Journal articles: 'Medical care – Saudi Arabia'

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Nixon, Alan. "Palliative Care in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 17, no. 3-4 (January 2004): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j354v17n03_05.

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Nixon, Alan. "Palliative Care in Saudi Arabia." Journal Of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 17, no. 3 (January 28, 2004): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j354v17n03_05.

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Ibrahim, Mohammad A., and Mohammad NS Kordy. "End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Saudi Arabia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 6, no. 3 (July 1992): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959200600304.

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Information was collected on patients with End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance dialysis in all of the dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. Similar information was also collected from the Saudi Arabian government-sponsored patients with ESRD in the United States between December 1985 to March 1986. As of March 31, 1986, 806 Saudi patients were on maintenance hemodialysis and 16 on peritoneal dialysis in hospital-based dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rate of ESRD was 139/million at the completion of the study. The rates increased with age and were similar when compared on a regional basis, but were higher in the rural areas for both sexes in all regions except the Southern Region. Here, the prevalence rates for the female urban residents were higher than for female rural residents. Although primary health care services are available in rural areas, a delay was noted in seeking medical care. This was attributed to the possible lack of health education, knowledge of the disease and information on the availability of the health services. Upon completion of this study, it was concluded that a need exists for further research in all aspects to delineate the role of the various factors that affect ESRD in Saudi Arabia, with the universal goal of preventing development of the disease in the population.

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Alawad, Mohammad O., Nasser Alenezi, Bander S. Alrashedan, Mohammed Alsabieh, Abdulrahman Alnasser, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, and Saad Surur. "Traumatic spinal injuries in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective single-centre medical record review." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e039768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039768.

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ObjectivesTo describe the patterns and outcomes of traumatic spinal injuries (TSIs) in a tertiary care trauma centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingLevel 1 trauma centre for all patients presented from 1 February 2016 to 31 December 2018.Participants and dataRecords of patients presenting with any spinal trauma were reviewed, and the data obtained included age, gender, nationality (as Saudi and non-Saudi), date of presentation, site of fracture/injury, associated injuries, mechanism of injury, presence of neurological involvement and hospital mortality.Main outcomesFrequencies of different types of TSI across various subgroups.ResultsWe identified 692 patients who presented with TSI throughout the study period. The mean age was 36.9 years. Males represented 83.2% (n=576) of the sample size, and the most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision (MVC), accounting for 66.8% of cases (n=462), while fall-related injuries were seen in 31.6% of cases (n=219). A total of 454 (65.6%) of all patients were Saudi, and 332 (73.1%) of the TSIs in Saudis were due to MVC. Non-Saudi cases accounted for 238 (34.4%) of all patients, and 89 (37.4%) of the non-Saudi injuries were due to falls from height, and this association was statistically significant (p<0.001).ConclusionTSI was not thoroughly examined in Saudi Arabia; therefore, this study is considered the first to be done in the Kingdom using a representative sample. The fact that non-Saudi patients had a higher proportion of falls as a mechanism of injury should be taken into consideration in terms of raising awareness and taking more safety precautions, as most construction workers tend to be expatriates.

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Alshahrani, Saeed, Ahmad Alswaidan, Ala Alkharaan, Abdulrahman Alfawzan, Aysha Alshahrani, Emad Masuadi, and Awad Alshahrani. "Medical Students’ Insights Towards Patient Safety." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 21, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): e253-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2021.21.02.014.

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Objectives: This study aimed to explore Saudi Arabian medical students’ perceptions of patient safety. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in September 2019. The Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ III) was used to explore undergraduate medical students’ attitudes towards and knowledge of PS. The main outcomes measured were the APSQ III’s nine domains. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and students’ attitudes were communicated as mean scores ± standard deviations. Results: A total of 301 participants were included in this study (response rate: 85.75%). Six domains reflected a positive attitude while three domains showed a neutral attitude. The domain of ‘team functioning’ had the highest mean score (5.8) followed by ‘working hours as a cause of error’ (5.6) and ‘error inevitability’ (5.4). There was a significant difference between gender in the domain ‘patient involvement in reducing error’ (P = 0.012) and ‘importance of patient safety (PS) in the curriculum’ (P = 0.001). In addition, the ‘importance of PS in the curriculum’ domain was significantly different across different age groups (P = 0.039). Conclusion: Medical students were highly interested in PS and recommended implementing a comprehensive undergraduate PS programme to fulfil their educational needs. Keywords: Undergraduate Medical Education; Patient Safety; Medical Errors; Attitude; Medical Students; Medical Ethics; Patient Care; Saudi Arabia.

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Albagawi, Bander S., and Linda K. Jones. "Quantitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators to nurse-patient communication in Saudia Arabia." Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 1 (December 7, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n1p16.

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Nurses with effective communication skills play a critical role in minimising the stress associated with hospitalisation for both patients and their families. Effective communication has become increasingly reported as a key component in effective health care outcomes, which is even more crucial in countries such as Saudi Arabia with a large foreign healthcare workforce. The presence of a large expatriate workforce with a different language from the host society and the ensuing complexity of sociocultural linguistic and heath beliefs systems has been poorly researched. This study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators of nurse-patient communication in Saudi Arabia using the Nurses’ Self-Administered Communication Survey. The survey was distributed to a random sample of 291 nurses working in medical and surgical departments at five hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The results indicate that the Philippine and Saudi Arabian nurses perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to personal/social characteristics, job specifications and environmental factors then nurses of other nationalities. In addition, nurses with shorter experience in Saudi Arabia perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to the clinical situation of patient and environmental factors than the nurses with longer experience. Lastly, nurses who had not attended specialist courses on communication skills acquisition perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to personal characteristics and job specifications than nurses who had attended such courses. This study highlights the need to better prepare expatriate nurses before they enter the workforce in Saudi Arabia on cultural competence and language skills.

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Nassar, Afnan A., and Abrar K. Demyati. "Informed Consent in the Health Care System: An Overview from a Dental Perspective in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Health Systems Research 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514405.

