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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical antebrachial cutaneous nerve'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Chang, Ke-Vin, Kamal Mezian, Ondřej Naňka, Wei-Ting Wu, Yueh-Ming Lou, Jia-Chi Wang, Carlo Martinoli, and Levent Özçakar. "Ultrasound Imaging for the Cutaneous Nerves of the Extremities and Relevant Entrapment Syndromes: From Anatomy to Clinical Implications." Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm7110457.

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Cutaneous nerve entrapment plays an important role in neuropathic pain syndrome. Due to the advancement of ultrasound technology, the cutaneous nerves can be visualized by high-resolution ultrasound. As the cutaneous nerves course superficially in the subcutaneous layer, they are vulnerable to entrapment or collateral damage in traumatic insults. Scanning of the cutaneous nerves is challenging due to fewer anatomic landmarks for referencing. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to summarize the anatomy of the limb cutaneous nerves, to elaborate the scanning techniques, and also to discuss the clinical implications of pertinent entrapment syndromes of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve, intercostobrachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, superficial branch of the radial nerve, dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, sural nerve, and saphenous nerve.

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2

Aydin, A. "Nerves originating from brachial plexus in the porcupine (Hystrix cristata)." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 4 (March 29, 2012): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5685-vetmed.

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In this study, dissemination of forelimb’s nerves of the porcupine (Hystrix cristata) was investigated. Four porcupines (two males and two females) were used and nerves originating from brachial their plexus were dissected. Origin and dissemination of forelimb’s nerves orginated from brachial plexus constituted from cranial and caudal trunks were examined. Suprascapular nerve and the first branch of subscapular nerve orginated from cranial and caudal part of cranial trunk, respectively. Nerves orginated from caudal trunk, pectoral cranial nerves, constituted four branches spreading in pectoral muscles. Musculocutenoeus nerve gives a branche to brachial muscle and, after giving medial cutaneus antebrachii nerve was divided to two branches (digital dorsal commun I and II nerve). Axillary nerve gives a branche to subscapular muscle and ends as cranial cutaneous antebrachii. Radial nerve separated to branches as ramus profundus and ramus superficial which also was divided to digital dorsal commun III and IV nerve and lateral cutaneus antebrachial nerve. Thoracodorsal nerve spreaded to latismus dorsi muscle. Median nerve was divided to digital dorsal commun I, II, III and IV nerve. Ulnar nerve was divided to digital dorsal commun V and digital dorsal commun V nerve after giving caudal cutaneous antebrachi. An undefined nerve branche orginated from caudal trunk entered corachobrachial muscle and biceps brachii muscle. Lateral thoracic and caudal pectoral nerves orginated from caudal trunk. In the porcupine, branche which goes to corachobrachial muscle directly from caudal trunk of the brachial plexus and distrubutions of musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar and median nerves were different from rodantia and other mammals.

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3

Mackinnon, Susan E., and Christine B. Novak. "Operative Findings in Reoperation of Patients with Cubital Tunnel Syndrome." HAND 2, no. 3 (April 10, 2007): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11552-007-9037-3.

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The purpose of this study was to report the operative findings in patients who underwent a secondary operation for cubital tunnel syndrome. A chart review was performed of 100 patients who had undergone a secondary operation for cubital tunnel syndrome by one surgeon. The mean age was 48 years (standard deviation 13.5 years). The most common complaint after primary surgery was increased symptoms in the ulnar nerve distribution ( n=55) and pain in the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve distribution ( n=55). The most common operative findings included a medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve neuroma ( n=73) and a distal kink of the ulnar nerve ( n=57). This kink was noted as the nerve moved from its transposed position anterior to the medical epicondyle to its native position within the flexor carpi ulnaris. This study suggests that during primary surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome care should be given to avoid injury to the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, distal kinking of the ulnar nerve with transposition and pressure on the transposed nerve by the fascial flaps or tendinous bands.

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4

Cesmebasi, Alper, Shawn W. O'driscoll, Jay Smith, John A. Skinner, and Robert J. Spinner. "The snapping medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve." Clinical Anatomy 28, no. 7 (August 9, 2015): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22601.

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5

Iyer, Vasudeva G. "Iatrogenic injury to posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve." Muscle & Nerve 50, no. 6 (October 30, 2014): 1024–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24347.

