Dissertations / Theses: 'Medical care – Saudi Arabia'

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Bakhashwain, Abdullah Saeed. "Acceptance and utilisation of primary health care in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3798.

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The provision of health services to all the population is one of the highest priorities in many governments' agenda, because the health system, education and social security are important indicators of the level of development of a state. However, the provision of health services to cover all the population is not easy, particularly in many developing counnies, which lack human and financial resources. In 1978, at Alma - Ata WHO and UNICEF jointly declared the primacy of the primary health care ( PHC) approach for achieving the WHO's social goal, " health for all the people by the year 2000". Since then, PHC has become a major concern on national and international levels. Saul Arabia one of the countries which has adopted and implemented the PHC approach.This study explores the implementation of the PHC approach, the utilisation of health services delivered at the health centres and health awareness in Jeddah, a major urban centre in Saudi Arabia, where public and private health services co-exist and compete, and where traditional medicine is still used and practised. A sample comprising both utilisers of the PHC centres and non- utilisers were questioned about their health practices, beliefs and attitudes, and an attempt was made to determine whether socio- economic and demographic characteristics were significantly related to utilisation and health awareness. No single pattern of attitude or behaviour was found to be consistently related to socio-economic or demographic characteristics. However, the findings indicate the general significance of education.The nature of service provision was found to affect satisfaction and a need was found to improve the quality of the health service and to remove bureaucratic barriers which impede utilisation. Although many aspects of PHC are successfully implemented, there is evidence of misunderstandings of the approach by both consumers and providers, which limits both utilisation and satisfaction. In particular providers and users still prioritises curative above preventive medicine, health education is still neglected, and the potential of the media in this respect is under-exploited.Finally, traditional medicine was found to be used and practised, but the finding; indicate there is not necessarily a conflict between the two systems. They appear to be used in a complementary way, and them may be scope for integration.

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Alshammari, Khalid Douhan. "MODELING AND OPTIMIZATING CARE DELIVERY FOR TERTIARY EYE PATIENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA THROUGH MOBILE MEDICAL CARE TEAMS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1574342342069563.

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Alkhamis, Abdulwahab. "A comparison of access to medical care for insured and uninsured expatriates in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/12077/.

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Background: Saudi Arabia is one of the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries which have common characteristics such as high-income governments, dominant expatriate populations, and under-developed healthcare systems, including healthcare financing. The dominance of the expatriate working population raises the question of how to find a mechanism that ensures expatriates have appropriate access to medical care whilst the employers bear the responsibility of healthcare expenses. Saudi Arabia is one of the few GCC countries to have reformed its private healthcare system through a Compulsory Employment-Based Health Insurance (CEBHI). The CEBHI was designed to mitigate some of the disadvantages of the Employment Sponsored Insurance scheme previously implemented in the United States; and this is the first study to investigate the impact of this form of private health insurance on access to medical care, in a country such as Saudi Arabia. The main aim of the study was to explore the influence of health insurance on access to medical care, in order to assist the Saudi Government in their deliberations about making CEBHI compulsory for all people (citizens and expatriates) within Saudi Arabia. This aim was investigated through the following objectives: 1) to review health financing in Saudi Arabia and compare it with other GCC countries and elsewhere in the world; 2) to compare the access to medical care of insured and uninsured expatriates in Saudi Arabia; 3) to develop a framework for understanding the complex relationship of health insurance and access to healthcare, 4) to make policy-relevant recommendations regarding the key question as to whether compulsory health insurance in Saudi Arabia should be expanded. Methods: Two methods were used to tackle the study objectives. Firstly, a framework for country-level analysis of healthcare financing arrangements was used to compare and analyse the national expenditure on healthcare within the GCC and other developing/developed countries. Secondly, a logistic regression analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey was undertaken to investigate the impact of health insurance on access to medical care, considering the main workplace and personal characteristics of the expatriates. Three access measures, access to usual medical care (Access 1), inability to access medical care (Access 2), and utilization of medical care (Access 3), were used to evaluate access to medical care for the expatriate population. Prior to the implementation of CEBHI the expatriate population accessed medical care through a variety of different avenues. These modes of access were used as classification of the expatriate population into four groups. Two of these groups were insured but had a different Previous Method of Paying for Healthcare (PMPHC) (Group B=insured, not paid, and Group D=insured and paid) and two groups were not insured but also had different PMPHC (Group A=not insured, not paid and Group C=not insured, but paid). A multistage stratified cluster sampling was used, and a sample selected from each sector and company size proportionately. The total sample size was 3,278. A simple conceptual framework for studying access to medical care was developed to guide the multi-variate regression techniques, and greatly assisted interpretation of the results. Results: The GCC characteristics impact on the healthcare financing strategies of GCC countries in three ways. First, GCC governments provide the majority share of the health budget, similar to high-income countries. Second, GCC countries use different strategies to control expatriates costs, but some of these strategies lead to increased out-of-pocket expenses, which is a characteristic of low-income countries. Third, health care financing systems in GCC countries are still being developed as they finance most of their public services, including health care services, with revenue from natural resources (i.e. oil or gas). Additionally, some of their health care indicators are identifiable with those from below upper-middle income countries. In addition, after CEBHI, private expenditure did not change but remained around 22.4%, which does not reflect the huge number of people having access to medical care though private sector only. However, there was a shift in the means of private sector expenditure from Out Of Pocket payments to private insurance expenditure. OOP expenditure decreased from 32.3% in 2006 to 28.4% in 2008, and private insurance expenditure increased as a percentage of private sector expenditure from 26.2% in 2006 to 36.7% in 2008. Analysis of the data from the survey demonstrates that health insurance is strongly associated with access to medical care, as measured by the three different access measures). Compared to uninsured workers, being enrolled in CEBHI increased the possibility of an expatriate’s access to usual medical care and utilisation of medical care by more than 10 (8.709-12.299, 95%), and 2.3 (1.946-2.750, 95%) respectively. However, the influence of PMPHC is greater than the influence of insurance alone on reducing the inability to access medical care (health insurance reduced the inability to access medical services by 42% (0.515-0.995, 95%), whereas PMPHC reduced the inability to access medical services by more than 65.% (0.273-0.436, 95%)).Therefore, the impact of health insurance on access to medical care is much greater for those expatriates previously having had healthcare costs met by their employer, than for those who had not. These impacts remained, when the odds ratios were adjusted for both workplace and personal characteristics. Conclusion: CEBHI has a clear positive impact on reducing out of pocket payments and increasing private insurance expenditure. However, overall, private healthcare expenditure has increased insignificantly. This indicates that the main impact of CEBHI on private expenditure, is the change in the mode of payment from out of pocket payments to private insurance expenditure. However, the actual impact on private sector expenditure is still minor. Access to medical care is influenced by health insurance. In addition, it is also influenced by PMPHC as a contributory role to play in the influence of health insurance on access to medical care. Workplace and personal characteristics play a small part in mediating the influence of health insurance on access to medical care. A framework was developed for understanding the complex relationship of health insurance and access to healthcare, which will be useful for further investigations regarding the influence of health insurance on access to medical care. Both long and short-term recommendations are proposed for increasing the expatriate population’s access to medical care, whilst reducing the burden on healthcare financing.

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Al-Majed, Ibrahim. "Dental trauma and erosion in the primary and permanent dentitions of boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313372.

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Jaber, Hanadi Mohamad. "The Impact of Accreditation on Quality of Care: Perception of Nurses in Saudi Arabia." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/41.

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Accreditation is recognized worldwide as a tool to improve health care quality. In developing countries, the interest in attaining international accreditation is growing despite the considerable resources the accreditation process consumes and the lack of information about its impact on quality of care. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation on health care quality and to explore the contributing factors that affect quality of care as perceived by nurses. The theoretical foundation for this study was based on total quality management theory and Donabedian's model. The research questions for the study examined the impact of JCI accreditation on quality of care and the relationship between quality improvement activities and quality of care. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed in which a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Participants from one accredited and another nonaccredited hospital in a developing country in the Middle East formed the purposive nonprobability sample that included 353 nurses. The results of a Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and a correlation analysis indicated that JCI accreditation has a significant impact on quality of care ratings by nurses. Also, multiple regression analysis showed that leadership commitment is the best predictor of quality of care as perceived by nurses. This study may foster social change by encouraging hospital administrators and policy makers, particularly in developing countries, to implement quality improvement programs that will eventually improve the health care system in their countries.

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Alshammasi, Abdrabalamir Abbas Abdullah. "The influence of economic, political and socio-cultural factors on the development of health services in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5105.

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In this thesis I examine the influence of economic, political and socio-cultural factors on the development of health services in Saudi Arabia. There are four main parts and a conclusion. In Part One I review the situation in developing countries. Many commentators have argued that economic factors, and to some extent political factors, are the main determinant of health services development in developing countries. Socio-cultural factors are generally neglected in these analysis. In this thesis I redress the balance by examining the relationship between economic, political and socio-cultural factors in the development of the Saudi health care system.In Part Two I analyse the Saudi resource situation. Although the health service is not considered a priority in the overall Saudi development strategy, the government provides generous financial resources for its development. However, non-financial resources remain a problem. Relatively abundant financial resources can provide a short-term solution to some of the resource shortages, such as the lack of skilled manpower, but the use of expatriate health personnel may have unanticipated negative consequences.In Part Three I examine the resource allocation process. The Saudi political system contains a mixture of modern and traditional elements, and the decision making process is affected by traditional social relationships. The King and public bureaucrats play a key role in the allocation process, but local leaders and Governors have wide scope to influence their decisions. While health provision is not a political issue in the country, it contributes to the social cohesion between the government and the general public.In Part Four I examine the influence of socio-cultural factors on the development of the Saudi health service. In the Saudi society socio-cultural factors affect the behaviour of individuals in their interaction with the health system. For example, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca by millions of moslems from all over the world presents a formidable challenge to health authorities. Health authorities accept the importance of socio-cultural factors, and respond by compromising policies. In the conclusion I consider the policy and theoretical implications of the study. In particular I examine the need for the formal recongnition and incorporation of socio-cultural factors into health policy decision making. This would lead to the generation of alternative policy options which complement other options based on economic and political considerations. The socio-cultural oriented approach can contribute significantly to the improvement of the long term prospect for health services in Saudi Arabia, and developing countries generally.

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Medabesh, Ali Mohemmed M. "Customer comfort as a marketing construct in healthcare." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Information Management and Marketing, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0068.