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Background: Patient autonomy in the health care system is achieved by the vital principle of providing informed consent. Throughout history, informed consent gained recognition and improved to include more aids and steps to formalize and standardize the process of obtaining proper consent in medical and dental practice. Regardless of the type of informed consent obtained before the treatment, it should include an adequate understandable description of nature and diagnosis of the disease, treatment plan, proper alternatives, risks, and limitations. Summary: There is limited information in the ethics literature covering critical concepts related to different dental procedures in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, informed consent in dentistry is not well-documented. As everything is evolving and changing in Saudi society, litigation has progressed and impacted dentistry. This overview will help in addressing aspects related to informed consent and closing the gaps in the dental health care system in Saudi Arabia, managing complex ethical issues associated with dental patients. In addition, providing recommendations and shedding some light on the importance of informed consent will improve the situation of the informed consent process in Saudi Arabia. Key Messages: Informed consent allows patients to be part of the decision-making process, and it provides legal protection for the practitioners from practice lawsuit cases. Dentists should take extra care in documenting the consent process and patient’s choice regarding their treatment to avoid unfavorable consequences. In Saudi Arabia, attention should be drawn toward the crucial role of informed consent, and more studies should be published in order to enrich the knowledge and to improve the health care system.

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Omer, Eltigani, and Ali Alsubaie. "Medical Waste Management Survey in Primary Health Care Centers, Saudi Arabia." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/mjhs.2017.01.003.

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Alsufyani, Abdulaziz M., Abdulaziz A. Aldawsari, Sayer M. Aljuaid, Khalid E. Almalki, and Yasir M. Alsufyani. "Quality of Nursing Care in Saudi Arabia: Are Empathy, Advocacy, and Caring Important Attributes for Nurses?" Nurse Media Journal of Nursing 10, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.32210.

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Background: The examination of the literature indicates that practicing nurses are barely engaged in developing enhancement programs for quality nursing care. There are numerous studies on the value of nursing care, but none offers ways of assessing the value of care provided by nurses. Identifying the essence of quality nursing care can facilitate effective enhancement approaches. It was prudent to explore the relationship between advocacy, caring, and empathy in delivering quality nursing care.Purpose: This study aimed to comprehend the views of Saudi Arabian nurses on how empathy, advocacy, and caring act as measurements of quality of nursing care.Methods: A qualitative investigative, descriptive design was used to explore the advocacy, empathy, and caring from the viewpoints of practicing nurses. Twenty-one general and specialized medical care nurses from King Saud Medical City in Saudi Arabia were recruited through purposive sampling. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews that were recorded, written out, and subjected to thematic analysis.Results: The findings have led to the establishment of quality Saudi nursing care with the identification of core themes: empathy, advocacy, and caring. The findings of this study elevate the understanding of the quality of nursing care in the Saudi context.Conclusion: The participants aver that patient advocacy, empathy, and care are parts of the characteristics of nursing profession. These characteristics aid in listening and comprehending patients’ perspectives. Following the findings, it is suggested to provide training to the nurses to overcome the challenges faced by nurses in reflecting empathy.

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Alsugair, Abdullah M. "Effect of the Medical Insurance Decree on Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3861.

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Construction contractors in Saudi Arabia were exposed to additional expenses due to implementing a new government decree related to medical insurance for foreign employees. The number of foreign employees reached to eight million people out of 27 million people the total population of Saudi Arabia. This huge number of foreign people exerted pressure on the public free medical facilities that forced the government to issue a decree that instructs private sector to use private medical facilities for their foreign employees. This paper presents results of a study to identify the effect of the medical insurance decree on construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The methodology used was to prepare a questionnaire that investigates the objectives of this study and distributes it to the contractors. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 construction contractors and 90 questionnaires were collected. Results of the study reveal the effect of the compulsory medical insurance on the construction contractors in general and according to their classifications. In addition, the study presents the current practice implemented by contractors to provide medical care for their foreign employees.

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Alshammary, Sami Ayed, Savithiri Ratnapalan, and Zekeriya Akturk. "Continuing medical education as a national strategy to improve access to primary care in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 10 (August 31, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2013.10.7.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an educational program in family medicine for general practitioners in Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2011. A continuing medical education program called Family Medicine Education (FAME) was developed with 7 modules each consisting of 12-14 hours of teaching to be delivered in 3 day blocks, over 45 days. Twenty percent (2,761) of all general practitioners participated in the FAME program. Initial assessment of the program showed significant improvement of knowledge from scores of 49% on a pre-test to 89% on post-tests. FAME program in Saudi Arabia facilitated primary care physicians’ knowledge.

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Alzahrani, Ali Mohammed A., Holly C. Felix, M. Kate Stewart, James P. Selig, Taren Swindle, and Mohamed Abdeldayem. "Utilization of Routine Medical Checkup and Factors Influencing Use of Routine Medical Checkup among Saudi Students Studying in the USA in 2019." Saudi Journal of Health Systems Research 1, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514178.

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Introduction: The few studies that have investigated patterns of routine checkup (hereafter routine checkups) among Saudis have found overall low rates of use. Those studies focused mainly on understanding the influence of individual characteristics on use of routine checkup. Aims: The main purpose of this study was to consider a wider array of factors beyond individual characteristics, including system-based factors, beliefs, attitudes, and satisfaction, and to examine their influence on use of routine checkup among Saudi students studying in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeting Saudi students studying in the United States aged 19 years or older was conducted to gather information about their sociodemographic characteristics, needs for healthcare, use of routine checkup and satisfaction with access to primary care services. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine factors influencing use of routine checkup among Saudis. Results: 381 surveys were eligible to be included in the analyses. Among the included participants, only 25.5% had a routine checkup after the age of 18 years. The likelihood of having routine checkup after the age of 18 was significantly higher among those who trusted provided primary care, believed in the importance of routine checkup, had health insurance, had chronic conditions and were physically active, and was significantly lower among married individuals. Conclusions: The use of routine checkup is low among Saudis and this study has laid the foundation for future research that can inform policy and decision-making related to improving use of routine care in Saudi Arabia.

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Barradah, Rasheed Khalid. "Atopic Dermatitis - Knowledge and Attitude of Primary Health Care Providers, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 33 (August 16, 2021): 2773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/566.

