Relevant bibliographies by topics / Medical care Medical ethics Medical policy Leadership

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Medical care Medical ethics Medical policy Leadership'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Medical care Medical ethics Medical policy Leadership"

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Weise, Mary Victoria. "Medical Ethics Made Easy." Professional Case Management 21, no. 2 (2016): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncm.0000000000000151.

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Mirkes, Sister Renee. "Needed, an Ethics Audit of Catholic Sterilization Policies." Linacre Quarterly 76, no. 2 (May 2009): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/002436309803889287.

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The author proposes an ethics audit of Catholic sterilization policies as a way to correct the disparity between the regnant moral directive prohibiting direct sterilization in Catholic health-care facilities and the policy and practice of allowing tubal ligations for “medical” or “therapeutic” purposes. The proposed four-step plan for the ethics audit involves dialogue and collaboration between U.S. bishops who have Catholic health-care facilities in their dioceses and the respective hospitals’ administration, sponsors, and medical staff. First, bishops clarify for Catholic hospital administrators, sponsors, and system leadership the moral distinction between a direct sterilization and one that is therapeutic or indirect. Second, bishops instruct hospital CEOs to abide by directive 53 of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services by providing only indirect sterilizations. Third, bishops encourage hospital leadership and medical/nursing staff to promote directive 53 in tandem with directive 52 and its call for providing natural family planning services within the hospital. And, fourth, bishops collaborate with the hospital or system leadership in conducting ongoing oversight of sterilization policy/procedures to insure that their Catholic health-care institutions practice durable compliance with directives 52 and 53.
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McCullough, Laurence B. "An Ethical Framework for the Responsible Leadership of Accountable Care Organizations." American Journal of Medical Quality 27, no. 3 (November 23, 2011): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860611421226.

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Using the ethical concepts of co-fiduciary responsibility in patient care and of preventive ethics, this article provides an ethical framework to guide physician and lay leaders of accountable care organizations. The concept of co-fiduciary responsibility is based on the ethical concept of medicine as a profession, which was introduced into the history of medical ethics in the 18th century. Co-fiduciary responsibility applies to everyone who influences the processes of patient care: physicians, organizational leaders, patients, and patients’ surrogates. A preventive ethics approach to co-fiduciary responsibility requires leaders of accountable care organizations to create organizational cultures of fiduciary professionalism that implement and support the following: improving quality based on candor and accountability, reasserting the physician’s professional role in the informed consent process, and constraining patients’ and surrogates’ autonomy. Sustainable organizational cultures of fiduciary professionalism will require commitment of organizational resources and constant vigilance over the intellectual and moral integrity of organizational culture.
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Emanuel, Linda. "Building in Ethics at the American Medical Association." Quality Management in Health Care 8, no. 3 (2000): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019514-200008030-00003.

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Villeneuve, Michael J. "Medical Assistance in Dying: A Review of Canadian Regulatory Documents." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 21, no. 2 (May 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154420923733.

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After years of heated debate about the issue, medical assistance in dying (MAiD) was legalized in Canada in 2016. Canada became the first jurisdiction where MAiD may be delivered by nurse practitioners as well as physicians. Experience has revealed significant public demand for the service, and Canadians expect nurses to advocate for safe, high-quality, ethical practice in this new area of care. Pesut et al. offer a superb analysis of the related Canadian nursing regulatory documents and the challenges in creating a harmonized approach that arise in a federation where the Criminal Code is a federal entity and the regulation of health care providers and delivery of care fall under provincial and territorial legislation. Organizations like the Canadian Nurses Association contribute to the development of good legislation by working with partners to present evidence to help legislators consider impacts on public health, health care, and providers. Nursing regulators across Canada responded quickly to the unfolding policy landscape as the federal legislation evolved and will face that task again: In February 2020, the federal government tabled legislation to relax conditions related to MAiD requests that will force regulators and professional associations back to public advocacy and legislative tables. The success of the cautious approach exercised by nursing bodies throughout this journey should continue to reassure Canadians that their high trust in the profession is well placed.
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Ma, Jessica E., Marie Haverfield, Karl A. Lorenz, David B. Bekelman, Cati Brown-Johnson, Natalie Lo, Mary Beth Foglia, Jill S. Lowery, Anne M. Walling, and Karleen F. Giannitrapani. "Exploring expanded interdisciplinary roles in goals of care conversations in a national goals of care initiative: A qualitative approach." Palliative Medicine 35, no. 8 (June 3, 2021): 1542–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02692163211020473.