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Customer comfort is an important factor in developing and maintaining relationships between customers and service providers. For example, it plays essential roles in selecting service provider. In spite of its importance, the concept of comfort has not been fully explained in the service marketing literature. Although, comfort has been discussed as a fundamental element in healthcare, its role in developing and maintaining customer relationships has not been fully explored in the boarder marketing literature. The present study focuses on the concept of comfort (physical and psychological) as a crucial factor in marketing health care services, particularly in Saudi private hospitals This thesis examines a number of the antecedents and consequences of physical and psychological aspects of comfort in the marketing arena. Antecedents investigated included: functional and technical dimensions of service quality, the environmental and social aspects of hospital life and service costs (monetary and non-monetary). Patients satisfaction was the consequence of customer comfort explored in this thesis. When the relationships between the physical and psychological aspects of comfort and their antecedents were examined, it was concluded that a number of these constructs were shown to have positive effects in the concept of comfort in Saudi private hospitals. For example, the construct of functional service quality appears to have a positive effect in the perception of psychological comfort. The construct of technical service quality, such as staff behaviours, also tends to have a positive effect in the perception of psychological comfort. The social and environmental aspects of hospital life stood out as the only construct that has a positive effect in the perception of physical comfort. While the monetary and non-monetary costs of the service were VII found to have no effect in the perceptions of both physical and psychological comfort. In testing the consequence of the physical and psychological aspects of comfort, it was found that psychological comfort tends to have a positive effect in satisfaction. Finally, the findings showed that the technical dimension of service quality appears to have significant effects in the perceptions of both psychological comfort and satisfaction. This implies that the technical dimension of service quality tends to promote psychological comfort and satisfaction for Saudi patients. The perception of physical and psychological comfort in Saudi private hospitals is also influenced by the roles of the Islamic religion which is based on the holy Quran and Sunnah of Profit Mohammed (peace be upon Him). In addition to the basic dimensions of comfort, these roles can be used to shape the perceptions of the concept of comfort. It may be useful for Saudi private hospitals to direct their efforts towards promoting patients comfort and satisfaction by providing healthcare quality experience that focuses on the functional and technical dimensions of healthcare services, the environmental and social aspects of hospitals and the costs of their services. Data has been collected using an established questionnaire to examine the relationship between comfort, service quality, hospital life and costs.

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Algarni, Saleh Saeed. "Primary health care management of overweight and obese adults in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia : current status and potential quality improvement through the fit and minimally disruptive medical model." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Department, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10423.

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Background: Obesity is now one of the most important public health issues in Saudi Arabia, with 74.2% of women and 69% of men found to be overweight or obese, but there is limited research into the nature and effectiveness of overweight and obesity management in primary care in Saudi Arabia or elsewhere. International literature supports the role of primary health care in managing obesity through evidence-based interventions, yet also notes many barriers to health professionals helping patients achieve significant weight loss. A new collaborative and patient-centred approach to primary care management of chronic disease, Fit and Minimally Disruptive Medicine, appears potentially well-suited to helping patients manage their weight. Research Aims: This thesis aimed to determine health professionals’ and patients’ views on the appropriateness and quality of current obesity management practices in primary health care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., and also their views on the acceptability, utility and applicability of Fit and Minimally Disruptive Medicine to assist successful weight management. Research Methods: Preliminary informal interviews were held with representatives of key groups in primary health care in Riyadh, four senior primary health care officials, 10 primary health care centre managers, 20 doctors, 20 nurses and 20 patients from 10 primary health care centres. The main investigation used the interview material to develop two structured questionnaire surveys for a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study on the management of overweight and obesity in primary health care. The first questionnaire, for doctors and nurses, addressed primary health care centre resources and services, use of weight loss strategies, and the health professionals’ views on overweight and obese patients, obesity management and the Fit and Minimally Disruptive Medicine approach. The second survey, for patients, addressed patients’ motivation and readiness to lose weight, support from family and friends, weight loss options used, satisfaction with services provided by their primary health care centre, and views on using the Fit and Minimally Disruptive Medicine approach. The surveys were conducted in iv 53 primary health care centres in four out of five health sectors in Riyadh City; 10 centres were included in a pilot study and 43 in the main study. The main study was conducted with a sample of 77 doctors, 78 nurses and 80 patients. Results: Findings showed that while primary care practice management of obesity in Riyadh incorporates some best practice recommendations, there are important elements that are rarely, or inconsistently, used. Only 44.2% of doctors and 55.1% of nurses, for example, always calculated patients’ body mass index, and only 10.4% of doctors and 12.8% of nurses always assessed the patient’s progress for more than six months. The main strategy for obesity management was the recommended combination of diet, exercise and behaviour modification (67.5% of doctors and 56.4% of nurses). Reported barriers to establishing obesity clinics included inadequate resources, and administrative and referral issues. The patient survey found 90% of patients said they were ready to lose weight, but identified various barriers, including lack of family and friend support, and dissatisfaction with their primary care centre’s staff and services (48%). The majority of health professionals and patients supported the use of Fit and Minimally Disruptive Medicine weight management. Discussion: This thesis makes a major contribution to the literature on the effectiveness of primary care management of obesity, notably including the patient perspectives. The thesis is also the first to investigate health professionals’ and patients’ views on applying Fit and Minimally Disruptive Medicine to weight management. Recommendations for Saudi Arabia include further training of health professionals, the introduction of clinical practice guidelines on managing obesity, and a pilot study of using Fit and Minimally Disruptive Medicine for weight management in primary health care. This thesis provides valuable guidance for health care organisations seeking to improve the management of overweight and obesity in primary care, and for researchers interested in undertaking further investigations in this area.

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Shafei, Yasser. "Unifying the Medical System in Saudi Arabia: Bringing Saudi Arabia to the forefront of Medical Technology in the Middle East." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/332.

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Saudi Arabia is the biggest Arab state in the Middle East. The Kingdom has a total population of about 30 million people of which about 29.4% are less than 15 years old, 67.6% are between 15 and 64 years old, and 3% are over 65 years old. This creates a need for sophisticated infrastructure that is able to cater to the needs of an aging population, especially in big cities. Despite the fact that the country is divided into 13 provinces, about 60% of the population lives in only three provinces, which are Jeddah, Riyadh and Dammam. Unfortunately, the medical system of the country has become obsolete and, from my own experience of being born and raised in the Kingdom, I believe time has come to bring changes to it if we want to remain among the leaders of the Arabian Peninsula. Through this project, I will highlight the current medical system in Saudi Arabia and explain how I can apply the System Engineering process in order to create a fantastic system that will facilitate the organization and hasten the availability of medical data to medical practitioners.

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Almotiri, Naif. "Teleconsultation perspective for cardiovascular patients in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7343.

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This research of teleconsultation services aims to improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment for rural cardiovascular patients through utilizing distant medical expertise. Equitable access to expert healthcare as well as improved medical management for these patients can assist in modifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and reduce morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia. The objectives were to design and develop a new care pathway for cardiovascular disease patients by utilizing teleconsultation technology, investigate factors and issues that might act as barriers to its adoption, and then evaluate the impact of this model on the stakeholders. A small scale pilot project was used to determine the issues of technology, processes and human resources required to deliver an effective service with the context of the research setting. Four primary healthcare centres, two regional hospitals, fifteen patients and sixty other participant stakeholders were included in this study. An approach using (PCP) patient care pathways was used to introduce the teleconsultation technology and integrate it within the healthcare delivery system. Compared to the traditional PCP, the modified PCP utilising teleconsultation technology improved the quality of healthcare through:  Improved access to medical care and quality of diagnosis by obtaining the expertise of a distant specialist.  More efficient medical evaluation and management.  Enhanced role of primary healthcare centres and participating hospitals by providing all levels of health services for patients.  Evidence-based referral (reduced waiting time, reduced burden on outpatient clinics). The telconsultation adoption barriers included:  Inadequacy of finance  Limited infrastructure  Legal and regularity difficulties.  Organization issues.  Literacy on technology. This study recommends the following for telemedicine implementation in the country:  Promote perception and readiness for ICT services with the healthcare community.  Enhance structural readiness including appropriate infrastructure and adequate funding, human resources and equipment.  Proactive policies to encourage growth of the telecommunication sector and to address concerns regarding privacy and security.

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Neyaz, Yakoub. "Physicians medication prescribing in primary care in Riyadh City , Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443910.

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Al-Zahrani, Ahlam. "Women's sexual health care in Saudi Arabia : a focused ethnographic study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14570/.

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This study was conducted to describe how women and health care professionals perceive sexual health and services that are currently provided in Saudi Arabia. Background At present, the worldwide health authority, in the form of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has drawn great attention to the importance of improving women's sexual health globally. It is increasingly concerned about women's sexual health and permanently works to shed light on the innovative approaches that are needed to raise women's awareness of risky behaviour. and to help them access the advice and treatment they need to avoid negative health outcomes that would impact on their future lives. Research into women's sexual health in Saudi Arabia will help in identifying possible causes of poor sexual health care that could be used as preventive tools in that, or similar cultures. In addition, it helps to meet women's physiological, emotional and educational needs, which is essential to support good sexual health.

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Sabbagh, A. O. "A novel model for managing health informatics in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/6a19f00c-e199-49e6-b0c6-4e71d853fa35/1.

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Application of Health Informatics (HI) is becoming more pervasive in the Saudi Arabian health organisations (SAHOs) with the aim of exploiting its potential for better healthcare delivery. Yet, to date, the management of HI has not been fully digested in the Saudi health environment. Therefore, adoption of imported models has become a common practice for managing HI. Consequently, most implemented systems fall short of meeting objectives or tackling key existing issues. The aim of the study is to develop a model for HI management that not only deals with key prevailing issues but also should be compatible with the Saudi Arabian health environment. The research contends that the key to success in exploiting the potential of HI is the use of appropriate local models that fully integrate with the Saudi Arabian health environment. The research design was mainly guided by pragmatic philosophy which incorporated both quantitative and qualitative research. It was inductive in nature and used a field research methodology to accomplish the research objectives. Empirical data was collected via questionnaires and interviews in the collaborating health organisations. Literature review, data analyses of the questionnaires and interviews yielded the initial framework for the Health Informatics Management Model (HIMM). A first round evaluation of the HIMM was conducted yielding a revised version. Later, data was also gathered from participants in a second round of evaluating the HIMM. The second round was to reassess the compatibility of HIMM with the Saudi Arabian health organisations, and to update the model in order to match the current application of HI in these organisations. The analysis of the data gleaned from the second stage evaluation yielded a revised (and final) HIMM, contemplated by participants. Based on the above empirical data, the research study introduces the HIMM, the first holistic and systematic HI framework that should enable the Saudi health providers and managers to better comprehend the multi-faceted perspectives that form the HI management paradigm, and guide them in its management. It can allow them to decide how best to manage HI projects in a way that ensures an optimum use of HI resources for effective and efficient delivery of healthcare and services. This work is of considerable utility in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States, where HI management and its application are regarded as an area of high priority.

