizens entering the service of the internal affairs bodies allows the selection of mostly healthy people. The annual passage of preventive medical examinations, as the duty of current employees of the internal affairs bodies, ensures the observation and timely treatment of detected diseases, which helps to reduce the frequency of development of a number of forms of malignant neoplasms and changes the structure of cancer incidence. At the same time, there is a malignant pathology (breast cancer) in female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region, the frequency of formation of which cannot be reduced by the implementation of this algorithm, which forces us to resort to additional measures. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with medical secrecy.
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T.K., Allaniyazov, and Saktaganova Z.G. "Children's institutions in Karlag." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 109, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph1/127-143.
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The article discusses key aspects of the history of children's institutions and, first of all, children's homes, in the Karaganda СLС (Correctional labor camp) of the PCIA (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) of the USSR. The organizational and legal bases of the formation of the children's contingent in the Gulag camps have been revealed and characterized. Organization, structure and location of children's institutions in Karlag were determined. The number, composition and movement of the children's contingent, the nature and content of food and material provision, housing and living conditions, as well as medical and sanitary care and child mortality were covered. The causes and scale of child mortality were evealed and characterized. The dynamics of the number of children's institutions in Karlage were demonstrated. Quantitative and qualitative parameters of children's nutrition and food allowance were considered. The extremely low level of material and technical supply and the weak arrangement of homes for babies, the lack of caregivers and the lack of medical and sanitary services were emphasized. A wise assessment of the character and content of the daily practice of the functioning of the child's home was given. The opinions about the consequences for the Soviet society of the results of the “education” of children in children's homes were expressed
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Mikhel, Dmitriy. "Public Health and Sanitary Reforms in the Context of the Formation of the Modern State in China: from Empire to Republic." ISTORIYA 14, no. 6 (128) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027376-2.
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The article discusses key episodes connected with the formation of public health care system in China in the last years of the Qing Empire and the first years of the Chinese Republic. It is shown that this process was part of a more general process of modernization of the Chinese statehood, the reason for which was the interference of foreign countries in the internal affairs of China. In an effort to get rid of the image of the “sick man of Asia” that accompanied the empire in its historical bankruptcy, state dignitaries, intellectuals and the nationalist-minded medical community proclaimed the need to reform the state system. They saw as an essential part of the reform process the creation of an effective health care system, and the condition for this was the use of the achievements of Western medical science and sanitation. Part of the processes under consideration were measures to control the Manchurian plague epidemic, to establish modern medical institutions, to educate the population in sanitary matters and to employ reputable medical specialists in the service of the government.
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Galioullin, A. D., Marina V. M.V.Potapova, and L. G. Gazimova. "MEDICAL AID QUALITY EXPERTISE DEPARTMENT OF THE MEDICAL SANITARY DEPARTMENT OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS ON RT AND ITS ACTIVITY IN 2007—2008." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 1, no. 1 (2008): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2008.1(1).136-137.
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ISHKINEEV, FARID I., FARIDA F. ISHKINEEVA, ZHANNA V. SAVELEVA, and LILIA K. KHUSAINOVA. "PREVALENCE OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF «OBESITY» AMONG LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 15, no. 5 (October 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(5).32-37.
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Abstract. Introduction. The issue of the prevalence of the disease among law enforcement officers is of particular relevance and urgency in connection with the problems of professional performance. At the same time, this socio- professional group was not in the focus of researchers’ attention in the context of the prevalence of the disease. Aim. Identification of the dynamics of the prevalence of obesity among law enforcement officers of the Republic of Tatarstan. Material and methods. A statistical analysis of the conclusions issued by the military medical commission of the medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the control 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020 years with an interval of ten years, for the presence of a diagnosis - «obesity», by the method of summarizing and grouping data. The number of persons included in the study in 1970 amounted to 1922 people, in 1980 - 2928, in 1990 - 4530, in 2000 - 5061, in 2010 - 4617, in 2020 – 4109 people. All respondents are divided into 3 groups: those who are examined upon entering the service, those who are examined upon moving through the service, those who are examined before the upcoming dismissal. Results and discussion. The results of examinations of candidates and employees of the Department of Internal Affairs showed a steady trend towards an increase in the diagnosis of «obesity» among them. This trend is associated with risks not only in relation to the threat of reduced working capacity, but also with an increase in concomitant diseases, disability and mortality of both employees of the Department of Internal Affairs and the population as a whole. In addition, it poses a serious problem for the health care system. Conclusion. Obesity is a serious problem both for the preservation of professional ability to work and the prevention of concomitant diseases among employees of internal affairs bodies, and for the health care system in terms of the need to revise social policy, in particular, to organize work on the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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NGALAMULUME, KALALA. "KEEPING THE CITY TOTALLY CLEAN: YELLOW FEVER AND THE POLITICS OF PREVENTION IN COLONIAL SAINT-LOUIS-DU-SÉNÉGAL, 1850–1914." Journal of African History 45, no. 2 (July 2004): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853703008636.
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This article explores the ways in which French colonial authorities met the life and death challenge represented by the re-emergence of yellow fever epidemics in Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal at a time when physicians knew very little about the etiology, diagnosis, transmission and treatment of most infectious and parasitic diseases. The discussion focuses on changing strategies and policies designed to address yellow fever threats, the attitudes and priorities of the authorities, the limits of ‘colonial medicine’ and the responses of people affected by sanitary measures. The article argues that because of the ignorance of the etiology and epidemiology of yellow fever, policies were misdirected and did not achieve their primary goals. Even after the introduction of germ theory, the gap between medical thinking and practice persisted for another decade. The African urban working class and underclass were the first victims of this state of affairs. The article also examines the conflict between the interests of public health, commerce and privacy rights.
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Gubina, Oksana, Olesya Sitdikova, and Milyausha Kabirova. "DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COURSE OF CHRONIC GENERALIZED CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS AND CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF DENTAL PLAQUE BIOFILM IN CADETS OF THE UFA LAW INSTITUTE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNDER PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STRESS." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 3 (November 5, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2020-16-3-38-45.
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Subject. Both local and general factors are important in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Particular attention is paid to professional factors that are closely related to stress, which has a significant impact on the course of the inflammatory process of periodontal tissues. Employees of internal affairs bodies are exposed to professional stress, who are forced to fulfill their official duties in a strictly limited time in the tense socio-economic situation in the country. Of particular interest are cadets of military universities. The stage of entering a higher military educational institution is considered as the entry into an independent life.
The aim is to reveal the relationship between the features of the course of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis and changes in the composition of the dental plaque biofilm in cadets of the Ufa Law Institute under conditions of psychoemotional stress.
Methodology. 105 cadets aged 18 to 25 with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis took part in a clinical study on the basis of the dental office of the medical unit No. 1 of the medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Ufa).
