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1
Goniewicz, Mariusz, Patryk Rzońca, Jadwiga Klukow, Jakub Pawlikowski, Jarosław Sak, and Krzysztof Goniewicz. "DNR declaration — emergency medical system nurses’ opinions." Open Medicine 8, no. 1 (2013): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-012-0092-y.
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AbstractAdvance directive and other declarations of will made by patients in a case of mental illness still raise ethical and legal issues. In Poland there is no legal regulation, neither research about code of conduct in situation of do not attempt resuscitation. There are also not enough studies regarding Healthcare workers’ opinion about DNAR declaration (Do Not Attempt Resuscitation). The study is aimed at finding out emergency medical system nurses opinion on the subject of enforcing do not attempt resuscitation in situation of circulatory and respiratory arrest. Methods: The research was conducted by means of the diagnostic survey method applying a self — constructed questionnaire. The study was carried out among 82 (100%) nurses, from September to December 2011. Obtained information were analyzed statistically, Chi-square of independence with assumed p ≤ 0.05. level of significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study of the respondents’ opinion shows that 67% Healthcare employees think that DNAR declaration should be obligatory in Poland. Contrary opinion has 7.3% of respondents. In their opinion the decision to refrain from resuscitating should be made by attending physician − 46.3% and medical board − 29.3%. Information enclosed within DNAR declaration, in most of respondents’ opinion − 59.5%, should be only passed on in written form. Conclusions: Majority of respondents agree that patients have a right to refrain from resuscitating as a self − determination act. Respondents concur the introduction of DNAR declaration in Polish Healthcare system. In respondents’ opinion that decision should be required in written form and an attending physician should decide about its implementation, what violates the existing rule. The execution of living will declaration raises ethical issues. Additionally, it also appears as public/social problem. The last stage of incurable disease is given as justifiable circumstances of DNAR.
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Ślęzak, Daniel, Przemysław Żuratyński, Klaudiusz Nadolny, Marlena Robakowska, and Alicja Kalis. "Health System in Poland." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 53, no. 2 (2017): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7971.
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Health care systems face challenges related to the technological advances in medicine, demographic changes and limited opportunities for growth funding for health, necessitating greater involvement in the search for more efficient systems. The authors present the functioning of the Polish health care system based on social, historical outline of the healthcare system in Poland and the functioning of the National Health Fund (NFZ). Poland has undergone many reforms of the health care system, the Bismarck model, the model Siemaszko, and finally to a model of universal health insurance. So everyone has the same right to health care services financed by the NFZ or directly from the state budget (eg. The system of state emergency medical services). The National Health Fund allows anyone insured to free healthcare and reimbursement of medicines. Introduced information about information programs.
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Kaniecka, Ewa, Małgorzata Timler, Monika Białas, et al. "EVA LUAT ION OF SELECTE D ITEMS OF EMERGENCY MEDICA L SYSTEM IN POLAND BY PRACT ITIONERS." Emergency Medical Service 7, no. 2 (2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202002106.
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Introduction: The State Emergency Medical System (PRM) exists to provide assistance to every person in state of sudden threat to their health or life, operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, all year round. The units of the system are hospital emergency departments (SOR) and emergency medical teams, including aviation emergency medical teams. The obvious purpose of the PRM System, which is to save life of human, as any complex activity, is sometimes put to the proof. Appearing and publicised by media cases of late medical attention, calls ignored by a dispatcher or sending emergency medical teams from hospital to hospital seriously undermine the reputation of healthcare service in Poland. The aim: Evaluation of organization of the PRM System in Poland by practitioners – medical staff of Hospital Emergency Departments, ambulance personnel and medical students. Material and methods: The material included a group of 138 interviewees from 768 participants of the 11th Emergency Medicine Conference Kopernik 2018. The research tool was the author’s survey consisting of 12 thematic questions, including one open question, and the part collecting sociodemographic data. The collected empirical material was given descriptive and statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel. The results were presented by calculating the arithmetic mean, median, dominant, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and% of responses respectively. Results: In the majority of respondents’ opinion the organization of the PRM system in Poland is average. The vast majority of respondents (64%) consider the two-people “P” teams to be insufficient. Problems the most often reported by the respondents were lack/or insufficient number of trainings, underfunding of the system, large salaries disparities, shortages of staff, hampered cooperation with other services. Conclusions: The analysis of selected items of the organization of the State Emergency Medical Service in Poland in opinion of practitioners points out the need to implement organizational changes which could improve the system.
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Gula, P. W., and E. M. Szafran. "(A265) Emergency Services In Catastrophic Flooding In Poland (2010 Experience)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002494.
