Journal articles: 'Medical Columns'

1

Li, Jiake, Laiyan Li, Wen Dong, and Huaien Li. "Purification effects of amended bioretention columns on phosphorus in urban rainfall runoff." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 9 (November 8, 2018): 1937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.464.

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Abstract In order to develop bioretention fillers with better phosphorus removal capacity, we built 12 bioretention columns with six kinds of modified fillers, and analyzed the operation effects of the columns under different conditions through field tests. Results show that adding water treatment residual has optimal removal rates for total phosphorus (TP) (median = 96.80%) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (median = 97.13%). The water reduction rates of the columns with improved fillers are 1.23–2.04 times that of the bioretention soil media column. The coconut chaff column has the best water storage capacity (median = 40.54%). Among the external factors affecting column operation, influent concentration of pollutants in urban surface runoff is the biggest influence factor on the removal efficiency of TP. However, there are no significant correlations between the removal efficiency of SRP and rainfall, influent concentration, and discharge ratio. The columns modified with medical stone, vermiculite, peat soil, medical stone + peat soil, green zeolite + peat soil all have good removal for phosphorus pollutant. After entering the columns, the contents of TP and SRP in most columns increased. The recommended fillers and the accumulation performance of phosphorus can help to improve purification effects in bioretention systems.

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Penton, Z. "Gas-chromatographic determination of ethanol in blood with 0.53-mm fused-silica open tubular columns." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2094–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.11.2094.

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Abstract Several 0.53 mm (i.d.) fused-silica open tubular columns were evaluated for the gas-chromatographic determination of ethanol and other volatiles in blood by both headspace and liquid injection. These columns offer the advantages of fused-silica technology without requiring expensive modification of the instrument for capillary. Methyl silicone columns of various lengths and film thicknesses were examined and also a polyethylene glycol column. The merits of each column are discussed and relative retention times are given.

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McPherson, A. "Press: The problem with medical advice columns." BMJ 319, no. 7214 (October 2, 1999): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7214.928.

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Golan, Guy J. "Editorials, Op-ed Columns Frame Medical Marijuana Debate." Newspaper Research Journal 31, no. 3 (June 2010): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953291003100305.

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Degel, F., P. Zuman, P. Jandik, and G. Gilch. "Effect of pretreating samples with boric acid before liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary catecholamines." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.1.108.

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Abstract Isolation of catecholamines on prepacked gravity-fed ion-exchange columns in conjunction with liquid-chromatographic separation is occasionally subject to disturbances of unknown origin, especially after injection of H3BO3 eluates from the ion-exchange columns onto the chromatography column. Peak spreading, sometimes even peak splitting, has been observed in many laboratories--effects easily confused with those sometimes caused by voided columns or by impurities. To elucidate the origins of these interferences, we performed a combined voltammetric and chromatographic investigation. We show that complexation of the catechol group by borate ions and dissociation of those pH-labile complexes in the course of the chromatographic separation is the cause of those peak distortions. Addition of a small volume of diluted HCI to the borate eluates eliminates such interference and leads to reproducible, easily interpretable chromatographic separations.

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Ng, Ronald H., Mani Menon, and Jack H. Ladenson. "Collection and Handling of 24-Hour Urine Specimens for Measurement of Analytes Related to Renal Calculi." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.2.308.

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Abstract Vol. 30 p 468: In line 7, left column, HCl should be 12 mol/L. p 536: In Figs. 4 and 5, change the unit on the ordinates to "%." Change the ordinate numbers on Fig. 4 from 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25. On Fig. 5, change the ordinate number from 120 to 30. p 725: In line 8, right column, change "logarithmic probability," to "probit." In Figs. 2 and 3, replace the terms "log 10" and "double log" by "probit" and "simple log," respectively. p 729: Insert "γ" in the empty space on line 23, right-hand column, so the expression reads "100(1 – γ)%." pp 856–7: Exchange the legends for Figures 2 and 3. p 1111: Units in the left-hand Table should be "µg/L," not "g/L." p 1260: In the first column, just under equation 2, delete "β" and insert the words "for a." p 1294: In paragraph three, line 6, for "blunted" read "blunt." p 1353: Transpose Figures 2 and 3 over the (unchanged) legends. 0.53 1.02 2.71 5.0 p 1364: The sixth line of data, columns 2–4 should read "176.4 ± 43," "470 ± 198," and "0.5." The final line of data, columns 2–4, should read "1.95 ± 0.47," "5.05 ± 2.12," and "0.4," and, under "Range" the following should be inserted at the bottom of the column: 0.4–0.7 0.2–0.8 0.1–0.7. p 1365: The data in columns 2 and 4, and some in column 3, of Table 3 should read: See table in the PDF file p 1429: The middle column, next to last paragraph, should read: "Hb 27 g/L" and "leukocytes 186 x 109/L." p 1812: Column 1, fifth line of text: change "decreasing" to "increasing." p 1813: Column 2, x refers to whole blood rather than plasma, y to plasma.

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Krouwer, J. S., and B. Schlain. "A method to quantify deviations from assay linearity." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.8.1689.

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Abstract We present a statistical method to quantify deviations from linearity for assays that veer from linear assay responses. Our procedure handles the common case of unequally spaced analyte levels and nonconstant variance and provides a least-squares estimate with a confidence interval for the amount of deviation from assay linearity at a specified analyte concentration. This estimate of assay bias due to nonlinearity goes beyond the NCCLS EP6 lack-of-fit test, which tests for only the presence of nonlinearity. Knowing that nonlinearity is present is insufficient; users need to know the magnitude of the bias caused by nonlinearity. Our method can also be used with multifactor designs that estimate other systematic assay effects such as drift and carryover, thus obviating the need for a separate protocol to assess linearity. The procedure is carried out by adding extra columns to the design matrix corresponding to the concentration level(s) of interest. The extra columns, which replace the quadratic column, are orthogonal to all other columns. We describe a general method of constructing the new columns, and illustrate the procedure with a manual ammonia assay example dataset from EP6.

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Jurberg, P., V. T. Schall, J. V. Barbosa, M. J. Gatti, and M. S. Soares. "Behavior of Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host snail of Schistosoma mansoni, at different depths in water in laboratory conditions." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82, no. 2 (June 1987): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761987000200008.