Results. The results of the study showed that patients with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis have an unbalanced autonomic nervous system with a predominance of the madrenergic component in the release of catecholamines. As a rule, gingivitis occurs in such patients more often.
Conclusions. The severity of inflammatory periodontal diseases in cadets correlates with the severity of psychoemotional stress, and a mature dental plaque is formed, containing microorganisms of the red and orange complex.
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Utochkin, Yu A., A. A. Chetina, and N. V. Ovchinnikova. "Ivan Vasilyevich Protasov — a guide of the sanitary direction of health care in Perm province (to the 255th anniversary)." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2401-08.
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This article is dedicated to the 255th anniversary of the birth of Protasov Ivan Vasilyevich — a zemstvo doctor, public figure, professor. The life of I. V. Protasov, a remarkable doctor of the late 18th century, is closely connected with the Urals, where, in addition to the diverse practical work of a county doctor, he was also engaged in scientific research. Here, his practical and scientific activities were most clearly manifested, in which he continued to develop the materialistic traditions in science, laid down by M. V. Lomonosov and such prominent representatives of medical science as S. G. Zybelin, D. S. Samoilovich, N. M. Maksimovich — Ambodik and others. In 1788, after completing his studies at the St. Petersburg land hospital, he served as an assistant doctor in the fleet, then, after passing the exam, as a regimental doctor in a dragoon regiment. Already at that time, while still a young doctor, Protasov understood that the main duty of a doctor is to prevent diseases, and that is why he deeply studies the causes of diseases and seeks to develop preventive measures to prevent the most common diseases among soldiers. From the first steps of his medical activity, I. V. Protasov sought to generalize his practical experience. The whole subsequent life of Ivan Vasilyevich Protasov was associated with medical activities in the Perm province, where he showed himself as an active public figure — he represented the governing body of the provincial health care. True to his preventive principles, he not only treats the population, but also studies in depth the conditions of his life, the incidence of the population and the causes of this incidence. Under the leadership of I. V. Protasov, scientific works on disease prevention, sanitary affairs and the history of medicine were published.
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Sitdikova, Olesya, Milyausha Kabirova, Larisa Gerasimova, and Lida Sitdikova. "Improving the effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis in cadets of the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation who are under psychoemotional stress." BIO Web of Conferences 22 (2020): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202202025.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the psychoemotional stress level on the development of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis, to suggest a treatment regimen using a complex of glycine and burnet (Sanguisorba) phytocomposition. Materials and methods. In a clinical study based on the dental office of the medical unit No. 1 of the medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Bashkortostan (city of Ufa) involved 77 patients aged from 18 to 25 years with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis. Results. The use of the proposed complex of glycine and burnet phytocomposition in gel form is convenient to use, since it allows to increase the exposure time on the oral mucosa and provides an optimal concentration of drugs to achieve the fastest therapeutic effect. Conclusion. The study proved the role of stress factors in the genesis of periodontal injuries. The immunosuppressive effect of stress stimulations directly affects the hygienic status of the oral cavity. This medicinal composition of glycine and burnet phytocomposition has demonstrated effectiveness and ease of use. It requires further introduction as an additional tool in the treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis against the background of psychoemotional stress.
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Zubritsky, V. F., A. B. Zemlyanoy, D. Y. Mikhailov, E. M. Fominykh, D. A. Matveev, V. V. Seleznev, A. V. Nizovoi, and E. V. Batrakova. "SUMMARISING THE RESULTS OF CREATING FORMULARIES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY BASED ON MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING." Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Continuing Education 3, no. 2 (June 27, 2023): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/2782-1714_2023-3-2-46-52.
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Background. Currently, the problem of choosing antimicrobial therapy is becoming an increasing challenge. The collecting and analysis of information on the spectrum of microorganisms and their antibiotic resistance allows reasonably to select antibiotic therapy and purposefully develop antibiotic therapy protocols. This approach is widely used in healthcare settings, which makes it relevant to generalize such experience, especially for those institutions where such monitoring is not carried out. Aim. Monitoring and comparison of the features of the local microbial landscape and antibiotic resistance in various hospitals. Materials and methods. The article compares the results of microbiological monitoring in the departments of purulent surgery of the Clinical Hospital of the Medical and Sanitary Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in Moscow during the period from 2014 to 2018 and N.E. Bauman State Clinical Hospital No29 from 2010 to 2015. Results. In various medical organizations of one city, multidirectional trends in changes in Gr+ and Gr- microorganisms and their resistance were noted. This makes it expedient to develop our own antimicrobial therapy formulary based on local microbiological monitoring in each individual medical institution. Conclusions. International or national recommendations without the local microbial landscape and resistance can only be indicative for a particular medical institution. Protocols for antimicrobial therapy should reflect the peculiarities of the local microbial landscape and the characteristics of antibiotic resistance of the most relevant pathogens for a particular healthcare facility.
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Andrush, Liliya. "Problematics of regulatory definition of categories of persons and relevant services for medical support of police." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-1-227-232.
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The article analyzes the legal framework for the health care of police officers and their families. Three main models of providing police officers with health services (health insurance, budgetary, mixed) are outlined, and it is noted that Ukraine finances departmental health care institutions at the expense of budgetary funds and provides basic services that are free of charge. It is emphasized that the fundamental rules governing the relevant issues are contained in the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. Article 95 of this Law is analyzed, according to it the main categories of persons who are entitled to free medical care in the health care institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police officers, their families - children 18 or 23 years of age in the study in higher education institutions, husband or wife) main forms, family members of the dead or missing police officers, police officers with disabilities in service). It is stated that such services are eligible for some categories of former police officers and their families. It is also about the legal provision of rehabilitation, sanitary and health resorts, wellness as well as recreation measures in departmental medical rehabilitation centers, sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses and health institutions of different categories of police officers, their families. Various instructions and regulations are being analyzed to clarify the categories of persons applying for medical care, rehabilitation and recreation in departmental health care facilities, conditions for free rest, etc. The study also reveals a list of institutions that are part of the departmental health care system.
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DOLINSKAYA, ELVIRA A. "ANALYSIS OF THE ONCOLOGICAL STATE AMONG THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES OF THE OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) IN THE 2019-2021." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 15, no. 4 (August 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(4).26-32.