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Emergency Services in catastrophic flooding in Poland (2010 experience) Przemyslaw Gula MD PhD, Edyta Szafran Institute for Emergency Medicine Flooding, Natural Disasters, Rescue Operations Between 17th May and 22nd June Poland faced one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in past 100 years history. The overall area of 779300 sq km. has been flooded. The flood affected several large municipalities. Nearly 270.000 people suffered the direct effects of the flood and 31000 were evacuated from their homes, 22 people were killed. Total number of 19000 buildings were destroyed or seriously damaged. Responding services were mainly the Fire and Rescue Service, Police, EMS, Military Units as well as supporting NGO's. The rescue and relief operation focused on evacuation, providing temporary shelter, water supply, establishing medical treatment and vaccination, providing public security. One of the challenges was the threat of evacuation of the hospitals in the affected areas. The total number of 80000 of rescue personnel and 15000 of military was involved in the rescue operation. The medical emergency operation included helicopter and boat evacuation, organization of field medical posts and secondary medical transfers. 43 helicopters and 1.000 vehicles were used. One of the problem was the collapse of the telephone network that affected the 112 Emergency Dispatch System. The out coming conclusions presented the high vulnerability of local medical systems on the effects of flooding. However the logistic support of Fire and Rescue and Military recourses can give quick compensation. The role of HEMS and SAR helicopters in providing evacuation and medical assistance is essential. Special emphasis should be made on providing the coordination of multiservice response and replacing the affected local communication systems. The main conclusion after flooding was the need of stronger integration of civil and military services, procedures, communication systems and compatibility of the equipment.
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Robakowska, Marlena, Anna Tyrańska-Fobke, Daniel Ślęzak, Michał Rogowski, Andrzej Basiński, and Sylwia Jałtuszewska. "COMMAND SUPPORT SYSTEM EMS (SWD PRM)." Emergency Medical Service 8, no. 3 (2021): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202103102.
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Poland is the only country in the world, which has a uniform nationwide command support system for medical rescue, integrated with the command support systems of the National Fire Service and the Police. SWD PRM is un-derstood as an ICT system that enables receiving alarm notifications from emergency notification centers and noti-fications about incidents, dispatching of emergency medical services, recording medical incidents, presentation of geographical location of the incident site, positioning of emergency medical services and support of tasks execution by emergency medical services and provincial coordinator of medical rescue. The purpose of this paper is to present assumptions of the SWD PRM system and history of its implementation as well as available technical and system capabilities. Its greatest advantage is the fact that it is a uniform nationwide teleinformatic system collecting data about medical events. Its functioning in terms of information and data collection allows for improvement of plan-ning and organization of the PRM system, which enables effective management of available forces and resources, which translates into shortening the waiting time for assistance for a person in a state of emergency by reducing the time of arrival of the Medical Rescue Unit at the scene of the event.
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Skrabacz, Aleksandra. "CHANGES IN FUNCTIONING OF THE EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEM AND THE 112 EMERGENCY NUMBER IN POLAND." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 24 (January 10, 2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.24.2021.14.
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Introduction. Striving to improve performance should be a characteristic feature of any system. This particularly concerns systems dedicated to the protection of human life and health. The efficiency of these systems often decides about the survival of an injured person. Such a system is the emergency notification system, which has been functioning in Poland since 2013, responsible for the efficient operation of the emergency number 112. Results and discussion. The article presents the organization of the emergency notification system, which operates throughout Poland in a continuous system. Emergency numbers are handled by Rescue Notification Centres, which operate in 16 voivodships and additionally in the capital city of the country - Warsaw. Since the launch of the emergency notification system, several changes have been introduced, aimed at improving its efficiency and enhancing the functionality of the 112 emergency number. It has been assumed that the emergency notification system consists of the emergency notification centres (CPR), constituting a uniform system for handling emergency calls directed to the emergency number 112. Handing over such a call enables the initiation of the rescue procedure and involvement of relevant rescue resources. Specific rescue tasks in the system are performed by medical rescue units, fire brigades and police. Many other services also cooperate with the system, such as gas and electricity emergency services. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was concluded that changes in the emergency notification system contributed to increasing its efficiency. Integration of the fire brigade (998) and police (997) emergency numbers under a common 112 number enables a quick rescue action and dispatching the appropriate formation. The change of positions in Rescue Notification Centres should also be assessed positively. Emergency number operators can be promoted and improve their qualifications. It has been acknowledged that non-alarm notifications, which block the system and increase the financial costs of its operation, are still a problem in the functioning of the emergency notification system. Therefore,continuous education of the public should be carried out in order to raise awareness of the principles of use of the emergency number 112.
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Knigavko, Oleksandr, Nadiia Baranova, Ievgen Bausov, Maryna Dolzhenko, and Nataliia Lantukhova. "Organizing treatment in emergency health care facilities during COVID-19 pandemic conditions in Eastern European countries." International journal of health sciences 6, no. 1 (2022): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.3582.
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The purpose of the academic paper lies in identifying the practice of organizing treatment in emergency health care facilities in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of Poland and the Czech Republic. The qualitative content analysis of the organization of emergency medical care in the conditions of a pandemic in Poland and the Czech Republic has been used in the research. The COVID-19 Health System Response Monitor (HSRM) database and the Health Systems and Policy Monitor (HSPM) database have been used for conducting the analysis. In the course of the research, the following features of changes in the organization of treatment in emergency health care facilities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been revealed, namely: postponement of scheduled examinations, non-urgent treatment, gradual reduction in the number of hospitalizations, especially for planned surgical interventions; limiting the availability of medical care; prohibition of regular vacations of medical workers; redeployment of personnel in case of deterioration of the condition of patients with COVID-19 and the need for the provision of emergency medical care; daily monitoring of intensive care beds and their filling status to predict the possible need for emergency care.
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Goniewicz, Mariusz, Patrycja Misztal-Okońska, and Adam Gorgol. "The role and responsibilities of the raramedic in the State Medical Rescue System." Polish Journal of Public Health 129, no. 1 (2019): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0007.