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Using three columns of different depths (1.10m, 8.40m and 10.40m), we investigated the possibility of Biomphalaria glabrata moving towards deep regions. In the 1.10m column, we noted that locomotion can occur in two manners: 1) when the foot is in contact with the substrate: a) sliding descent; b) sliding ascent; c) creeping descent; d) creeping ascent, 2) when the foot is not in contact with the substrate: a) sudden descent without emission of air bules; b) sudden descent with emission of air bules; c) sudden ascent. In the 8.40m column containing food on the bottom (experimental group), the snails remained longer at this depth when compared to those of the group which received no food (control). The sliding behavior was characteristic of locomotion occurring at 0 to 1m both in upward and downward directions. Creeping behavior was typical for the ascent of the snails that reached deeper levels. When the snails were creeping, the shell remained hanging as if it were heavier, a fact that may have been due to water entering the pulmonary chamber. In the 10.40m column, the snails slid downward to a depth of 4m or descended suddenly all the way to the bottom. Ascent occurred by creeping from the bottom to the surface. In the 8.40m and 10.40m columns, copulation, feeding and oviposition occurred at the deepest levels.

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9

Hannigan, Gale G., and Brenda L. Seago. "Medical Informatics and Education and Training Columns Will Merge." Medical Reference Services Quarterly 18, no. 1 (March 18, 1999): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j115v18n01_08.

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10

Adlard, J. "Medical advice columns give both good and bad counsel." BMJ 320, no. 7229 (January 22, 2000): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7229.252.

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11

Toennes, Stefan W., and Hans H. Maurer. "Efficient Cleavage of Conjugates of Drugs or Poisons by Immobilized β-Glucuronidase and Arylsulfatase in Columns." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.12.2173.

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Abstract Background: Cleavage of conjugates is an important step in toxicological analysis, especially of urine samples. The aim of this study was to combine the advantages and to reduce the disadvantages of acid hydrolysis and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis procedures. Methods: β-Glucuronidase (GRD; EC 3.2.1.31) and arylsulfatase (ARS; EC 3.1.6.1) were purified and coimmobilized on an agarose gel matrix and packed into columns. Results: In columns packed with GRD and ARS, the test conjugates 4-nitrophenyl glucuronide and 4-nitrophenyl sulfate added into urine could be completely cleaved within 25 min. Even the relatively stable morphine conjugates could be completely hydrolyzed within 60 min in authentic urine samples. Therefore, an incubation time of 1 h is recommended. Enzyme inhibition by matrix or by rather high concentrations of acetaminophen conjugates was tested and found to be up to 50%. However, a large excess of GRD and ARS was used. The immobilizate columns could be reused for at least 70 incubations and had a storage stability of at least 12 weeks. Carryover of analytes in reused columns could be avoided by rinsing with 200 mL/L methanol in acetate buffer. Thus, five drugs known to be contaminants added in very high concentrations into urine could be completely removed from the columns. A study on the applicability in systematic toxicological analysis showed that 120 different drugs and/or their metabolites could be detected in 35 different authentic urine samples. Conclusions: Use of immobilized and column-packed GRD and ARS is an efficient alternative for the cleavage of urinary conjugates in clinical toxicology.

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12

Kirk, E. M., and A. F. Fell. "Analysis of supplemented vitamin K1(20) in serum microsamples by solid-phase extraction and narrow-bone HPLC with multichannel ultraviolet detection." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.7.1282.

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Abstract A sensitive method for the determination of vitamin K1(20) in serum microsamples (50 microL) has been developed, utilizing solid-phase extraction with C8 Bond-Elut columns and reversed-phase narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography [2.1 mm (i.d.), column] with a nonaqueous eluent. Recovery from serum (49 ng/mL) was 76% (n = 2). Peak homogeneity was assessed by photodiode array detection with absorbance ratio, spectral normalization, and transformation to the first- and second-derivative chromatograms. Calibration data at 248 nm over two ranges (20-200 ng/mL, 200-4000 ng/mL) varied linearly with concentration and were suitable for studies of vitamin K1 supplementation. By comparison with conventional columns, sensitivity was increased twofold.

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13

Annesley, T., K. Matz, L. Balogh, L. Clayton, and D. Giacherio. "Liquid-chromatographic analysis for cyclosporine with use of a microbore column and small sample volume." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 1407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.7.1407.

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Abstract This liquid-chromatographic assay requires 0.2 to 0.5 mL of whole blood, avoids the use of diethyl ether, and consumes only 10 to 20% of the solvents used in prior methods. Sample preparation involves an acidic extraction with methyl-t-butyl ether, performed in a 13 X 100 mm disposable glass tube, then a short second extraction of the organic phase with sodium hydroxide. After evaporation of the methyl-t-butyl ether, chromatography is performed on an "Astec" 2.0-mm (i.d.) octyl column. We compared results by this procedure with those by use of earlier larger-scale extractions and their respective 4.6-mm (i.d.) columns; analytical recoveries of cyclosporins A and D were comparable with previous findings and results for patients' specimens were equivalent, but the microbore columns provided greatly increased resolution and sensitivity.

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14

Dong, Yanrong, Junzhen Di, Xianjun Wang, Lindan Xue, Zhenhua Yang, Xuying Guo, and Mingwei Li. "Dynamic Experimental Study on Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by Bacteria Supported in Natural Minerals." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020439.

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In order to solve the problem of pollution of acid mine drainage (AMD), such as low pH value and being rich in SO42−, Fe and Mn pollution ions, etc., immobilized particles were prepared by using sugar cane-refining waste (bagasse), a natural composite mineral (called medical stone in China) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) as substrate materials, based on microbial immobilization technology. Medical stone is a kind of composite mineral with absorbability, non-toxicity and biological activity. The adsorption capacity of medical stone is different according to its geographic origins. Two dynamic columns were constructed with Column 1 filled by Fuxin’s medical stone-enhanced SRB immobilized particles, and Column 2 filled by Dengfeng’s medical stone-enhanced SRB immobilized particles as fillers. The treatment effect on AMD with SRB-immobilized particles enhanced by medical stone from different areas was compared. Results showed that Column 2 had better treatment effect on AMD. The average effluent pH value of Column 2 was 6.98, the average oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value was −70.17 mV, the average removal percentages of SO42−, Fe2+ and Mn2+ were 70.13%, 83.82% and 59.43%, respectively, and the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) emission was 555.48 mg/L.

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15

Lensmeyer, G. L., D. A. Wiebe, and I. H. Carlson. "Identification and analysis of nine metabolites of cyclosporine in whole blood by liquid chromatography. 1: Purification of analytical standards and optimization of the assay." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.10.1841.