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Abstract. Introduction. Cancer is the third most common disease type among all. It is one of the leading causes of death, disability and premature disability in the law enforcement system. Aim. The purpose of the study is identifying main forms of cancer, gender and age characteristics of oncological diseases, analysis of the oncological situation among law enforcement officers to determine suitability for service. Material and methods. We performed a simple multivariate comparative analysis of law enforcement officers' cancer morbidity data, individual clinical cases of patients according to hospital and military medical commission statistical reporting materials for 2019-2021. Results and discussion. All nosological forms of the diseases require specialized medical care. Cancer morbidity leads to long-term disability and, as a rule, to ineligibility for military service in the law enforcement system. Conclusion. Male patients of working age suffer from cancer more often. The age of oncopathology is quite wide and varies from 25 to 74 years among patients assigned to the Medical-Sanitary Unit. There is no direct connection of patients' oncopathology with the kind and type of the patient's activity. At timely detection the outcome of the disease for the patient in most cases remains favorable. The mortality from oncological pathology in 2019 - 2022 reaches 7.5 cases per 10,000 population. For the purpose of timely diagnosis and treatment it is necessary to develop the primary oncological branch in departments of outpatients' clinics, to conduct annual analysis of oncological morbidity, estimating the number of patients recognized ineligible for service in the internal affairs bodies.
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Sitdikova, Olesya, Milyausha Kabirova, and Oksana Gubina. "IMMUNE REGULATION OF HEMOSTASIS IN INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES CADETS OF UFA LAW INSTITUTE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-4-84-89.
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Subject. Inflammatory periodontal diseases are accompanied by violations of the body's reactivity to the introduction of the pathogen. At various stages of the immune response, Pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced, such as interleukins 1, 6 (IL-1, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokines in particular IL-8. Cytokines serve as an organizing system that forms and regulates the entire complex of protective reactions of the body, provides activation of various types of cells, including white blood cells, dendritic, endothelial, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, and others. They cause endothelial activation, leading to increased permeability, increased expression of adhesive molecules, and increased procoagulant activity. The appearance of interleukins in the focus of inflammation causes the production of tissue factor, Willebrand factor, plasminogen activators, etc., which stimulate the reactions of vascular-platelet hemostasis, which activate the Pro-enzyme-enzyme cascade of blood clotting and fibrinolysis.
The aim — to study the effect of cytokines on the hemostatic system in individuals with healthy periodontitis, chronic gingivitis, and chronic generalized periodontitis.
Methodology. 60 cadets aged 18 to 25 years participated in the clinical study at the dental office of the medical unit No. 1 of the medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Ufa). The study group consisted of 45 people: 15 patients with intact periodontitis, 15 patients with moderate chronic gingivitis, and 15 patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis.
Results. Correlations between IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 in gingival sulcus flushes, pockets, and hemostasis parameters were revealed.
Conclusions. In inflammatory periodontal diseases, interleukins can inhibit fibrinolysis, leading to hypercoagulation. Increased thrombosis contributes to the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis.
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Mendel, S. A., and E. A. Berseneva. "Functional matrix of administrative processes in medical organizations and expert assessment of their labor input." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-67.
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Aim. To assess the complexity of administrative-economic (auxiliary) business-processes in a medical organization based on functional work matrices.
Methods. Using the process approach, the composition of auxiliary business-processes of a medical organization was determined and functional matrices were developed. These included the designation of the work (of the components of the process), the frequency, and the performers of the process. The assessment of the complexity of processes and the components (of the work) was carried out using expert methods and a method of functional-cost analysis. Questioning of the members of the working groups on the development of functional matrices of processes was carried out to assess the complexity of each process and its components. The final grade was based on the calculation of the arithmetic mean except for answers that lay outside three standard deviations from the originally calculated arithmetic mean. The work was carried out in the The Clinical Hospital of the Federal Public Health Institution The Medical Sanitary Unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, in 20172019.
Results. In the course of the research, 30 supporting business-processes were identified. For each auxiliary business-process, a functional matrix of the work was developed with an assessment of its labour intensiveness. This article provides a functional matrix for business-processes for the organization of internal meetings with an assessment of the labour-intensiveness of the work included in the business-processes, and the results of the assessment of the labour-intensiveness of all the identified business-processes (without working out the components of specific works in detail).
Conclusion. A methodological processes approach using functional matrices of work and a functional-cost analysis expert method can be used to assess: the labour-intensiveness of a business-process; the appearance of the most labour-intensive areas of the work; the definition of the main directions for their optimisation. The main problem in studying methodological approaches in the daily practical work of medical organisations is their labour-intensiveness.
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Blebea, Nicoleta, and Gabriela Mitea. "Financial management of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus in Romania." Technium Business and Management 2, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/business.v2i2.6856.
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In this article, we highlight comprehensive and up-to-date information on the analysis of the central public administration that addresses how the authorities, institutions and central public entities with responsibilities in preventing and combating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania have used public funds allocated in this purpose.
Romania has accepted the decrease of budget revenues, through a series of fiscal measures and by diminishing the income-generating economic activities. The budgets of some main authorizing officers with special attributions during the state of emergency were supplemented, namely: the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Public Finance; Ministry of Public Works, Development and Administration; Ministry of Interior; Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure and Communications; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; Public ministry; National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority; Special Telecommunications Service; Romanian Information Service; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Romanian Academy. In order to implement measures to prevent and combat the pandemic, as well as to manage the state of emergency, a series of resources were mobilized, in addition to donations and sponsorships, received by public institutions from the central public administration during the state of emergency. At the same time, for the local government component, the data are structured in such a way as to reflect the tasks and tasks of local authorities in preventing and combating the pandemic, but also the findings on resource management used for this purpose, segmented into the following areas: medical assistance (medical equipment, medicines, sanitary materials, salary rights, etc.); expenses incurred in establishing the quarantine; disinfection costs imposed by measures to prevent and combat the epidemic; Other expenditure due to the need to take measures to prevent and combat the epidemic. The Government of Romania has adopted an emergency ordinance for the organization and conduct of public information campaigns in the context of the epidemiological situation caused by the spread of COVID-19, in order to raise awareness of the risks of disease and increase voluntary compliance with health and social regulations imposed by competent authorities, in order to limit the spread of the virus after the end of the state of emergency. Audiovisual and printed materials that will be broadcast in public information campaigns, such as audio and video spots, online banners, print mock-ups, mock-ups for billboards, will be created and produced centrally by a creative structure in which specific professional associations can delegate members. from several volunteer and / or paid agencies.
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Sidorenko, V. A., A. G. Soloviev, E. G. Ichitovkina, and S. V. Zhernov. "Mental traumatization of police officers during service in a medical and biological emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-4-27-113.