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Abstract The profession of paramedic is a recent profession functioning in Poland since 1992. Over those 27 years the training, the role and responsibilities given to paramedics have undergone many changes. Initially, paramedics were trained in two-year colleges (post-secondary schools) and were not qualified to administer medical emergency treatment (medical rescue procedures) at the place of accidents. At present, they are educated at universities and are qualified to apply emergency medical treatment by themselves, inter alia to ensure the safe transport of the injured person in a life-threatening emergency, provide mental support to the injured, and carry out health education and promotion. Moreover, they are the core personnel of the State Medical Rescue System (PRM). The goal of the study was to present the history of the establishment of paramedical profession and its current role and responsibilities in the PRM.
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Kożan, Przemysław, Daniel Ślęzak, Rafał Szczepański, Marlena Robakowska, Piotr Robakowski, and Przemysław Żuratyński. "Review of recommendations for emergency medical teams during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic." Emergency Medical Service 7, no. 4 (2020): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202004111.
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The aim of this work was to present the recommendations for emergency medical teams in Poland during the SARSCoV-2 epidemic. During the epidemic of the new coronavirus, health care system in the world faced the need to deal with the effects of the virus. The medical staff’s behavior has been adapted to the new reality in order to help patient best and prevent the staff from becoming infected. The result of these activities was the creation of new procedures and recommendations. Due to the huge role of pre-hospital care, it has become necessary to create procedures at the national level so that the way of dealing with an infected patient is the same. With the growing knowledge of the virus, the case definition has changed and the Ministry of Health has updated its recommendations. Emergency medical teams and air emergency services have adapted to the changes imposed by the Minister of Health. The global problem of the SARS-CoV-2 is still a challenge for healthcare systems in Poland and worldwide. It will be necessary to update previously developed guidelines and management schemes, with particular emphasis on emergency medical services. The priority is to secure a sufficient amount of personal protective equipment, disinfectants and to create such procedures that will protect the system during the next crisis. It is important that healthcare professionals adopt a universal set of guidelines that they should follow to minimize SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Majda, Anna, Iwona Elżbieta Bodys-Cupak, Joanna Zalewska-Puchała, and Krystian Barzykowski. "Cultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence of Healthcare Professionals Providing Emergency Medical Services." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (2021): 11547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111547.
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Background: There are more and more foreigners in Poland who become clients of the Polish healthcare system. They use, among others, emergency medical services provided by healthcare professionals: doctors, nurses, and paramedics. Skillful care for culturally different patients requires cultural competencies and cultural intelligence to ensure good quality of care and cultural safety. The study aimed to measure and assess the cultural competencies and cultural intelligence of medical professionals working in hospital emergency departments (HEDs) and hospital emergency rooms (HERs) in Małopolska, a region in southern Poland. Methods: The following questionnaires were used in the study: the Cross-Cultural Competence Inventory (CCCI), the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS), and Questionnaire on Attitudes Towards Culturally Divergent People. In total, 709 medical professionals participated in the study, including 363 nurses, 223 paramedics, and 123 doctors. Results: Cultural intelligence—the overall score and the scores on the metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral subscales were significantly higher among HED and HER doctors. Cultural competencies—the overall score and the score on the cultural adaptation subscale were also significantly higher among HED and HER doctors. The CCCI and CQS scores were influenced by selected variables: taking care of and close interactions with representatives of other cultural circles; staying outside Poland for more than a month. Doctors were the group of medical professionals that were most tolerant and most positive towards people from other cultures. Conclusions: The research results confirm the positive impact of contact of medical professionals with people from other cultures on their cultural competencies and cultural intelligence. They indicate the need for training in acquiring cultural competencies and developing cultural intelligence, especially among nurses. They demonstrate the need to raise awareness among HED and HER medical professionals about issues in intercultural care and to increase diversity efforts, especially among nurses.
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Ilczak, Tomasz, Małgorzata Rak, Kacper Sumera, et al. "Differences in Perceived Occupational Stress by Demographic Characteristics, of European Emergency Medical Services Personnel during the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic—An International Study." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (2021): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111582.
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Objectives: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought commercial, social, and economic consequences in every country that has experienced substantial SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. The complete change in the environment that took place due to the outbreak of the pandemic can lead to stressful situations, especially among healthcare personnel. Material and methods: The research were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between the 27 March 2020 and the 20 April 2020. The research included 1984 employees of emergency medical systems in seven European countries. An internet-based questionnaire format was adopted for the study (ΩMc-Donald > 0.7). Results: The highest level of stress was experienced by personnel in the United Kingdom M = 4.03, and the lowest by Norwegian employees M = 2.89. High levels of stress were also experienced by nurses from Spain and Poland. Women actively working in the healthcare system during the pandemic experienced higher stress levels than men. Conclusions: Women working in European emergency medical systems are more vulnerable to work-related stress, while carrying out emergency medical procedures during the pandemic. Differences in the level of stress experienced while carrying out duties in pre-hospital conditions were only found among Spanish emergency medical system personnel.
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Nadolny, Klaudiusz, Jerzy Robert Ładny, Daniel Ślęzak, Mateusz Komza, and Robert Gałązkowski. "ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL RESCUE OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY MEDICAL RESCUE TEAMS FROM ALL OVER POLAND IN PATIENTS WITH BURN WOUNDS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 1 (2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201901105.