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Abstract We describe an extraction and an isocratic "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) separation of cyclosporine (CsA) and nine metabolites (M1, M8, M17, M18, M21, M25, M26, M203-218, and MUNDF1) from whole blood. Metabolites (for standards) were purified from human bile with liquid-liquid and solid-phase extractions, chromatographed on a cyanopropyl (CN) semipreparative HPLC column, and further purified on octyl, CN, and silica columns. The identity of each metabolite was verified with authentic standards on three chemically different HPLC columns and on the basis of cross-reactivity data from radioimmunoassay. For the routine analytical method, 1 mL of whole blood is diluted, hemolyzed, and applied to a Bond Elut CN (500 mg) cartridge to extract CsA, metabolites, and cyclosporin C, the internal standard. Interferences are removed by using four wash solutions and an additional cartridge of octyldecyl sorbent introduced prior to elution. Analytes are separated on a Zorbax CN analytical column maintained at 58 degrees C, with detection at 214 nm. Analytical recovery, as tested with three lots of CN sorbent, ranged from 47% to 95% for the 10 cyclosporines. Between-run CVs are less than 10% at 200 micrograms/L (concentration of each compound) and the standard curves are linear to 1500 micrograms/L. We also report a study of the separation mechanisms.

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Schmidt, N. A., H. J. Borburgh, T. J. Penders, and C. W. Weykamp. "Steroid profiling--an update." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.4.637.

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Abstract Extraction of steroids from urine with C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges results in an extract containing impurities. If, during the extraction of hydrolyzed urine, an amino (NH2) column is placed in series with the C18 column, then one obtains a sample that is sufficiently clean for gas-chromatographic analysis. Analytical recovery of dehydroepiandrosterone from urine is considerably decreased by the use of increasing amounts of Helix pomatia enzyme preparation. Extraction of the steroid conjugates from urine with C18 columns before the hydrolysis stage is essential for hydrolysis with an amount of enzyme preparation that suffices for complete splitting of the polar steroid conjugates but not so much as to cause insufficient analytical recovery of dehydroepiandrosterone.

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17

Jones, C. W. "Mass-spectrometric assay of tocainide in serum." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.3.503.

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Abstract This mass-spectrometric method for assaying tocainide in serum is specific, reproducible, and sensitive, and sample preparation is rapid. The drug is isolated from serum by liquid-solid extraction on a Baker C18 disposable column. Underivatized drug is separated by elution on a 0.20 mm X 25 m fused-silica capillary column coated with 5% phenylmethylsilicone, then quantified by mass-selective detection (selected ion monitoring). Sample size is 1 mL of serum, but smaller volumes may be used. Mean analytical recovery of the drug from the disposable columns is 75%. Commonly used antiarrhythmics, sedatives, or hypnotics do not interfere. The run-to-run CV at 3.7 mg/L is 4.0%, 3.0% at 10.5 mg/L.

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Ware, George M., Pesi P. Umrigar, Allen S. Carman, and Shia S. Kuan. "Evaluation of Fumonitest Immunoaffinity Columns." Analytical Letters 27, no. 4 (February 1994): 693–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719408000264.

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19

Wong, S. H. "Supercritical fluid chromatography and microbore liquid chromatography for drug analysis." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.7.1293.

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Abstract Supercritical fluid and microbore liquid chromatography offer potential applications for drug analysis. In supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), the mobile phase is a gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) maintained at its supercritical state--that is, above its critical temperature and pressure, above which it cannot be liquefied even with further increases in applied pressure. The SFC mobile phase has low viscosity, approximating that of a gas, and high diffusivity, between those of a gas and a liquid. These properties yield favorable column efficiency, between that of capillary gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC). SFC analysis may be performed by either packed or open tubular capillary columns and with GC and LC detectors. SFC, interfaced with mass spectrometry, may become a viable alternative to GC/MS for drug identification in clinical and forensic toxicology. Advantages of microbore liquid chromatography include enhanced mass sensitivity, reduced solvent consumption, and others. Microbore columns (internal diameters 1 to 2 mm) may be packed with 3-, 5-, or 10-micron particles. Potential applications include micro-sample analysis (5-200 microL) for neonatal and pediatric drug monitoring, and drug confirmation analysis for toxicology.

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20

Sieghart, W., E. Ronca, G. Drexler, and S. Karall. "Improved radioimmunoassay of melatonin in serum." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.4.604.

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Abstract Melatonin was extracted from serum by using Baker reversed-phase C-18 columns. More than 99% of the applied melatonin was retained by the columns, and more than 97% was eluted from the columns in 300 microL of methanol. We then determined melatonin in the serum extract by a modification of a standard radioimmunoassay, using filtration instead of centrifugation to collect the [3H]melatonin-antibody complex precipitated by saturated ammonium sulfate. These modifications allow more rapid, accurate, and reproducible determination of melatonin than do previously published procedures.

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21

Oinas, Elina. "Medicalisation by Whom? Accounts of Menstruation Conveyed by Young Women and Medical Experts in Medical Advisory Columns." Sociology of Health & Illness 20, no. 1 (January 1998): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00080.

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Morrissey, Nancy E., Syed Farhat Quadri, Robert Kinders, Christine Brigham, Steve Rose, and Michael J. Blend. "Modified Method for Determining Carcinoembryonic Antigen in the Presence of Human Anti-Murine Antibodies." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.11.2343.