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Background: The United States Veterans Health Administration National Center for Ethics in Health Care implemented the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative throughout the Veterans Health Administration health care system in 2017. This policy encourages goals of care conversations, referring to conversations about patient’s treatment and end-of-life wishes for life-sustaining treatments, among Veterans with serious illnesses. A key component of the initiative is expanding interdisciplinary provider roles in having goals of care conversations. Aim: Use organizational role theory to explore medical center experiences with expanding interdisciplinary roles in the implementation of a goals of care initiative. Design: A qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Setting/participants: Initial participants were recruited using purposive sampling of local medical center champions. Snowball sampling identified additional participants. Participants included thirty-one interdisciplinary providers from 12 geographically diverse initiative pilot and spread medical centers. Results: Five themes were identified. Expanding provider roles in goals of care conversations (1) involves organizational culture change; (2) is influenced by medical center leadership; (3) is supported by provider role readiness; (4) benefits from cross-disciplinary role agreement; and (5) can “overwhelm” providers. Conclusions: Organizational role theory is a helpful framework for exploring interdisciplinary roles in a goals of care initiative. Support and recognition of provider role expansion in goals of care conversations was important for the adoption of a goals of care initiative. Actionable strategies, including multi-level leadership support and the use of interdisciplinary champions, facilitate role change and have potential to strengthen uptake of a goals of care initiative.
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Sajid, Imran. "Are clinical leads clinical leaders? Optimising primary care-led commissioning and policy making." British Journal of Healthcare Management 25, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0015.

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There is rising demand for general practitioners in the UK to fill leadership roles in clinical commissioning. Function can vary, from providing frontline insights, representing peers or patients, as well as adding credibility, or relationship-building for programme delivery. The term ‘clinical lead’ may, however, be misleading regarding responsibilities, which often lack the authority or strategic tenets defined in leadership. Much of the literature regarding medical managers focuses on single healthcare provider organisations that adopt shop-floor clinicians into a leadership structure. Population commissioning, however, demands additional technical skills in public health, statistical literacy, economics and even ethics, which, while learnable, are not innate to clinicians. Along with biases in the selection of leadership hierarchies, and limitations of traditional project management, further steps are necessary to nurture the competencies for coherent leadership that use implementation science and maximise opportunity for clinician-leaders to bridge the evidence-policy gap. Organisations need to learn to more effectively distribute authority across the political economy of healthcare to appropriate clinical-leaders in policy rather than continued concentrations of executive decision-making. This requires clinicians with the appropriate neutrality and minimum necessary competencies to be selected and developed for population commissioning.
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Terra, Sandra M., and Suzanne K. Powell. "Is a Determination of Medical Futility Ethical?" Professional Case Management 17, no. 3 (2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncm.0b013e31824d6720.

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Shank, Christopher D., Elizabeth N. Kuhn, Mark N. Hadley, and Beverly C. Walters. "Developing Physician Leadership in Hospital Policy Development: A Case Study of Resident-Driven Policy Initiatives in the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham." Neurosurgery 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz002.