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BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is common in Saudi Arabia. Level of primary health care providers’ (PHCPs) knowledge about the disease is inadequate. We wanted to determine the knowledge and attitude of primary health care providers (PHCPs) in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, toward atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, from August to October 2020. The data was collected from eight primary healthcare centres in the city by a pre-tested questionnaire. The data was analysed using SPSS 26.0. Pearsonchi-square / Fisher Exact test were applied to observe associations between qualitative variables. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The data was collected from 23 PHCPs. The qualification obtained by most of the PHCPs (78.3 %) was Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), 17.4 % were diploma holders and only one had master’s degree. The average AD score out of 8 items was 5.95 + 1.18. The minimum and maximum scores were 3 and 8. Converting the scores to percentages, the participants who had good knowledge about AD were 17 (73.91 %). Five (21.74 %) had average knowledge and only one (4.35 %) had poor knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The level of atopic dermatitis knowledge of PHCPs in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, was found to be adequate, whereas the attitude was observed to be negative. Focus-group discussions, tailored sessions, or continuous medical education programs can be conducted to discuss the management guidelines on this condition with the PHCPs. KEY WORDS Atopic Dermatitis, Primary Healthcare Centres, Knowledge, Attitude, Saudi Arabia

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Mahfouz, Ahmed A., Abdullah S. Shatoor, Badr R. Al-Ghamdi, Mervat A. Hassanein, Shamsun Nahar, Aesha Farheen, Inasse I. Gaballah, Amani Mohamed, and Faten M. Rabie. "Tobacco Use among Health Care Workers in Southwestern Saudi Arabia." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/960292.

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The present study targeted health care workers (HCWs) in Governmental Hospitals and Primary Health Care Centers in Abha City, southwestern Saudi Arabia. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was used to assess tobacco use and the reasons for smoking. The present study included 736 HCWs. The overall prevalence of tobacco use amounted to 26.3% (14.8% current and 11.5% former users). In a binary logistic regression analysis, males were found significantly more prone to smoke compared to females (aOR = 3.081, 95% CI: 2.004–4.739). Similarly, parental history of tobacco use was found to be a significant risk factor (aOR = 1.540, 95% CI: 1.040–2.278). Among current users, 89.9% were interested in quitting and 66.1% tried before to quit. The prevalence of smoking among HCWs in the present study, besides being a public health problem, represents a potential barrier in involving this group as a first line for tobacco control. There is a need for a national intervention programme in the country in a tailored manner for HCWs to control tobacco use parallel to the running national program for public. These interventions should begin early in basic medical education and to be applied continually during one’s medical career.

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Bajow, Nidaa A., Wajdan I. AlAssaf, and Ameera A. Cluntun. "Course in Prehospital Major Incidents Management for Health Care Providers in Saudi Arabia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 6 (September 28, 2018): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000791.

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AbstractIntroductionUnacceptable practices of health care providers during disasters have been observed because they work outside the scope of their daily practices and have inadequate training. A greater need for the involvement of health professionals in disaster management has been noted in Saudi Arabia. This study evaluates the efficacy of a training course in prehospital major incident management for health care providers in Saudi Arabia.MethodsAn interactive course for general principles in prehospital major incident management was developed with domains and core competencies. The course was designed according to the local context and was based on international standards. It was piloted over four days at the Officers Club of the Ministry of Interior (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and was sponsored by Mohammed Bin Naif Medical Center, King Fahd Security College in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The participants (n=29) were from different disciplines from main government health facilities in Riyadh. They completed a pre-test and a post-test.ResultsThe overall score was 55.1% on the pre-test and 68.4% on the post-test (Wilcoxon test for paired samples, P <.05). Three out of the four domains had significant difference between pre- and post-test results, as well as the overall total knowledge.Conclusion:Conducting inter-disciplinary and competency-based disaster medicine courses for health care providers can augment appropriate disaster preparedness for major incidents in Saudi Arabia.BajowNA,AlAssafWI,CluntunAA.Course in prehospital major incidents management for health care providers in Saudi Arabia.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(6):587–595.

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AlSadrah, Sana. "Electronic medical records and health care promotion in Saudi Arabia. An overview." Saudi Medical Journal 41, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.6.25115.

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Alanazy, Ahmed, John Fraser, and Stuart Wark. "Provision of Emergency Medical Services in Rural and Urban Saudi Arabia: An overview of personnel experiences." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, no. 2 (June 27, 2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i2.559.

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Objective: Pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital component of health management, however there are disparities in the provision of EMS between rural and urban locations. While rural people experience lower levels of pre-hospital care, there has been little examination of the reasons underpinning these differences through discussion with the providers of EMS, and particularly in countries other than the USA, UK and Australia. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the lived experience of EMS personnel in Saudi Arabia regarding the key issues they face in their work practice. Design: This research focussed on frontline workers and middle-level station managers within the Saudi Arabian EMS system and adopted a hermeneutic phenomenology design to better understand the factors contributing to observed disparities between rural and urban areas in Riyadh region in Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured interview approach was used to collect data reflecting realistic experiences of EMS personnel in both urban and rural locations. Results: 20 interviews (10 each with rural and urban personnel) were done. Data analyses identified three primary thematic categories impacting EMS delivery: EMS Personnel Factors; Patient Factors; and, Organisational Factors. Underpinning each category were sub-themes, including Working Conditions, Stress, Education and training, and Resources, amongst others. Conclusions: The quality and efficiency of EMS services, in both rural and urban areas, was affected by a number of over-arching organizational factors. Implementing major policy shifts, such as recruitment of female EMS professionals, will be critical in addressing these challenges, but is acknowledged that this will take time. Quicker changes, such as improving the advanced training options for rural EMS staff, may help to remediate some of the issues. Public awareness campaigns may also be effective in addressing the identified misconceptions about the role of EMS in Saudi Arabia.

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Albassam, Ahmed A., Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Mohammad Ruhal Ain, Anwar Alotaibi, Abdullah Althemery, and Abdullah Alfaifi. "A cross-sectional assessment of health-related quality of life among healthcare providers in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 10 (November 26, 2020): 2171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i10.22.

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Purpose: To determine the current level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and evaluate factors influencing it among health-care providers (HCPs) in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, using the standardized research tool, BREF-WHOQOL. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed in hospitals, in the medical colleges of Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, andcommunity pharmacies in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive, comparative, and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS.Results: A total of 289 HCPs agreed to participate in the study, 52 % of whom were female. Most participants were married (69 %), and most had fewer than 10 years of experience (58 %). Statistically significant differences in marital status, education level, income, and year of practice were found that correlated with HCPs’ HRQoL (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, respondents reported an above-average score for all survey items.Conclusion: The results indicate that HCPs see their general quality of life as good - a particularly important consideration in view of the demanding nature of their job. This study will help the concerned authorities to exactly know the current level of HRQoL among HCPs in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, as well as help in designing better healthcare policies in Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Healthcare providers (HCP), Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), Healthcare policies, Occupational stress

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AlNemer, Hashem Abdullah. "The Availability and Efficiency of Health Insurance to Expatriates: Empirical Findings from Saudi Arabia." International Business Research 11, no. 3 (February 2, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n3p58.