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Abstract Vol. 39: p. 527. In the article by N. E. Morrissey, S. F. Quadri, R. Kinders, C. Brigham, S. Rose, and M. J. Blend entitled "Modified method for determining carcinoembryonic antigen in the presence of anti-murine antibodies," 1993;39:522-9, the graphs A and B in the left-hand column of page 527 should be exchanged with graphs A and B in the right-hand column, so that the legend for Figure 2 refers to graphs for two HAMA-negative patients and the legend for Figure 3 refers to three HAMA-positive patients. p. 1401. In the article by J. M. Queraltó, J. C. Boyd, and E. K. Harris entitled "On the calculation of reference change values, with examples from a long-term study," 1993;39:1398-403, the last two columns of Table 4 are incorrect: in the next-to-last column, a misprint occurred in the line for sodium; in the last column, a number was omitted, causing other numbers to be misplaced. The columns should have read as follows: See table in the PDF file p. 1901. In the Scientific Note by R. G. Parsons, R. Kowal, D. LeBlond, V. T. Yue, L. Neargarder, L. Bond, D. Garcia, D. Slater, and P. Rogers, entitled "Multianalyte assay system developed for drugs of abuse," 1993;39:1899-903, the word "trihexylphenidyl" in line 1 of the text in column 2, page 1901, should read "trihexyphenidyl." p. 1942. In Oak Ridge Conference paper by R. Devlin, R. M. Studholme, W. D. Dandliker, K. Blumeyer, and S. S. Ghosh, entitled "Homogeneous detection of nucleic acids by transientstate polarized fluorescence," 1993;39:1939-43, the x-axis for Figure 5 should read: "Volume of 3SR product solution (1O-4 x µL)," not (10-3 x µL). p. 1982. In the Oak Ridge Conference Poster Session, the paper by D. Crisan, M. J. Anstett, N. Matta, and D. H. Farkas entitled "Detection of bcl-2 oncogene rearrangement in follicular lymphoma: nucleic acid hybridization and polymerase chain reaction compared," 1993;39:1980-2, the word "bone" in the first line at the top of page 1982 should have read "bone marrow."

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Lavrenyuk, Evgeniy Andreevich, and V. D. Vagner. "COMPARATIVE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPLITION OF DENTAL PATIENT'S MEDICAL CARD WITH THE DISEASES OF PULP AND PERIAPICAL TISSUES IN THE STOMATOLOGICAL MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS WITH THE VARIETY OF FORMS OF PROPERTY." Russian Journal of Dentistry 22, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2018-22-2-103-106.

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The article presents the results of quality assessment of the completion of medical cards of dental patients in dental medical organizations of various forms of ownership in Ryazan. The analysis of the columns of medical cards containing the description of diagnostic measures indicates insufficient attention in completing this section of the Medical Card of Dental Patient both in private and public Medical Dental Organizations.

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Kabra, P. M., J. H. Wall, and P. Dimson. "Automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography for assay of cyclosporine in whole blood." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 2272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.12.2272.

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Abstract In this rapid, precise, accurate, cost-effective, automated liquid-chromatographic procedure for determining cyclosporine in whole blood, the cyclosporine is extracted from 0.5 mL of whole blood together with 300 micrograms of cyclosporin D per liter, added as internal standard, by using an Advanced Automated Sample Processing unit. The on-line solid-phase extraction is performed on an octasilane sorbent cartridge, which is interfaced with a RP-8 guard column and an octyl analytical column, packed with 5-microns packing material. Both columns are eluted with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile/methanol/water (53/20/27 by vol) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and column temperature of 70 degrees C. Absolute recovery of cyclosporine exceeded 85% and the standard curve was linear to 5000 micrograms/L. Within-run and day-to-day CVs were less than 8%. Correlation between automated and manual Bond-Elut extraction methods was excellent (r = 0.987). None of 18 drugs and four steroids tested interfered.

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Solod, Eduard Ivanovich, A. F. Lazarev, A. A. Lazarev, Ya G. Gudushauri, M. G. Kakabadze, A. S. Roskidaylo, I. M. Dan, et al. "Potentialities of Surgical Treatment for Acetabular Fractures Using Low-Invasive Techniques." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto20091623-9.

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Original technique of percutaneous osteosynthesis was applied for the treatment of 24 patients with acetabular columns fractures. The achieved results were compared to the results of osteosynthesis performed using open direct reposition of bone fragments (39 patients). The efficacy of low-invasive surgery in acetabular column fractures with regard to provision of fragments consolidation, prevention of femoral head aseptic necrosis development and achievement of early medical and social rehabilitation of patients was showed. Maintenance of fragments blood supply, use of minimal surgical approach and closed reposition are considered to be the progressive direction of internal osteosynthesis development.

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Caron, Alexandre, Emmanuel Chazard, Joris Muller, Renaud Perichon, Laurie Ferret, Vassilis Koutkias, Régis Beuscart, Jean-Baptiste Beuscart, and Grégoire Ficheur. "IT-CARES: an interactive tool for case-crossover analyses of electronic medical records for patient safety." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw132.

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Background: The significant risk of adverse events following medical procedures supports a clinical epidemiological approach based on the analyses of collections of electronic medical records. Data analytical tools might help clinical epidemiologists develop more appropriate case-crossover designs for monitoring patient safety. Objective: To develop and assess the methodological quality of an interactive tool for use by clinical epidemiologists to systematically design case-crossover analyses of large electronic medical records databases. Material and Methods: We developed IT-CARES, an analytical tool implementing case-crossover design, to explore the association between exposures and outcomes. The exposures and outcomes are defined by clinical epidemiologists via lists of codes entered via a user interface screen. We tested IT-CARES on data from the French national inpatient stay database, which documents diagnoses and medical procedures for 170 million inpatient stays between 2007 and 2013. We compared the results of our analysis with reference data from the literature on thromboembolic risk after delivery and bleeding risk after total hip replacement. Results: IT-CARES provides a user interface with 3 columns: (i) the outcome criteria in the left-hand column, (ii) the exposure criteria in the right-hand column, and (iii) the estimated risk (odds ratios, presented in both graphical and tabular formats) in the middle column. The estimated odds ratios were consistent with the reference literature data. Discussion: IT-CARES may enhance patient safety by facilitating clinical epidemiological studies of adverse events following medical procedures. The tool’s usability must be evaluated and improved in further research.

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Wong, Tiow-Ping, Muruleedhara Byappanahalli, Bunnie Yoneyama, and Chittaranjan Ray. "An evaluation of the mobility of pathogen indicators, Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS-2, in a highly weathered tropical soil under unsaturated conditions." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2007): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.012.

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Laboratory column experiments were conducted to study the effects of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer and surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on the movement of Escherichia coli and the FRNA phage MS-2. The study was designed to evaluate if PAM or PAM + LAS would enhance the mobility of human pathogens in tropical soils under unsaturated conditions. No breakthrough of phage was observed in a 10 cm column after passing 100 pore volumes of solution containing 1×108 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml. In later experiments, after passing 10–20 pore volumes of influent containing 1×108/ml MS-2 or E. coli through 15 cm columns, the soil was sliced and the organisms eluted. Phage moved slightly deeper in the polymer-treated column than in the control column. There was no measurable difference in the movement of E. coli in either polymer-treated or control columns. The properties of the soil (high amounts of metal oxides, kaolinitic clay), unsaturated flow conditions, and relatively high ionic strengths of the leaching solution attributed to significant retention of these indicators. The impacts of PAM and LAS on the mobility of E. coli or MS-2 phage in the chosen soils were not significant.