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Alayyash, Maha. "Three-party medical consultations in Saudi Arabia : a mixed-methods study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25977.

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One of the cultural traditions in Saudi Arabia is that the Saudi female patient has to be accompanied by a third-party on her medical visits, thus giving rise to consultations between three parties. By third-party, I mean a chaperone or a family member who can be a patient’s spouse, parent, adult child, sibling, or relative. This person shares responsibility for the patient’s health and the patient relies on them to support them generally with assistance in terms of their health care needs and especially for medical visits. In this research, I focus on the presence of a third party in medical consultations with reference to patient satisfaction, how patients perceive the role of their chaperones during the medical visit and the nature of three-party medical interactions. To investigate these aspects, a convergent parallel mixed method design was used in order to develop a better understanding of doctor-patient-three party interactions, as no mixed method study has been conducted on these issues in medical consultations in Saudi Arabia. Hence, this study addresses this gap in literature by focusing on the interaction between the Saudi female patients, their male physicians and their chaperones. I have concentrated on the Saudi female patients (from different age groups, i.e. 19-75) for religious and cultural reasons. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis is to understand the phenomenon of three-party consultations in Saudi Arabia through a variety of aspects including patient satisfaction, patients’ perceptions, and what actually happens in three-party medical interactions (e.g., alignment and epistemic asymmetry). The data for this study included quantitative (i.e. questionnaires) and qualitative (i.e. four open-ended questions and observational and audio-recorded) data collected in one phase from 20 clinics in 3 hospitals in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia (two private and one governmental). A total of 117 female patients along with their chaperones were recruited. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire ratings showed that only patient’s education has a positive effect on patient satisfaction with chaperone involvement. Findings from thematic analysis of the open-ended questions data revealed that patients described three supportive roles of the chaperones, namely emotional, informational and logistical support. The patients’ perceptions regarding their chaperones’ supportive roles are re-evaluated in a real-life context by observing the chaperone’s facilitative role in three-party consultations. Therefore, conversation analysis of the audio-recorded data showed three main patterns of alignment: (1) doctor-patient, (2) chaperone-patient (and patient-chaperone), and (3) chaperone-doctor (and chaperone-patient) alignments. All these actions indicate that the participants were collaboratively involved in the positive interaction and this enhanced patient participation. However, in analysing three exceptional cases from the Chemotherapy and Haematology clinics, it was found that the presence of a chaperone dominates as well as complicates doctor-patient interaction and thus can significantly override or ostracise the patient who does not know her illness. For example, by using the Conversation Analysis approach, various epistemic resources used by the interlocutors (i.e. the oncologist and chaperones) are displayed by which the patient’s epistemic primacy is usurped and her epistemic access is controlled in terms of participation and the amount of information given. In comparing the mixed methods used in this study, congruent and discrepant results are found between the quantitative and qualitative data. In terms of congruent results, overall, the findings of this study concurred on the importance of having a supportive chaperone during a female patient’s medical appointment. Chaperones’ supportive roles appear to differently influence female patients’ symptoms, diagnosis or treatment plan. Chaperones in the current study have provided a useful contribution to the doctor-patient interactions. However, in terms of discrepancy, findings yielded by the conversation analysis (in Chapters 6 and 7) showed a discrepancy between what patients reported (see Chapter 5) about their chaperones’ supportive roles and what their chaperones did in the consultation. For example, the thematic analysis of the open-ended questions found that both genders were equally likely to be active in speaking for the patient. However, the conversation analysis of observational data adds and clarifies to what patients reported about their chaperones speaking on their behalf. The conversation analysis has given a good picture of the chaperone’s supportive role during medical visits in orienting towards patients as being the actual owners of their bodies and illness (see Chapter 6). Therefore, patients were given the chance to present their problem. Chaperones, in working collaboratively with patients and physicians, support the patient and facilitate the physician’s understanding. However, in only two exceptional cases (see Chapter 7) of actual medical interactions, the chaperone acts as a surrogate patient and restricts the patient’s own knowledge of their illness. Therefore, the current study contributes to three important areas, namely: (1) the literature of three-party interactions, (2) three-party interactions in Saudi Arabia, and (3) clinical practices in Saudi Arabia.

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Al-Yaemni, Asmaa Abdullah. "Does universal health care system in Saudi Arabia achieve equity in health and health care?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526777.

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Al-Tuwaijiri, A. M. "Primary eye care in Saudi Arabia : an integral part of the primary health care system." Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635734.

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Blindness is a serious socioeconomic handicap and most causes of blindness are preventable. The Primary Health Care System has been identified by the World Health Organisation as the 'first line of defence' in tackling the health care problems of developing countries. This is as true for eye care as it is for the whole range of other diseases and illnesses that affect a country's population. The Primary Eye Care system is, therefore, essential in the prevention of many ocular disorders that may cause blindness. The aim of the thesis is to define the current status of primary eye care systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It will concern itself with identifying and assessing the current resources and facilities that are available for eye patients at the primary health care level. It will also determine the strengths and weaknesses of the existing primary eye care system in the country according to geographical location, covering both urban and rural areas. Specific recommendations for action are formulated, in the light of the data collected, aimed at the reduction, control or elimination of avoidable and curable blindness. The ultimate goal of this thesis is, therefore, to add to the existing knowledge of eye care problems in the Kingdom and to put forward a series of recommendations to help in the prevention of blindness in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Dossary, Mesfer. "Health and development in poor countries with particular reference to Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295285.

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This thesis describes and analyses the development of the health care system in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the period since 1970. Two major differences between Saudi Arabia and most other countries have to be isolated. First, as a result of its oil wealth, Saudi Arabia has experienced extremely rapid economic growth over the last twenty years. Second, a very strong value system, Islam, has a persuasive effect upon Saudi society, including the organization of its health care system. The Basic Needs approach, which is favoured here, defines 'economic development' a the satisfaction of certain basic material human needs. Health care is important because it is one such basic need. The principal characteristics of health and health care in poor countries are examined. Patterns of mortality and morbidity are discussed as are the different health systems, and financial and health care planning arrangements, which are to be found. Trends in mortality, morbidity and life expectancy in Saudi Arabia are then discussed, bringing together data not previously assembled. The framework of the Saudi health sector is described. For the first time, the roles of health service providers, other than the Ministry of Health itself, are comprehensively documented. Regression contributions of rising living standards and the development of the health services to improvements in health status. Although some positive results are obtained, inadequate data prevent firm conclusions from being drawn. This crucial issue is therefore pursued on a more analytical level, employing comparative evidence on the experience of other countries. The final judgement is that economic growth, rather than the expansion of the health services, is the principal explanation of better standards of health in Saudi Arabia.

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Al-Maharwi, Saad Ali Gana 1957. "The impact of human activities on Asir National Park, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278241.

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Saudi Arabia has witnessed rapid development in economic, cultural and social aspects since the discovery of oil a few decades ago. This development involves all the governmental sectors including national parks. The need for national parks has become inevitable. Asir National Park was established to provide recreational sites and to preserve the unique natural and cultural features of the park. Research evaluated the impact of human activities of logging, grazing, hunting, land development and elimination and negligence of traditional architecture on Asir National Park features. A questionnaire, interviews and field observations were conducted to investigate the impact of these activities on Asir National Park. Asir National Park suffers a great deal of pressures from human activities. The local population depends on the park as their source of livelihood and as a traditional habit. The study illustrates the most affected zones where action should be taken to preserve park features.

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Arnaout, Ziad Hisham. "Diffusion of Technology in Small to Medium Medical Providers in Saudi Arabia." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1665.

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The Saudi ministry of health reported that government health care spending doubled from 2008 to 2011. To address increased demand, the government encouraged small to medium enterprise (SME) growth. However, SME leaders could not leverage technology as a growth enabler because they lacked strategies to address operating inefficiencies associated with technology. Only 50% of hospitals fully implemented information technology. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore lived experiences of SME leaders on strategies needed to accelerate technology implementation. This exploration drew on a conceptual framework developed from Wainwright and Waring's framework addressing issues of technology adoption. Data were collected from semistructured interviews of 20 SME leaders in Saudi Arabia. A modified van Kaam method was used to analyze participants' interview transcripts in search of common themes. The main themes were strategies to address human resources, clinical teams, funding, and organizational and leadership alignment to accelerate the diffusion of technology. Findings indicated that insurance companies influence SME operations, growth, and survival. Analysis of findings revealed the need for change in management, training, implementation follow up, and staff retention to accelerate technology implementation. Application of findings has the potential to promote positive social change in guiding SME leaders to be change agents and enabling them to create a reliable, sustainable health care delivery system.

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Al-Megren, J. S. "Factors influencing the learning process in primary health care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635699.

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Health education is an established, cost-effective primary health care intervention technology, at times the only tool available for disease control. As the PHC approach demands maximal participation by the community in solving its own health problems, the minimum the community can do is to adopt a health life style. Towards this end, the medical profession has a responsibility to initiate desired changes through changing the information levels of the community. Cancer prevention is one of the major arenas where educational inputs could play an important role. As the aeteo-pathogenesis of cancer depends on prolonged exposure to the risk factors, the progress of which can be altered through interventions at different stages of development. To this end, the existing information levels, the factors influencing the learning process in the population at risk (in terms of socio-demographic and cultural determinants), are required to be understood for planning and implementing educational intervention programmes. In this study an effort is made to explore the above mentioned factors with the ultimate goal of projecting an appropriate model for cancer education in a PHC setting in Saudi Arabia, by spelling-out the needed educational inputs in terms of culturally acceptable methods and material.

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Saleh, Doha Mahmoud Ismail. "The utilisation of ambulatory health care services in Saudi Arabia : a quantitative analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1862/.

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The thesis aims to investigate whether need is the major determinant of ambulatory health care utilisation for Saudi nationals in Saudi Arabia. This is done by applying multivariate analysis on the utilisation of both curative and preventive services on the data provided by the 1996 Saudi Arabia Family Health Survey. The analysis is applied within the framework of Andersen's sociobehavioural model, categorizing the factors that affect health services utilisation into predisposing, enabling and need factors. It can be concluded from the results that although need seems to be an important determinant of ambulatory health care utilisation, some of the predisposing and enabling factors were also found to affect health services utilisation, although the degree of their effect differs according to the health condition and type of services tested for. Need is dominant with regards to the utilisation of health services in response to children's diarrhoea, infants' full immunisation and attending at least one prenatal care session. But since some of the predisposing and enabling factors were found to affect health services utilisation, this highlights the importance of addressing the factors that were found to impede the utilisation at the health care system level as well as at the society level in order to achieve a more equitable health care system.