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Relevance. Internal Affairs employees during the anti-epidemic measures of COVID-19 period protected public order and the safety of citizens in crowded places. During the pandemic, according to departmental statistics, morbidity rates in police officers were 6.6 times higher than in general population and close to the healthcare professionals. Due to police officers' professional activities, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated not only with high contamination risks, but also with certain emotional stress and destabilization.Intention. To identify mental traumatization features in police officers who serve to protect public order and citizens safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methodology. 371 male employees of the Internal Affairs Headquarters in Moscow were surveyed. Three groups were identified: Group I - 127 police officers (average age 33.3 ± 1.1 years, service experience 6.1 ± 1.3 years) with positive test results and COVID-19 clinical manifestations (mild and moderate severity, inpatient and outpatient treatment) over the period from 10.04.2020 to 9.06.2020 (the restrictive measures and self-isolation period announced by the decree of the Russian Chief State Sanitary Doctor on 30.03.2020 N 9 “On additional measures to prevent the COVID-2019 spread in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic”); Group II - 118 healthy police officers (average age 30.9 ± 1.5 years, service experience 5.6 ± 1.9 years), without COVID-19 clinical manifestations but released from their duties as contacts; Group III - 126 healthy police officers (average age 32.4 ± 1.5 years, service experience 7.1 ± 1.9 years) not released from their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic, who protected public order in crowded places (patrolling streets, metro duty, etc.). Our questionnaire was intended for self-assessing mental state, and experimental psychological examination was also included. To meet the anti-epidemic requirements, respondents were surveyed online using electronic digital resources.Results and Discussion. Based on self-assessment results, police officers in all groups showed high levels of well-being, mood, performance and emotional stability on duty during the COVID-19 pandemic.Mental traumatization in police officers of the Group 1 was associated with increased personal anxiety and responses to everyday situations tended to be maladaptive, with physical and verbal aggression, irritation. In Group 2 employees, mental trauma included emotional stress and situational anxiety associated with the COVID-19 risk. Healthy police officers who were not released from their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic and continued to serve as law enforcement officers in crowded areas were prone to non-constructive responses to stress in the form of feelings of guilt, hostility, and irritability. In all respondents, constructive business relationships with direct managers and additional financial incentives helped prevent psychological trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion. The study results justify developing an algorithm for psycho-prevention in police officers during medical and biological emergencies, including psychological support, social support and a positive social environment in service teams. This will help prevent the psychological trauma and borderline mental disorders in police officers and, accordingly, increase their personal reliability and reduce damage to the Department image.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Sergey Sergeyevich YUDIN - Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (to the 130th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 14, no. 3 (August 20, 2021): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2021-14-3-250-251.
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Sergey Sergeevich was born in 1891. He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University. He served as an ordinary doctor, head of a sanitary detachment, a doctor of an infantry regiment, a surgical infirmary, a surgical department of the Tula Zemsky hospital, the Zakharino sanatorium near Moscow, a factory hospital in Serpukhov. From 1925 to 1927, S. S. Yudin worked as a private assistant professor, since 1928-head of the surgical department of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. In 1930, he first performed a transfusion of fibrinolysis blood to a person. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a senior consultant inspector at the Chief surgeon of the Soviet Army, N. N. Burdenko. In 1948, he was awarded the State Prize and arrested as an "enemy of the Soviet state". During his stay in prison (1948-1952), Sergey Sergeevich, despite having suffered another heart attack, writes a book "Reflections of a surgeon", which is published after the author's death. In March 1952, S. S. Yudin was exiled in the city of Berdsk, and then in Novosibirsk, where he continues to conduct surgical interventions. In 1953, S. S. Yudin was rehabilitated by the decision of a Special meeting under the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR. S. S. Yudin died of a heart attack on June 12, 1954. Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin is the author of 15 monographs and 181 printed scientific papers, including the monograph "Spinal anesthesia", recognized as the best book on medicine in the USSR, the two-volume manual "Notes on military field surgery" and the book "Reflections of a surgeon".Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin-academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1944), honorary member of the English, American, French, Czech Societies of Surgeons, Honorary Doctor of the Sorbonne (1946). He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1943), the Red Star (1942), the Red Banner (1944, 1945) and the St. George Medal. Memorial plaques dedicated to S. S. Yudin are installed on the facades of the buildings of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1959), the historical building of the Serpukhov Central Hospital. A bust of S. S. Yudin is installed in front of the building of the Children's Clinical Hospital in Novosibirsk.
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Biduchak, A. S. "Analysis of work with citizen complaints in Ukraine and their levels of control." Bukovinian Medical Herald 27, no. 4 (108) (November 23, 2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.27.4.108.2023.2.
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Complaints of citizens are a form of direct management of state affairs and one of the ways of controlling state administration. Through the appeal, a «dialogue» takes place between the state and citizens, in which the interests of the complainant, as well as other citizens or society as a whole, can be reflected. The demands of citizens are, above all, a source of information and a necessary force for solving current or prospective problems of the development of a modern country. Most appeals consist of complaints and statements, and these concepts hide exactly the rights that have been violated or not implemented, which are formally enshrined in Ukrainian legislation.Of course, the government cannot consider everyone's appeals, but their number on the same problem can force it not just to make a decision to eliminate a specific violation, and to correct a specific deficiency, but to pay attention to the problem on a national scale.The purpose of the study is to analyze the organization of work with citizens' appeals and to define the main levels of their control.Material and methods. Statistical and medical-epidemiological methods were used in the study. An analysis of the database with appeals from citizens of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for 10 years (2013-2022) was carried out.Results and discussion. It was established that during the study period in Ukraine, the number of appeals from citizens regarding the provision of medical assistance increased significantly. The number of appeals for 2022 compared to 2013 increased by 24,0%. The main issues addressed by citizens concern the provision of medical assistance (23,4%), personnel issues (14,6%); issues of referral to the medical and sanitary expert commission and medical advisory commission (12,9%) and illegal actions of medical workers (7,7%).The obtained results confirmed the need for the development and implementation of scientific preventive technologies in order to improve the organization of work with citizens' appeals at the regional level with further implementation in the work of medical institutions.Conclusions. It was found that optimizing work with appeals requires implementing a new model for organizing work with citizens regarding their appeals. Such a model will ensure consideration of appeals on merit, with entry into a single register of appeals, taking into account feedback and monitoring of patient satisfaction.
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Kabardiev, Sadrutdin Sh, Anatoly M. Bittirov, Ayub Yu Aliev, and Zurab T. Gogushev. "Echinococcosis of animals and humans as a socially dangerous problem in a densely populated subject of the North Caucasus." Hygiene and sanitation 102, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-1-34-39.
