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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Medical economics – United States

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Academic literature on the topic 'Medical economics – United States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Medical economics – United States"

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Gimbel, Ronald W., Christy J. W. Ledford, and Mark B. Stephens. "Medical Education in the United States." Social Marketing Quarterly 18, no. 4 (November 8, 2012): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500412466074.

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Social marketing has a long and robust history in health education and public health. Social marketing strategies are designed to promote desired behaviors in high-priority health-related areas. Most prior initiatives have utilized an “orientation to consumer needs” in program design and delivery. Traditional social marketing campaigns have targeted patients or specific segments of the public, rather than physicians and other healthcare providers, to deliver health-related messages. This commentary explores an emerging opportunity for the social marketing and medical education communities to collaborate and influence social change of medical students, interns, and residents – an “undiscovered” but influential consumer market. The authors offer a primer on the medical education environment as it relates to social marketing strategies for healthcare providers. Key themes and emerging needs in medical education are outlined. In particular, four major areas for collaboration with the social marketing community are highlighted. These include: emphasis on social accountability, use of technology in education and medical practice, alignment with changes in health care delivery, and future directions in the health care workforce. In addition, four practical strategies for meaningful collaborations between medical education and social marketing leadership are presented. The medical education environment is an ideal platform for social marketing techniques to influence the behavior of developing physicians.

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Stock, Wendy A. "Trends in Economics and Other Undergraduate Majors." American Economic Review 107, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171067.

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Although economics' share of Bachelor's degrees awarded in the United States has been flat for over a decade, its share of second majors is growing. This paper documents trends and correlations in disciplines' shares of first and second majors for Bachelor's degrees conferred in the United States during 2001-2014. First majors in math, engineering, computer science, and technology and in the life and medical sciences (now the modal major among female students) are complements to second majors in economics. Encouraging double majoring in economics among students in these disciplines could grow and diversify the economics discipline while also benefiting graduates.

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Dewar, Diane M. "Medical Technology in the United States and Canada: Where Are We Going?" Review of Social Economy 55, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00346769700000005.

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Cutler, David M., and Dan P. Ly. "The (Paper)Work of Medicine: Understanding International Medical Costs." Journal of Economic Perspectives 25, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.2.3.

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This paper draws on international evidence on medical spending to examine what the United States can learn about making its healthcare system more efficient. We focus primarily on understanding contemporaneous differences in the level of spending, generally from the 2000s. Medical spending differs across countries either because the price of services differs (for example, a coronary bypass surgery operation may cost more in the United States than in other countries) or because people receive more services in some countries than in others (for example, more bypass surgery operations). Within the price category, there are two further issues: whether factors earn different returns across countries and whether more clinical or administrative personnel are required to deliver the same care in different countries. We first present the results of a decomposition of healthcare spending along these lines in the United States and in Canada. We then delve into each component in more detail—administrative costs, factor prices, and the provision of care received—bringing in a broader range of international evidence when possible. Finally, we touch upon the organization of primary and chronic disease care and discuss possible gains in that area.

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Banks, James, Richard Blundell, Peter Levell, and James P. Smith. "Life-Cycle Consumption Patterns at Older Ages in the United States and the United Kingdom: Can Medical Expenditures Explain the Difference?" American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170182.

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This paper documents significantly steeper declines in nondurable expenditures at older ages in the United Kingdom compared to the United States, in spite of income paths being similar. Several possible causes are explored, including different employment paths, housing ownership and expenses, levels and paths of health status, number of household members, and out-of-pocket medical expenditures. Among all the potential explanations considered, those relating to levels and age paths in medical expenses and medical expenditure risk— can fully account for the steeper declines in nondurable consumption in the United Kingdom compared to the United States. (JEL D14, D15, I11, J14)

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Persad, Govind C., Linden Elder, Laura Sedig, Leonardo Flores, and Ezekiel J. Emanuel. "The Current State of Medical School Education in Bioethics, Health Law, and Health Economics." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 1 (2008): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00240.x.