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Health Insurance represents the largest sectors among all types of insurance in Saudi Arabia with a Gross Written Premiums of 51% of the whole insurance market in Saudi Arabia. The high growth of health insurance sector in Saudi Arabia was driven by the obligation mandated by the Ministry of Health "MOH" and Council of Cooperative Health Insurance "CCHI" for expatriates and their families living in Saudi Arabia to have their health insurance, affected mid of 2014. However, the regulations didn’t specify the types and quality of health insurance used. The regulations also didn’t take into consideration the salaries of the expatriates which might affect their financial positions in case of policy cancelation. No studies have been conducted on the Saudi Arabian health insurance market to explore the efficiency and quality of expatriates’ health insurance policy. This paper attempts to fill the gap. The main aim of this study was to explore the availability and efficiency of health care system to expatriates. The quality of health insurance policy relies on the selections made by the employers. The research used qualitative methodology for collection of primary data. A total of 324 responds were received and considered usable for the research. The results were astonishing that most of the participants have their own health insurance policy, however not all service are available to them. Most of the participants clarified that their health insurance policy, did not cover of most of the risk they encountered, it did not cover the medical treatment expenses, as well as the surgery and operation expenses. Such results will put financial burden on expatriates in case their health insurance claims been canceled.

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Alghamdi, Ahmed, Eman Algarni, Bander Balkhi, Abdulaziz Altowaijri, and Abdulaziz Alhossan. "Healthcare Expenditures Associated with Heart Failure in Saudi Arabia: A Cost of Illness Study." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080988.

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Heart failure (HF) is considered to be a global health problem that generates a significant economic burden. Despite the growing prevalence in Saudi Arabia, the economic burden of HF is not well studied. The aim of this study was to estimate the health care expenditures associated with HF in Saudi Arabia from a social perspective. We conducted a multicenter cost of illness (COI) study in two large governmental centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using 369 HF patients. A COI model was developed in order to estimate the direct medical costs associated with HF. The indirect costs of HF were estimated based on a human capital approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed. The direct medical cost per HF patient was $9563. Hospitalization costs were the major driver in total spending, followed by medication and diagnostics costs. The cost significantly increased in line with the disease progression, ranging from $3671 in class I to $16,447 in class IV. The indirect costs per working HF patient were $4628 due to absenteeism, and $6388 due to presenteeism. The economic burden of HF is significantly high in Saudi Arabia. Decision makers need to focus on allocating resources towards strategies that prevent frequent hospitalizations and improve HF management and patient outcomes in order to lower the growing economic burden.

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El-Gilany, Abdel Hady, Adel El-Wehady, and Aly El-Hawary. "Maternal employment and maternity care in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia." European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 13, no. 3 (January 2008): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13625180802185080.

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Basfr, Wafa, Ahlam Hamdan, and Samia Al-Habib. "Workplace Violence Against Nurses in Psychiatric Hospital Settings: Perspectives from Saudi Arabia." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 19, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.01.005.

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Objectives: Workplace violence (WPV) has become a world-wide concern. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of WPV among nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at three psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia between March and May 2017. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire which was used to measure the prevalence and explore the associated factors of WPV. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed. Results: A total of 310 nurses (response rate: 62%) were included in this study. The prevalence of WPV against nurses was 90.3%, of which 57.7% had been exposed to both physical and verbal abuse. More nurses were exposed to WPV during the morning shift than the evening shift (58.4% versus 42.3%). Violent behaviour was exhibited mostly by the patients themselves (81.3%). Over half of the nurses (57.4%) required medical intervention in such cases. The majority of nurses felt either stressed (64.2%) or anxious (53.5%) and 34.2% felt depressed after the incident. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that time of violence, source of violence, patient dissatisfaction with medical care and lack of organisational support for nurses were significantly associated with the occurrence of WPV in psychiatric units. Conclusion: WPV has reached an alarming rate among nurses in psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to invest in the prevention of WPV by constant training of workers and a mutual policy with the police and the civic prosecutor in Saudi Arabia on how to respond to violent psychiatric patients. Keywords: Workplace Violence; Psychiatry; Nurse; Mental Health; Saudi Arabia.

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Alshahrani, Sultan M., Khaled M. Alakhali, and Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi. "Medication errors in a health care facility in southern Saudi Arabia." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i5.29.

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Purpose: To identify medication errors at Aseer Central Hospital (ACH, Abha) in the southern province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by reviewing adult patients’ records (> 15 years old) at ACH’s inpatient and outpatients settings over an 8-week period in October and November 2015. Results: We identified 113 medication errors, including 112 prescribing errors and 1 dispensing error. Most medication errors (91.2 %) in this study were for inpatient prescriptions. The most common prescribing error was medication duplication (31.2 %) followed by missing patient identifying information (25 %). Conclusion: Medication errors, mainly in inpatient prescriptions, have been fully identified at ACH. Educational interventions such as workshops could help minimize and prevent medication errors.

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Senitan, Mohammed, and James Gillespie. "Health-Care Reform in Saudi Arabia: Patient Experience at Primary Health-Care Centers." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519872420.

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The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between patients’ demographics, the quality of physician–patient communication, care coordination, and the overall satisfaction rating in primary health-care centers (PHCs). A cross-sectional study was conducted using a patient experience tool. A convenience sample of 157 patients visiting PHCs were retrieved from 10 out of the 13 Saudi regions. A total of 81% of the overall ratings could be attributed to the predictors included in the model. The highest predictor of the overall rating in this model was physicians answering of patient questions, followed by time spent with the physician, type of PHC, and the abilities of the physician to listen carefully, explain things clearly, and show respect. The weakest predictors were follow-up by the health-care provider and physician’s knowledge of the patient’s medical history. Our findings suggest that to improve the overall patient experience and the quality of care at PHCs requires extra attention to physician–patient communication. To improve quality, safety, and efficiency, the Ministry of Health should ensure interpretation service for patients at PHCs either public or private. The Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions should enhance the physician–patient communication as part of their standards for accrediting PHCs.

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Al-Gaai, E. A., and M. M. Hammami. "Medical chaperoning at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: survey of physicians." Journal of Medical Ethics 35, no. 12 (November 30, 2009): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2009.030163.

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Alsafadi, Danyah, Aly Ezzat, Fatima Altamimi, Marwan ElBagoury, Mohammed Olfat, Mohammed Saleh, Sherif Roushdy, and Yahia Aktham. "Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Disease Prevalence Among Patients With Idiopathic Short Stature in Saudi Arabia: Protocol for a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): e28619. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28619.