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Introduction. Echinococcosis in animals and humans as a zoonotic infestation on the global scale has a tendency to increase the quantitative parameters of morbidity. Among naturally occurring parasitic diseases in animals and humans, human and animal echinococcosis has acquired the status of epizootic, epidemiological, sanitary and hygienic infectious and socially dangerous nosological entity, including in the densely populated North Caucasus region (Karachaevo-Cherkessia Republic). In the south of the Russian Federation with favourable temperature and humidity conditions, echinococcosis invasion occurs in more than 60 species of animals and humans. In addition, echinococcosis in dogs and wild carnivores has also become the main sanitary threat for the regions. In the Russian Federation, the echinococcosis in sheep, goats, buffalo, and cattle in regions with warm and moderate temperatures has resulted in the 1.5-2.0-fold decrease in the survival of livestock and the realization of the biological potential of all types of productivity. Materials and methods. The analysis of animal and population morbidity with echinococcosis in the subject of the Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkessia Republic) in 2012-2020 was carried out on the base of summarizing the reports of regional divisions of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, veterinary clinics, and sections of the Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The diagnostic methods generally accepted in medical and veterinary parasitology (coproscopy, helminthoscopy, native smear method, Demidov and Fülleborn methods) with respect to fecal and soil samples and complete helminthological dissection of animal organs according to K.I. Skryabin (1928) served as the methodological base. The basic epidemiological and epizootological data of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing and the Departments of Veterinary Affairs of the RF subject (Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya Republic) concerning the distribution of echinococcosis among animals and humans (frequency index) and the sanitary contamination of soils with eggs of the tenid type, including cestode Echinococcus granulosus were statistically processed using the Biometrics software. Results. Karachay-Cherkessia Republic belongs to the unfavourable regions of the Russian Federation by echinococcosis of flesh-eating and ruminant animals. The occurrence index of echinococcosis in wolves from 2012 to 2020 increased from 38.4% to 68.5%, in domestic dogs - from 73.6% to 100%; jackals - from 46.9% to 90.8%. In the plain zone the index of occurrence of echinococcosis in goats is characterized by an increase from 8.6% to 23.4%; in the foothill zone from 11,7% to 25,2%; in the mountain zone - from 6.9% to 20.6%, which represents an epizootic risk for livestock due to insufficient measures on dogs deworming. In the plain zone from 2012 till 2020 the indices of cystic echinococcosis in sheep also show increase from 10.8% to 26.10%; in the foothill zone from 13.3% to 31.5%; in the mountain zone from 8,5% to 23.2%. In Karachay-Cherkessia from 2012 to 2020 the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in plain, foothill and mountain settlements decreases manifold. The number of people with echinococcosis decreased from 6 to 1 in total (6.0 times), which indicates an improvement of the epidemic situation in the region due to the program-targeted management measures against the dangerous zoonosis, which was based on improving the hygienic and sanitary culture of the population. Soil samples from different infrastructures, taken for the study, in 100% of cases were inseminated with eggs of the tenid type, including cestode Echinococcus granulosus, which indicates a high level of contamination in urban and rural objects. This situation may further lead to the spread of cystic echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, including humans. Data on the contamination in the urban and rural infrastructure of Karachay-Cherkessia by Tenidae eggs were obtained for the first time. Conclusion. The material on population incidence of echinococcosis and in various animals according to materials of supervising bodies and own researches is summarized. The occurrence of cestode eggs in soil has been proved, as the authors cite the results of their own studies, which are given in the text. Karachay-Cherkessia Republic belongs to the unfavourable regions of the Russian Federation for echinococcosis of carnivores and ruminants, which is indicated by a 2.2-3.0-fold gain in the index of infestation due to poor implementation of measures for dehelminthization in dogs. At the same time, the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in the plain, foothill and mountain settlements decreased by multiples. The number of ill people decreased from 6 to 1 (6 times), which indicates an improvement of the epidemic situation due to the program-targeted management of measures to combat zoonosis and improve the sanitary and hygienic culture of the population. At the same time, the soils of urban and rural sites were found to be infested with tenid eggs in 100% of cases. The percentage of soil samples with viable tenid eggs was high and varied in urban soils from 58,7±4,26% to 83,0±6,90%, and in rural soils from 82.4±7.13% to 88.3±7.59%, which can lead to wide spread of echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, including humans. Practical measures to reduce the epidemiological and sanitary and hygienic problems of echinococcosis in animals and humans can be solved only on the base of complete coverage in dog population with deworming treatment using effective means, sanitary permissible regulation of wild carnivores and activation of veterinary surveillance bodies.
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Pashkov, Alexandr M. "‘… The “Popularity” of Doctors Should Not Be the Sole Reason for Their Arrest as Hostages’: The Red Terror of Autumn 1918 in Documents from the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-809-820.
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September 2018 will see the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the Bolshevik Red Terror, first announced on September 2, 1918. Although in Russia in the last 20 years there have been published some valuable synthesis works on the history of the Red Terror of 1918, many details, especially of its realization at the local level, remain little-studied. The National Archive of the Republic of Karelia stores in its fond R-460 ‘Petrozavodsk City Soviet’ a file entitled ‘Excerpts from the minutes of the Olonets Gubernia Revolutionary Executive Committee and Military Commissariat meetings; correspondence with the gubernia Emergency Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage on arrests of hostages in response to the “White Terror,” etc.’ Virtually, the file contains documents on the realization of the Red Terror in Petrozavodsk in autumn 1918. The documents implicate that in realization of the Red Terror at least three organizations were involved: Olonets gubcheka (gubernia Emergency Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution), Petrozavodsk City Soviet, and Olonets gubernia revolutionary tribunal. Thus, headcount of the Red Terror victims should include alongside with persons executed by the VChK, those sentenced by other authorities and those who fell victim to extrajudicial execution. Besides documents on realization of the Red Terror in Petrozavodsk, the file stores command papers from the centre. For instance, the article cites telegram from People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs Gregory Petrovsky to all ‘Sovdeps’ (Soviets of deputies) of September 26, 1918. It avowed arresting doctors as hostages because of their ‘popularity’ and clarified that arrests predicated on nothing more than ‘popularity’ were unwarrantable, as gubernia doctors were ‘the most popular element’ and their mass arrests could ‘disorganize only just set going medical and sanitary activities in the gubernias, particularly, control of epidemics.’ Thus, the telegram confirms a very important fact: typically or by chance, in autumn 1918 not just active opponents of the Bolsheviks, their sympathizers or families members, but anyone enjoying authority and respect could fall victim to the Red Terror.
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Denisov, Leonid A. "The origin of Sanitary Affairs in Moscow." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-6-719-724.
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The author of the article, on the basis of factual historical material, briefly talks about how the Moscow City Sanitary Organization was born in the years preceding the official date of the creation of the sanitary authorities of the young Soviet republic; about the difficult experience of becoming the founder of the sanitary business in Russian cities; about the huge anti-epidemic and general sanitary activities carried out by sanitary doctors.
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Prysyazhnyuk, V. "The history of the treatment of animals in Lviv." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 92 (December 10, 2018): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9211.