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The standards for medical education in the United States now go above and beyond traditional basic science and clinical subjects. Bioethics, health law, and health economics are recognized as important parts of translating physicians’ technical competence in medicine into effective research, administration, and medical care for patients. The Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), which establishes certification requirements for medical schools, requires all medical schools to include bioethics in their curricula. Furthermore, issues such as the growth of genetic testing, end-of-life decision making for a burgeoning elderly population, confidentiality in the era of electronic medical records, and allocation of scarce medical resources make bioethics training clearly necessary for physicians. Although 16 percent of the United States GDP is devoted to health care, the LCME does not currently mandate training in health law or health economics. Furthermore, as the Schiavo case and HIPAA remind us, legal directives influence medical practice in areas such as billing, confidentiality, and end-of-life care.

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Johnson, Tricia J., Jaymie S. Youngquist, Andy N. Garman, Samuel Hohmann, and Paola R. Cieslak. "Factors influencing medical travel into the United States." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-02-2013-0004.

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Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the potential of 24 country-level measures for predicting the number of outbound international medical travelers into the USA, including health and healthcare system, economic, social and diplomatic and travel pattern factors. Medical travel is recognized as a growing global market and is an important subject of inquiry for US academic medical centers, hospitals and policy makers. Few data-driven studies exist to shed light on efficient and effective strategies for attracting international medical travelers. Design/methodology/approach – This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of the 194 member and/or observer countries of the United Nations. Data for medical traveler volume into the USA between 2008 and 2010 were obtained from the USA Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, Survey of International Air Travelers. Data on country-level factors were collected from publicly available databases, including the United Nations, World Bank and World Health Organization. Linear regression models with a negative binomial distribution and log link function were fit to test the association between each independent variable and the number of inbound medical travelers to the USA. Findings – Seven of the 24 country-level factors were significantly associated with the number of outbound medical travelers to the USA These factors included imports as a per cent of gross domestic product, trade in services as a per cent of gross domestic product, per cent of population living in urban areas, life expectancy, childhood mortality, incidence of tuberculosis and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus. Practical implications – Results of this model provide evidence for a data-driven approach to strategic outreach and business development for hospitals and policy makers for attracting international patients to the USA for medical care. Originality/value – The model developed in this paper can assist US hospitals in promoting their services to international patients as well as national efforts in identifying “high potential” medical travel markets. Other countries could also adapt this methodology for targeting the international patient market.

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Xu, Xiao, Stephen J. Spurr, Bin Nan, and A. Mark Fendrick. "The effect of medical malpractice liability on rate of referrals received by specialist physicians." Health Economics, Policy and Law 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2013): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133113000157.

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AbstractUsing nationally representative data from the United States, this paper analyzed the effect of a state's medical malpractice environment on referral visits received by specialist physicians. The analytic sample included 12,839 ambulatory visits to specialist care doctors in office-based settings in the United States during 2003–2007. Whether the patient was referred for the visit was examined for its association with the state's malpractice environment, assessed by the frequency and severity of paid medical malpractice claims, medical malpractice insurance premiums and an indicator for whether the state had a cap on non-economic damages. After accounting for potential confounders such as economic or professional incentives within practices, the analysis showed that statutory caps on non-economic damages of $250,000 were significantly associated with lower likelihood of a specialist receiving referrals, suggesting a potential impact of a state's medical malpractice environment on physicians’ referral behavior.

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Hay, I. "Place, Power, and Medical Liability Insurance in the United States." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 5 (May 1992): 645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240645.

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Following the Western world's economic ‘crisis’ of the early 1970s and the related medical liability insurance calamity in the United States, new spatial and organizational arrangements emerged in the US medical malpractice insurance market. Reorganization gave a major London-based reinsurer—Lloyd's—a great deal of potential influence over the politically powerful US medical profession. At the same time as the prospects of control over medicine and law were being concentrated in London, Lloyd's was confronting immense financial difficulties arising from asbestos-related liability claims in the United States. Through the political influence derived from their economic connection with US physicians and malpractice insurers, Lloyd's seems to have been able to encourage US tort law reforms which minimize its profit-seeking underwriting members' exposure to asbestos-related and medical liability-related claims.