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6

Masear, Victoria R., Richard D. Meyer, and David R. Pichora. "Surgical anatomy of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve." Journal of Hand Surgery 14, no. 2 (March 1989): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(89)90019-1.

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7

Pasquale, Christopher R., and David C. Weber. "Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve distribution causalgia following venipuncture." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75, no. 9 (September 1994): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(94)90833-8.

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8

DELLON, A. LEE, and SUSAN E. MACKINNON. "Injury to the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve During Cubital Tunnel Surgery." Journal of Hand Surgery 10, no. 1 (February 1985): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(85)80011-5.

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This report calls attention to the increasingly common operative complication of injury to the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve during surgery on the cubital tunnel. The anatomical variations of site of this nerve are described, as well as typical examples of injury seen clinically.

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9

Prakash, K. M., T. H. Leoh, Y. F. Dan, S. Nurjannah, Y. E. Tan, L. Q. Xu, and Y. L. Lo. "Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve conduction studies in normal subjects." Clinical Neurophysiology 115, no. 4 (April 2004): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2003.11.025.

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10

Calotta, Nicholas A., Akash Chandawarkar, Shaun C. Desai, and A. Lee Dellon. "An Algorithm for the Prevention and Treatment of Pain Complications of the Radial Forearm Free Flap Donor Site." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 09 (July 29, 2020): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714149.

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Abstract Background The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a staple of microsurgical reconstruction. Significant attention has been paid to donor-site morbidity, particularly vascular and aesthetic consequences. Relatively few authors have discussed peripheral nerve morbidity such as persistent hypoesthesia, hyperesthesia, or allodynia in the hand and wrist or neuroma formation in the wrist and forearm. Here, we present a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for painful neurologic complications of the RFFF donor site. Materials and Methods The peripheral nerves that can be involved with the RFFF are reviewed with respect to the manner in which they may be involved in postoperative pain manifestations. A method for prevention and for treatment of each of these possibilities is also presented. Results Nerves from the forearm that can be harvested with the RFFF will have the most likelihood for injury and these include the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the radial sensory nerve, and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. A nerve that may be injured at the distal juncture of the skin graft to the forearm is the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve. The “prevention” portion of the algorithm suggests that each nerve divided to become a recipient nerve should have its proximal end implanted into a muscle to prevent painful neuroma. The “treatment” portion of the algorithm suggests that if a neuroma does form, it should be resected, not neurolysed, and the proximal portion should be implanted into an adjacent muscle. The diagnostic role of nerve block is emphasized. Conclusion Neurological complications following RFFF can be prevented by an appropriate algorithm as described by devoting attention to the proximal end of recipient nerves. Neurological complications, once present, can be difficult to diagnose accurately. Nerve blocks are critical in this regard and are employed in the treatment algorithm presented.

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11

Prahlow, Nathan D., and Ralph M. Buschbacher. "An Antidromic Study of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve, with a Comparison of the Differences Between Medial and Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Latencies." Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants 16, no. 5 (2006): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v16.i5.60.

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12

Higashihara, Mana, Masahiro Sonoo, Shoji Tsuji, and Yoshikazu Ugawa. "Two-step technique to optimize the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve response." Clinical Neurophysiology 121, no. 5 (May 2010): 712–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2009.12.019.

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13

Stahl, Shalom, and Nahum Rosenberg. "Surgical Treatment of Painful Neuroma in Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve." Annals of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 2 (February 2002): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-200202000-00007.

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14

Seror, Paul. "The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: Antidromic and orthodromic conduction studies." Muscle & Nerve 26, no. 3 (August 20, 2002): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.10218.

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15

Oishi, C., M. Sonoo, T. Shimizu, and A. Chiba. "39. Sensory nerve conduction study normal values of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve." Clinical Neurophysiology 120, no. 2 (February 2009): e99-e100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.10.057.

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16

Martins, R. S., M. G. Siqueira, and A. A. S. Carvalho. "A case of isolated tuberculoid leprosy of antebrachial medial cutaneous nerve." Neurological Sciences 25, no. 4 (October 2004): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-004-0324-2.

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17

Machanic, Bennett I., and Richard J. Sanders. "Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Measurements to Diagnose Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome." Annals of Vascular Surgery 22, no. 2 (March 2008): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2007.09.009.

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18

Magill, Christina K., Amy M. Moore, and Susan E. Mackinnon. "Same Modality nerve Reconstruction for Accessory nerve Injuries." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 6 (December 2008): 854–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.09.006.