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Hassanien, Amal. "Renal care in Saudi Arabia : a review of the quality of healthcare management." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24377.

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Chronic kidney disease has become a worldwide public health problem as it is linked with an increase in the incidence and prevalence rate of patients with renal failure who require renal replacement therapy with high healthcare costs and poor outcomes. Moreover, chronic kidney disease (CKD) in its earlier stages is associated with a higher prevalence of many adverse outcomes such renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. In Saudi Arabia, the total number of patients who are receiving renal replacement therapy has been increasing rapidly in recent decades, as the Saudi Centre for Organ Transplantation data has demonstrated, while the estimated annual cost for treating end-stage renal disease uses around 3.8% of the total Ministry of Health's budget in Saudi Arabia. This means that more attention is required for the prevention and management of CKD and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this thesis was formulated to review the quality of healthcare management for patients with chronic kidney disease in Saudi Arabia. This review was achieved based on: (I) assessing and describing the epidemiology of end-stage renal disease, (II) assessing pre end-stage renal disease care practice, (III) examining the indications for hospital admission among haemodialysis patients. The findings have revealed that the burden of end-stage renal disease has increased substantially in Saudi Arabia particularly among middle-aged diabetic and hypertensive patients, while the most prevalent co-morbid conditions were hypertension and Hepatitis C virus infection. Detecting patients with chronic kidney disease in the earlier stages, and pre end-stage renal disease care practices and its outcomes should be improved in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, cardiovascular diseases play a major role in increasing the rate of hospitalization and mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease. In conclusion, this review stressed the needs and the importance of multidisciplinary preventive strategies for leading causes of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and improving pre ESRD nephrology care practices and its outcomes in Saudi Arabia. This will not be possible to achieve without collaboration between healthcare providers and a comprehensive national health information system to allow consistent assessment of the quality of healthcare management and provide an updated evidence-based health policy that will help healthcare providers to choose the best intervention that will help to improve healthcare practice outcomes and allocate healthcare resources.

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Bargawi, Amina Adam. "Identification of quality attributes for primary health care services in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43079.

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In this study, the researcher attempts to identify special quality attributes in primary health care services in Saudi Arabia. Knowledge about these attributes will help in improving the quality of primary care services and enhance consumers' and providers' satisfaction. In addition, this study is trying to bridge the quality perception gap between PHC providers and consumers. A descriptive survey design (questionnaire) was used as the research methodology. The researcher developed the questionnaire after extensive revision of related literatures, its validity and reliability was carefully addressed. The study was conducted at the selected 18 Ministry of Health PHC centres at Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Random stratified sampling process were used to select the PHC consumers while, available sampling was used to select the PHC providers. The data is analyzed by using the (SPSS) program. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, t -test and ANOVA were used. The result of the study indicated that PHC providers and consumers in Saudi Arabia perceived the four aspects of quality (structure, technical process, interpersonal process and outcomes) as very important, and they gave the structure aspect the higher importance rate among the others. The three most important PHC attributes are tangible, preventive services and staffing, whereas the least important attribute is the community participation. While a vaccination service is judged by both PHC providers and consumers as "Excellent" services, the Dental clinic, Community participation, Environmental health and Radiology service were judge as "Good" services. The general level of the quality of the PHC services was scored around 70%. "Deficiencies of medical equipments and materials" was the most frequent criteria against which the PHC providers judge the existence of poor quality, whereas, "provider show no courtesy and bad manner when dealing with the consumers" the most frequent criteria against which the PHC consumers judge the poor quality of PHC services. The implications of the findings were discussed, and recommendations were given to rectify certain problems.

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Alotaibi, Mohammed. "An intelligent mobile diabetes management and educational system for Saudi Arabia (SAED)." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/40767/.

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Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease that affects approximately 382.8 million people worldwide. Globally, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the seventh highest prevalence of diabetes, with over one-fifth of the Saudi population diagnosed with diabetes. Poor understanding and low health awareness, in parallel with lifestyle choices are considered the main components behind the increase of diabetes and diabetes-related complications in KSA. There is also a lack of diabetes speciality centres, especially in remote areas of KAS. Moreover, diabetes management becomes more complicated during the Ramadan month because people observe fasting throughout the month. The month long fasting process complicates the disease status of Saudi diabetic patients with potential complications post the fasting period. In this thesis, we present the design and development of a novel and intelligent mobile diabetes management system tailored for type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients in Saudi Arabia with the focus on the integration of educational and compliance issues, which we name as the SAED system. The system was validated in two preliminary pilots in the Kingdom, one pilot being specifically dsigned to evaluate the system for diabetic patient during Ramadan fasting month. The outcomes of the clinical pilot indicated the clear effectiveness of the SAED system in lowering the HbA1c levels. The system was tested for its performance through a randomized control trial on 20 diabetic patients for a period of six months in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The outcomes of the pilot study showed improvements in the HbA1c levels of patients and also significant improvements in diabetes knowledge amongst the patients. The HbA1c levels of the diabetic patients in the SAED intervention group decreased from 8.76% to 7.85%. The diabetic knowledge test outcomes of the diabetic patients in the SAED intervention group significantly improved from 46.20% to 61.10%. Further, our study also tested the SAED system on diabetic patients during the Ramadan period. This is important because fasting is observed during the Ramadan month which can significantly affect the diabetes management and diagnosis amongst the patients. The study for the Ramadan period was conducted on another 20 patients using the similar approach described above. The results from the clinical trial indicated significant reductions in the number of hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic events during the month of Ramadan in patients who used the SAED system. The diabetes knowledge test outcomes also significantly rose from 44.60% to 64.10%. The SAED system for diabetes management using mobile technologies in KSA has been proven to be successful in improving the diagnosis and management of diabetes amongst the patients. The SAED system offers an inexpensive, practically feasible solution for diabetes self-management in KSA. Considering the social, economic, and political conditions in KSA, the SAED system can enhance the quality of healthcare provided to patients, lead to better utilization of resources, provide timely interventions, and improve the overall quality of life of diabetic patients and their family and friends.

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Alnaami, Khalid. "Criminal medical liability in Islamic law (Sharia) (with some applications in Saudi Arabia)." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683018.

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Mtsha, Aaron. "Documentation of nursing care current practices and perceptions of nurses in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4040.

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Thesis (MCur (Nursing Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nursing documentation is the written evidence of nursing practice and reflects the accountability of nurses to patients. Accurate documentation is an important prerequisite for individual and safe nursing care. It is a severe threat for the individuality and safety of patient care if important aspects of nursing care remain undocumented. Nursing staff cannot rely on information that is not documented. Every patient is important and unique hence every patient’s care is individualised and different according to his/her needs. This is why important aspects of his/her care need to be documented. Ultimately, the documentation practices reflect the values of the nursing personnel (Isola, Muurinen and Voutilainen, 2004:79-80). The goal of this study was to investigate documentation of nursing care with reference to current practices and perceptions of nurses in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia Specific objectives of the study were:  to identify whether the hospital policies are being carried out  to identify whether the procedures regarding current documentation are being carried out and  to explore the perceptions of the nurses regarding the current documentation practices. Research Methodology For the purpose of this study, a non-experimental descriptive design with a quantitative approach was used. The study was carried out at King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. The total population of 90 registered nurses were used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants and they were answered with no identities written on the questionnaires. After the questionnaires were completed, it was posted in a box and was collected by the researcher. The questions are straightforward, easily understood, unambiguous, non-leading, objectively set and aimed at obtaining views, experiences and perceptions of documentation of nursing care. . Involvement of participants was voluntary and non-coercive. Data analysis were carried out with the support of a statistician, expressed in tables, frequencies and statistical associations were done between various variables based on a 95% confidence interval. The study revealed that:  Hospital policies are being carried out N=76 (95%)  Procedures pertaining to documentation of nursing care are being carried out N=67(83,7%).  Nurses N=45(56,3%) indicated that paper documentation included a lot of paperwork.  The Cerner (computer system) is regarded as the best system ever used for documentation of nursing care N=44(55%)  The Mycare system (medication ordering system) is regarded as the most reliable, user-friendly system and nurses are happy with it N=68(85%) Recommendations are:  Nurses still need to be taught about the hospital policies  Nurses should be taught the correct procedure on documenting the patient data  Nurse clinicians and managers should check the Cerner for compliance with regard to documentation of physical assessment when conducting audits  Use of paper for nursing documentation should be minimized by shifting some of the nursing documentation procedures from paperwork to electronic version  Continuous updating, in-service training and monitoring to keep nurses abreast with the dynamic nature of computer usage  Reviewing of the system, troubleshooting and suggestions from users need to be attended to on a continuous basis  It is recommended that a backup system (generator) is in place to ensure continuity of documentation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dokumentering van verpleegsorg is die skriftelike bewys van die verpleegpraktyk en weerspieël die toerekenbaarheid van verpleegsters teenoor pasiënte. Noukeurige dokumentering is ’n belangrike voorvereiste vir individuele en veilige verpleegsorg. Dit is ’n ernstige bedreiging vir die individualiteit en veiligheid van pasiënte-sorg, indien belangrike aspekte van verpleegsorg nie gedokumenteer word nie. ’n Mens kan nie inligting vertrou wat nie gedokumenteer is nie. Die versorging van elke pasiënt is belangrik en uniek. Dit is waarom belangrike aspekte aangaande haar/sy versorging gedokumenteer behoort te word. Uiteindelik weerspieël die dokumenteringspraktyke, die waardes van die verpleegpersoneel (Isola, Muurinen en Voutilainen, 2004: 79-80). Die doel van die studie was om dokumentasie van verpleegsorg met verwysing na huidige praktyke en persepsies van verpleegkundiges in ‘n opleidingshospitaal in Saudi Arabia te ondersopek. Spesifieke doelwitte was  om vas te stel of die hospitaal se beleidsrigtings toegepas word  om vas te stel of die prosedure t.o.v die huidige dokumentering uitgevoer is  en’n ondersoek na die persepsies van verpleegsters aangaande die huidige dokumenteringspraktyke Vir die doel van hierdie studie is ’n nie-eksperimentele beskrywingsontwerp met ’n kwantitatiewe benadering gevolg. Hierdie studie was in King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Jeddah, in Saudia Arabia gedoen. ’n Totale bevolking van 90 geregistreerde verpleegsters was betrokke. Vraelyste was versprei na die deelnemers en is naamloos beantwoord, sonder dat hulle identiteite op die vraelys aangebring is. Na voltooiing van die vraelyste, is dit in ’n houer geplaas en deur die navorser afgehaal. Die vrae is direk, eenvoudig, maklik verstaanbaar, ondubbelsinnig, nie-afleibaar, objektief opgestel en is daarop gemik om gesigspunte, ervaringe en persepsies oor dokumentering van verpleegsters te verkry. Betrokkenheid van deelnemers was vrywillig en nie afdwingbaar nie. Data is getabuleer en in histogramme en frekwensies voorgestel. Deur die Chi-square- toets te gebruik, is statisties betekenisvolle assosiasies tussen veranderlikes bepaal. Bevindinge sluit die volgende in:  Die hospitaalbeleid word toegepas N= 76(95%)  Prosedure t.o.v. dokumentering aangaande verpleegsorg word uitgedra N=67(83,7%)  Verpleegsters het aangedui dat dokumentering op papier, baie papierwerk behels N=45(56,3%)  Die Cerner (rekenaarstelsel) word beskou as die beste stelsel ooit in gebruik vir die dokumentering van verpleegsorg N==44(55%)  Die Mycare stelsel (medisyne bestellingstelsel) word beskou as betroubaar en gebruikersvriendelik, en een waarmee verpleegsters gelukkig is N=68(85%). Aanbevelings is gemaak, gebaseer op die volgende bevindinge:  Dit is steeds nodig dat verpleegsters die hospitaal se beleidsrigtinge geleer moet word  Verpleegsters moet die korrekte prosedure aangaande die dokumentering van die pasiënt se data geleer word  Verpleegklinici en bestuurders moet die Cerner nagaan ter voldoening van die dokumentering van fisiese waardebepalinge tydens ouditeringe  Die gebruik van papier vir verpleegdokumentering behoort afgeskaal te word deur van die praktyk van papierwerk na elektroniese dokumentering te skuif  Voortdurende bywerking van data, indiensopleiding en monitering van verpleegsters om hulle op die hoogte te hou van die dinamiese aard van rekenaargebruik  Hersiening van die stelsel, foutspeurdery en voorstelle van gebruikers moet op ’n voortdurende basis aandag geniet.