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Baker-Goering, Madeleine, Kakoli Roy, Chris Edens, and Sarah Collier. "Economic Burden of Legionnaires’ Disease, United States, 2014." Emerging Infectious Diseases 27, no. 1 (January 2021): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2701.191198.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical economics – United States"

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Balzer-Carr, Alexander. "United States healthcare the need for a more comprehensive approach /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1442.

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Staines, Amber Irene. "The Effect of Medical Care on Infant Mortality in the United States in the Early 20th Century." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438190193.

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Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1079.

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Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.

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Drymoussis, Michael. "Globalisation and commercialisation of healthcare services : with reference to the United States and United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61483/.

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The thesis seeks to interrogate historically the relationship between multinational healthcare service companies and states in the pursuit of market-oriented reforms for healthcare. It constitutes a critical reading of the idea of globalisation as a concept with substantive explanatory value to analyse the causal role of multinational service firms in a commercial transformation in national healthcare service sectors. It analyses the development and expansion of commercial (for-profit) healthcare service provision and financing in the healthcare systems of OECD countries. The hospital and health insurance sectors in the US and UK are analysed as case studies towards developing this critical reading from a more specific national setting. The thesis contributes to developing a framework for analysing the emergence of an international market for trade in healthcare services, which is a recently emerging area of research in the social sciences. As such, it uses an interdisciplinary approach, utilising insights from health policy and international political economy. The research entails a longitudinal study of secondary and primary sources of qualitative data broadly covering the period 1975-2005. I have also made extensive use of quantitative data to illustrate key economic trends that are relevant to the changes in the particular healthcare services sectors analysed. The research finds a substantive shift in the mixed economy of healthcare in which commercial healthcare service provision and financing are increasing. However, while the internationalisation of healthcare service firms is a key element in helping to drive some of this change, the changes are ultimately highly dependent on state-level decision making and regulation. In this context, the thesis argues that globalisation presents an inadequate and potentially misleading conceptual framework for analysing these changes without a historical grounding in the particular developments of national and international markets for healthcare services.

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Dutto, Shannon Marina. "The economic determinants of the rising costs of health care in the United States." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30544.

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Lavelle, Tara. "Examining Health and Economic Outcomes Associated with Pediatric Medical Conditions in the United States." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10450.

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The objective of this dissertation is to estimate the health and economic outcomes associated with two prominent child health conditions: autism spectrum disorder and influenza illness. Chapter 1 derives utility values associated with the health of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents. Our findings suggest that ASD has a large impact on the health-related quality of life of children and their caregivers, and that this impact is influenced by both the child’s specific diagnosis and the severity of their core social communication and repetitive behavior symptoms. Chapter 2 estimates the annual incremental costs associated with caring for a child with ASD from the societal perspective. Our findings suggest that there is a large economic burden both in terms of formal costs (healthcare, school and other direct costs of care) as well as the informal time costs of caregiving. Specifically, the societal costs of caring for this population amounted to $9.1 billion in 2011 alone, highlighting the tremendous financial challenges our society faces in meeting the needs of children with ASD. Chapter 3 uses a decision analytic model to evaluate 1-year clinical and economic outcomes associated with oseltamivir treatment for seasonal influenza in children, and considers the impact of oseltamivir resistance on these findings. Our results indicate that for unvaccinated children who present to their physician’s office with influenza-like symptoms, empiric antiviral treatment with oseltamivir appears to be a cost-effective treatment option. This is particularly true for ill children aged 1 to 12 years, but results are dependent on the prevalence of circulating seasonal influenza viruses that are resistant to oseltamivir.

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Austin, Raymond Edwin. "The changing political economy of hospitals: the emergence of the "business model" hospital." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54762.