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Kalra, Sanjay, and Rakesh Sahay. "A LEMON a Day Keeps Fatigue Away – The ABCDE of Fatigue." European Endocrinology 14, no. 1 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2018.14.1.15.

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Fatigue is a common symptom in clinical medicine. The complex and multifaceted etiopathogenesis of fatigue is a challenge for the differential diagnosis and management of fatigue. This brief communication shares two simple mnemonics – LEMON and ABCDE – which help in the evaluation of fatigue. These frameworks are as relevant to endocrinology and diabetes as to general practice. The mnemonic LEMON stands for lifestyle, endocrine, medical/metabolic, observer (physician) and nutrition-related factors which may cause fatigue; ABCDE lists the aetiology of fatigue in three columns related to physiological/nutritional, psychosocial and biomedical causes (each column includes one cause and how this relates to the ABCDE rubric).

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Abendschein, D. R., H. L. Fontanet, and R. Nohara. "Optimized preservation of isoforms of creatine kinase MM isoenzyme in plasma specimens and their rapid quantification by semi-automated chromatofocusing." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.5.723.

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Abstract We report a convenient chromatofocusing procedure for rapid and sensitive quantification of isoforms of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) in plasma and efficient methods for preserving isoform profiles during handling of specimens. The assay involves use of prepacked, re-usable Mono P chromatofocusing columns and a "Fast Protein Liquid Chromatograph" (FPLC) system with on-line detection of isoform enzymatic activity in column effluent. Profiles of isoforms are analyzed within 25 min with the use of a 1-mL column; the lower limit of sensitivity for CK activity is 5 mU, and recovery of each isoform is within 1% of the amount added to plasma. Collection of blood specimens in Vacutainer Tubes containing 28.5 mumol of EDTA (final concentration in plasma, 7 to 10 mmol/L) inhibited carboxypeptidase activity in plasma by 76%, sufficient to essentially abolish isoform conversion in vitro at room temperature. These methods should facilitate applications of isoform analysis for diagnosis of myocardial infarction and coronary artery recanalization.

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Turpeinen, Ursula, Helene Markkanen, Matti Välimäki, and Ulf-Håkan Stenman. "Determination of urinary free cortisol by HPLC." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 1386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.8.1386.

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Abstract We here report a reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of free cortisol in human urine, using methylprednisolone as the internal standard. Before chromatography, samples were extracted with a C18 solid-phase extraction column and the steroids were separated on a LiChrospher 100 C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol/acetonitrile/water (43/3/54 by vol). Linearity, precision, and accuracy of the method were established. The detection limit was 10 pmol of cortisol, and total CVs were <8%. With various solid-phase extraction columns the recovery of cortisol was 36–97%; recovery of the internal standard was 43–85%. Study of interference by 6 other steroids and metabolites and 24 drugs showed that carbamazepine and digoxin partly overlapped with cortisol, but this interference could be reduced by modification of the mobile phase. The HPLC method was compared with an RIA and an automated immunoassay method. The results obtained by HPLC averaged 40% of the RIA values.

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Langner, J. G., B. K. Gan, R. H. Liu, L. D. Baugh, P. Chand, J. L. Weng, C. Edwards, and A. S. Walia. "Enzymatic digestion, solid-phase extraction, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of derivatized intact oxazepam in urine." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.9.1595.

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Abstract Enzymatic digestion with beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) was used to release intact oxazepam from urine samples containing the d5-analog internal standard. The resulting specimens were extracted with Du Pont PREP Type W cartridge (processed by a PREP Automated Sample Processor), Bond Elut Certify, and J.T. Baker "spe" columns for comparison of the columns' extraction recovery and overall effectiveness. Methyl iodide/tetrahexylammonium hydrogen sulfate and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide/trimethylchlorosilane (10 g/L) were used for the methylation and trimethylsilylation studies. We used a Hewlett-Packard HP 5790 mass-selective detector equipped with a 13-m J & W DB-5 column (5% phenyl polysiloxane phase) for gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis and the Thru-Put Target software package for data processing. After several exploratory experiments, we adopted the Du Pont PREP system methylation procedure because of its effective recovery, the superior stability of the derivatization product, the possibility of incorporating a clean-up step, and the potential for high throughput. The extraction recovery from a set of control samples was 87%. Coefficients of variation obtained for six replicates of GC/MS analysis and for the overall procedure were 1% and 3%, respectively. Excellent linearity was established in the 50-8000 micrograms/L concentration range studied. With the use of 3-mL samples, a 20-microL final reconstitution volume, oxazepam at 50 micrograms/L was easily detected under the adopted operation conditions.

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Maycock, P. F., and K. N. Frayn. "Use of alumina columns to prepare plasma samples for liquid-chromatographic determination of catecholamines." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.2.286.

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Abstract We describe an improved method of sample preparation for liquid chromatographic determination of plasma catecholamines. The catecholamines are extracted from plasma by using small, cheaply-made columns of alumina, with or without prior clean-up on commercially available ion-exchange columns. Advantages of this technique over the conventional batch-extraction method of using alumina are speed, convenience, and improved sample clean-up. In particular, the one-stage method we describe allows results to be reported within 20 min of receiving the sample.

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Kim Ra Yeon and 최건아. "Readers’ Awareness of the Standards of Good and Bad Texts -A Study of Medical Students’ Readings of Medical Columns." korean language education research 52, no. 4 (December 2017): 269–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20880/kler.2017.52.4.269.

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Roshal, Mikhail, Jeanne Turgeon, and Petrie M. Rainey. "Rapid Quantitative Method Using Spin Columns to Measure Porphobilinogen in Urine." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.096461.