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Abstract The bulk of a resident's daily work is patient care related; however, other aspects of residency training are vital both to a resident's education and to the advancement of the field. Basic science and clinical research are the more common academic activities in which residents participate after completion of daily patient care objectives. Less frequently, residents participate in a process vital to the delivery of efficient, cost-effective, and safe patient care: hospital policy development. Two policies were identified as outdated or absent: (1) the process for the declaration of brain death and (2) a policy for the use of hypertonic saline in the Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit. The policies were rewritten after review of the existing policy (when applicable), other institutions’ examples, national guidelines, and state and federal laws. Once written, proposals were reviewed by department leadership, hospital ethics, legal counsel, ad hoc specialty committees, the Medical Directors Council, and the Medical Executive Committee. After multiple revisions, each proposal was endorsed by the above bodies and ratified as hospital policy. Residents may make a substantial impact on patient care through active participation in the authorship and implementation of hospital policy. The inclusion of residents in policy development has improved the process for declaring brain death and management of patients with devastating neurological pathology. Resident involvement in hospital policy initiatives can be successful, valuable to the institution, and beneficial to patient care. Resident involvement is predicated on faculty and institutional support of such endeavors.
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Duffield, Christine, Susan Chapman, Samantha Rowbotham, and Nicole Blay. "Nurse-Performed Endoscopy." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 18, no. 1 (February 2017): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154417700740.

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Increasing demands for health care globally often lead to discussions about expanding the involvement of nurses in a range of nontraditional roles. Several countries have introduced nurse endoscopists as a means of easing the burden of demand for a range of endoscopic procedures. A shortage of medical staff in Australia combined with increasing demand for endoscopy led to the implementation of nurse endoscopists as a pilot program in the state of Queensland, where a nurse practitioner model was implemented, and Victoria, where an advanced practice model was used. This article will discuss the implementation of and responses from the nursing, medical, and policy community to nurse-performed endoscopy in this country. Regarding health policy, access to cancer screening may be improved by providing nurses with advanced training to safely perform endoscopy procedures. Moreover, issues of nurse credentialing and payment need to be considered appropriate to each country’s health system model.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical care Medical ethics Medical policy Leadership"

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Harrigan, Mary Louise (Marylou). "Leadership challenges in Canadian health care : exploring exemplary professionalism under the malaise of modernity /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2350.

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Thesis (Ed.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005.
Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University. Includes bibliographical references leaves 322-244. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.
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Morrell, Eric Douglas. "WHO ARE YOU CALLING NORMAL! – THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIES FUNCTION AND HEALTH CARE JUSTICE." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1699.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Includes vitae. Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Advisor(s): Peter H. Schwartz. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-66)
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Hill, Shannon La'Vone. "Strategies to Improve Employee Ethical Conduct in Health Care Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6439.

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Organizational leaders face challenges related to implementing ethical standards, which influence performance, organization sustainability, and culture. The purpose of this single case study was to explore ethics strategies that health care business leaders used to improve employees' ethical conduct. Data were collected through face-to-face, semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 7 business leaders of a health care organization located in central Georgia and a review of organization documents. The conceptual framework was Brady's Janus-headed model of ethical theory. Using a priori coding during the data analysis process provided 3 thematic categories: policy strategies for the improvement of employee ethical conduct, ethics strategies used to address employee unethical conduct, and strategies to overcome barriers of strategy implementation. Themes that emerged from the data were accountability and responsibility, leadership development, escalating behaviors, and adapting to change. The findings from this study might contribute to social change by providing information about ethical strategies leaders used to improve employee ethical conduct, which can be used to influence individuals' livelihood, stakeholders' comfort level, and the well-being of the community.
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Martin, Mark Anthony. "Servant Leadership Characteristics and Empathic Care: Developing a Culture of Empathy in the Healthcare Setting." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1572254537330104.

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Rahman, Elizabeth Ann. "Made by artful practice : health, reproduction and the perinatal period among Xié river dwellers of north-western Amazonia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0c6e924d-f526-4f94-b1dc-bb40319a7d30.