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Background Since the underlying cause of idiopathic short stature can indeed be undiagnosed mucopolysaccharidosis type I, it is critical to identify patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I among screened patients with idiopathic short stature. Objective The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I disease in a high-risk group (ie, patients with idiopathic short stature). Methods We plan to perform a multicenter, cross-sectional screening study to primarily assess the prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I disease in patients with idiopathic short stature. All eligible patients will be tested after obtaining written informed consent from their parents and guardians. Eligible patients will be recruited over 18 months from specialty care centers for pediatrics and genetics. Results This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Fahd Medical City and funded by Sanofi Genzyme Saudi Arabia. We expect to collect data from ≥800 patients, as determined by our sample size calculation. Conclusions Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula; it has a population of more than 28 million people. To date, there are no reliable data regarding the incidence and prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type I in Saudi Arabia; therefore, future multicenter studies will be needed. Further, the prevalence of an attenuated form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I is largely underestimated in Saudi Arabia due to the absence of an effective newborn screening program. Therefore, the implementation of a nationwide newborn screening program is essential for the accurate estimation of the burden of mucopolysaccharidosis and the early diagnosis of patients. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/28619

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Alharthy, Nesrin, Mohammed Al Mutairi, Abdullah Alsahli, Ahmed Alshehri, Abdullah Almatrafi, Ahmed Mahah, Abdulrahan Khalid Alswailem, Winnie Phiulip, and Shoeb Qureshi. "Workplace violence among emergency medical services workers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 3 (April 11, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n3p26.

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Background: Globally, workplace violence toward health care providers is an area of concern. The impact of workplace violence on health care providers is significant.Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of workplace violence (physical and verbal) among emergency medical services (EMS) workers in Riyadh.Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design that employed a self-administered confidential questionnaire, which was distributed to all emergency medical personnel. A well-structured and validated questionnaire on workplace violence was adopted from the World Health Organization for use in the study.Results: A total of 370 EMS workers responded to the questionnaire. Workplace violence was experienced by 65% of the respondents. Verbal abuse (61%) was the most common type of violence reported. The majority of the attackers were patients’ relatives (80%) followed by patients themselves (51%). Respondents younger than 30 reported a higher percentage of violent acts than did older respondents (p = .001, Odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = (1.6, 3.9)). Similarly, those who had fewer years of work experience (≤ 10 years) reported a significantly higher percentage of violent incidents than those who had 10 or more years of experience (p = .001, OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.1, 5.6). Only 10% of the victims reported the incident to a higher authority. Common reasons for not reporting the violent acts included feeling that it was useless (56%) and that it was not important (52%).Discussion: The study demonstrates prevalent workplace violence among EMS workers, predominantly in the form of verbal abuse. The rate of workplace violence among EMS personnel is comparable with international figures. Less than half of EMS personnel exhibit knowledge regarding the process of violence reporting. However, workers tend not to report the incidents because they often believe that reporting is useless and/or not important.Recommendation: With a high reported rate of workplace violence among EMS personnel, we recommend national preventive measures and encouragement to professionals to report violent events. We also recommend awareness programs for the identified vulnerable group.

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Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K., Omar Alsharqi, and Kirit Vaidya. "Willingness to pay for improved public health care services in Saudi Arabia: a contingent valuation study among heads of Saudi households." Health Economics, Policy and Law 15, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133118000191.

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AbstractThe bulk of health care service provision in Saudi Arabia is undertaken by the public health care sector through the Ministry of Health, which is funded annually by the total government budget, which, in turn, is derived primarily from oil revenue. Public health care services in Saudi Arabia are characterised by an overload, overuse, and shortage of medical personnel, which can result in dissatisfaction with the quality of the current public health care services. This study uses a contingent valuation method to investigate the willingness of Saudi people to pay for improvements to the quality of public health care services. This study also determines the association between the willingness to pay for quality improvements and respondents’ demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 1187 heads of household in Jeddah Province over a five-month period. Multi-stage sampling was employed to recruit participants. Partial Tobit regression and corresponding marginal effects analyses were used to analyse the data. These empirical analyses show that the majority of the sample was willing to pay for quality improvements in the public health care services. The results of this study might be of use to policymakers to help with both priority setting and fund allocation.

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Khoja, Manal Abdullah. "Registered nurses’ knowledge and care practices regarding patients with dysphagia in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 31, no. 8 (October 8, 2018): 896–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-06-2017-0106.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the knowledge and practices of nursing staff caring for patients with dysphagia to determine any needs for further education programmes. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaire with close-ended questions was completed by nurses at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia to measure the depth of their dysphagia knowledge. Findings From 316 potential participants, a sample of 174 nurses completed the questionnaire. The results revealed that the participants had partial theoretical and practical knowledge about nursing care for patients with dysphagia. Of interest, 78 per cent of the nurses reported that they had received less than 1 h of training in dysphagia, and only 4 per cent were aware of speech and language pathologists’ role in dysphagia management. Practical implications As the medical professionals who have the most contact with the patients, nurses have a central role in the care of patients with dysphagia. This study provides information that will guide strategies for in-service nurse education dysphagia programmes. Originality/value The estimated Saudi prevalence of dysphagia is high due to increased incidence of medical conditions commonly associated with dysphagia, such as stroke, cerebral palsy and traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents. Nurses play a pivotal role in caring for these patients. However, little is known about the level of care patients with dysphagia require in Saudi hospital settings.

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Tarek M. Esmael, Sami Fawzy, Hany Hosny, Omar Al Rashed, Anas Alnasser, Tariq Al Anazi, and Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar. "Work related injuries sustained by emergency medical technicians and paramedics in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Pharmacometrics and Integrated Biosciences 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijpib.v6i1.1408.

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Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics take immediate care of patients who are injured or unhealthy and ensure their transportation to or from the hospital. Almost 10% of all European Union employees work in health and social care systems, and a considerable number of them work in hospitals. The same is the case in Saudi Arabia, where the health care system is well developed and vibrant. With such a large workforce working in an environment where they can face accidents and injuries, accidents do happen. According to the International Labor Organization, there are 270 million occupational accidents causing 2 million deaths annually. The study was conducted at King Fahd Military Complex, Dhahran and Red Crescent. The study was aimed to identify the nature, frequency and causes of work-related injuries among paramedical staff. The present is among the largest studies of WRIs in EMTs in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we found a very high rate of verbal and physical violence against healthcare personnel. Physical violence negatively affects levels of satisfaction in workers. Studies indicate that exposure to both chronic and critical incident stressors increases the risk of EMS personnel developing post-traumatic stress reactions. The risk of WRIs to paramedics and EMTs is obviously high. The most common injuries were verbal/ physical violence, needle stick injuries and motor vehicle accidents. The most common cause for these WRIs was carelessness on part of EMTs.