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The standard repair of a nerve gap under tension is to use a sensory autograft, such as the medial antebrachial cutaneous or the sural nerve. The practice of using sensory grafts to repair motor nerve defects is challenged by the discovery of preferential motor reinnervation and modality specific nerve regeneration. In this article, two clinical cases are presented where accessory nerve injuries are repaired with either a motor nerve transfer (a branch of C7) or a motor autograft (obturator nerve), and excellent functional results are reported. These cases provide a stimulus to consider the use of motor nerve grafts or transfers in the repair of motor nerve deficits. © 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.

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19

Seror, Paul. "Brachial plexus neoplastic lesions assessed by conduction study of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve." Muscle & Nerve 24, no. 8 (2001): 1068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.1111.

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20

Przywara, Stanisław. "Importance of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve anatomical variations in upper arm surgery." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 03 (July 2016): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.181484.

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21

Jung, Mi Jin, Ha Young Byun, Chang Hee Lee, Seung Won Moon, Min-Kyun Oh, and Heesuk Shin. "Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Injury After Brachial Plexus Block: Two Case Reports." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 37, no. 6 (2013): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2013.37.6.913.

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22

Stylianos, Kapetanakis, Giatroudakis Konstantinos, Pavlidis Pavlos, and Fiska Aliki. "Brachial branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: A case report with its clinical significance and a short review of the literature." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 03 (July 2016): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.182772.

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ABSTRACTThe medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN) is a branch of the brachial plexus with a great variation within its branches. Knowledge of these variations is critical to neurologists, hand surgeons, plastic surgeons, and vascular surgeons. The aim of this study was to search for variations of the MACN and to discuss their clinical significance. For this study, six arm cadavers from three fresh cadavers were dissected and examined to find and study possible anatomical variations of the MACN. The authors report a rare case of a variation of the MACN, in which there are four brachial cutaneous branches, before the separation to anterior (volar) and posterior (ulnar) branch, that provide sensory innervation to the medial, inferior half of the arm, in the area that is commonly innervated from the medial brachial cutaneous nerve. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of this nerve variation. This variation should be taken into serious consideration for the differential diagnosis of patients with complaints of hypoesthesia, pain, and paresthesia and for the surgical operations in the medial part of the arm.

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23

Asheghan, Mahsa, Amidoddin Khatibi, and Mohammad Holisaz. "Paresthesia and forearm pain after phlebotomy due to medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury." Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury 06, no. 01 (September 23, 2014): e38-e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-6-5.

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24

Benedikt, S., D. Parvizi, G. Feigl, and H. Koch. "Anatomy of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and its significance in ulnar nerve surgery: An anatomical study." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 70, no. 11 (November 2017): 1582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2017.06.025.

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25

Manoukov, Yvan, Olivier Herisson, Eric Sali, Alain Sautet, Alain-Charles Masquelet, and Adeline Cambon-Binder. "Anatomy of the posterior branch of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: A cadaveric study." Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research 106, no. 4 (June 2020): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2020.02.006.

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26

Yang, Dae Suk, Ho-Jun Cheon, Hyun-Jae Nam, Dong-Ho Kang, Young-Woo Kim, and Sang-Hyun Woo. "Anatomical Distribution of Branches of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve during Cubital Tunnel Surgery." Journal of the Korean Society for Surgery of the Hand 18, no. 1 (2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/jkssh.2013.18.1.23.

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27

DUYNE, J., B. BURKEY, J. NETTERVILLE, and M. SULLIVAN. "The use of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve graft in head and neck reconstruction." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 2 (August 1997): P136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)80253-7.

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28

Thallaj, Ahmed, Peter Marhofer, Stephan C. Kettner, Mohammed Al-Majed, Abdulaziz Al-Ahaideb, and Bernhard Moriggl. "High-Resolution Ultrasound Accurately Identifies the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve at the Midarm Level." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 36, no. 5 (September 2011): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e318228a359.

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29

Seror, Paul. "Forearm pain secondary to compression of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve at the elbow." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 74, no. 5 (May 1993): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(93)90121-p.

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30

Damwan, Aomjai, Sithiporn Agthong, Chavarin Amarase, Pattarapol Yotnuengnit, Thanasil Huanmanop, and Vilai Chentanez. "Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve: Anatomical Relationship with the Medial Epicondyle, Basilic Vein and Brachial Artery." International Journal of Morphology 32, no. 2 (June 2014): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022014000200018.