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Al-Muzaini, Ahmed Saleh. "Investigation of the development of palliative care services for cancer patients in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250753.

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Algamdi, S. J. "Older patients' satisfaction with home health care services in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40219/.

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In this study, I have presented the background of the current health services supported by the Saudi government and how these services work. Older patients’ satisfaction and home health care are discussed, ageing population as well. Also, the theory of patient-centered care which is used in the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia is presented and reviewed in this thesis. To answer the research questions, hypothesis and meet the objectives, two main methods were used for this study, employing a cross-sectional survey and subsequent qualitative interviews. It included three major aspects regarding the pertaining topic of research, i.e. ageing, patients’ satisfaction and home health care. These three areas are explored in consideration with educational level, gender and marital status of the employed participants. The Home Care Patient Satisfaction Instrument - Revised (HCCSI-R) was used. For this questionnaire, a response rate of 87% participants (n=410) was achieved. The findings of the quantitative part of this study showed that there is high contentment amongst patients about the Home Health Care (HHC) services being provided in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. This is indicated in the findings, which reveal that 99.3% of respondents would recommend the service to other older people; while a mere 0.7% of people would not. The next part of this study has presented the in-depth qualitative interviews and analyzed the results using the content analysis which revealed several overarching themes related to providers’ perceptions of home health services. These topics reflect the common experiences of the group such as the Perceptions of HHC services as providing comprehensive medical care which serves to provide the effective care, reduce the burden on hospitals for the chronically ill, minimize the period of stay for patients, reduce rates of infection, improve psychological health of patients, and maintain patient dignity. In the end, keeping in view the variabilities of customs and religious conventions, recommendations are made to enhance the quality of services. Through the discussion with service providers and leaders in the Ministry of Health, it has been proposed pre-emptive action to improve the existing home health care services along with recommendations to further strengthen these services in the latter part of this study. With these findings, this study has recommended that Patients should be treated in compliance with their respective cultural arrangement to maintain their comfort level , also do further future research in this field to discuss any changes or developments or (opposite) in the services provided to patients, considering how much has been addressing the problems relating to the consent of the patients under the complicated environment such as Al Baha region with taking account that the culture is a central issues in this thesis and it could be an issue for similar researches globally. I believe that, this study is the newest and I am the first researcher on this topic until now in the Saudi context.

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Elyas, Nada Abdullah. "Care of elderly women in Saudi Arabia : a comparison of institutional and family settings." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13574.

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In recent decades, the structure of social and economic life in Saudi Arabia has undergone enormous change, and among those most affected are the elderly. While Islam enjoins respect for and care of the elderly, economic and social factors are changing the traditional system of family-based care. This thesis investigates care of elderly women in institutional and family settings in Medina. It examines the experience of old age and the discourse surrounding it, focusing on the factors influencing care arrangements, elderly women’s perceptions of their role in the family and society, the practical, economic, social and psychological implications of care for the elderly women and their relatives, the profile of carers, the dynamics of the care relationship, problems faced and support received. Data for 20 elderly women in a care home were collected through participant observation during a three-month placement, together with semi-structured interviews with 5 residents and 31 members of staff. Data for seven elderly women in family settings were collected through semi-structured interviews with the women, their main carer(s) and domestic staff. It was found that care decisions were influenced mainly by economic status and family structure. Women in family settings underwent a gradual transition, continuing to a great extent to enact former roles, while care home residents suffered an abrupt change and reconstruction of identity as “patients” and “victims”. While both groups had subsistence and medical needs met, social and psychological needs were poorly met in the care home. Findings for both groups shed light on the roles of female carers, including a heavy reliance on migrant employees, whose motivations, working conditions and relationships with employers are explored. Implications from the findings are drawn for both ageing and migration theory, and for the support needed by elderly women and their carers in both family and care home settings.

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Brand, Catharina Gertruida Maria. "Factors influencing change management in a selected hospital in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80141.

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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Saudi Arabia has experienced a number of changes due to revolutionary new findings and technologies, discoveries and new research in the health care arena, which has proven and contradicted a new approach to health care delivery. Demands by patients who have become more educated, the emergence of new or modern disease profiles which demand a new way of approach and a quickening in the pace of change, hurled unfamiliar and often demanding and challenging conditions at management One such change, as addressed in this study, is the change from a paper-based patient record system to a computer based patient information system to which all healthcare professionals in the multidisciplinary team had access to. However, not all change is welcomed, accepted or viewed as necessary by those who have to carry out or use new technologies. Change is harsh, and part of the problem is identifying factors that influence change initiatives. This study addresses the perceptions of nursing personnel of the process of change from a paper-based to a computer based (Quadramed) patient record system. The study design used a quantitative and descriptive approach in which a structured, self-designed questionnaire was used to obtain data from 117 professional nurses at a selected healthcare facility in the Eastern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The theoretical framework used for this study was the Model for Change Management as designed by the Prosci Institute for Research, also referred to as the ADKAR Model of Change Management (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement). The major findings of this study revealed that 97.44% of the respondents were non-Saudi individuals, and were mainly from the Philippines (69.24%), with (95.65% being female with an average age of 37-42 years. Most (47%) were in possession of specialty qualifications in medical, surgical nursing and experience between 8-10 years, of which 2-3 years had been in Saudi Arabia. In regard to 61.3% of the respondents it was found that they had no prior knowledge of computerised patient records. The nurse managers played a vital role in providing the most information and support to adjust to the system. With reference to the aspect of patient safety, positive feedback about the QCPR was provided by the majority of respondents. Most of the respondents experienced change positively, and 70% indicated that being involved played a major role in their positive attitude. Recommendations include that reasons for change should be more clearly communicated, suggestions for change should be valued more by managers and rumours and uncertainties about change should be addressed as and when appropriate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Saoedi-Arabië het 'n aantal veranderinge ondervind as gevolg van revolusionêre nuwe bevindings en tegnologie, ontdekkings en nuwe navorsing in die gesondheidsorg arena, wat 'n nuwe benadering tot die lewering van gesondheidsorg bewys en weerspreek. Eise deur pasiënte wat meer geletterd is, en nuwe en moderne siekte profiele eis 'n nuwe benadering tot verandering. Die versnelling in die tempo van verandering is dikwels onbekend, veeleisend en uitdagende vir die bestuur van gesondheidsinstellings. Een so 'n verandering, soos dit in hierdie studie aangespreek word, is die verandering van 'n papier-gebaseerde na 'n rekenaar-gebaseerde pasiënt inligting stelsel wat aan alle lede van die multidissiplinêre gesondheidsorg span toegang verleen. Nogtans word nie alle verandering verwelkom, aanvaar of as nodig beskou deur diegene wat die dienste uitvoer of die nuwe tegnologie moet gebruik nie. Verandering is gekompliseerde proses, en deel van die probleem is die identifisering van faktore wat 'n invloed op die veranderings inisiatiewe het. Hierdie studie fokus op die persepsies van die verpleegpersoneel tydens die proses van verandering van 'n papier-gebaseerde tot 'n rekenaar gebaseerde (Quadramed) pasiënt rekord stelsel. Die studie-ontwerp gebruik 'n kwantitatiewe, beskrywende benadering wat 'n gestruktureerde, self-ontwerpte vraelys gebruik om data te verkry van 117 professionele verpleegsters by 'n geselekteerde gesondheidsorg fasiliteit in die Oostelike Provinsie van die Koninkryk van Saoedi-Arabië. Die teoretiese raamwerk wat gebruik word vir hierdie studie was die model vir veranderingsbestuur soos ontwerp deur die Prosci Instituut vir Navorsing, waarna ook verwys word as die “ADKAR Model of Change Management” (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement). Die belangrikste bevindings van hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat 97,44% van die respondente was nie-Saoedi-individue nie, en was hoofsaaklik van die Filippyne (69,24%), met (95,65%) vroue met 'n gemiddelde ouderdom van 37-42 jaar. Die meeste (47%) was in besit van gespesialiseerde kwalifikasies in mediese, chirurgiese verpleeging. Die meeste van die respondente het tussen 8-10 jaar ervaring in verpleegkunde gehad, waarvan 2-3 jaar in Saoedi-Arabië was. Met betrekking tot 61,3% van die respondente dit is gevind dat hulle geen vorige kennis van die gerekenariseerde pasiënt rekords gehad het nie. Die saal bestuurder het 'n belangrike rol gespeel in die verskaffing van die meeste inligting en ondersteuning om aan te pas tot die nuwe stelsel. Met verwysing na die aspek van die veiligheid van pasiënte, is positiewe terugvoer oor die QCPR voorsien deur die meerderheid van die respondente. Die meeste van die respondente het ook die verandering positief ervaar, en 70% het aangedui dat hul betrokkenheid 'n belangrike rol gespeel het in hul positiewe gesindheid. Aanbevelings sluit in dat die redes vir verandering duidelik gekommunikeer behoort te word, voorstelle vir verandering moet erkenning kry deur bestuurders en gerugte en onsekerhede oor verandering moet aangespreek word soos en wanneer toepaslik.