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Introduction: A burn is a superficial or deep tissue damage caused by the action of: heat (high temperature), chemicals, electric current, solar rays and ionizing radiation. The aim: To analyze the trips of emergency medical teams in the period from November 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018 to patients diagnosed with burns throughout the country. Materials and methods: The analysis covers the whole of Poland, all medical rescue teams. The obtained data comes from the System of Supporting the State Medical Rescue System. The analysis includes the characteristics of the population studied and the medicines used. The study included those that ended with the diagnosis of burns (T-20 to T-32). Taking into account the above criteria, 547 cases were obtained. Results: In 321 cases, there were women and 226 cases of men (58.68% vs 41.32%, p <0.001). More often, it referred to patients over 18 (317 cases vs. 193 below 18 years of age, p <0.001) in 37 cases no data. Most events were recorded in the Masovian and Silesian voivodships (12.97% and 11.33%) and the least in Podlasin (2.92%). In 20.47% of cases, pain treatment was applied, of which in the group of adults in 25.23% vs. 1658% in children, p <0.001. Conclusions: The above results of medical emergency teams’ activities indicate insufficient pharmacological treatment, which requires rapid improvement.
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Kisiała, Wojciech, Izabela Rącka, and Katarzyna Suszyńska. "Population Access to Hospital Emergency Departments: The Spatial Analysis in Public Health Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031437.
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The emergency medical services support the primary health care system. Hospital emergency departments (HEDs), which provide medical assistance to all patients in a state of emergency are of considerable importance to the system. When studying access to HEDs, attention should be focused on spatial relations resulting from the location of HEDs and the places of residence of the potential patients. The aim of the paper is to explain the level of spatial accessibility of HEDs and its changes as a result of organizational and spatial transformations of HEDs’ networks in Poland. The research was conducted within two time series, comparing the changes in the distribution of HEDs in 2011 and 2021. GIS techniques were used to measure the distances between emergency departments and places of residence. It was observed that the transformation of the spatial organization of the hospital emergency department network in 2011–2021 resulted in the overall improvement of the spatial accessibility of these facilities, reducing the distance between them and places of residence.
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Nadolny, Klaudiusz. "An analysis of activities and medical rescue actions in patients with OHCA in the system of emergency medical services in Silesia region (Poland)." Resuscitation 142 (September 2019): e80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.06.192.
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Rzońca, Patryk, Piotr Tomaka, and Robertn Gałązkowski. "BURNS IN PRACTICE OF HELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE IN POLAND. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903133.
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Introduction: Burns are a huge problem for public health and a challenge for healthcare systems all around the world. They are responsible for 180.000 deaths worldwide each year. In order to ensure high quality treatment and rehabilitation of these patients burn centres are established in many countries. Another vital factor influencing the prognosis of patients with burns is quick transport that in many countries, including Poland is carried out by Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS). The aim: To describe the operations carried out by HEMS with particular stress put on the target medical facility. Materials and methods: The research was conducted with the method of retrospective analysis of operations performed by HEMS crews. All missions from January 2011 to December 2018 were included in the study and 2534 cases were qualified for the final analysis. Results: The study group was predominantly male (72.72%) aged 18 years old and less (36.65%). Nearly two thirds of the patients were transported to hospitals with a burn ward (61.88%). Opioid analgesics as well as crystalloids were the most commonly administered drugs (respectively 68.55% and 64.76%). Statistical analysis showed that HEMS arrival time (20.77 minutes vs 18.60 minutes) and duration of the transport to designated hospital (40.11 minutes vs 19.66 minutes) were significantly higher in the cases of deciding to transport the patient to the hospital with the burns department (p<0.001). Conclusions: Presented results showed that HEMS crews are more often assigned to help ground-based Medical Rescue Teams in case of patients who required treatment in burn centres. Moreover, the time and distance to the hospital with burn ward was significantly longer compared to other healthcare facilities. This confirms that the assigning of HEMS crews for the patients with severe burns was reasonable.
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Tyrańska-Fobke, Anna, Marlena Robakowska, Daniel Ślęzak, Katarzyna Pogorzelczyk, and Andrzej Basiński. "Searching for the Optimal Method of Financing Hospital Emergency Departments—Comparison of Polish and Selected European Solutions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031507.
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Hospital emergency departments are units of the State Medical Rescue system in Poland, which was established to help people in a state of a health emergency. The aim of this study is to develop an optimal method of financing emergency departments in Poland. The study used Polish data from 2016–2019 on the financing of services at the Clinical Emergency Department of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk. For benchmarking and mathematical modeling, data for the Czech Republic, Germany and Latvia was used. The results of the analysis shows significant differences, to the disadvantage of Clinical Emergency Department, between the potential contract values in the tested models and the actual amounts of funds transferred by the National Health Fund Pomeranian Voivodeship Branch for the activities of Clinical Emergency Department under the concluded contracts. The introduction of co-payment on the part of patients reporting to the emergency departments with minor ailments that do not require hospitalization generates financial revenues, but does not significantly improve the financial results of the analyzed ward. However, it may be educational for patients in terms of raising their awareness of the correct place to seek assistance in the event of a sudden illness.
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Pilip, S., D. Celiński, R. Wiśniewski, A. Binkowska, and G. Michalak. "(P2-12) Emergency Medical Procedures Provided by Paramedics in Prehospital Sudden Cardiac Arrest — Analysis of the Example of District Siedlce (Poland)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004560.