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During the XV – first half of the XVII century, Lviv was the artisan, educational and cultural center of Ukraine due to the fact that it stood at the intersection of major European roads and was a well-known market center for sales, exchange and commodity production in Central and Southern Europe. The first schools for the training of medical specialists were family, that is, family schools. Later, the schools became known as workshops. In the 14th century the workshops were independent higher educational institutions and were not part of the universities, even in Europe, as it was regulated by the statutes of universities. Ukrainian workshops later started out academies and universities and had the attributes of higher educational institutions: statute, flag, seal, ciches, icons, which testified the place and importance of the school (shop) in the life of the country. The prince (king) gave the certificate of the opening of the school. The statute of the work shop was extended to members of the association: a student, an apprentice and a master. Workshops statutes were legal documents and often were not changed much for centuries. Medieval archival documents of the XIV – first half of the XVII century (workshops statutes, books on current affairs, books of the city authorities) quite fully reflect the Lviv workshop structure not only quantitatively but also professionally. The two oldest statutes of the blacksmith shop in 1529 and 1558 are stored in the Lviv State Historical Archives. In the future, the blacksmiths-conquerors were engaged in the treatment of not only horses but other animals. Particularly in the fight against poisonous animal diseases, they enriched the experience of medical practice, which was passed on to subsequent generations. However, all of these were educational institutions, in which a small number of qualified medical specialists trained, and the majority of the population and animals were served by healers, bloodshed, blacksmiths, and veterinary doctors. Diagnosis of diseases at that time was based mainly on using only their senses: it was investigated the movement of animals, body temperature, eye color, condition of the tongue, nasal mirror, mouth and nasal cavity, removing sweat, urine, breath, nostrils and so on. In countries that were under the care of Austria, Hungary, Poland and other countries of Western Europe, has acted veterinary service structure of relevant states. Already in the XII – XIII centuries laws have been enacted and the measures were developed, aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of diseases (quarantine disposal of dead animals, compliance with sanitary regulations, etc.). Great attention was paid to protecting people from infectious diseases. Opening of veterinary school and horses forging was the result of the rise of trade and economic, cultural and educational ties in the medieval city, which was contributed to the birth and development of the work shop structure that gave the beginning of a medical case, and later – the birth of veterinary education in Galicia.
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Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Nikolai Alexandrovich VELYAMINOV – leib-medic, academician of medicine, Professor of the Imperial Military medical Academy (to the 165th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 13, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2020-13-1-72.
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Nikolai Alexandrovich Velyaminov was born in 1855 in St. Petersburg. He studied at the gymnasiums of Wiesbaden and Warsaw. In 1872 he entered the Moscow University in physics and mathematics, and in 1873 transferred to the faculty of medicine. In 1877 he was sent to the army in the Caucasus. In 1878-1879, Nikolai Alexandrovich became ill with typhus, developing a chronic process in the lungs, which requires long-term treatment abroad. After recovery in the years 1880-1881 N. And. Velyaminov works in Central Asia as a surgeon of the Akhal-Teke expedition, develops a system of medical sorting and evacuation of the wounded, writes "Memories of the surgeon from the Akhal-Teke expedition." In 1883 he received the degree of doctor of medicine and worked as an assistant to Professor K. K. Reyer, lectured on operative surgery in Women's medical courses. In 1884 N. Ah. Velyaminov becomes an assistant to the chief physician and surgeon of the Holy cross community of sisters of mercy. In 1885 he founded the first in Russia authoritative scientific surgical journal "Surgical Bulletin". Since 1887 N. Ah. Velyaminov as a Junior doctor of the life guards of the Preobrazhensky regiment heads the surgical Department in Krasnoselsky hospital, since 1893 works as the Director of the Maximilian hospital in St. Petersburg, since 1894 the senior doctor of the Semenovsky regiment, is appointed the life-physician and honorary surgeon of the Highest Court, and then the senior doctor of the Imperial headquarters. In 1889 he defended his doctoral thesis. In 1894 N. Ah. Velyaminov is elected Professor of the Military medical Academy. In 1896 he designs the device for the first time in St. Petersburg service of "Ambulance", organizing children's sanatoriums. In 1900, Velyaminov was elected an honorary member of the Royal medical College in London, the Chief Commissioner of the Russian red cross society for assistance to the sick and wounded in the far East. In 1905 N. Ah. Velyaminov was awarded the rank of privy Councilor, and in 1907 was awarded the order of St. Anne of the 1st degree. In the same years N. Ah. Velyaminov was the first in Russia to study occupational injuries, insurance of workers and organized the "Bureau of medical examination for workers" (1907). In 1910 1912 N. Ah. Velyaminova works as the head of the Imperial Military medical Academy in St. Petersburg. In 1913, the conference of the Military medical Academy elected him academician of medicine. At the beginning of World war I. Ah. Velyaminov took part in the work of the Main Directorate of the red cross, and from the end of August he was a surgeon-consultant at the Headquarters of the commander-in-Chief to inspect the surgical case in the army. By the beginning of 1917 N. Ah. Velyaminov held many positions: Director of the Mariinsky hospital for the poor, Alexandrinsky women's hospital and Maximilian hospital; Chairman of the Medical Commission for reception in the sanatorium "khalila", the Russian Society for the protection of public health, the Interdepartmental Commission for the revision of medical legislation; Vice-Chairman of the Committee of the Community of the Seaside sanatorium for chronically ill children; editor of the magazines "Surgical archive" and "Hygiene and sanitary Affairs"; inspector of the court medical unit; honorary consultant of the Alexander-Mariinsky hospital and hospital for incoming patients; consultant of the Royal office for the institutions of the Empress Maria Feodorovna, member of the Board of the Community. Kaufman red cross and the Medical Council of the interior Ministry. In 1919-1920 he headed the Department of surgical pathology with desmurgy at the Women's medical Institute. In March 1920, he was offered the post of Chairman of the Commission for the reform of medical education, from which N. Ah. Velyaminov refused. By this time the new government took away the Professor's apartment, and he found refuge in the utility room of the Petrograd hospital named after Peter the Great. N. And. Velyaminov author of over 100 scientific medical works, including 8 monographs. He described thyrotoxic polyarthritis, gave the classification of diseases of the joints and thyroid gland, one of the first pointed to the importance of the endocrine glands in the development of surgical diseases, used phototherapy; opened the first Russian light therapy room. A lot of new N. And. Velyaminov contributed to the doctrine of surgical treatment of bone tuberculosis and abdominal surgery. April 9, 1920 N. Ah. Velyaminov died and was buried at the Volkov cemetery.
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Khan, Rasheda Rawnak, and Rownok Jahan Akhi. "Pads for the Patricians: An Analysis of the Sanitary Pads Advertisement in Bangladesh and Its’ Bigotry Representation of Poor Women." Social Science Review 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v40i2.72202.