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31

Loukas, Marios, Robert G. Louis, and Christopher T. Wartmann. "T2 Contributions to the Brachial Plexus." Operative Neurosurgery 60, suppl_2 (February 1, 2007): ONS—13—ONS—18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000249234.20484.2a.

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Abstract Objective: Recent advancements in neurotization and nerve grafting procedures have led to an increasing need for knowledge of the detailed anatomy of communicating branches between peripheral nerves. Although the surgical anatomy of the axilla has been well described, little is known regarding the degree or frequency of potential contributions to or communications with the brachial plexus. The aim of our study, therefore, was to explore extrathoracic, as well as potential intrathoracic, contributions to the brachial plexus from T2. Methods: The anatomy of the ventral primary ramus of T2 and the second intercostal nerve, including its lateral cutaneous contribution as the intercostobrachial nerve, was examined in 75 adult human cadavers (150 axillae), with particular emphasis on the communications with the brachial plexus. Results: Extrathoracically, communications were observed to occur in 86% of specimens. These contributions arose variably from either the intercostobrachial nerve or one of its branches and communicated with the medial cord (35.6%), medial ante-brachial cutaneous nerve (25.5%), or posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve (24%). Whereas the majority of specimens (68.2%) were observed to have only one extratho-racic communication, 31.7% of specimens exhibited two. Intrathoracically, communications were observed to occur in 17.3% of specimens. These communications always arose from the ventral primary ramus of T2. When combining and comparing data within individual specimens, it was observed that those axillae without an extratho-racic contribution from the intercostobrachial nerve always contained an intrathoracic communication. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that 100% of specimens contained a communication branch between T2 and the brachial plexus. Considering the possible implications of this data, with regards to sensory innervation of the arm and axilla, further studies in this area of research could prove extremely beneficial.

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32

Gomez-Eslava, Barbara, and Luis Alejandro García-González. "Surgical Anatomy of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve: Clinical Application in Ulnar Nerve Decompression Surgery in the Elbow." Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano 49, no. 01 (May 2021): 019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730002.

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Abstract Introduction Lesion to the posterior branch of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN) is one of the causes of revision of the ulnar nerve decompression surgery in the elbow.To avoid the morbidity associated with this injury, cadaver dissections were performed to identify this branch in its course through the ulnar tunnel. Methods We included 20 upper extremities of fresh cadaveric specimens. The posterior branch of the MACN was identified proximal to medial epicondyle and followed past the ulnar tunnel. The number of ramifications and their coordinates were recorded in a Cartesian plane, with the medial epicondyle as the central point. Results The posterior branch passed proximal and posterior to the medial epicondyle in all specimens, except one. The average of the adjusted x value is of 30 mm, and of the adjusted y value is -18 mm. Additionally, we determined that the posterior branch passes at an average angle of 30° with respect to the x axis. Conclusion The anatomical descriptions of this branch focused on surgical release of the ulnar nerve in the elbow are limited, and measures are only described in the horizontal plane (from proximal to distal). Schematizing the anatomy of this branch in its course throughout the ulnar tunnel will facilitate its identification during the procedures. However, variability and asymmetry in the branching pattern should be considered.

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33

Li, Feng, Shu-feng Wang, Peng-cheng Li, Yun-hao Xue, Ji-yao Zou, and Wen-jun Li. "Restoration of active pick-up function in patients with total brachial plexus avulsion injuries." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, no. 3 (September 5, 2017): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193417728405.

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We designed multiple nerve transfers in one surgery to restore active pick-up function in patients with total brachial plexus avulsion injuries. Forty patients with total brachial plexus avulsion injuries first underwent multiple nerve transfers. These included transfer of the accessory nerve onto the suprascapular nerve to recover shoulder abduction, contralateral C7 nerve onto the lower trunk via the modified prespinal route with direct coaptation to restore lower trunk function and onto the musculocutaneous nerve with interpositional bridging by medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve arising from lower trunk to restore elbow flexion, and the phrenic nerve onto the posterior division of lower trunk to recover elbow and finger extension. At least three years after surgery, the patients who had a meaningful recovery were selected to perform secondary reconstruction to restore active pick-up function. Active pick-up function was successfully restored in ten patients after they underwent multiple nerve transfers combined with additional secondary functional hand reconstructions. Level of evidence: IV

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34

Oishi, Chizuko, Masahiro Sonoo, Teruo Shimizu, and Atsuro Chiba. "51. A pitfall in sensory conduction study of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LAC): Spread to the median nerve." Clinical Neurophysiology 120, no. 5 (May 2009): e158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.057.