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The hospital industry is now in a major transitional phase which is substantially changing its operational values and organizational forms. This transition was triggered primarily by a crisis brought on by rapidly escalating costs. Many forces centering on the cost containment theme are now forging new political and economic operating rules for health care providers. Collectively these forces are bringing about decisive changes in the quality, quantity and structure of health care delivery systems. The result has been the emergence of a new pattern of hospital organization and administration, described here as the business model hospital. This model is driven by incentives and performance criteria wholly different from those of traditional community hospitals. This research describes this new political economy of health care and identifies, via analysis of field interviews, the crucial issues faced by hospital administrators today and specific actions they are taking to adapt to their new environment. The emergence of the business model hospital has many positive attributes but could have adverse consequences for the broader public interest. Emerging public policy issues are discussed and recommendations are made as to how public policy makers may deal with these issues. These recommendations focus on retaining the major benefits of the business hospital model while preserving useful aspects of the community hospital framework.
Ph. D.

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Qureshi, Zaina Parvez. "Market Discontinuation of Pharmaceuticals in the United States." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250572741.

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Yeung, Ka-lam Karen, and 楊嘉琳. "A comparison of the early stages of health care voucher schemes in United States and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46943936.

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Walts, Lynn Maddox Walker George M. "Patient classification system : an integrated method for measuring nursing intensity and optimizing resource allocation /." See options below, 1992. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=745208811&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=68716&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Medical economics – United States"

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National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.). Health, United States, 1995. Hyattsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics, 1996.

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Health care economics. 5th ed. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, 1998.

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Health care economics. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1988.

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Health care economics. 4th ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1993.

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Health care policy in the United States. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.

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Greenwald, Howard P. Health care in the United States: Organization, management, and policy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010.

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A political economy of medicine: Great Britain and the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

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Drummond, Alison. Health care reforms in the United States: Initiatives at the state level. Toronto: Ontario Legislative Library, Legislative Research Service, 1995.

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Albright, James A. Health care in the United States: What we should keep and what we should change. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University, 1994.

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The economics of U.S. health care policy: The role of market forces. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medical economics – United States"

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Ruseski, Jane E., and Negar Razavilar. "United States." In Sports Economics, Management and Policy, 311–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8905-4_23.

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Farr, Jeffrey R., and B. Christine Green. "United States." In Sports Economics, Management and Policy, 291–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02354-6_25.

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Holmstrom, Amy. "United States Medical Licensing Examination." In The American Health Care System, 15–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67594-7_4.

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Carlton, Dennis W., and Jeffrey M. Perloff. "Merger Analysis (United States)." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2242-1.

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Carlton, Dennis W., and Jeffrey M. Perloff. "Merger Analysis (United States)." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 8693–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2242.

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Tohid, Hassaan, and Steven R. Daugherty. "Medical Ethics and International Medical Graduates." In International Medical Graduates in the United States, 265–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62249-7_17.

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Gehan, Edmund A., and Noreen A. Lemak. "Clinical Trials in the United States." In Statistics in Medical Research, 129–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2518-9_5.

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Bodvarsson, Örn B., and Hendrik Van den Berg. "Hispanic Immigration to the United States." In The Economics of Immigration, 315–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77796-0_12.

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Bodvarsson, Örn B., and Hendrik Van den Berg. "Immigration Policy in the United States." In The Economics of Immigration, 349–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77796-0_13.

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Steen, R. Grant. "Increasing IQ in the United States." In Human Intelligence and Medical Illness, 149–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0092-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Medical economics – United States"

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Alamdari, Nasim, Nicholas MacKinnon, Fartash Vasefi, Reza Fazel-Rezai, Minhal Alhashim, Alireza Akhbardeh, Daniel L. Farkas, and Kouhyar Tavakolian. "Effect of Lesion Segmentation in Melanoma Diagnosis for a Mobile Health Application." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3522.