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IntroductionThe organization of the medical emergency system in Poland has been revised substantially since 2007. Rescuers were able to perform certain life-saving procedures and to administrate some drugs without doctor's order.AimThe efficiency of advanced life support (ALS) performed by emergency medical service with paramedics (without doctor) was assessed for cases of cardiac arrest (CA) in prehospital conditions. It was correlated with quantity of basic life support (BLS) procedures undertaken by casual witnesses and with the knowledge of automated external defibrillation (AED) in people without medical training.MethodForty-eight cases of CA were analyzed, which took place in District Siedlce in the first three quarters of 2009. Data were collected retrospectively, from medical reports. Advanced life support procedures adhering to the guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council were investigated in terms of pharmaco-and electrotherapy. Additionally, the study of the knowledge of AED was conducted through a survey, in which 103 randomly selected persons without medical training took part.ResultsAdrenaline and amiodarone were given by paramedics correctly in 94% of patients. Defibrillation was performed in all patients with documented ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia valid values of energy. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was successful in 33% of the cases. At the scene of the accident BLS was performed before the arrival of ambulance in only 7% of cases. Of the respondents, 41% (non-medic) could use the AED safely, but only 13% of them knew the guidelines for using defibrillators.ConclusionsParamedics were properly implementing ALS procedures for prehospital CA. The percent of effective cardiopulmonary resuscitations may improve the early implementation of BLS, including the use of AED. It is necessary to educate people without medical training in this field.
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Piórkowski, Adam. "Construction of a dynamic arrival time coverage map for emergency medical services." Open Geosciences 10, no. 1 (2018): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0013.
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Abstract This article presents a design of coverage maps for emergency journeys made by emergency medical services. The system was designed for the Malopolskie Voivodeship Office in Cracow, Poland. The proposed solution displays maps of the ambulance coverage of areas and ambulance’s potential journey times. There are two versions of the map: static and dynamic. The static version is used to appropriately allocate ambulances to cover an area with the ability to reach locations in less than 15 or 20 minutes; the dynamic version allows monitoring of ambulance fleets under normal conditions or in the event of a crisis. The article also presents the results of archival data related to the movement of ambulances on the roads of Malopolskie Voivodship. Particular attention was paid to the relation between the speed of vehicles and the traffic on the road, the day of the week or month, and long-term trends. The collected observations made it possible to assume a general model of ambulance movement in the voivodeship to calculate arrival time coverage maps.
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Uchmanowicz, Izabella, Wiesław Bartkiewicz, Jarosław Sowizdraniuk, and Joanna Rosińczuk. "Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Arrest." Emergency Medicine International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/281364.
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Objective. This paper aims to discover the risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (OHSCA)) which significantly affect the decision about prioritizing emergency interventions before dispatching medical emergency teams, risk of deterioration of the patient’s condition at the scene, and emergency procedures.Methods. A retrospective study taking into account the international classification of diseases ICD-10 based on an analysis of medical records of Emergency Medical Service in Wroclaw (Poland).Results. The main risk factor of OHSCA is coexistence of external cause leading to illness or death (ICD Group V-10) as well as the occurrence of diseases from the group of endocrine disorders (group E), in particular diabetes. The increase in the risk of OHSCA incidence is affected by nervous system diseases (group G), especially epilepsy of various etiologies, respiratory diseases (group J), mainly COPD, and bronchial asthma or mental and behavioral disorders (group F), with particular emphasis on the drugs issue. The procedure for receiving calls for Emergency Notification Centre does not take into account clinical risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).Conclusion. Having knowledge of OHSCA risk factors can increase the efficiency of rescue operations from rapid assessment and provision of appropriate medical team, through effective performance of medical emergency treatment and prevention of SCA or finally reducing the costs.
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Blek, Natasza, Lukasz Szarpak, and Jerzy Robert Ladny. "Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Prehospital Management of Patients with Suspected Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (2022): 4769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084769.
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Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) can be successfully handled if it is noticed early in the prehospital setting and immediately diagnosed in the emergency department (ED). The coronavirus pandemic has altered the way health care is delivered and has had a profound impact on healthcare delivery. The effects could include prioritizing the prevention of COVID-19 spread, which could result in the discontinuation or deferral of non-COVID-19 care. We used the National Emergency Medical Service Command Support System, a register of medical interventions performed by emergency medical services (EMS) in Poland, to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic across the Masovian Voivodeship on suspected stroke patients’ baseline characteristics, prehospital vital parameters, clinical and neurological status, emergency procedures performed on the prehospital phase and EMS processing times. Between 1 April 2019 and 30 April 2021, the study population included 18,922 adult suspected stroke patients who were treated by EMS teams, with 18,641 admitted to the emergency departments. The overall number of suspected stroke patients treated by EMS remained unchanged during COVID-19 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period; however, the average time from call to hospital admission increased by 15 min.
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Świeżewski, Stanisław Paweł, Daniel Rabczenko, Arkadiusz Wejnarski, et al. "UTILIZATION OF AIR SUPPORT IN THE POLISH EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTE M FOR PATIENTS WITH OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST." Emergency Medical Service 7, no. 4 (2020): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202004101.