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35

Haller, Jeffrey R., and Clough Shelton. "Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve: A New Donor Graft for Repair of Facial Nerve Defects at the Skull Base." Laryngoscope 107, no. 8 (August 1997): 1048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199708000-00008.

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36

Oishi, Chizuko, Masahiro Sonoo, Hiroko Kurono, Yuki Hatanaka, Teruo Shimizu, Atsuro Chiba, and Manabu Sakuta. "A new pitfall in a sensory conduction study of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve: Spread to the radial nerve." Muscle & Nerve 50, no. 2 (May 9, 2014): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24129.

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37

Nakajima, Yasuhiro. "Our Surgical Strategy for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome." Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/nsmc.v1i2.110.

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Surgical treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a very controversial surgery because objective diagnosis, such as image and electrophysiological examination, is very difficult. Clinical provocation tests including brachial plexus compression tests, such as Morley and Roos, and vascular compression tests, such as Wright and Eden ,are not high in specificity and are likely to be positive even in healthy persons and patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. We place emphasis on the laterality of latency and amplitude in the sensory neural action potential (SNAP) of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and ulnar nerve. After enough stretching exercises of scapular stabilizers and brachial plexus block, we always select surgery. In this presentation, I would like to show our diagnosis method and treatment strategy including surgery.

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38

Chen, Jing, Jun Tan, Bin Zhu, and Jin Bo Tang. "How to Avoid Damaging the Terminal Branches of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve and the Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve During Operations Involving the Medial Elbow?" HAND 11, no. 1_suppl (September 2016): 48S—49S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944716660555cb.

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39

Terao, Tohru, Emiko Saitou, Takuya Ishii, So Ohashi, Naoki Kato, Kunitomo Sato, Daichi Kawamura, et al. "Electro-physiological Evaluation of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve for Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome." Spinal Surgery 27, no. 3 (2013): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2531/spinalsurg.27.266.

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40

Bertelli, Jayme Augusto, Osvaldo João Pereira Filho, and Jorge Bins Ely. "Sensitive Areolar Reconstruction Using a Neurocutaneous Island Flap Based on the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 104, no. 6 (November 1999): 1748–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199911000-00022.

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41

Sarris, Ioannis, Felix Göbel, Michael Gainer, Dimitris G. Vardakas, Molly T. Vogt, and Dean G. Sotereanos. "Medial Brachial and Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Injuries: Effect on Outcome in Revision Cubital Tunnel Surgery." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 18, no. 8 (2002): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-36497.

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42

Moroni, M., G. Merlino, L. Gastaldi, R. E. Bozzo, and G. Giacomelli. "Monolateral nerve grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy using medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: Description of a new tecnique and initial results." European Urology Supplements 2, no. 1 (February 2003): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(03)80252-x.

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43

Morrison, Shane, Jonathan Massie, and A. Dellon. "Genital Sensibility in the Neophallus: Getting a Sense of the Current Literature and Techniques." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 35, no. 02 (August 5, 2018): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667360.

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Introduction Phalloplasty attempts to achieve a functional and aesthetic phallus. Sensation is a key component for sexual pleasure. Sensation is also important for protection in the setting of penile implant insertion. Little data are available on genital sensibility outcomes after phalloplasty, and there are no standardized approaches for assessment of either sensibility or erogenous perception. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases was conducted with terms related to genital sensibility after phalloplasty. Data on patient demographics, nerves used for coaptation, and measurements of genital sensibility were collected. Pooled event rates were determined for recovered glans sensibility and recovered erogenous sensation using a Freeman–Tukey arcsine transformation. Results A total of 341 articles were identified of which 26 met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. The dorsal cutaneous branch of the pudendal nerve and ilioinguinal were the most common donor nerves. The lateral and medial antebrachial cutaneous and lateral femoral cutaneous were the most common recipient nerves. Pooled event rates suggest that some recovered glans sensibility occurs in more than 70% of cismale patients and in more than 90% of transmale patients. Recovered “erogenous” sensation occurs in more than 75% of cismale patients and more than 95% of transmale patients. In cismale patients, outcomes of recovered glans sensibility and erogenous sensation may be better for upper extremity recipient nerves than lower extremity recipient nerves. Conclusions Based on the limited data in current literature on genital sensibility after phalloplasty, it is difficult to draw evidence-based conclusions. Yet data support improved outcomes with innervation. A validated outcome measure of “erogenous sensation” and a standardized approach to measuring cutaneous sensibility are required.