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Al, Jahdal K. H. A. "Efficiency of emergency medical services response to road traffic accidents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635686.

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Road traffic accidents are a prolonged and on-going problem of modern times. The objective of this study is to characterise the distribution of road traffic accidents with Riyadh City and provide recommendations and suggestions to improve the existing emergency medical services system. A pilot study was undertaken using two forms designed for collection of the data; one was for the Red Crescent Society (RCS) and one was for the police. The above mentioned forms were applied for a period of two weeks, one week in the wet season and the second in the dry season, plus many meetings and interviews with people with relevant responsibilities in the health field. A comprehensive review was undertaken of both the RCS and Public Safety documents. The findings suggest the need to construct safety programmes to modify the behaviour of the individual at risk, the vehicle and the environment. In addition the study provides an evaluation of the present emergency medical services system and the means to improve it. Thus the findings should be of value in determining the need to improve the system and to make more efficient and better emergency medical services available.

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Al, Magrabi Katibah Saad Aldean. "Geographical aspects of health and use of primary health care services in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21426.

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This thesis examines the contribution that geographical analysis can make to the study of the variation in the patterns of human health and subsequently to the discussion on the type and level of use of the public health service in a rapidly developing country. The current study was conducted in Jeddah Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1994 and 2000. One of the main aims was to examine the pattern of health services provided in Saudi Arabia and this aim was achieved by investigating the provision and use of the Public Healthcare services. An attempt was made to clarify the complex web of relations that existed between, on the one hand, the different socioeconomic and geographic factors and on the other, the distribution of common ailments together with the level of utilization of health services. Shortcomings in the nature of the official health statistics regarding socioeconomic conditions of the patients were remedied through the use of a questionnaire. A tot al of 1000 patients from the eight PHCCs were surveyed for their use of the public health service. Data was collected from the same patients on their socio-economic, education and habitation details. This sample was used to supplement the data collected from the official government health statistics. These two data sets permitted an evaluation of the occurrence of different ailments and the variations in geographic distribution among the eight selected PHCCs. Difficulties persisted in the availability of official 1992 census data until publication of census data became available in 1999. In contrast to the problems of the census data, the availability of accurate and up-to-date patient records compiled by Ministry of Health staff was of considerable benefit to this research project. Use was made of Geographic Information Systems software for the analysis of data collected at the level of the PHCC. This allowed visual identification of the spatial variation in the use of the different health services and also allowed the identification of gaps in healthcare provision. The study showed that a density of habitation index used as a prime indicator of socio-economic status could be used as an indicator of the occurrence level for a number of common diseases. A pattern of disease was observed that suggested that the number of visits to PHCCs was substantially higher in low socio-economic districts compared to medium and higher socio-economic districts. It can be shown that the most common ailment was Upper Respiratory Tract Infections followed by Dental and Gingival diseases. Persons aged between 15 and 44 years made most visits to PHCCs although children under 15 years made proportionately greater use of PHCC facilities. No difference could be found between Saudi and Non Saudi as regards the occurrence of the most common ailments and diseases. The lack of difference was probably due to the close integration of the two population groups and the sharing of the same local environment. This similarity occurred despite considerable differences in income levels and socio-economic status. The level of utilisation of health centers in the selected districts showed differences, being higher in those districts categorized as low socio-economic in the south of Jeddah when compared to higher socio-economic districts in the north of the city. It was evident that the difference in socio-economic factors had an impact on the occurrence of some frequently occurring diseases e.g. URI, Dental, Ophthalmic, musculoskeletal and skin diseases. Although not primarily concerned with private health care facilities, for completeness sake some information was collected on the use of private health care in conjunction with public health care facilities. The author was surprised to discover that greatest use of private facilities occurred among women and children patients from Al Nuzla al Yamaneyyah and Al Thaalebah, districts that were characterised by low socio-economic conditions. The use of traditional folk healing was also briefly studied as this form of treatment remains important for some patients. Results showed that there was no difference between the educational standards of patients and their use of traditional folk healers. Again, children and women constituted the majority (86.6%) of users of traditonal healing with Saudi users (18.9%) higher than non Saudi (11.4%). There remains the supposition that alternative medicine may be of far greater importance than the sparse official data suggests. The unquantified illegal immigrant population may be totally reliant on unofficially operating alternative medicine centres. The thesis concludes by recommending a number of improvements to the existing public health care system. Some changes in the policy and practice of PHCC services will inevitably require more financial resources. These include an extension of the opening times of PHCCs and an increase in the number of specialist facilities such as dental surgeries. Other changes may not require more finances. These include a strengthening of communication and co-operation between PHCCs and hospitals to improve the referral of patients. Expansion of the existing computer network connecting PHCCs with hospitals should be given high priority.

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Al-Shahrani, Homoud. "The accessibility and utilization of primary health care services in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410310.

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Al, Qatari Ghazi M. "An evaluation study of the quality of primary health care in Qateef, Eastern Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338460.

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Al-Otaibi, Abdullah Saleh. "An assessment of the role of organisational culture in health care provision in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-assessment-of-the-role-of-organisational-culture-in-health-care-provision-in-saudi-arabia(3eae33be-53b4-47f3-8af8-e6535d7d7130).html.

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The health care system in Saudi Arabia has faced a variety of problems affecting its services, especially in the management area, for example in coordination, duplication of services, authority and leadership. These problems have resulted in patients having difficulty accessing services, in long waiting lists, in medical malpractice and in dissatisfaction among patients and employees. At fault appears to be the organisational culture in the Saudi public sector. To understand this culture and to be able to change it in a positive way, this study applies the Competing Values Framework (CVF) to health care providers in Saudi Arabia. Since this application goes beyond the original Western context of the CVF, it is important to analyse the national culture of Saudi Arabia. Using a critical application of Hofstede’s framework, it was characterised by high power distance, collectivism, femininity and risk aversion. The organisational culture of the health service and its hospitals reflects these societal characteristics. Application of the CVF revealed a balance between the four types of organisational culture in the Saudi health care provision, in both the current and preferred situations. The findings also revealed that a hierarchy culture had slight prevalence when compared to other types in the current situation, while clan culture was slightly more prevalent in the preferred situation. To improve Saudi health care provision, a balance and a uniform strengthening of the four types of cultures (clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchy) is required. The findings of the research will be of use across Arab countries in a variety of public service settings. In addition, this research makes a considerable addition to a rather sparse stock of empirical studies in the management of culture in the Arab Gulf states.

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Alfaqeeh, Ghadah Ahmad. "Access and utilisation of primary health care services in Riyadh Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/603523.

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces an increasing chronic disease burden. Despite the increase in numbers of primary health care centres (PHCCs) current evidence from the KSA, which is limited overall, suggests that access and utilisation of PHCCs, which are key to providing early intervention services, remain unequal with its rural populations having the poorest access and utilisation of PHCCs and health outcomes. There is a dearth (lack) of information from the KSA on the barriers and facilitators affecting access and utilisation of primary health care services (PHCS) and therefore this study aimed to examine the factors influencing the access and utilisation of primary health care centre (PHCC) in urban and rural areas of Riyadh province of the KSA. The behavioural model of health services use (Andersen’s model) provided the contextual and individual characteristics and predisposing, enabling and need factors which assist with an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to access and utilisation of PHCCs in Riyadh province. A mixed methods approach was used to answer the research questions and meet the objectives of the study. The converged qualitative and quantitative findings show that there are a number of predisposing (socio-demographic characteristics; language and communication and cultural competency) enabling barriers such as; distance from PHCCs to the rural residence, lack of services, new services, staff shortages, lack of training, PHC infrastructure, and poor equipment. Facilitators: service provider behaviour/communication, free PHCS, service provision and improvements, primary health care (PHC) infrastructure, manpower, opening hours, waiting time, and segregated spaces and need (increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, PHC developments in the KSA) factors influencing access and utilisation of PHCS. This study highlights important new knowledge on the barriers and facilitators to access and utilisation of PHCS in Riyadh province in the KSA. The findings have some important policy and planning implications for the MOH in the KSA. Specifically, the findings suggest: the need for clear documentation/guidance on minimum standards against which the PHCS can be measured; an audit of service availability at the PHCCs, regular patient satisfaction evaluations of PHCS, that the MOH take a parallel approach and continue to resource and improve buildings and equipment in existing PHCCs, the recruiting of more GPs, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists and physiotherapists to meet patient demand and more Saudi health care staff, more targeted health education and interventions for the prevention of chronic diseases in the KSA and the need for an appointment system for attending the PHCCs. There is a need for further research into the barriers and enablers to accessing and utilising health care in Riyadh and the KSA overall. This research would be made easier with a clearer definition of rural and urban in the KSA context which would allow a greater comparability between urban and rural PHCS for future research, audit and evaluation as well as comparison with PHCS in other parts of the world. The Andersen model provided a useful conceptual model to frame this research and provided a structure for contrasting and comparing the findings with other studies that have used the Andersen model to understand the barriers and enablers to accessing and utilising health care services.

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Albar, Ahmed. "A triangulated multi-sites case study of abandoned young people in residential care and care leavers in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559012.

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Algaman, Abrahim Hamad. "TQM implementation in a health care setting : a case study of a Saudi Arabia National Guard primary care setting." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311074.

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Al-Qurashi, Heba Abdulrahman. "Investigating the impact of aligning accreditation, performance and quality management on hospital improvement : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14730.