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The images and messages of a particular advertisement can influence consumers’ perspectives about a product, even for menstrual products like sanitary napkins, irrespective of what social class or position they belong to. In the context of Bangladesh, the number of advertisements produced for sanitary napkins is small, and in most cases, the advertisements that exist portray content based on a higher or middle-class lifestyle and affairs, thus creating the ideology that sanitary pads as a product are only made for higher or middle-class women. This study empirically analyses the sanitary pad advertisements in Bangladesh with a focus on the underrepresentation of poor women. It also raises important questions, including whether the media consciously denies the reality of poor women in the pad advertisements. Taking nine sanitary pad advertisements into consideration, the content analysis method has been used to scrutinize these advertisements and later to determine the significance of connected advertisements. The means of grandiloquence in terms of the represented casts’ attire, professions, and lifestyles are identified from the content analyses of the sanitary pad advertisements. The presence of poor class women’s menstrual affairs in the sanitary pad advertisement is a necessity to influence their attitude. Social Science Review, Vol. 40(2), December 2023 Page: 127-142
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Кашинский, М. Ю. "Criminological Characteristics of Convicted Women Who have Committed Crimes in a State of Reduced Sanity and are Serving a Sentence of Imprisonment." Ius Publicum et Privatum, no. 3(18) (August 24, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2713-2811.2022.18.3.008.
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В статье представлены результаты криминологического исследования личности осужденных женщин, совершивших преступления в состоянии уменьшенной вменяемости и отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы в исправительных учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы МВД Республики Беларусь. В результате проведенного исследования выделены основные социально-демографические, уголовно-правовые, уголовно-исполнительные и медико-психиатрические особенности личности, формирующие криминологическую характеристику осужденных женщин, совершивших преступления в состоянии уменьшенной вменяемости и отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Полученные результаты предлагается использовать в системе мер, направленных на противодействие преступности лиц, страдающих психическими расстройствами, в том числе при разработке и организации системы воспитательных мероприятий с осужденными женщинами, признанными уменьшенно вменяемыми и отбывающими наказание в местах лишения свободы The article presents results of the criminological study of personality of convicted women who have committed crimes in a state of reduced sanity and are serving a sentence of imprisonment in correctional institutions of the penitentiary system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. As a result of the conducted research, the main socio-demographic, criminal-legal, criminalexecutive and medical-psychiatric personality features that form criminological characteristics of convicted women who have committed crimes in a state of reduced sanity and are serving a sentence of imprisonment are highlighted. The obtained results are proposed to be used in the system of measures aimed at countering criminality of persons suffering from mental disorders, including in the development and organization of a system of educational measures with convicted women with diminished responsibility and serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty
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Eder, Pavlo. "СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ВІЙСЬКА У ПЕРІОД ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОСТІ НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, no. 77 (December 12, 2023): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2023.77.027.
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The article analyzes the social and political prerequisites of the organization of the Ukrainian army during the period of restoration of national statehood at the beginning of the 20th century. It is shown that after the events of the First World War and on the verge of the collapse of the Russian Empire, Ukrainians made another attempt to restore national statehood. From the first days of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921, the question of organizing military units composed of Ukrainians arose. Revolutionary processes in Russia in February 1917 became a prerequisite for the need to create Ukrainian military committees as elected national military bodies. The Ukrainian military has developed an interest in national statehood, a sincere desire to defend Ukraine's independence with weapons in hand. The growth of the Ukrainian military movement required the creation of a single command center. Such a center was formed in Kyiv. The leading role in it belonged to the former founder of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, lieutenant M. Mikhnovskyi, who was an active initiator and organizer of the Ukrainian military movement. It is noted that on May 18-25, 1917, the first All-Ukrainian Military Congress was held in Kyiv, which elected the Ukrainian General Military Committee headed by S. Petliura and made a decision to create the Ukrainian National Army. Among other issues discussed during the Military Congress, the issues of war, discipline, desertion, maintaining order in the ranks of the army deserve attention. The congress elected the 18-person Ukrainian General Military Committee from among its members. In June, the second congress was held, which elected the All-Ukrainian Council of Military Deputies in the number of 130 people, who entered the Central Rada in full. At the Ukrainian Central Council, a special Military Board was formed for the Ukrainianization of units of the Ukrainian army. It is noted that the Second All-Ukrainian Military Congress, at which the Statute of the Ukrainian General Military Committee was approved, was a significant success in the development of the army. Therefore, the committee was to consist of ten departments: 1) campaigning, educational and organizational; 2) inspector's office; 3) mobilization and military communication; 4) offices; 5) commandant's office; 6) consular lawyer; 7) military schools; 8) special services; 9) sanitary and medical; 10) military engineering. In addition, the second AllUkrainian Military Congress decided that the orders of the UGVK are binding for all Ukrainian military personnel. It is substantiated that after the announcement of the III Universal of the Central Rada, attention to the military increased, the previously initiated measures to ukrainize military units in the former imperial army became more active. The General Secretariat of Military Affairs issued an order on the further Ukrainianization of the Kyiv Military District, appointed Colonel V. Pavlenko as its commander, and later – Captain Mykola Shynkar. On November 29, 1917, it was decided to create the Ukrainian General Military Staff to coordinate the actions of all Ukrainian units on the territory of Ukraine. It is emphasized that as a result of the Ukrainian revolution, which began in March 1917, among other things, the task of creating Ukrainianized military units was declared. However, a sufficient legal basis for the creation of the Ukrainian army was not established, and its formation was sporadic and by no means systematic. The establishment of the General Secretariat of Military Affairs (Military Ministry), the approval of draft laws on the formation of branches of the "Free Cossacks" and the People's Army (People's Militia) can be considered an absolute achievement. The war with Bolshevik Russia proved the inadequacy of such steps by the Central Rada. In general, the situation surrounding the development of the Ukrainian army at the initial stage of the revolution, in particular the lack of understanding on the part of the political elites of the importance of forming an effective national army in the shortest possible time, is instructive in today's conditions. Keywords: army, military bodies, statehood, legal regulation, Ukraine.
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Tsimkhes, I. "Field blood transfusion kit. V. Markovsky and V. Braitsev (Military Sanitary Affairs 1933, No. 4)." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 7 (January 12, 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89758.
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Neplokhov, A. I., A. A. Neplokhov, and D. A. Kryazhev. "Unforgettable names: Ivan Dmitrievich Degtyarev, the sanitary doctor of the provincial city of Orenburg." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 9 (September 7, 2023): 588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2309-05.