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This thesis is an ethnographic study of a little documented indigenous group, the Warekena people, who live on the Xié River in north-western Amazonia. Examining the mythic histories of the animate riverscape, my work offers an overview of the emergence of riverside dwelling: starting with a macro view of Xié river lifestyles, I explain how seasonal and distinguishing historic-mythic narratives tie in to wider idioms, and to experiences of social reproduction. I focus on reproductive processes and the perinatal period, highlighting methods used by Xié dwellers to nurture healthy, quality-conscious lifestyles, and I examine Xié aetiologies and pathologies. Mindfulness, or awareness, is viewed as a key component of good health. In this context, healthy childbirth is for the birthing mother an art form, a practice for which her total life experience has prepared her. Childbirth is ranked with such other painful experiences as snakebite, and both childbirth and snakebite are opportunities for personal growth. Infant care is seen through the lens of specific, hands-on techniques that promote mindful states in both the carer and the cared for. Mindfulness emerges as a heuristic device that allows us to scrutinize the Amerindian soul and body, also elucidating soul-loss in the ‘animist’ lived world. I argue that mindfulness is a core characteristic of the ‘cool’ hydrocentric and status-conscious lifestyles of Xié river dwellers, and that it defines what it means to be a person, the Xié way.
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Karlsson, Josefine. "Experimentet med människor som spelpjäser : En etisk analys av Vipeholmexperimentet utifrån Beauchamp och Childress fyra etiska principer." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53832.

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The aim of this essay is to investigate the ethical issues that permeated the carbohydrate experiment that was going on at Vipeholm's hospital for "uneducable insane" in Sweden. The material about the experiment is taken from Elin Bommenel's dissertation The Sugar Experiment: The Caries Experiments 1943–1960 at Vipeholm Hospital for the Insane. To create understanding, Beauchamp and Childress´s four ethical principles, which are used as ethical guidelines in health care, were used in the analysis of the experiment. The four principles are the principle of nonmaleficence, the principle of respect for autonomy, the principle of beneficence and the principle of justice. The analysis based on the four principles showed that the Vipeholme experiment is complex to understand as Beauchamp and Childress's principles provided a picture of the research which from many aspects cannot be seen as ethically correct. From other aspects, however, some elements can be supported by Beauchamp and Childress. The researchers had the task of investigating caries that would successfully help many people. Based on the principle of beneficence, one could imagine that the researchers acted correctly, but had no respect for the patients' autonomous decisions. The two principles are then in conflict with each other, something that critics of Beauchamp and Childress point out as a shortcoming.
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Engdahl, Ylva. "HOPE Platform Digital Toolfor Type 2 Diabetes : Supporting Newly Diagnosed Patients in Self-Care." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297535.