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With many global problems affecting the human population in recent years, which would include aging and increase in chronic diseases, hospitals are becoming overwhelmed by patients. To overcome this issue and ensure appropriate treatment is provided, many proposals and projects have been developed. Quality management is an aspect of care that is needed to minimize the time people stay at hospitals and improve the efficient delivery of healthcare services, while also, the presence of accreditation provides an international mean to assure proper quality of care and performance improvement is delivered. While performance improvement is mainstream in many fields, it is under developed yet highly pertinent to the healthcare sector in order to improve patient care and here is where the importance of this research is illuminated. The current research investigates the impact of accreditation on performance measurement in hospitals as an effective external assessment scheme. While also, investigating the effect of following international standards developed by accreditation organizations and maintaining high quality of care and performance improvement. Moreover, the current research was conducted at hospitals in different cities of Saudi Arabia, which could be generalised to the whole country and similar healthcare systems including: Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. Based on the pragmatism philosophy, this research is of an exploratory nature, which adapts a mixed method design to collect data from different hospitals in different cities. The main finding of the current research is the provision of a framework which demonstrates the alignment and its connection to the external and internal environment. Moreover, the data were collected through case studies and questionnaires which provided the validation of the current research framework, two new internal environment factors namely: involvement and standardisation and an outcome to the alignment namely improvement. Hence, this research argues that following national and international standards of care are enablers for hospitals to achieve performance improvement and high quality care. Furthermore, the findings of this research suggest that accreditation is directly linked to performance improvement and is essential for the quality of care in hospitals.

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Alsaleh, N. S. M. "Identifying health education competencies for primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia : a Delphi Consensus Study." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/39563/.

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Research Aim: The primary aim of this Saudi-based study is to identify health-education competencies (knowledge, skills & attitudes) for Primary Health Care (PHC) nurses. Although the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) has highlighted the importance of health education provided in PHC by nurses, there have been no studies into the required competencies in the Saudi context. Methods: The Delphi technique was employed with a sample of sixty PHC nurses who matched the study’s inclusion criteria and they took part in a three-round questionnaire. A consensus criterion of 60 per cent was adopted for the study. The first round asked participants’ opinions about what items should be included within health education competencies for PHC nurses by selecting (Yes, No, Uncertain). In the second round, participants were asked to rank the competencies on which there had been no initial consensus, using a five-point Likert scale. In the final round, participants selected agree or disagree for each of the remaining competencies. Following the Delphi technique an interactive workshop was undertaken with primary health care nurses and service users, to consider the next steps and practical piloting and testing of the competencies. Principal Findings: The expert Delphi panellists eventually reached consensus on 45 of the 48 competencies for PHC nurses to engage in health-education practice. These competencies were classified into three domains: knowledge (22), skills (10) and attitudes (13). Three competencies related to knowledge did not reach consensus in the three rounds. The main outcomes of the interactive workshop suggest that service users would welcome the introduction of technology within the delivery of health education, and the PHC nurses confirmed the need for more training courses in order to improve their practice of health education. Importance and Relevance: This is the first study to identify health-education competencies for PHC nurses in S.A. The results from this study represent a contribution to knowledge in a PHC setting and they can assist the MOH by being an initial step on the road to developing a national competency and curriculum framework for PHC nurses’ practice. Also, it is the first study to involve service users.

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Khan, Baraah A. "Providing mental health care to women in a Middle Eastern context : a qualitative study in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27318.

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In Middle Eastern countries the authority of male guardians means women often endure significant social and gender inequalities, which can contribute to mental health problems, and impact on the mental health care received. This exploratory, qualitative study investigated mental health care delivery to Middle Eastern women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Nurses (7), psychiatrists (3) and clinical psychologists (3) from a mental health hospital, student nurse interns (6) from a public women’s university and mental health care service users (5) and their family members (7) from a charitable organisation underwent semi-structured interviews. Their mental health beliefs, views and perceptions regarding the provision of mental health care to Middle Eastern women were explored. Transcripts were analysed using grounded theory, underpinned by the theory of intersectionality. Social identities of culture, religion and gender emerged as particularly important intersecting influences. Social class was less prominent. Gender inequalities and family control significantly impacted on women’s mental health and the care they received. Women violating cultural norms risked psychiatric labelling, and being interned, whilst those with genuine mental health problems were stigmatised and sometimes rejected by families. Most health care professionals voiced frustration over cultural norms, which compromised the care they provided. Nevertheless, they respected service users’ behaviours to earn trust and facilitate a therapeutic relationship. They appeared to be subconsciously tailoring the biomedical model of care to ensure appropriate and effective, culturally competent and culturally safe care. Gender inequalities, marital stress, polygamy, supernatural beliefs, folk/faith healing, lack of knowledge, compassion fatigue and custodial versus therapeutic care also emerged as important themes. These findings informed recommendations for best practice in the care of women with mental health problems in Saudi Arabia.

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Al-Asheikh, Abdullah Abdulmalik. "A study of productivity and quality improvements in Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367488.

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Al-Kuwaiti, Ahmed A. "Evaluating the impact of a problem-based learning curriculum on undergraduate medical students in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1913/.

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The main aim of this study was to examine in detail the benefits and problems of introducing a different method of teaching to medical education, namely the problem-based learning (pBL) method. This technique, in a number of pieces of research, has been shown to be more effective than lecture-based method in fostering better critical-thinking, problem solving, and the self-directed learning skills of students, and also to enhance the acquisition and retention of knowledge. But PBL has not been universally successful. Despite this it has being recommended by medical educators worldwide; yet it remains to be formally evaluated in Saudi Arqbia. To evaluate the impact of PBL to students in particular and to Saudi Arabia in general, a test JiUn of the method was carried out, in which four Saudi medical colleges were selected to participate. The total number of subjects was 484, comprising 232 pre-clinical students (pre-CS) and 252 clinical students (CS) ;from five courses (units/modules) in the medical curriculum. A human genetics module was used as a case subject for the test run, and both pre-clinical and clinical students were assigned randomly to either a PBL or a lecturebased curriculum (LBC) group. Data was collected using six instruments which assessed knowledge, attitude, learning styles and perceptions of students in order to test fourteen hypotheses regarding the benefits of PBL to Saudi undergraduate medical students compared to LBC. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect and analyze the data. Qualitative data included essay-type written response from students, which was analyzed using Nvivo. For the quantitative data analysis, several analytical procedures within SPSS were employed. These included descriptive and ChiSquared Statistics, Univariate analysis, One-Way and Two-Way ANOVAs and Effect Size calculations. From the randomized controlled trial undertaken on pre-clinical and clinical students, very large differences were found in the outcomes for the two groups. Within the pre-clinical students, those in the PBL group scored significantly lower than those in the LBC group on every indicator of perceived knowledge, learning or examination results. For the clinical students, those in the PBL group scored significantly higher than those in the LBC group; these positive effects of PBL did not include learning outcomes, however. Of the fourteen hypotheses stated, highlighting the benefits of the PBL approach to Saudi undergraduate medical students, none was supported with respect to pre-clinical students, while nine were supported with respect to clinical students. This brought out a large difference between Saudi Arabian pre-clinical and clinical students in response to the intervention of the PBL approach compared to the lecture-based teaching method. These quantitative findings were supported by the qualitative data. Some of the central tenets of PBL are that it enhances knowledge retention, self-directed learning skills and level of motivation. These central tenets were not supported among Pre-CS; however, they were supported by results from CS. The use of PBL was associated with a change in motivating factors from purely selfachievement to the success of the group and shared knowledge. The finding that PBL was significantly valued by CS but not by Pre-CS is discussed in relation to literature written about education and explained by drawing on the distinction between 'transitional semi-PBL' (as experienced by the Pre-CS) and 'rigorously problem-based learning' (as experienced by the CS). This discussion leads to the proposal of an experiential-based learning model (PEBL), which is described in terms of its rationale, its major features and a means for its introduction into the colleges of medicine in Saudi Arabia.

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Ghobain, Elham Abdullah. "A case study of ESP for medical workplaces in Saudi Arabia from a needs analysis perspective." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66885/.

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This case study has been built on a theoretical basis that recognises the current status of English as an international language, especially its influence on specific domains. The theories underpinning the study generally recognise that the presumed 'superiority' of native speakers can be depreciated, taking into account the huge numbers of non-native speakers worldwide. Specifically, the study has targeted the medical field in Saudi Arabia from a needs analysis perspective, as this domain represents a typical representative milieu where the adopted theories of the language universality and its role as lingua franca can be validated. Interviews and questionnaires were used in a mixed-method approach, to investigate needs, attitudes, and motivations of both medical students and practitioners in their current or prospective situations. Before conducting the research, it was assumed that the researched constructs in presumably two different sites, i.e. academic and professional, would engender different sets of data. Yet, the participants addressed viewpoints appeared to be mostly unanimous. The findings also showed that the increased influx of Saudis in the medical workplaces has minimised the role of English as a communicative means, and English was relegated to specific occupational purposes in such settings. This specific English refers mainly to medical terms, which are mostly code-mixed with Arabic. The study concluded that in this multilingual setting, Arabic has somehow restricted the 'nativisation' of English in the Saudi medical spheres. One of the initial motives of the research was to allow a space for non-native Englishes in the context of the study. However, the study found that the issue of certain variety, whether native or non-native, is at a secondary position to the participants, compared to other prioritised needs. Furthermore, the findings exhibited some issues related to learners’ motivation and language courses failure, which unfolded the expediency of a content-based approach, namely English as a medium of instruction (EMI). More clearly, the participants’ learning experiences revealed the usefulness of EMI in enhancing their proficiency levels, more than language courses can do.

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Al, Nahedh Nora N. A. "Infant mortality in Saudi Arabia : a study of factors related to primary health care in a rural setting." Thesis, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246099.

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Alsomali, Sabah Ismile M. "An investigation of self-care practice and social support of patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2019. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/49498/.

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Background: The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally, and the number of people with T2DM has increased particularly dramatically in Saudi Arabia in recent years. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has indicated that Saudi Arabia has a higher prevalence of diabetes than most other countries, with a prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes of 20.5% of the population in 2014. Adherence to self-care activities is the cornerstone of T2DM management, along with adopting a healthy lifestyle. This study thus aims to investigate the extent to which healthcare professionals and social support act as determinants of self-care among adults diagnosed with T2DM in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study uses a concurrent triangulation design that combines quantitative and qualitative methods in a convenience sample of adults (N=388) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were recruited from two separate hospitals. Each participant completed a set of questionnaires and a Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 10 male and 10 female participants (n=20) and 12 healthcare professionals. Results: Five themes emerged from the qualitative data analysis. The quantitative findings were then integrated to provide further explanations and context for these themes. The study indicated that poor adherence to diabetes self-care activities may lead to heightened incidence of uncontrolled T2DM among patients in Saudi Arabia. Culture and Religion, Gender, Stigma, Social Support, and Healthcare Environment all influenced adult diabetes adherence to self-care activities in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the successful management of T2DM is dependent on support from family, spouses, friends, and healthcare professionals. The findings of this study therefore have implications for the creation and implementation of healthcare policy and practice in Saudi Arabia. These findings contribute to expanding existing knowledge by enabling healthcare providers to tailor diabetes self-care management educational programmes to best fit the psycho-social and cultural needs of adults in Saudi Arabia. It is particularly necessary for healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia to recognise the roles played by gender, culture, religion and stigma, and to integrate these into any educational programmes.