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Abdullah AlNemer, Hashem. "Perception of the Benefits and Features of Health Insurance Policies Offered by the Employers: Empirical Findings from Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 6 (May 16, 2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n6p214.

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Government of Saudi Arabia is concerned and committed to improve the living standards of its people by enhancing, and standardizing healthcare service and education industry of the country which accounted for 36 percent of the budget in 2017, however, the spending was influenced by drop in oil revenues. The spending on healthcare services was reduced by 34% in 2016, from $42.67 billion in 2015 to $27.97 billion in 2016 (MOH, 2016). The decrease in government spending came as a strategy to increase the participation of private healthcare sector expenditure. Consequently, Ministry of Health (MOH) and Council of Cooperative Health Insurance (CCHI) have made medical insurance a must for non-Saudi residents (Expatriates) and their families. It’s the responsibility of Sponsor (Employer) to provide medical insurance to the expatriate and his/her family in Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, Health insurance in the form of Compulsory Employment-Based Health Insurance (CEBHI) was introduced in Saudi Arabia to regulate and ensure the provision of healthcare for expatriates working in the private sector, whilst providing financial protection against their healthcare expenses. It is prohibited for any employer not to participate in CEBHI, non-compliance to this law is punishable offence. However, despite these strong regulation, which comes in favor of expatriates, a number of complains been raised by expatriates of poor health care services due to employer unwillingness to provide proper health insurance policy, as a result of expensive premium. No studies have been conducted to systematically document expatriates’ perceptions in the health insurance industry. This paper attempts to fill the gap. The paper reports results about the perceptions of 324 expatriates at private sector in Saudi Arabia. The research found that most expatriates’ bout their policy from an intermediary with a weak knowledge about the insurance business, they also indicate their willingness to attend awareness lessons to educate themselves about the features of their health insurance policy. Expatriates also clarified that the policy they possess have a weak quality with limited benefits. The results indicated that there is a need to launch a measuring and controlling mechanisms, to control employer compliance with CEBHI regulations, to protect expatriates’ rights in getting proper health care service by having the right health insurance policy.

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Alshahrani, Aysha A., Rawan Al-Tuwaijri, Zainah A. Abuoliat, Mesnad Alyabsi, Mohammed I. AlJasser, and Rayan Alkhodair. "Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Alopecia Areata at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia." Dermatology Research and Practice 2020 (March 13, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7194270.

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Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder of hair follicles characterized by patches on nonscarring hair loss. Reports of prevalence and clinical characteristic of AA in Saudi Arabia are limited. The aim of our study is to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Saudi patients with AA. Materials and Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients diagnosed with AA between January 2016 and December 2017 were included. Data included patient demographics, type of AA, disease duration, family history of AA, and comorbid autoimmune diseases. Results. A total of 216 patients with AA were included. The overall prevalence of AA was approximately 2.3%. The mean disease duration at the time of presentation was 2 months while the mean age of onset was 25.61 years. The most common type of AA in both adult and pediatric groups was the patchy type involving the scalp. Comorbid diseases were found in 32.41% of patients. Common associated conditions included hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and atopic diseases. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of AA among a population of Saudi patients is 2.3%. AA prevalence is higher in pediatrics than adults. Common comorbid conditions include hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and atopic diseases.

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Awan, Kamran Habib, Emad M. Hadlaq, Ziyad T. Faraj, Fahad M. Al Gamdi, Faisal A. Al Obathani, and Mashael F. Abuabat. "Early Screening of Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care Dental Clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 8 (2017): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2101.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia; 23.1% of the Saudi population are diabetic and 25.5% are hypertensive. This cross-sectional study was made on dental setting to determine the effectiveness of screening of diabetes and hypertension in dental clinics. Materials and methods This study was carried out in the primary care dental clinics at the Dental College in King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Before starting any treatment, a face-to-face interview was administered to collect a brief medical history and personal data followed by measurement of body mass index (BMI). After that, blood pressure level reading was obtained using electrical sphygmomanometer. Finally, a glucose level reading was obtained from capillary blood from the patient's third fingertip using glucose reader. Results Our study included 283 participants, 118 of whom were females (41.7%). Our study showed that a significant amount of the participants are at risk of having hypertension (44.8%). In addition, a significant number (10.2%) of the participants are at risk of having diabetes. Furthermore, 35.7% of the sample had obesity as a risk factor for diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion The dental team can play an important role in screening of diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. In Saudi Arabia, public awareness of the chronic diseases is still critically insufficient. Clinical significance Our study showed the importance of the screening even for patients with negative history of diabetes or hypertension. How to cite this article Hadlaq EM, Faraj ZT, Al Gamdi FM, Al Obathani FA, Abuabat MF, Awan KH. Early Screening of Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care Dental Clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):652-659.

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Alsultan, Abdulrahman A., Elsayed Aboulmagd, Benjamin A. Evans, and Sebastian G. B. Amyes. "Clonal diversity of Acinetobacter baumannii from diabetic patients in Saudi Arabian hospitals." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.079640-0.

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Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) represents a major health-care problem, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the clonality of CR-AB isolated from diabetic patients from different regions in Saudi Arabia, as well as the relatedness of the β-lactamase genes. A total of 64 non-repetitive CR-AB clinical isolates were collected from 16 different regions in Saudi Arabia from intensive care patients. Isolates were identified phenotypically by the Vitek 2 compact system and genotypically by amplification of the bla OXA-51-like gene. The target sequences were amplified by PCR and the clonal diversity of the isolates was explored by PFGE. Resistance studies revealed that the prevalence of imipenem and meropenem resistance was 92 % and 96 %, respectively, while the vast majority of the isolates were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin. In addition, bla VIM and bla OXA-23 were the most prevalent genes in the isolates under investigation, while ISAba1 was the most dominant insertion sequence. PFGE results showed 13 clusters; clone H was dominant, comprising 20 isolates from four hospitals, followed by clones C and F, comprising 11 isolates each from three and six hospitals, respectively. Moreover, the current study signified the clonal diversity of CR-AB in Saudi Arabia and showed the ability of some clones to infect patients in many different cities.

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Alsugair, Abdullah M. "Impact of Mandatory Medical Insurance on Construction Contractors in Saudi Arabia." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4529.