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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease whose incidence has increased with more than 200% during the past 20 years. The increasing number of type 2 diabetes patients could result in more patients suffering from lower quality of life and life threatening complications. Furthermore, the growing need of care will increase the load on healthcare. To counteract this effect, digital tools could be used to put more care responsibility on the patient.  The aim of this project was to find and implement the relevant features for a digital type 2 diabetes tool for newly diagnosed patients. The final goal was to encourage self-care, reduce anxiety and thus improve quality of life, while decreasing the risk of complications. The research process of this project consisted of five phases: literature study (to find relevant features and their clinical evidence), interviews (to find the desires of patients and practitioners), data analysis (to prioritise features), development of the features and evaluation of the tool.  The results showed that important features were documentation of blood glucose measurements, patient education, data transfer, communication and care plan overview, but even more importantwas the possibility to individualise the tool for different patients. The evaluation indicated that a clear care plan overview that was easy to understand could help the patient prioritise care activities. Furthermore, patients could be encouraged by reminders, seeing improvements and having continuous communication with healthcare. It was found that for positive clinical outcomes, high usability is essential. To reach patient acceptance the tool must be relevant and easy to use. It must also give valuable output, such as decision support for self-care or new knowledge. To reach practitioner acceptance the tool should be based on evidence based methods and integrate well with existing systems.  Finally it was concluded that the knowledge and technology needed to build a successful tool is already present, they only need to be put together and formulated in a way which is understandable and useful for both patients, caregivers and developers.
Diabetes typ 2 är en kronisk sjukdom vars incidens har ökat med mer än 200% de senaste 20 åren. Det stigande antalet patienter med diabetes typ 2 kan leda till att fler patienter blir lidande av lägre livskvalitet och livshotande komplikationer. Dessutom ökar det stigande vårdbehovet belastningen på vården. För att motverka denna effekt kan digitala verktyg utvecklas så att mer ansvar kan läggas på patienten. Syftet med detta projekt var att hitta och implementera relevanta funktioner för ett digitalt verktyg för nydiagnostiserade patienter med diabetes typ 2. Målet var att uppmuntra egenvård, minska oro och därmed öka livskvaliteten samt minska risken för komplikationer. Projektets forskningsprocess bestod av fem faser: litteraturstudie (finna relevanta funktioner och deras evidens), intervjuer (kartlägga krav från patienter och vårdgivare), dataanalys (prioritera funktioner), utveckling av funktioner i HOPE platform och slutligen utvärdering av verktyget i HOPE platform. Resultaten visade att dokumentation av blodglukosmätningar, patientutbildning, dataöverföring, kommunikation och vårdplansöversikt var viktiga funktioner, men ännu viktigare var möjligheten att individanpassa verktyget för varje patient. Utvärderingen indikerade att en tydlig vårdplansöversikt som är enkel att förstå hjälper patienten att prioritera de viktigaste vårdaktiviteterna. Vidare kan patienter motiveras av påminnelser, att se förbättring och att ha kontinuerlig kontakt med vården. Det konstaterades att hög användbarhet är nödvändig för att uppnå positiva kliniska effekter. För att nå acceptans hos patienterna måste verktyget vara relevant, enkelt att använda och ge något värdefull tillbaka, så som beslutsstöd för egenvård eller ny kunskap. För att nå acceptans hos vårdgivarna bör verktyget baseras på evidensbaserade metoder och vara kompatibelt med nuvarande system. Slutligen drogs slutsatsen att kunskapen och tekniken för att skapa ett lyckat verktyg redan finns, men att kraven måste sammanställas och formuleras på ett sätt som är förståeligt och användbart för både patienter, vårdgivare och utvecklare.
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Click, Ivy A., Reid B. Blackwelder, and Donald W. Good. "Practice Predictors of Graduates of a College of Medicine with a Rural Primary Care Mission." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/248.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the practicing characteristics of graduates of a college of medicine with a rural primary care mission, including influences on graduates' specialty choices and practice locations. Secondary data analyses were conducted on student records and AMA Physician Masterfile data. Fewer graduates were practicing primary care than had entered primary care training. Graduates who attended internal medicine residency training were less likely to be practicing primary care medicine than those who attended other primary care programs. Women and rural track graduates were significantly more likely to practice primary care than were men and generalist track graduates, respectively. Primary care physicians (PCPs) were practicing in more rural locales than non-PCPs. Family physicians tended to practice in the most rural locales. FMDRL_ID: 4822
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Gregg, Amy L. ""Nineteenth-Century American Medicine:The Implications of Professionalism, Capitalism, and Implicit Bias"." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492473135829899.

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Ott, Kenneth Brad. "The Closure of New Orleans' Charity Hospital After Hurricane Katrina: A Case of Disaster Capitalism." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1472.

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Abstract Amidst the worst disaster to impact a major U.S. city in one hundred years, New Orleans’ main trauma and safety net medical center, the Reverend Avery C. Alexander Charity Hospital, was permanently closed. Charity’s administrative operator, Louisiana State University (LSU), ordered an end to its attempted reopening by its workers and U.S. military personnel in the weeks following the August 29, 2005 storm. Drawing upon rigorous review of literature and an exhaustive analysis of primary and secondary data, this case study found that Charity Hospital was closed as a result of disaster capitalism. LSU, backed by Louisiana state officials, took advantage of the mass internal displacement of New Orleans’ populace in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in an attempt to abandon Charity Hospital’s iconic but neglected facility and to supplant its original safety net mission serving the poor and uninsured for its neoliberal transformation to favor LSU’s academic medical enterprise.
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Books on the topic "Medical care Medical ethics Medical policy Leadership"

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Who owns our health?: Medical professionalism, law and leadership beyond the age of the market state. Sydney, NSW: University of New South Wales Press, 2007.

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Commers, Matt. Determinants of health: Theory, understanding, portrayal, policy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Determinants of health: Theory, understanding, portrayal, policy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Debout, Michel. Le désordre médical. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1986.

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Coverage for All in American Samoa. Policy leadership group recommendations to Fono. American Samoa: Territory of American Samoa, Office of the Governor, Coverage for All in American Samoa, 2007.