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In 2016, more than 76,380 new melanoma cases were diagnosed and 10,130 people were expected to die from skin cancer in the United States (one death per hour) [1]. A recent study demonstrates that the economic burden of skin cancer treatment is substantial and, in the United States, the cost was increased from $3.6 billion in 2002–2006 to $8.1 billion in 2007–2011 [2]. Monitoring moderate and high-risk patients and identifying melanoma in the earliest stage of disease should save lives and greatly diminish the cost of treatment. In this project, we are focused on detection and monitoring of new potential melanoma sites with medium/high risk patients. We believe those patients have a serious need and they need to be motivated to be engaged in their treatment plan. High-risk patients are more likely to be engaged with their skin health and their health care providers (physicians). Considering the high morbidity and mortality of melanoma, these patients are motivated to spend money on low-cost mobile device technology, either from their own pocket or through their health care provider if it helps reduce their risk with early detection and treatment. We believe that there is a role for mobile device imaging tools in the management of melanoma risk, if they are based on clinically validated technology that supports the existing needs of patients and the health care system. In a study issued in the British Journal of Dermatology [2] of 39 melanoma apps [2], five requested to do risk assessment, while nine mentioned images for expert review. The rest fell into the documentation and education categories. This seems like to be reliable with other dermatology apps available on the market. In a study at University of Pittsburgh [3], Ferris et al. established 4 apps with 188 clinically validated skin lesions images. From images, 60 of them were melanomas. Three of four apps tested misclassified +30% of melanomas as benign. The fourth app was more accurate and it depended on dermatologist interpretation. These results raise questions about proper use of smartphones in diagnosis and treatment of the patients and how dermatologists can effectively involve with these tools. In this study, we used a MATLAB (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA) based image processing algorithm that uses an RGB color dermoscopy image as an input and classifies malignant melanoma versus benign lesions based on prior training data using the AdaBoost classifier [5]. We compared the classifier accuracy when lesion boundaries are detected using supervised and unsupervised segmentation. We have found that improving the lesion boundary detection accuracy provides significant improvement on melanoma classification outcome in the patient data.

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Folz, Alexander J., and Joseph M. Schimmels. "Design of a Passive Ankle Prosthesis With Energy Return That Increases With Increasing Walking Velocity." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3517.

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An estimated 623,000 individuals are living with a major lower leg amputation in the United States [1]. Of these amputations, 78% were due to peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and 45% were due to PVD in individuals with type I or II diabetes [2]. With diabetes and PVD incidence levels on the rise [1] and those in a depressed socio-economic situation more susceptible to develop type II diabetes [3], the demand for affordable, high quality ankle prostheses has never been higher. Prostheses currently available on the market include both passive and active devices, neither of which fully satisfies user requirements. Passive prostheses, the more commonly prescribed style, are economically priced but lack the powered push-off observed in a natural ankle [4] due to the absence of an actuator. As a result, passive prostheses cause a multitude of quality of life detriments to the end user including asymmetrical gait (for unilateral amputees), slower self-selected walking speeds, higher metabolic cost per distance traveled and increased pain in the residual limb [5–6]. Conversely, active devices can nearly match the functionality and powered push-off of a natural ankle [7] but are cost prohibitive. Among active devices, one of the most successful models is the BiOM. Initially developed at MIT, the BiOM uses an actuator in series with a spring to achieve near natural ankle behavior. In 2013, two years after the product’s official launch, the device cost approximately $50,000 and had only sold about 1,000 units [7]. The limitations of currently available ankle prostheses motivates work on a new solution, the EaSY-Walk (Early Stance Y-deflection), a passive ankle device that mimics several key aspects of a natural ankle joint, especially nonlinear rotational stiffness and rotational work output (powered push-off) that increases with walking velocity while remaining relatively inexpensive.

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TASMAN, ALLAN. "UNITED STATES MEDICAL STUDENT EDUCATION IN PSYCHOTHERAPY." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0246.

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Biglarbigi, Khosrow, Anton Dammer, Hitesh Mohan, and Marshall John Carolus. "Economics of Oil Shale Development in the United States." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/116560-ms.

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Pierce, William H., and Richard M. Ziernicki. "Engineering a Pool Ladder to Prevent Drownings in Above-Ground Pools." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87875.