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The comprehensive development in Saudi Arabia forced the private sector to bring foreign employees to assist in accomplishing this development. The number of foreign employees reached to six million people according to the late statistics. This huge number of people exerted pressure on the public free medical facilities that forced the government to issue a decree that instructs private sector to use private medical facilities for their foreign employees. The private sector dealt with this decree in different ways according to the perception of the company from providing full medical coverage for their employees to providing nothing. This has created a problem to many foreigners in which they have to pay for their medical needs. The government, then, issued a new decree that is the mandatory medical insurance. This decree requires the private sector to provide full medical coverage for their foreign employees. This decree will have an impact on the construction companies (contractors) and the cost of the construction projects. This paper presents results of a study conducted to identify the impact of the mandatory medical insurance on the construction contractors in Saudi Arabia. The methodology used was to prepare a questionnaire that investigates the objectives of this study and distributes it to the contractors. The questionnaire includes many aspects among them the impact of this decree on the company performance and the competition between contractors; how this extra expense being dealt with; and the impact on the employee. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 construction contractors and 90 questionnaires were collected. Results of the study reveal the impact of the mandatory medical insurance on the construction contractors in general and according to their classifications. In addition, the study presents the current practice implemented by contractors to provide medical care for their foreign employees.

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H. Alghamdi, Amal, Adel M. Ibrahim, Waqar A. Asrar, Khaled Alsharef, and Mohammad H. Alshehri. "Assessment of the completeness and quality of medical records used in the primary health care centers: case study in Jeddah, Western Region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Academic Research 6, no. 4 (July 30, 2014): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-4/a.8.

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Al-Arifi, Mohamed Nasser. "Pharmacy students’ attitudes toward pharmaceutical care in Riyadh region Saudi Arabia." Pharmacy World & Science 31, no. 6 (September 22, 2009): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-009-9331-y.

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Al Haddad, N. S., T. A. Al Habeeb, M. H. Abdel Gadir, Y. S. Al Ghamdy, and N. A. Qureshi. "Smoking patterns among primary health care attendees, Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 5-6 (March 31, 2003): 911–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.5-6.911.

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Prevalence, sociodemographic patterns and medical co-morbidity of smoking among a cross-section of primary health care [PHC] clients in Saudi Arabia were examined. We used a 44-item semistructured questionnaire to collect data from 1752 patients at 25 randomly selected PHC centres. Percentage of smoking was 52.3%. Although 85% were adult smokers, 8.6% began smoking before age 12. Smokers gave overlapping reasons to smoke including peer pressure; non-smokers gave religious and health logics against smoking. Of all smokers, 92.8% wanted to learn cessation strategies, 11.8% were ignorant of hazards and 32.4% reported manifestations of nicotine withdrawal. Besides alcohol use [13.4%], 81.8% had co-morbid physical disease

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Al Gaai, Eman, Husaam Al Sayed, and Muhammad M. Hammami. "Medical chaperoning at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and patient preference." Annals of Saudi Medicine 27, no. 3 (May 2007): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2007.217.

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Yearbook of Islamic and Middle East, Editors. "Saudi Arabia - Jamjoom Hospital Supply v. Arab Medical Supply and Baxter Health Care Ltd*." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 2, no. 1 (1995): 603–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129896x00325.

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Hammami, MuhammadM, Eman Al Gaai, and Husaam Al Sayed. "Medical chaperoning at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia : Prevalence and patient preference." Annals of Saudi Medicine 27, no. 3 (2007): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0256-4947.51504.

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Alhaiti, Ali Hassan, Mohammed Senitan, Wireen Leila T. Dator, Chandrakala Sankarapandian, Nadiah Abdulaziz Baghdadi, Linda Katherine JONES, Cliff Da Costa, and George Binh Lenon. "Adherence of Type 2 Diabetic Patients to Self-Care Activity: Tertiary Care Setting in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4817637.

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Aim. To analyse the prevalence of self-care practices in T2D patients in KSA. Methods. The study was conducted in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Saudi Arabia, and 385 patients were selected as samples. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities-Arabic (SDSCA) and consisted of 14 items related to self-care activities of T2D patients related to management and control of disease and four other aspects related to education and advice from healthcare members regarding management of T2D. Results. The self-care attributes including adherence to medication commitment activities ( M = 6.13 , SD = 1.25 ) were the most practised of all the domains. Glucose monitoring ( M = 4.15 , SD = 2.42 ) and foot care ( M = 3.28 , SD = 1.69 ) were at an average level, and adherence to the diet plan and exercise was found to be at a poor level ( M = 2.57 , SD = 1.73 and M = 2.13 , SD = 2.00 ) respectively. About 179 patients (74.3%) were found to be advised to follow a low-fat eating plan, and only 89 patients (36.9%) had received information concerning fruits and vegetables in their diet. More than 90% patients were found to be advised to strictly carry out exercise and blood sugar monitoring. Conclusion. It was found that adherence to self-care activities including diet, exercise, and foot care was relatively poor while intake of medication was strictly followed. The education provided by healthcare providers related to self-management attributes was found to be significant and had positive effects on the overall health and well-being of T2D patients.

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Almutairi, Abdullah Ghthaith, and Hilal Salim Al Shamsi. "Challenges to Quality Primary Health Care in Saudi Arabia and Potential Improvements Implemented by Other Systems: Systematic Review." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 9 (June 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n9p1.

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INTRODUCTION: As primary healthcare centres play an important role in implementing Saudi Arabia’s health strategy, this paper offers a review of publications on the quality of the country’s primary health care. With the aim of deciding on solutions for improvement, it provides an overview of healthcare quality in this context and indicates barriers to quality. METHOD: Using two databases, ProQuest and Scopus, data extracted from published articles were systematically analysed for determining the care quality in Saudi primary health centres and obstacles to achieving higher quality. RESULTS: Twenty-six articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. The components of healthcare quality were examined in terms of the access to and effectiveness of interpersonal and clinical care. Good access and effective care were identified in such areas as maternal health care and the control of epidemic diseases, whereas poor access and effectiveness of care were shown for chronic disease management programmes, referral patterns (in terms of referral letters and feedback reports), health education and interpersonal care (in terms of language barriers). Several factors were identified as barriers to high-quality care. These included problems with evidence-based practice implementation, professional development, the use of referrals to secondary care and organisational culture. Successful improvements have been implemented by other systems, such as mobile medical units, electronic referrals, online translation tools and mobile devices and their applications; these can be implemented in Saudi Arabia for improving the quality of the primary healthcare system in this country. CONCLUSION: The quality of primary health care in Saudi Arabia varies among the different services. To improve quality, management programmes and organisational culture must be promoted in primary health care. Professional development strategies are also needed for improving the skills and knowledge of healthcare professionals. Potential improvements can be implemented to improve the quality of the primary health system.