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Ethical health care reform: Person-focused reorganization. Norfolk, VA: Hampton Roads Pub. Co., 1993.

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Melville, Keith. Health care for the elderly: Moral dilemmas, mortal choices. Dayton, Ohio: [Domestic Policy Association], 1988.

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Just health care. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Avedis, Donabedian, and Povar Gail J, eds. Striving for quality in health care: An inquiry into policy and practice. Ann Arbor, Mich: Health Administration Press, 1991.

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Baier, Horst. Der Wertewandel im Gesundheitswesen in europäischer Perspektive: Bedingungen und Folgen für die Medizinethik. Passau: Wissenschaftsverlag Rothe, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medical care Medical ethics Medical policy Leadership"

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de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada. "In Vitro Fertilization and the Ethics of Nonconservative Medical Care." In Making Babies: Biomedical Technologies, Reproductive Ethics, and Public Policy, 123–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2159-2_5.

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Molella, Robin G. "Public Health Practice, Leadership, and Health Care Law." In Mayo Clinic Preventive Medicine and Public Health Board Review, 253–66. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199743018.003.0016.

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Public health is focused on health at the population level. This broad focus allows public health officials to use strategies and tools that differ from those used by health care providers, who focus on individual patients. Determinants of health include access to education, safe working environments, and safe and reliable sources of nutrition. Community empowerment aims to create sustainable change through vocational training, health education, policy changes, and other actions. Quarantine, incarceration, or forced treatment can be used by public health agencies if they provide proof of danger to the community. Licensure authorizes an agency to create rules that regulate the activities of the professional or entity; medical examinations can be mandated. The ethical principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence are the same for public health and medicine. Ethics in public health also consider the needs of the population and how that may interfere with individual freedoms. Various types of cost analyses can be performed to determine where best to apply available public health funds.
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Voren, Robert van, and Robert Keukens. "The abuse of psychiatry." In Psychiatric Ethics, edited by Sidney Bloch and Stephen A. Green, 143–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198839262.003.0007.

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Abuse of psychiatry was in the Soviet Union, for several decades, a State policy to quell dissent, and was carried out in collaboration with the then leadership of Soviet psychiatry. Approximately one-third of all political prisoners were subjected to this practice. The Soviet case has been taken as the main example. However, this branch of medicine has been misused elsewhere, in particular, in the Eastern Bloc in the 1980s, and in the People’s Republic of China in the late 1990s. Before World War II, on the pretext of setting up a merciful euthanasia programme, the Nazi regime made medical and nursing staff kill, by injection and gassing, tens of thousands of patients suffering from an incurable physical or mental illness. The chapter ends with thoughts on how the political abuse of psychiatry can be prevented.
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"Deprivation of Liberty and Medical Care." In Healthcare Law and Ethics and the Challenges of Public Policy Making. Hart Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509950478.ch-013.

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Rosiek, Anna, Krzysztof Leksowski, Aleksander Goch, Aleksandra Rosiek-Kryszewska, and Łukasz Leksowski. "Medical Treatment and Difficult Ethical Decisions in Interdisciplinary Hospital Teams." In Healthcare Ethics and Training, 1381–413. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2237-9.ch066.

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The chapter focuses on organizational culture and ethics, and authors refer to some studies on organizational climate. Authors analyze the relationship between organizational culture and types of performance indicators, which include key concerns of policy makers and the public regarding of hospital behavior. The indicators include resource use per patient (communication process and treatment method, technology, ethical behavior), productivity in resource use (by improving the teamwork and staff education), short-term profitability, patient satisfaction with medical care, and employee satisfaction with improved work culture.
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Rosiek, Anna, Krzysztof Leksowski, Aleksander Goch, Aleksandra Rosiek-Kryszewska, and Łukasz Leksowski. "Medical Treatment and Difficult Ethical Decisions in Interdisciplinary Hospital Teams." In Advances in Medical Education, Research, and Ethics, 121–53. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9658-7.ch006.