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The aim: This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of air support in cases of OHCA in the Polish emergency medical system, in particular to assess the prevalence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to determine the 30-day survival of patients. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study based on the analysis of aviation and medical records of all HEMS missions in 2014 was conducted. Patients’ follow-up was traced using information from nationwide databases. The inclusion criterion for the study was both the disposal of HEMS to OHCA and the appearance of OHCA during the intervention. Results: During the research period PMAR aircraft performed 8366 missions. The criteria for inclusion were met for 574 missions. Most often HEMS crews intervened in cases of OHCA in men and patients over 60 years old. In 58% of all cases OHCA has a cardiological background and the most common first rhythm was asystole. ROSC was obtained in 237 (41.2%) cases and 30-day survival was observed in 10.4% of patients in the study population. Conclusions: The utilization of air support in the Polish emergency medical system has a positive impact on the prehospital phase of the therapeutic process of OHCA patients. The cooperation between GEMS and HEMS in OHCA cases in Poland allows obtaining ROSC and 30-day survival of patients at the level of countries with the well-developed emergency medical systems in the world.
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Kacprzak, Łukasz Paweł, and Jolanta B. Zawilska. "SELF-ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEM EMPLOYEES ON NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES – CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS." Emergency Medical Service 8, no. 4 (2021): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202104105.
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Aim: To examine the level of knowledge on new psychoactive substances (NPS) among health care profesionals (HCPs) working within the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in Poland, and to assess how they would like to improve it. Material and methods: The study involved 602 HCPs working within the EMS system and was carried out using a survey questionnaire. Both online and paper-copy surveys were utilized. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the STATISTICA 12.5PL computer program (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Results: Most responders perceived themselves as having a “sufficient” (49%) or a “weak” level (40.5%) of knowledge of NPS, while only 10.5% as “good”. The Internet was a main source of information on NPS. In the 4-year period covered by the study, only less than 22% of HCPs took part in any training courses on NPS. Most participants expressed a need to learn more about “pharmacological treatment”, “legal provisions” and “qualification for hospital treatment”. Conclusions: An inadequacy in essential knowledge of NPS by HCPs working within the EMS system highlights the need for education on these novel molecules.
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Gawinski, Lukasz, Monika Burzynska, Karolina Kamecka, and Remigiusz Kozlowski. "Practical Aspects of the Use of Telematic Systems in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Poland." Medicina 58, no. 4 (2022): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040554.
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Background and Objectives: The guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommend the use of telematic methods in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, allowing for transtelephonic electrocardiography (TTECG) from the emergency scene to centers performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI center). It has been proven that such a procedure has a beneficial effect on the survival of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Fewer data can be found on the correct use of these methods in everyday clinical practice. The aim of this study was to indicate potential indications and contraindications for the use of the TTECG system, and provide recommendations for proper collaboration between emergency medical systems (EMS) teams and PCI centers. Materials and Methods: The article is a systematic review of cardiological emergencies, with an assessment of indications for the use of the TTECG system. The authors introduced their own grading of the validity of indications for transmission of the TTECG, similar to those used in the official ESC guidelines.: Results:: The authors described individual cardiological emergencies occurring in the practice of EMS, considering specific indications or contraindications for the transmission of the TTECG. The article also discusses individual practical recommendations for proper cooperation between EMS teams and PCI centers in detail. All of the recommendations are compiled in a handy table to facilitate its use in everyday clinical practice. Conclusions: The summary presents a comparison of the realities of the functioning of the telematic support system in Poland in the field of STEMI diagnostics, with the model’s recommendations. The necessity of further educating the members of individual teams included in the network dealing with STEMI treatment was indicated, as well as the necessity of introducing legal regulations sanctioning the functioning of telematic systems in modern medicine.
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SZPAKOWSKI, Leszek, and Sławomir PILIP. "ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE MEDICAL RESCUE SYSTEM IN POLAND ON THE EXAMPLE OF SPZOZ "RM-MEDITRANS" EMERGENCY SERVICES AND SANITARY TRANSPORT STATION IN SIEDLCY." National Security Studies 10, no. 1 (2016): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/sbn/129842.