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Sanitation in Russia originated at the beginning of the 19th century. At the time of its organization, the service was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, later it became part of the zemstvo sanitary organization. Particularly interesting and fateful for the service is the period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, since during this period the prerequisites were formed for the creation of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service as an independent state executive body. The purpose of this work is to study the history of the development of the sanitary and epidemiological service in the provincial city of Orenburg and the contribution of the sanitary doctor I.D. Degtyarev in the period of its formation and development. The study studied archival materials of the life of pre-revolutionary Orenburg, books of local historians, information about the sanitary condition and measures to prevent the occurrence of mass infectious diseases. The study highlights the main hygienic and epidemiological problems of pre-revolutionary Orenburg and the measures taken by the sanitary doctor aimed at maintaining the health of the population. The paper presents biographical information about I.D. Degtyarev, shows his contribution to the organization of sanitary and preventive measures.
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Denisov, Leonid A. "The history of Sanitary Supervision of Moscow in 1925–1954." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-7-831-836.
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The article is devoted to the activities of Sanitary Supervision in Moscow during the difficult years of Soviet power (1925-1954). By the beginning of this period, the Moscow Municipal Sanitary Organization already had 40 years of experience, but the new time required new skills and new approaches from sanitary doctors. On the basis of factual material, the author reveals the forgotten pages of the history of Sanitary Affairs: how the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR turned Sanitary Supervision bodies (sanitary doctors) into bodies of inquiry; how in the twenties sanitary doctors assisted the Moscow Council in its struggle for the improvement of the city; how in the thirties the process of formation of the state sanitary inspection took place; how the service participated in preventive Sanitary Supervision during the first five-year plans, when there was a huge gain in industrial production in the capital and the General Plan for the reconstruction of Moscow was implemented; how the sanitary and epidemiological service was created in the pre-war years; what difficult work did sanitary doctors have to do during the Second World War to ensure sanitary and hygienic conditions for contingents moving to evacuation and to carry out preventive measures against the occurrence of parasitic typhus and gastrointestinal diseases; how did they have to conduct sanitary control over the cleaning of the city in conditions of limited transport and maintenance personnel and carrying out new non-removal methods of cleaning the city; how was control over the work of baths, sanitary dispensaries, laundries, equipment and operation of bomb and gas shelters ensured. The final part of the article shows the process of reforming the sanitary service of the capital in the post-war years, which was fully completed only by the mid-fifties of the twentieth century.
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Israel, M., M. Ivanova, Ts Shalamanova, and P. Ivanova. "Professional realization of specialists in medical sanitary physics and sanitary engineering." Physica Medica 58 (February 2019): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.12.024.
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Tsimkhes, I. "Pine resin skin glue - "pinol" N. Chistyakov (Military sanitary affairs. 1933, No. 1)." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 7 (January 12, 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89755.
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For exemption from imported varieties of leather glue, ed. suggests using pine resinous skin glue of the following composition: pine (spruce) resin and ether equally 100, O and 1 / o linseed or some other vegetable oil. This glue adheres perfectly due to the dissolution of the resin in the air, dries in 15-20 seconds, surpassing the speed of drying mastisol (30 seconds) and cleol (more than 1 m).
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Tsimkhes, I. "Sphagnus (peat moss) in surgery. S. A. Novotelnov (Military sanitary affairs, 1933, No. 2-3)." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 7 (January 12, 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89756.
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SA Novotelnov (Military-sanitary affairs, 1933, No. 2-3) sets out the history of the use of sphagnum in surgery and reminds of his excellent suction abilities. Due to the richness of our country in peat bogs, on which soft fluffy sphagnum grows, the latter is especially suitable in wartime, when a huge amount of suction and lining material is required to treat wounds and at the same time there is a shortage of dressings.
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Markov, S. V., and A. S. Samoylov. "Medical-Geographical, Medical-Climatic and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Sakhalin Oblast: Forecast of Sanitary Losses among Population in Case of Emergencies in the Region." Disaster Medicine, no. 2 (June 2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2023-2-12-18.
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Summary. Objectives of the study are to examine natural and socio-economic characteristics of Sakhalin oblast influencing human vital functions as well as the risk of emergency situations (ES) in the region. Earthquakes are taken as an example to forecast medical and sanitary situation and sanitary losses in an ES. Study materials and methods. Materials: scientific papers and publications; normative and methodological documents; statistical data; our own forecast of the value of sanitary losses in emergencies, made on the basis of experience of liquidating the consequences of emergencies, conducting command-staff and tactical and special exercises; research of methodological materials. The following scientific methods were used in the study: method of logical and informational modeling, comparison, description, predictive method. Results of the study and their analysis. The medical-geographical, medical-climatic and socio-economic characteristics of Sakhalin oblast, taking into account the risk of emergencies, are presented: forecast of medical and sanitary situation and value of sanitary losses in earthquakes, etc. is estimated.
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Grujik, Stevan D. "First Annual Medical Affairs Symposium." Journal For Healthcare Quality 11, no. 1 (February 1989): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-1474.1989.tb00378.x.
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Tiuftii, S. M. "STATE OF CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE PRINCIPLES DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL AND SANITARY SUPPORT OF PERSONS SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT IN UKRAINE." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2023, no. 1 (September 15, 2023): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2023.01.093.
Full textAbstract:
The article defines the state of the criminal and executive principles development of medical and sanitary support of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment in Ukraine. It was found that national penitentiary scientists did not pay enough attention to this issue, since the study of the medical and sanitary support of convicts in places of imprisonment was not conducted. Therefore, during the research, it is necessary to eliminate this problem, since the medical and sanitary support of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment in Ukraine is: first, a component of serving a criminal sentence; secondly, it is their health, which is important after the convicts have served their sentence for the committed crime, in order to ensure effective social adaptation; thirdly, it is a certain part of the reform of the penitentiary system of Ukraine and its transformation into a penitentiary system of a new European model. A number of previously unexplored directions that require in-depth scientific research within the scope of the research subject have been identified, which, in particular, are: – formulation of a methodological toolkit for the study of criminal and executive principles of medical and sanitary support of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment in Ukraine; – research on the origins of the formation and development of the regulatory and legal regulation of medical and sanitary support of prisoners sentenced to deprivation of liberty in Ukraine; – analysis of international legal regulation and foreign experience of medical and sanitary support of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment; – definition of the concept and content of medical and sanitary support for prisoners sentenced to imprisonment; – determination of the place of medical and sanitary support of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment in the mechanism of implementation of the right to health care; – establishing a correlation and clarifying the extent of the influence of the state of health of those sentenced to imprisonment on the change in their legal status; – providing a description of the organizational principles and interaction of authorized subjects regarding the medical and sanitary support of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment in Ukraine; – formulation of proposals for improving the criminal law enforcement of Ukraine and law enforcement practice in the field of medical and sanitary support for those sentenced to imprisonment; – development of the Concept of Reform (Development) of Penitentiary medicine in Ukraine. Key words: state of development, subject of research, science of criminal and executive law, criminal and executive principles, medical and sanitary support of those sentenced to imprisonment.