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Shanks, N. J., and D. Al-Kalai. "Occupation risk of needlestick injuries among health care personnel in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Hospital Infection 29, no. 3 (March 1995): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(95)90332-1.

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Kuwaiti, Ahmed Al, and Fahd A. Al Muhanna. "Challenges of privatizing academic medical centers in Saudi Arabia and appropriate strategies for implementation." International Journal of Health Governance 25, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-06-2019-0048.

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PurposeA crisis in the financial sustainability of the public healthcare sector often compels governments to consider privatization. The purpose of this paper is to summarize various strategies to overcome the challenges facing the privatization of academic medical centers (AMCs) in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors discuss the challenges faced in privatizing AMCs in delivering their core functions such as patient care, medical education and research. Further, the appropriate strategies are listed to overcome these challenges in privatization of AMCs.FindingsThe authors described the benefits of privatization that include a reduction in the financial burden on government healthcare expenditure, quick decision making and creation of new financial models to improve healthcare services. On the other hand, the profit motive of private management could create pressure on patients and may divert AMCs from their primary objectives. Therefore, it is imperative for the government to develop and implement appropriate strategies that balance the benefits of privatizing AMCs with eliminating the negative impact of privatization on patient care, medical education and research.Originality/valueThough AMCs privatization is currently feasible in Saudi Arabia, appropriate strategies are essential to overcome the challenges of its implementation. The government should frame a uniform rules and regulations prior to privatizing public hospitals so that it will fulfill the purpose in an efficient manner.

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Amer, M., N. Al Qadheeb, W. Mahmood, A. Al-Jazairi, and N. Akhras. "Antimicrobial stewardship programme in a medical intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 19, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 226.3–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.370.

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Khayyat, Waleed, Yousef Al Talhi, Abdullah Alshareef, Ashraf Abou Elezz, Kareem Halfawi, and Hashem Alhashemi. "Mortality, Medical Complications, And Care Indicators Among Stroke Inpatients At King Abdulaziz Medical City-Jeddah-Saudi Arabia." Journal of Neurological Research And Therapy 1, no. 3 (May 19, 2015): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-16-1200.

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Shorman, Mahmoud, and Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq. "Risk Factors Associated with Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcusin Intensive Care Unit Settings in Saudi Arabia." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/369674.

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Background. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are significant nosocomial pathogens worldwide. There is one report about the epidemiology of VRE in Saudi Arabia.Objective. To determine the risk factors associated with VRE infection or colonization in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.Design. This is a descriptive, epidemiologic hospital-based case-control study of patients with VRE from February 2006 to March 2010 in ICU in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.Methods. Data were collected from hospital records of patients with VRE. The main outcome measure was the adjusted odds ratio estimates of potential risk factors for VRE.Results. Factors associated with VRE included ICU admission for multiorgan failure, chronic renal failure, prior use of antimicrobial agents in the past three months and before ICU admission, gastrointestinal oral contrast procedure, and hemodialysis. Being located in a high risk room (roommate of patients colonized or infected with VRE) was found to be protective.Conclusions. Factors associated with VRE acquisition are often complex and may be confounded by local variables.

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Alsubaie, Ali S. R. "School safety and emergency preparedness in Saudi Arabia: a call for effective action." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171221.

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Accidents and injuries are a growing global public health problem. Both accidents and injuries can happen anytime and anywhere. Children and school personnel might experience medical emergency situations because of injuries, complications of chronic health conditions, or unexpected major accidents that occur in schools. A safe learning environment is essential for students, and without it they are unable to focus on learning the skills needed for a successful education and future development. There are about 6 million children younger than 18 years living in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Regrettably, many accidental tragedies occurred during the few last years in schools in Saudi Arabia which caused many forms of injuries and death among children and school teachers. Unfortunately, most schools lack a health care professional to respond to school medical emergencies. It is essential to believe that there is a fundamental link between emergency preparedness and disaster response. Therefore, schools that are prepared for an emergency are more likely to be prepared for complex events such as major fire, injury related accidents and natural disaster. The quality of schools about safety management and emergency preparedness is far worrying in Saudi Arabia. Thus, there is a need in creating a ‘‘culture of safety’’ and realize that injuries prevention and safety promotion are everybody’s business. The time has come to develop effective injury prevention strategies and promote safety that can help reduce the impact of injuries on the health of the Saudi population, economy and health care system. The issue of school safety must be a major concern at all levels of government. Efforts should be made to increase the education of school personnel in the assessment and management of safety and life-threatening emergencies, particularly head injury, cardiac arrest, suffocation and fire events.

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Balabel, Ashraf, and Mamdooh Alwetaishi. "Toward Sustainable Healthcare Facilities: An Initiative for Development of “Mostadam-HCF” Rating System in Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126742.

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Saudi Arabia vision 2030 emphasizes the applications of sustainability concepts in all aspects of life in Saudi society. Accordingly, the Mostadam rating system for existing and new buildings was recently launched to achieve appropriate, sustainable building standards. In the medical field, sustainable healthcare facilities are an extension of the concept of sustainable buildings in terms of important sustainable healthcare parameters. Therefore, the sustainable development of healthcare facilities has great impacts on growing economic, social and environmental issues, which, in turn, improve Saudi society’s public health. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the urgent need for sustainable healthcare facilities to control the outbreak of such dangerous pandemics. Accordingly, the retrofitting of the existing healthcare facilities and the shift toward new sustainable ones have become an important objective of many countries worldwide. Currently, the concepts related to sustainable healthcare facilities are rapidly varying their scopes toward wider perspectives. Therefore, a new local rating system for healthcare facilities based on the potential and resources of sustainable healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia should be developed. The present paper investigates the development of a new version of the Mostadam rating system, known here as “Mostadam-HCF”, in relation to the local Mostadam rating system and in accordance with the LEED version 4.1 (BD + C: Health-care). This important step can help the existing and the new healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia to obtain, firstly, national accreditation and, consequently, to be internationally accredited. Moreover, the initiative of sustainable healthcare facilities can also help in fighting the current COVID-19 pandemic and the other possible future viruses in Saudi Arabia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical care – Saudi Arabia'

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