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Yousuf, Shadia Abdullah Hassan. "The nature of nutritional advice given by diploma nurses in primary health care centres in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298379.

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The introduction of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Saudi Arabia has given nurses excellent opportunities and more responsibility to provide health education and advice in health promotion activities. Provision of appropriate and affordable dietary advice is an important role of the nurses in the Primary Health Care Centres (PHCC). Maternal nutrition is an essential element for the health status of the child, the family and the wider society. Many studies have suggested that there is a relationship between good nutritional intake during pregnancy and the successful outcome of the pregnancy. The present study was conducted to explore the knowledge and understanding of Saudi women and nurses in PHCC regarding nutritional intake during pregnancy. The study also looked at the effect of a short education programme on the nurses' nutritional knowledge and their subsequent practice. The aims of the study were to identify the understanding of Saudi women of pregnancy and nutritional intake during pregnancy, and to evaluate the effect of a short nutritional programme on diploma nurses. To achieve the aims, data collection was carried out in three phases. Phase one used semi-structured interview (tape recorded) on 10 pregnant women, selected randomly, to elicit the general understanding pregnant women had on pregnancy and pregnancy related areas. Phase two used a structured interview schedule on 100 pregnant women attending PHCC, selected systematically, to assess nutritional knowledge and their perception of nutritional advice given by the nurses in PHCC. Phase three was divided into two stages. The first stage used a self-administered questionnaire on 20 diploma nurses working in antenatal clinics in PHCC to assess their nutritional knowledge in relation to pregnancy. The questionnaire was used as both a pre-test and post-test instrument. Thereafter, based on the findings from phase one and two, a 20-hour continuing education (CE) programme was developed by the researcher on maternal nutrition for the diploma nurses. The second stage was to implement the programme to the nurses in five days. The effect of the programme was evaluated by an immediate post-test on nurses' knowledge and a follow-up post-test (after six months) to assess any lasting changes. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis for phase one. For the phase two and three, SPSS programme was used. Chi square was used to look for any association between knowledge scores and personal variables, paired Hest was used to assess the difference between pre-test and post-test. The results from the study showed that the majority of women attending the PHCC were illiterate or had little formal education, had a high pregnancy rate and had poor nutritional knowledge in relation to pregnancy. They preferred female health professional care and they preferred to have female doctors attending their antenatal care rather than the nurses. There was no significant difference between nurses' and women's nutritional knowledge. The results also showed a significant correlation between poor nutritional knowledge scores of the women and certain factors: the scores correlated positively with the level of education and negatively with the number of pregnancies. Regarding the programme, the results showed a significant increase in the nurses' nutritional knowledge scores from pre-test to post-test at p< 0.05, indicating that participants demonstrated increased nutritional knowledge as a result of participation in the programme. There was no significant difference between the initial post-test and the six-month follow-up. No significant relationships were identified between the nurses' scores and their age and years of experiences. The study also indicated that nurses in PHCC were not giving adequate nutritional advice to pregnant women in the views of these women and in my own observation. The findings suggest that frequent continuing education is essential for nurses in PHCC in Saudi Arabia to improve their skills and nutritional knowledge to be able to provide better care for women.

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48

Al-Ribdi, Mohamed Saleh. "The geography of health care in Saudi Arabia : provision and use of primary health facilities in Al-Qassim region." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280833.

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49

Haines, Fiona Imelda. "Error management in nursing amongst registered nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80226.

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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Healthcare organizations have implemented numerous safety initiatives to address errors due to the impact on the patient, families, healthcare provider and the organization as highlighted in the Institute of Medicine report. However, error identification, reporting and management remain a challenge. Nurses have been identified as the healthcare provider with the greatest potential for errors. Supportive work environments are needed to provide optimal care to the nurse who makes an error; which may be minor to severe repercussions. The patient is identified as the first victim and the nurse who makes the error as the second victim. How nurse errors are reported, managed and disclosed is dependent on the response of leaders and peers which may be in a shame and blame or just culture approach. The aim of the study was to assess error management in nursing amongst registered nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. The objectives were to identify the occurrence of nursing related errors, determine the current process of reporting nursing errors, describe the management of nursing errors and explore the factors impacting on the management of nursing errors. The research methodology for this study was a descriptive, quantitative approach which is applicable when exploring the unknown. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Board, University of Stellenbosch and the Institutional Review Board, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (General Organization) -Jeddah (KFSH&RC-J). The population was registered nurses working in KFSH&RC-J and assigned to the job descriptions of Staff Nurse 1&2, Clinical Nurse Coordinators and Assistant/Head nurses. Sample was selected using proportional allocation for nationality and simple random selection for nursing specialty; 215 RNs from these three groups. Data was collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher and analysis completed using SPSS and regression analysis to identify factors which influences the reporting and management of errors. Data was presented in the form of frequency tables and graphs using the EXCEL program to analyze the data. The main findings of the study; there was significant difference in nurse leaders and professional nurses ability to identify nursing errors; questioning of the practice of peers, views of a non-punitive environment and the ability to differentiate between error and negligence. The nurse executive was positively associated with the average positive responses received. RNs of Middle Eastern nationality and the Adult nursing division were found to be slightly more negative in their perceptions about error reporting and management than other respondents. Improvements are needed in the processes of error reporting and management which include education; leadership development, underreporting of errors, feedback and communication, nurse manager support and disclosure of errors. Recommendations are the implementation of the Just Culture principles within the organization and leadership development to address error reporting and management. The need to develop a national database for error reporting in Saudi Arabia is recommended. Nursing errors occurred in one tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia and an on-line system is available to report errors. However, nurses do not report errors as they fear being blamed and shamed. The process of error management within the organization has not been clearly defined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesondheidsorganisasies het talle veiligheids inisiatiewe geïmplementeer om foute aan te spreek weens die invloed wat dit het op die pasiënt, families, die gesondheidsverskaffer en die organisasie soos uitgelig in die Mediese Verslag van die Instituut. Nietemin, die identifisering van foute, verslaggewing en bestuur bly ’n uitdaging. Verpleegsters is geïdentifiseer as die gesondheidsverskaffers wat oor die grootste potensiaal beskik om foute te begaan. Ondersteunende werkomgewings word benodig om optimale sorg aan die verpleegster te verskaf wat ’n fout van ’n mindere aard tot die met ernstige gevolge begaan. Die pasiënt word geïdentifiseer as die eerste slagoffer en die verpleegster wat die fout begaan as die tweede slagoffer. Die manier hoedat verpleegfoute gerapporteer, bestuur en openbaar gemaak word, is afhanklik van die reaksies van leiers en portuurgroepe wat ’n skaamte- en blameerbenadering of “just culture”-benadering kan wees. Die doel van die studie was om die hantering van verpleegfoute tussen geregistreerde vepleegkundiges wat in n tersiêre hospital in Saudi werk te ondersoek. Die doelwitte is om die voorkoms van verpleegverwante foute te identifiseer, die huidige proses van verslaggewing van verpleegfoute te bepaal, die bestuur van verpleegfoute te beskryf en die faktore te ondersoek wat ’n impak het op die bestuur van verpleegfoute. Die navorsingsmetodologie vir hierdie studie is ’n beskrywende, kwantitatiewe benadering wat van toepassing is wanneer die onbekende ondersoek word. Etiese goedkeuring is verkry van die Etiese Raad aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch en die Institusionele Beoordelingsraad, King Faisal Specialist Hospitaal en Navorsingssentrum (Algemene Organisasie) – Jeddah (KFSH & RC-J). Die teikengroep is geregistreerde verpleegsters wat werk in KFSH & RC-J aan wie die posbeskrywing van stafverpleegster 1 & 2 toegeken is, Kliniese Verpleegkoördineerders en Assistent/Hoofverpleegsters. Die steekproef is geselekteer deur gebruik te maak van proporsionele toekenning vir nasionaliteit en ’n eenvoudige ewekansige steekproef vir verpleegspesialiteit; 215 geregistreerde verpleegsters van hierdie drie groepe. Data is gekollekteer deur gebruik te maak van ’n vraelys wat deur die navorser ontwikkel is en die analise is voltooi deur gebruik te maak van SPSS en regressie-analise om faktore te identifiseer wat verslaggewing en bestuur van foute beïnvloed. Data is aangebied in die vorm van frekwensie-tabelle en grafieke deur gebruik te maak van die EXCEL-program om die data te analiseer. Die vernaamste bevindinge van die studie is dat daar beduidende verskille tussen verpleegleiers en professionele verpleegsters se vermoë is om verpleegfoute te identifiseer; bevraagtekening van die praktyke van portuurgroepe; beskouinge van nie-strafgerigte omgewing en die vermoë om te onderskei tussen foute en nalatigheid. Die verpleegeksekuteur is positief geassosieer met die gemiddelde positiewe response wat ontvang is. Geregistreerde verpleegsters van Midde-Oostelike nasionaliteit en die Volwasse Verpleegafdeling is gevind om effens meer negatief te wees in hulle persepsies van fouteverslaggewing en bestuur, as ander respondente. Verbeterings is nodig in die prosesse van verslaggewing van foute en bestuur daarvan wat opvoeding daarvan insluit; leierskapontwikkeling, onderverslaggewing van foute, terugvoer en kommunikasie, ondersteuning van verpleegbestuur en bekendmaking van foute. Aanbevelings is die implementering van die “Just”-kultuur beginsels binne die organisasie en leierskap ontwikkeling om die verslag van foute en bestuur aan te spreek. Die behoefte om ’n nasionale databasis te ontwikkel vir die verslag van foute in Saoedi-Arabië word aanbeveel. Verpleegfoute het in een tersiêre hospitaal in Saoedi-Arabië plaasgevind en ’n aanlyn sisteem is beskikbaar gestel om foute te rapporteer. Nietemin, verpleegsters rapporteer nie foute nie, want hulle vrees om geblameer te word en beskaamd te staan. Hierdie proses van foutebestuur binne die organisasie is nog nie duidelik gedefinieer nie.

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Alkhudairy, Saleh I. "International labour migration to Saudi Arabia : a case study of the experiences of Indian medical doctors in Riyadh." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436541.

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