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Abstract Background: Large increases of urinary porphobilinogen (PBG) indicate acute porphyria, which may be due to acute intermittent porphyria, variegate porphyria, or hereditary coproporphyria. These conditions are relatively rare but share symptoms with more common conditions, such as acute surgical abdomen, and often must be ruled out rapidly. Reported quantitative methods for PBG measurement are time-consuming and inconvenient. We developed a rapid quantitative method that uses resin-packed spin columns to measure PBG in urine. Method: We applied urine to anion exchange resin in a spin column, then performed centrifugal separation and washing. PBG was eluted in 1 mol/L acetic acid and reacted with Ehrlich’s reagent. After 5 min, we measured absorbance at 525, 555, and 585 nm. PBG concentration (mg/L) was calculated as 88 (A555 − ½(A525 + A585)). Results: The reportable PBG concentration range was 0.2–15 mg/L. Between-day (total) imprecision (CV) was 8.4% at 1.2 mg/L and 3.5% at 4.4 mg/L. Comparison with our established method (x) yielded a Deming regression equation: y = 1.04x − 0.01 mg/L (R2 = 0.98; Sy,x = 0.87 mg/L). No interference was noted from urobilinogen or highly colored urine specimens. Conclusions: This method for PBG measurement is more rapid and precise than other methods. This test can serve as a quick screening test and facilitates batch analysis for routine quantitative testing.

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Hori, Mika, Mitsuaki Ishihara, Yumiko Yuasa, Hisashi Makino, Koji Yanagi, Tamiko Tamanaha, Ichiro Kishimoto, Takeshi Kujiraoka, Hiroaki Hattori, and Mariko Harada-Shiba. "Removal of Plasma Mature and Furin-Cleaved Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 by Low-Density Lipoprotein-Apheresis in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Development and Application of a New Assay for PCSK9." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): E41—E49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3066.

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Abstract Context: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is known to be a good target to decrease LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and two forms of PCSK9, mature and furin-cleaved PCSK9, circulate in blood. However, it has not been clarified whether and how the levels of each PCSK9 are affected by LDL-apheresis (LDL-A) treatment, a standard therapy in patients with severe forms of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Objective: Our objective was to investigate the differences in LDL-A-induced reduction of mature and furin-cleaved PCSK9 between homozygous and heterozygous FH, and between dextran sulfate (DS) cellulose adsorption and double membrane (DM) columns and to clarify the mechanism of their removal. Design: A sandwich ELISA to measure two forms of PCSK9s using monoclonal antibodies was developed. Using the ELISA, PCSK9 levels were quantified before and after LDL-A with DS columns in 7 homozygous and 11 heterozygous FH patients. A crossover study between the two column types was performed. The profiles of PCSK9s were analyzed after fractionation by gel filtration chromatography. Immunoprecipitation of apolipoprotein B (apoB) in FH plasma was performed. Results: Both mature and furin-cleaved PCSK9s were significantly decreased by 55–56% in FH homozygotes after a single LDL-A treatment with DS columns, and by 46–48% or 48–56% in FH heterozygotes after treatment with DS or DM columns. The reduction ratios of LDL-C were strongly correlated with that of PCSK9 in both FH homozygotes and heterozygotes. In addition, more than 80% of plasma PCSK9s were in the apoB-deficient fraction and a significant portion of mature PCSK9 was bound to apoB, as shown by immunoprecipitation. Conclusions: Both mature and furin-cleaved PCSK9s were removed by LDL-A in homozygous and heterozygous FH either by binding to apoB or by other mechanisms. The ELISA method to measure both forms of plasma PCSK9 would be useful for investigating physiological or pathological roles of PCSK9.

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Wolf, F., K. Pawelzik, O. Scherf, T. Geisel, and S. Löwel. "How can squint change the spacing of ocular dominance columns?" Journal of Physiology-Paris 94, no. 5-6 (December 2000): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4257(00)01104-9.

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Gellekink, Henkjan, Dinny van Oppenraaij-Emmerzaal, Arno van Rooij, Eduard A. Struys, Martin den Heijer, and Henk J. Blom. "Stable-Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Injection Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Fast, Selective Measurement of S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine in Plasma." Clinical Chemistry 51, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.046995.

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Abstract Background: It has been postulated that changes in S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), a potent inhibitor of transmethylation, provide a mechanism by which increased homocysteine causes its detrimental effects. We aimed to develop a rapid and sensitive method to measure AdoHcy and its precursor S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). Methods: We used stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography–electrospray injection tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) to measure AdoMet and AdoHcy in plasma. Acetic acid was added to prevent AdoMet degradation. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns containing phenylboronic acid were used to bind AdoMet, AdoHcy, and their internal standards and for sample cleanup. An HPLC C18 column directly coupled to the LC-MS/MS was used for separation and detection. Results: In plasma samples, the interassay CVs for AdoMet and AdoHcy were 3.9% and 8.3%, and the intraassay CVs were 4.2% and 6.7%, respectively. Mean recoveries were 94.5% for AdoMet and 96.8% for AdoHcy. The quantification limits were 2.0 and 1.0 nmol/L for AdoMet and AdoHcy, respectively. Immediate acidification of the plasma samples with acetic acid prevented the observed AdoMet degradation. In a group of controls (mean plasma total Hcy, 11.2 μmol/L), plasma AdoMet and AdoHcy were 94.5 and 12.3 nmol/L, respectively. Conclusions: Stable-isotope dilution LC-ESI-MS/MS allows sensitive and rapid measurement of AdoMet and AdoHcy. The SPE columns enable simple cleanup, and no metabolite derivatization is needed. The instability of AdoMet is a serious problem and can be prevented easily by immediate acidification of samples.

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Tuszewicki, Marek. "Giving Tshuve to the sick: correspondence columns of the Yiddish medical press in Poland." Science in Context 32, no. 1 (March 2019): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889719000024.

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ArgumentSeveral Yiddish medical publications of various profiles appeared in independent Poland until 1939. These print media were associated with OZE and TOZ organizational structures and aimed to promote modern concepts of health and healthcare among the Jewish population in its native tongue. Some of these magazines offered space for direct consultations, which took the form of a correspondence corner. Questions sent in by readers ranged from apparently neutral topics, such as a healthy diet or hygiene, to controversial matters tormenting individuals in provincial milieus. The correspondence gives us an insight into popular ways of thinking about health and disease and indicates issues of high importance for a society in the process of modernization. The present paper discusses the questions and answers as they appeared in the Yiddish medical press (particularly in the Folksgezunt and Der Doktor), and presents the most crucial aspects of Jewish life they shed light on, including the historical and cultural background.

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Herold, C. D., K. Andree, D. A. Herold, and R. A. Felder. "Robotic chromatography: development and evaluation of automated instrumentation for assay of glycohemoglobin." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.1.143.