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Rolą systemu Państwowe Ratownictwo Medyczne (PRM) jest świadczenie pomocy każdej osobie, która znajduje się w stanie nagłego zagrożenia zdrowotnego. System funkcjonuje w oparciu o jednostki organizacyjne, do których zaliczmy szpitalne oddziały ratunkowe, zespoły ratownictwa medycznego, centra powiadamiania ratunkowego oraz centra dyspozytorskie. Dysponenci jednostek systemu wyłaniani są z konkursu ofert, a następnie zawierają umowę z właściwym dla danego województwa oddziałem Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia na udzielanie świadczeń zdrowotnych. Rolą szpitalnego oddziału ratunkowego jest zapewnienie wstępnej diagnostyki oraz podjęcie leczenia stabilizującego funkcje życiowe osób znajdujących się w stanie nagłego zagrożenia zdrowotnego. Zespoły ratownictwa medycznego pozostają w gotowości do wykonywania medycznych czynności ratunkowych w warunkach przedszpitalnych i są dysponowane do miejsca zdarzenia przez dyspozytora medycznego. W przypadku stwierdzenia stanu nagłego zagrożenia zdrowotnego, transportują pacjenta do najbliższego szpitalnego oddziału ratunkowego lub innego szpitala wskazanego przez dyspozytora medycznego albo lekarza koordynatora medycznego zgodnie ze wskazaniami medycznymi. Istnieją dwa rodzaje naziemnych zespołów ratownictwa medycznego – specjalistyczne (z lekarzem) i podstawowe (bez lekarza), w których kierownikiem zespołu jest pielęgniarka lub ratownik medyczny. Ważna rolę w Systemie pełnią również zespoły lotniczego pogotowia ratunkowego, w skład których wchodzi lekarz, ratownik medyczny i pilot. Zakres zadań poszczególnych zespołów uzależniony jest przede wszystkim od rodzaju wezwania oraz od szacowanego czasu dotarcia do miejsca zdarzenia, który powinien być jak najkrótszy. System wspomagany jest przez jednostki współpracujące, w szczególności Państwową i Ochotniczą Straż Pożarną, Policję, Górskie Ochotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe, Tatrzańskie Ochotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe, Wodne Ochotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe, a także inne stowarzyszenia i organizacje, które wykonują działania ratownicze w ramach swoich zadań statutowych. Decyzją wojewody mazowieckiego – obszar Mazowsza podzielony jest na 6 rejonów operacyjnych określających obszar działania poszczególnych dysponentów zespołów ratownictwa medycznego. SPZOZ „RM-MEDITRANS” Stacja Pogotowia Ratunkowego i Transportu Sanitarnego w Siedlcach jest dysponentem 21 zespołów ratownictwa medycznego w rejonie operacyjnym 14-04. Na przełomie ostatnich lat w rejonie 14-04 można zaobserwować wzrost liczby wyjazdów zespołów ratownictwa medycznego, w tym również wyjazdów nieuzasadnionych. Wskazuje to na konieczność edukacji społeczeństwa w zakresie zasad funkcjonowania systemu ratownictwa medycznego, który nie powinien pełnić funkcji „przychodni na kółkach”. Problemem dysponentów jednostek jest również zbyt niskie finansowanie oraz samo istnienie procedury konkursowej z NFZ, która niekiedy powoduje sztuczne zaniżanie cen usług. Kontraktowanie umów na ratownictwo medyczne przez Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia na zbyt krótki okres czasu nie pozwala na pełen rozwój potencjału jednostki. Pomimo tego, na podstawie analizy dostępnych danych stwierdzić należy, że System Państwowe Ratownictwo Medyczne w rejonie 14-04 działa efektywnie, a jego organizacja zapewnia bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne ludności.
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Kogut, B., P. Lubiewski, and J. Ziobro. "THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CIVIL DEFENSE - CURRENT STATE AND DIRECTIONS FOR PERFECTION." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 21 (July 30, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.21.2020.03.
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The article presents legal and organizational issues related to the functional and institutional enterprises of the Civil Defense in the Republic of Poland. It was assumed that the article will be based on common knowledge from widely available studies covering the last thirty years, which means it was obtained from literature written after the political changes in Poland. The second assumption was to use the provisions of generally applicable law, both Polish and laws ratified by the Republic of Poland. Valuable sources of information subjected to analysis were also the few scientific papers released in Polish academic centers and studies prepared for the needs of the National Headquarters of the State Fire Department Service in Warsaw. The article was divided into three parts. They include: introduction, methodological assumptions, subject-and-object scope of civil defense and summary that point the direction of necessary projects aimed at improving civil defense. The article focuses on the diagnosis of the condition of applied solutions with a precise definition of the purpose, duties, tasks and powers of the authorities competent in civil defense matters. This work presents the results of an analysis of bibliographic sources, which, according to the authors' statements, was considered the most appropriate due to the adopted methodological assumptions, mainly in the scope of the adopted objective and research problem. The conducted analysis proves that the Civil Defense organization functioning in its present form for almost twenty years needs improvement. Its purpose, tasks and structure do not require changes. However, the system of directing and supervising civil defense formations calls for a different look. Changes are also necessary in terms of functional and institutional links with other state entities responsible for general security. The authors of the article put forward directions for improving the functioning of civil defense, by better adapting to the law in force in Poland regulating the issues concerning following systems: crisis management, state emergency medical services and emergency alerting. The results of the conducted research indicate, on the one hand, the need to rationalize civil defense but without the need to amend the provisions relating to the issues of conducting rescue operations.
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Korzeniowski, L. F., Ye Lytvynovskyi, and L. Vinnikova. "STATE CONTROL OF SECURITY EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND." Collected Scientific Papers of the Institute of Public Administration in the Sphere of Civil Protection 7 (December 22, 2019): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35577/iducz.2019.07.08.
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Civil security is a newly formed field of education in Ukraine that was preceded by civil defense and civil protection fields. Nowadays, the sphere of population protection from emergencies in Ukraine is one of the most non-identified spheres in its categorical apparatus.
 The mentioned above and the necessity to examine civil protection’s condition in order to develop a new strategy in the shortest period of time, including training specialists in this field, initiated the necessity to find the best practices.
 The process of rapprochement with the European Union countries demands research on the state control experience of the neighboring countries. The last research has stopped on the Polish experience.
 Studying the Republic of Poland’s state control experience in training specialists for the security sector was not the subject of the previous research.
 The aim of the article is to represent the current condition of the state control of education in the security sector of the Republic of Poland through the professional qualifications occurrence and educational standards development.