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The chapter focuses on organizational culture and ethics, and authors refer to some studies on organizational climate. Authors analyze the relationship between organizational culture and types of performance indicators, which include key concerns of policy makers and the public regarding of hospital behavior. The indicators include resource use per patient (communication process and treatment method, technology, ethical behavior), productivity in resource use (by improving the teamwork and staff education), short-term profitability, patient satisfaction with medical care, and employee satisfaction with improved work culture.
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Laurie, G. T., S. H. E. Harmon, and E. S. Dove. "3. Health Rights and Obligations in the European Union." In Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics, 40–63. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198826217.003.0003.

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This chapter begins with a discussion of the European market for health. It then analyses examples of those elements of EU health policy that contain a significant ‘rights’ dimension; outlines the legal framework for the rights dimension of health care policy in the EU; considers the emergence of elements of a European health policy; examines cross-border access to health care in the EU; and considers ethics in science and new technologies in the EU. The prospect of Brexit will not immediately remove nor necessarily diminish the influence of EU law on the field.
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Williams, George W. "Statistics, Ethics, and Management." In Anesthesiology Critical Care Board Review, 115–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190908041.003.0010.

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While regulatory, management, and statistics concepts are commonly considered pertinent primarily for examinations, the mastery of this skillset allows for effective leadership in an intensive care unit. In the modern multidisciplinary model of critical care, an intensivist needs to be comfortable interpreting quality metrics as well as medical literature. Additionally, an understanding of the regulatory role of government and how such policies affect the care of patients is directly pertinent to interactions with hospital administrators and peers of other specialties. This chapter provides a general overview of these concepts for the examination, but the reader is encouraged to read more into the background of these topics in order to gain a practical mastery of these concepts for practice.
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Ozturk, Yusuf, and Jayesh Sharma. "mVITAL." In IT Policy and Ethics, 515–38. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2919-6.ch024.

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Pervasive care and chronic disease management to reduce institutionalization is a priority for most western countries. The realization of next generation ubiquitous and pervasive healthcare systems will be a challenging task, as these systems are likely to involve a complex structure. Such systems will consist of various devices, ranging from resource-constrained sensors and actuators to complex multimedia devices, supporting time critical applications. This is further compounded by cultural and socio-economical factors that must be addressed for next generation healthcare systems to be widely diffused and used. In this study, the requirements for a vital sign monitoring solution are derived and based on these requirements a standards compliant medical device networking solution is presented. mVITAL is an end-to-end solution based on IEEE-11073 framework. IEEE-11073 defines a family of standards and nomenclature for device communication protocol, data format and logical interface between monitoring station and standard compliant medical devices. mVITAL is not only providing medical sensor networking and vital sign monitoring but also closes the loop by signaling alert messages to the caregiver and allowing pervasive access to vital signs of a patient using smartphones over a heterogeneous network. A role based access control mechanism is developed to limit the access to secure data. The end-to-end delay and the variations in delay for both the sensor data collection and the pervasive access are analyzed. mVITAL is developed as a complementary solution augmenting functionality of a hospital information system and can be loosely coupled with the hospital information system using web services.
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Graffigna, Guendalina, and Serena Barello. "The Value of Measuring Patient Engagement in Healthcare." In Healthcare Ethics and Training, 1268–90. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2237-9.ch060.

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The concept of patient engagement offers a unique opportunity to inform our understanding of patients' ability to be active in managing their care. However, unless promoting the active role of patients is today identified as a priority to promote care quality, a wide debate still exists on how to translate this principle into practice and how to assess initiatives aimed at increasing the level of patient participation in their care. Measuring patient engagement along the care course might ensure that the medical care truly serves patients' needs, priorities, and preferences. Unless the measurement of patient engagement is today a big issue for policy makers and healthcare practitioners, only few scientifically validated assessment tools currently exist to identify patients' level of involvement in their healthcare. In this chapter authors review the main validated tools currently available in the scientific community devoted to assess the patients' ability and availability to be actively engaged in their care, with a particular focus on the recently developed Patient Health Engagement Scale, specifically designed to assess the emotional and psychological adaptation of patients along their care process and their level of engagement in the healthcare management.
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