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Abstract The measurement of glycohemoglobin (GHb) by boronate affinity chromatography is useful in monitoring long-term glucose control in diabetic subjects. The inherent disadvantage of this method is the hands-on time required because the hemoglobin fractions are separated on individual disposable columns. To overcome this disadvantage, we have programmed a Hamilton Microlab 2200 automated pipetting cartesian robot to complete the procedure, from the aspiration of blood from the sample-collection tube to the transfer of the separated hemoglobin fractions to a microtiter plate for absorbance measurement. This automated robotic system can analyze 96 specimens, including patients' samples and control material, in approximately 3 h. The precision (CV) of the method ranged from 1.6% to 3.5% within-run and from 2.7% to 3.5% day-to-day. The results correlated with those obtained with the Accuflex semiautomated robot, which used the identical disposable column, and those obtained with a Primus high-performance liquid chromatograph, which used a regenerated microparticle column. Automation of the GHb procedure allowed improved throughput, reduced labor cost, improved precision, and offered greater laboratory safety.

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McBride, J. H., D. O. Rodgerson, S. S. Park, and A. F. Reyes. "Rapid liquid-chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of plasma prednisone, prednisolone, and cortisol in pediatric renal-transplant recipients." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.5.643.

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Abstract A rapid liquid-chromatographic method is described for simultaneously determining prednisone, prednisolone, and cortisol in plasma. Before chromatography, samples containing an internal standard (methylprednisolone) were extracted with use of Chem Elut (Analytichem) columns. After elution of the glucocorticosteroids, the eluates were dried and reconstituted in a mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran/water (25/75 by vol). Samples were injected onto a reversed-phase C18 column, and analysis time was 15.5 min. Measures of analytical performance were all acceptable, and the method was used to assess noncompliance in pediatric renal-transplant recipients who were receiving prednisone and cyclosporine. Of the 37 pediatric patients tested, five (13.5%) were identified as noncompliant. The method is simple, accurate, and precise, and other steroids and medications commonly given to transplant recipients do not interfere with it.

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Uygun, Zihni Onur, Burcu Okutucu, Şükriye Hacikara, and Ferhan Sağın. "Development of molecularly imprinted Acrylamide-Acrylamido phenylboronic acid copolymer microbeads for selective glycosaminoglycan separation in children urine." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 44, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2018-0413.

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Abstract Background In this study, we synthesized molecularly imprinted copolymers for liquid chromatography columns as a separator for glycosaminoglycan (dermatan sulfate; DS and chondroitin sulfate; CS) in urine. Materials and methods Acrylamide and acrylamido phenylboronic acid were used as monomers, acrylamide was used for as base monomer to attract negatively charged groups and acrylamido phenylboronic acid (AAPBA) residues used to form diol bonds between sugar and boronic acid residues to strengthen the attraction. These monomers were synthesized by using precipitation polymerization to form uniform spheres, which are more durable for the pressurized chromatographic systems. Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and AIBN were used as crosslinker and starter, respectively. Results These GAG selective polymers were filled by pressurized flow into the steel (4.6 mm × 1.6 mm) columns, then imprinted GAGs were extracted and analyzed to calculate binding capacity of each milligram polymer. Calibration curves of the GAG selective columns were obtained 62.5–1000 ng/mL less than 5% coefficient variation, and lower matrix effect. Conclusion Our imprinted columns separated different GAGs from urine specifically and sensitively. Matrix effect was at an ignorable level thus the challenging use.

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Chung, J. W., M. Breulmann, A. Clemens, C. Fühner, J. W. Foppen, and P. N. L. Lens. "Simultaneous removal of rotavirus and adenovirus from artificial ground water using hydrochar derived from swine feces." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 5 (May 26, 2016): 754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.010.

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Hydrothermal carbonization technology can convert fecal waste into a valuable carbonaceous product referred to as hydrochar. We investigated the potential of fecal waste-derived hydrochar as an adsorbent for virus removal in water treatment. Swine feces was hydrothermally treated under two conditions: at 180 °C for 2 h and 230 °C for 7 h. The resulting solid products (hydrochar) were evaluated as virus adsorbents in water treatment. Simultaneous removal of pathogenic rotavirus (RV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) was investigated using a sand column set-up of 10 cm bed height with and without hydrochar supplement (1.5%, w/w). The removal efficiency of both viruses in a hydrochar-amended column was >3 log (complete removal). The amount of virus released in deionized water when flushed into the virus-retaining columns indicated that the secondary energy minimum played a more important role in RV retention than that of HAdV. Zeta-potential and hydrophobicity measurements on hydrochar materials indicated that the improved virus removal performance of hydrochar-amended columns was induced by the provision of extra hydrophobic surfaces. This study provides evidence that fecal waste-derived hydrochar can be used as a competent virus adsorbent.

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Hallett, Christine. "Russian Romances: Emotionalism and Spirituality in the Writings of “Eastern Front” Nurses, 1914–1918." Nursing History Review 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.17.101.

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The nursing work of the First World War is usually associated with the trench warfare of the Western Front. Nurses were based within fairly permanent casualty clearing stations and field hospitals, and patients were moved “down the line” to base hospitals, and then to convalescent hospitals “at home.” The nurses and volunteers who worked on the Eastern Front and offered their services to the letuchka or “flying columns” of the Russian medical services had a very different experience. They worked with highly mobile units, following a rapidly moving “front line.” The diaries of three British (one Anglo-Russian) nurses who worked alongside Russian nursing sisterhoods in three different flying columns—Violetta Thurstan (Field Hospital and Flying Column), Florence Farmborough (With the Armies of the Tsar) and Mary Britnieva (One Woman’s Story)—stand as an important corpus of nursing writing. Written in a highly romantic style, they take up similar themes around their work on the Eastern Front as a heroic journey through a dreamlike landscape. Each nurse offers a portrayal of the Russian character as fine and noble. The most important themes deal with the romance of nursing itself, in which nursing work is portrayed as both character-testing and a highly spiritual pursuit.

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Pinkart, Holly C., Richard Devereux, and Peter J. Chapman. "Rapid separation of microbial lipids using solid phase extraction columns." Journal of Microbiological Methods 34, no. 1 (September 1998): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(98)00060-8.

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Shen, Qian, and Yating Tao. "Stance markers in English medical research articles and newspaper opinion columns: A comparative corpus-based study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): e0247981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247981.