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In the United States, approximately 44 children under the age of five years old drown each year after gaining unauthorized access to above-ground pools via pool ladders. Approximately 704 additional children sustain submersion-related injuries after gaining unauthorized access to above-ground pools via pool ladders. In many cases, these events occurred during brief lapses of adult supervision. The societal cost associated with these deaths and injuries ranges from 134 to 342 million dollars per year. In addition to societal costs, there is also a significant loss in quality of life for near-drowning victims and their families. Since the 1960’s, several medical studies have been published that discuss children under the age of five accessing above-ground pools and drowning. Several of these medical studies propose solutions to reduce the likelihood of drowning. Despite the proposed solutions in these studies, the rate of such drownings in above-ground pools has not decreased. However, the medical studies do not address how proper and safe engineering design of pool ladders can and should be used to prevent such occurrences. This paper adds engineering science to these medical studies by including safety engineering principles that can be used to prevent young children from gaining unauthorized access to above-ground pools via pool ladders. Specifically, this paper addresses, hazard and risk assessment, passive safety systems that can be added to pool ladders to prevent drowning incidences, and the economic and technological feasibility of such passive safety systems. This paper shows that the benefits associated with the reduction in societal costs of drowning or near-drowning outweigh the cost of adding passive safety systems to pool ladders.

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Ge, Cheng. "Study of cigarette sales in the United States." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Education Technology (ICEMEET 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemeet-16.2017.110.

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Yabroff, K. Robin. "Abstract IA46: Medical financial hardship in the United States." In Abstracts: Eleventh AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 2-5, 2018; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-ia46.

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Cripps, Dale E. "Current HDTV overview in the United States, Japan, and Europe." In Medical Imaging '91, San Jose, CA, edited by Harry M. Assenheim, Richard A. Flasck, Thomas M. Lippert, and Jerry Bentz. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.45420.

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Kol, Emre. "Dimensions of Health Tourism in Turkey." In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmf.2019.11.767.

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Recently, many people in various countries have preferred private healthcare organizations in Turkey for treatment. The most important reason for this situation is that medical operations performed with modern techniques in source countries are also performed in Turkey and at affordable prices. Because of the low cost, high quality, and technology standards, foreign patients prefer Turkish health institutions in almost every field such as plastic and aesthetic surgery, hair transplantation, eye surgery, in vitro fertilization, open-heart surgery, dermatological diseases, checkups, cancer treatments, otorhinolaryngology, dialysis, cardiovascular surgery, gynecology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, dentistry, spa, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation. The 2013 report of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) states that the number of international patients in Turkey has increased in recent years but is still behind the numbers of patients traveling for treatment purposes around the world. Important achievements, particularly in the fields of transplantation, genetic testing, eye surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, plastic surgery, and dentistry, bring Turkey to the forefront of health tourism. This study emphasizes the economic dimensions of health tourism by discussing the improvement of health tourism in Turkey. Advantages, disadvantages, and future opportunities for health tourism in Turkey are examined in terms of diversification of the country’s tourism, economic dimensions, and alternative tourism opportunities. In this context, the study mentions the notion of health tourism, boosting health tourism around the world and in Turkey, and the place and economic dimension of Turkey within world health tourism.

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Nerem. "Medical And Biological Engineering: Research Strategies In The United States." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.593770.

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Reports on the topic "Medical economics – United States"

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Nordhaus, William. The Economics of Hurricanes in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12813.

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Graham, R. L., M. E. Walsh, E. Lichtenberg, V. O. Roningen, and H. Shapouri. The economics of biomass production in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/219271.

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Butry, David T., David Webb, Stanley Gilbert, and Jennifer Taylor. The economics of firefighter injuries in the United States. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2078.

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Ritchey, Heather I., and Jeffrey B. Schamburg. United States Army Medical Materiel Center Europe: Organizational Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426780.

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Miller, John, Steve Clement, Clyde Hoskins, and Howard Schloss. United States Army Medical Department Reorganization. Volume 1 - Narrative. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada296647.

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Lewis, George E., and Jr. United States Army Medical Materiel Development Activity. 1994 Annual Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294584.

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Lewis, George E., and Jr. United States Army Medical Materiel Development Activity. 1995 Annual Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306080.

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Nelson, James H. United States Army Medical Materiel Development Activity: 1997 Annual Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada345273.

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Miller, John, Steve Clement, Clyde Hoskins, and Howard Schloss. United States Army Medical Department Reorganization. Volume 2 - Enclosures 1-10. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada296646.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Administration: Patient Regulating To and Within the Continental United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403552.

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