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Sajadi, Simin, Korosh Mansoori, Gholam R. Raissi, Seyede Z. Emami Razavi, and Mahsa Ghajarzadeh. "Normal Values of Posterior Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Conduction Study Related to Age, Gender, Height, and Body Mass Index." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 31, no. 6 (December 2014): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0000000000000108.

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Buntic, R. "The Position of Crossing Branches of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve During Cubital Tunnel Surgery in Humans." Yearbook of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery 2006 (January 2006): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1551-7977(08)70081-5.

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Lowe, James B., Sergio P. Maggi, and Susan E. Mackinnon. "The Position of Crossing Branches of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve during Cubital Tunnel Surgery in Humans." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 114, no. 3 (September 2004): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000130966.16460.3c.

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Li, Shulin, Yu Cao, Youlai Zhang, Junjian Jiang, Yudong Gu, and Lei Xu. "Contralateral C7 transfer via both ulnar nerve and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve to repair total brachial plexus avulsion: a preliminary report." British Journal of Neurosurgery 33, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2019.1675866.

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Spyriounis, Petros K., and Spyridon A. Vourtsis. "Spinal accessory nerve iatrogenic trauma following cervical lymph node biopsy. Treatment by anterior medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve graft: A case report." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 38, no. 4 (February 11, 2015): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-015-1062-9.

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Abuelem, Tarek, and Bruce Loyal Ehni. "MINIMALIST CUBITAL TUNNEL TREATMENT." Neurosurgery 65, suppl_4 (October 1, 2009): A145—A149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000338595.99259.d6.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE The surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome by various techniques is often met with disappointing results. An optimal treatment is not agreed upon. The authors propose a collection of techniques which they believe optimizes outcome and minimizes iatrogenic injuries. METHODS A combination of a novel skin incision which minimizes scar and iatrogenic cutaneous nerve injury, a technique of in situ decompression, and an atraumatic technique of ensuring complete nerve exploration proximal and distal to the incision is presented; these methods have been in use by the senior author for a number of years. RESULTS Numerous reports have demonstrated that the success of in situ ulnar nerve release by division of Osborne's fascia is equivalent to the success rates of more invasive operations for the condition of ulnar neuropathy. The authors share this view in the majority of cases of ulnar neuropathy, and they present a technique that can be expanded, if necessary, on the basis of surgical findings, with only a few indications for the greater epicondylectomy or transposition procedures. CONCLUSION The authors present a means of treating cubital tunnel syndrome. Failure of in situ cubital tunnel release, as with failure of any ulnar procedure, can be attributed to intraoperative ulnar nerve injury, injury to the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, inadequate longitudinal exploration and release, scar formation with recurrent compression and/or traction, and the possibility that decompression could lead to iatrogenic symptomatic nerve subluxation. The authors discuss the rationale for a minimalist open surgical approach for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome, and each of these concerns is addressed.

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Paraskevas, George, Konstantinos Koutsouflianiotis, Kalliopi Iliou, Theodosis Bitsis, and Panagiotis Kitsoulis. "Accessory coracobrachialis muscle with two bellies and abnormal insertion - case report." Acta Medica Academica 45, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.173.

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<p><strong>Objective</strong>. In the current study a brief review is presented of the coracobrachialis muscle’s morphological variability, action, embryological development and clinical significance. <strong>Case report</strong>. We report a case of a left-sided coracobrachialis muscle consisting of two bellies. The deep belly inserts into the usual site in the middle area of the anteromedial aspect of the left humerus, whereas the superficial belly inserts through a muscular slip into the brachial fascia and the medial intermuscular septum, forming a musculo-aponeurotic tunnel in the middle region of the left arm, for the passage of the median nerve, brachial artery and veins, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and ulnar nerve. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. Awareness of such a muscle variant should be kept in mind by physicians and surgeons during interpretation of neural and vascular disorders of the upper limb, since such a variant may potentially lead to entrapment neuropathy and/or vascular compression, predisposing to neurovascular disorders, as well as during preparation of that muscle in cases of utilizing it as a graft in reconstruction of defects.</p>

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