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Stance markers are critical linguistic devices for writers to convey their personal attitudes, judgments or assessments about the proposition of certain messages. Following Hyland’s framework of stance, this study investigated the distribution of stance markers in two different genres: medical research articles (medical RA) and newspaper opinion columns (newspaper OC). The corpus constructed for the investigation includes 52 medical research articles and 175 newspaper opinion articles, which were both written in English and published from January to April in 2020 with the topic focusing on COVID-19. The findings of this study demonstrated that the occurrences of stance markers in newspaper OC were far more frequent than those in medical RA, indicating the different conventions of these two genres. Despite the significant difference in the occurrences of stance markers between the two sub-corpora, similarities of the most frequent stance markers in two genres were also highlighted. The study indicated that the topic content seems to play an important role in shaping the way of how writers construct their stance. The lack of information or evidence on the topic of COVID-19 could restrain writers from making high degree of commitment to their claims, which make them adopt a more tentative stance to qualify their statements.

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Kozma, Liat. "SEXOLOGY IN THE YISHUV: THE RISE AND DECLINE OF SEXUAL CONSULTATION IN TEL AVIV, 1930–39." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 2 (April 13, 2010): 249a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743810000346.

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This article examines the assimilation of sexology and sexual reform in the Yishuv of the 1930s. Prominent German sexologists visited Palestine, texts they authored were translated to Hebrew and Yiddish, and members of the Yishuv community traveled to central Europe to learn sexual-reform ideas. In 1931 and 1932, three consultation centers were opened in Tel Aviv, accompanied by Q&A columns in the general and medical press. In these centers and columns, men and women consulted medical doctors on contraception, impotence, abortions, and the everyday of heterosexual life. This short-lived experience was inspired by similar European experiences, especially in Weimar Germany and Bolshevik Russia. The 1930s discourse on sexuality was sometimes compatible with mainstream Zionist ideology and sometimes at odds with it. It came to an end during the last years of the decade, following the Arab Revolt, the Holocaust, and the demographic struggle over Palestine.

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Chen, Hui, Xueliang Cui, Binbin Ma, Yunfeng Rui, and He Li. "Staged procedure protocol based on the four-column concept in the treatment of AO/OTA type 43-C3.3 pilon fractures." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 2045–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519836512.

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Objective We herein introduce a staged management protocol for AO/OTA type 43-C3.3 pilon fractures based on the four-column theory designed to protect the soft tissue. Methods Twenty-three patients with 25 type C3.3 pilon fractures underwent a staged procedure with four-column osteosynthesis from April 2014 to December 2016. The first stage involved immediate calcaneal traction or external fixation to span the ankle joint. When the soft tissue swelling decreased, the posterolateral approach was used to restore the lateral column and initially fix the posterior column. After 10 to 12 days, the third stage involved treatment of the anterior and medial columns through the anterior approach. Charts and radiographs were reviewed, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) evaluation system was used to evaluate the postoperative outcomes. Results All fractures achieved union after a mean of 3.3 months (range, 2.0–5.7 months) after the third stage. A good or acceptable reduction rate was observed in 85.7% of the patients. Results from the AOFAS evaluation system indicated excellent or good postoperative ankle function in 81.0% of the patients. Conclusion This staged procedure protocol combined with the four-column theory is a feasible way to protect the soft tissue and reduce the fracture.

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Pavlik, E. J., K. Nelson, J. R. van Nagell, J. C. Robinson, M. B. Hanson, E. S. Donaldson, R. C. Flanigan, and D. E. Kenady. "Steroid receptor analysis by size-exclusion liquid chromatography: considerations for the clinical laboratory." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.4.537.

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Abstract Steroid receptor activity can be more quickly estimated by size-exclusion chromatography than by conventional analysis on sucrose gradients, and profiles of receptor activity are better resolved. Here we discuss several factors affecting this form of analysis in clinical laboratories. The composition of the elution buffer influences steroid receptor elution and recovery: high ionic strength, neutral pH, and the presence of dimethylformamide are important. Of the TSK-SW (Beckman) size-exclusion chromatographic columns we considered, the TSK-G2000SW column appeared to be the most appropriate. "Reference" elution profiles are presented for several marker proteins and estrogen receptor forms generated under different sample-treatment conditions. In examining the sensitivity of receptor analyses by this method, we used fresh rodent preparations, a commercial receptor reference (Estrocept), and human tumor material obtained by needle biopsy. We also compared frozen and lyophilized receptor preparations with fresh ones.

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Mercer, D., M. Tang, I. R. Marino, A. Demetris, J. Fung, T. Starzl, and V. Warty. "Changes in biliary (high-molecular-mass) and liver isoforms of alkaline phosphatase after baboon-to-human liver transplantation." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.7.1335.

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Abstract We report a case of hyperphosphatasemia in a 35-year-old patient with hepatitis B who underwent an orthotopic xenogeneic liver transplant. Marked increases in total alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) activity began 5 days posttransplantation (six times human normal) and increased to approximately 17 times normal at day 11. Increased ALP persisted for > 40 days and steadily increased to 75 times normal in the patient's last 30 days. Gel electrophoresis detected both liver (LALP) and biliary (high-molecular-mass, BALP) isoforms. LALP measured with ion-exchange columns revealed an activity time course pattern similar to that of total ALP. Results for BALP activity also obtained with ion-exchange columns exhibited broad variability, ranging from 2 to 428 times normal.

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Murthy, J. N., Y. Chen, V. S. Warty, R. Venkataramanan, J. G. Donnelly, A. Zeevi, and S. J. Soldin. "Radioreceptor Assay for Quantifying FK-506 Immunosuppressant in Whole Blood." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.7.1307.

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Abstract We describe a quantitative radioreceptor assay (RRA) for quantifying FK-506 in whole blood. FK-506 extracted from whole blood with a cyclohexyl-sorbent column competes with [3H]dihydro-FK-506 for binding to a partially purified preparation of FK-506 binding protein (FK-BP). Free and protein-bound FK-506 are separated on LH 20 Sephadex chromatographic columns. We compared the results of this method with those of an enzyme immunoassay that uses a monoclonal antibody: r = 0.97, Sy/x = 0.039. Between-day precisions (CV) at FK-506 concentrations of 8 and 17 micrograms/L were 9.2% and 8.2%, respectively. Within-run precisions were 5.9%, 8.1%, and 9.4%, respectively, at 4, 8, and 15 micrograms/L. Analytical recovery, evaluated at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 micrograms/L for FK-506 added to whole blood, ranged from 98% to 103%. The assay can reliably quantify FK-506 blood concentrations between 1.0 and 25 micrograms/L.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical Columns'

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