 It is initial to be acquainted with the peculiarities of the system, regulatory enactments that control its work in order to analyze the state of training specialists for a certain system. In Poland such specificity is recognized by the two management in emergency situations state systems such as Population Protection and Crisis Management.
 All legislation and regulations mentioned in the article are the bases of the state regulatory policy in the sphere of training specialists for the security sector. Moreover, the state regulation occurs through the process of professional qualifications recognition. As for organization of specialists training for the security sector, it should be mentioned that the basic regulatory act is the higher education standard.
 It is worth noting that in Poland, at the University level, the specialization ‘Security Management’ at the Faculty of Management and Marketing, ‘Security Administration’ at the Faculty of Administration and ‘European Security’ at the Faculty of European Studies has occasionally appeared since 2003.
 And only in 2006 the Minister of Science and Higher Education introduced the new directions of education development and later, the new standards which allowed State Higher Educational Establishments to train specialists at the faculties of the first and second education levels in such specialties as National Security, Internal Security, Safety (Security) Engineering and Emergency Medical Service (Care).
 In addition, since 2011 the new Higher Education National Qualification Framework has been introduced with the demand to the academic results (knowledge, skills, social competence) for general academic specialization and for practical specialization in the fields of education, and in regard to security, in the field of humane sciences. The context of these educational standards is analyzed in the article.
 Taking everything into consideration, we can arrive at the conclusion that similar to Ukraine there is an open status issue on discrepancy between the requirements of the job market and the number of specialists trained for the security sector. The arrangement of the number of educational establishments that train specialists in the sphere of civil protection and the estimation of the job market needs in their services would be rewarding for Ukraine to gain from Poland’s experience.
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Misztal-Okońska, Patrycja, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Attila J. Hertelendy, et al. "How Medical Studies in Poland Prepare Future Healthcare Managers for Crises and Disasters: Results of a Pilot Study." Healthcare 8, no. 3 (2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030202.
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In the event of a crisis, rapid and effective assistance for victims is essential, and in many cases, medical assistance is required. To manage the situation efficiently, it is necessary to have a proactive management system in place that ensures professional assistance to victims and the safety of medical personnel. We evaluated the perceptions of students and graduates in public health studies at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland, concerning their preparation and management skills for crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This pilot study was conducted in March 2020; we employed an online survey with an anonymous questionnaire that was addressed to students and graduates with an educational focus in healthcare organization and management. The study involved 55 people, including 14 men and 41 women. Among the respondents, 41.8% currently worked in a healthcare facility and only 21.7% of them had participated in training related to preparation for emergencies and disasters in their current workplace. The respondents rated their workplaces’ preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic at four points. A significant number of respondents stated that if they had to manage a public health emergency, they would not be able to manage the situation correctly and not be able to predict its development. Managers of healthcare organizations should have the knowledge and skills to manage crises. It would be advisable for them to have been formally educated in public health or healthcare administration. In every healthcare facility, it is essential that training and practice of performing medical procedures in full personal protective equipment (PPE) be provided. Healthcare facilities must implement regular training combined with practical live scenario exercises to prepare for future crises.
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Hudzik, Bartosz, Andrzej Budaj, Marek Gierlotka, et al. "Assessment of quality of care of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction." European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 9, no. 8 (2019): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872619882360.
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Aims: The 2017 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction recommended assessing quality of care to establish measurable quality indicators in order to ensure that every ST-elevation myocardial infarction patient receives the best possible care. We investigated the quality indicators of healthcare services in Poland provided to ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Methods and results: The Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes is a nationwide, multicentre, prospective study of acute coronary syndrome patients in Poland. For the purpose of assessing quality indicators, we included 8279 patients from the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes hospitalised with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 2018. Four hundred and eight of 8279 patients (4.9%) arrived at percutaneous coronary intervention centre by self-transport, 4791 (57.9%) arrived at percutaneous coronary intervention centre by direct emergency medical system transport, and 2900 (37.2%) were transferred from non-percutaneous coronary intervention facilities. Whilst 95.1% of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients arriving in the first 12 h received reperfusion therapy, the rates of timely reperfusion were much lower (ranging from 39.4% to 55.0% for various ST-elevation myocardial infarction pathways). The median left ventricular ejection fraction was 46% and was assessed before discharge in 86.0% of patients. Four hundred and eighty-nine of 8279 patients (5.9%) died during hospital stay. Optimal medical therapy is prescribed in 50–85% of patients depending on various clinical settings. Only one in two ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients is enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program at discharge. No patient-reported outcomes were recorded in the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Conclusions: The results of this study identified areas of healthcare system that require solid improvement. These include direct transport to percutaneous coronary intervention centre, timely reperfusion, guidelines-based medical therapy (in particular in patients with heart failure), referral to cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs. Also, there is a need for recording quality indicators associated with patient-reported outcomes.
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Gula, P. W., and E. M. Szafran. "(P1-30) Natural Disasters Challenge for Emergency and Rescue Services - Lessons Learned." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003621.
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Natural disasters challenge for Emergency and Rescue Services- lessons learned Przemyslaw Gula MD PhD, Edyta Szafran Institute for Emergency Medicine. Krakow, Poland.In the period 2008–2010 Poland experienced series of natural disasters including 3 large scales flooding, 2 periods of extremely high snowfalls followed by low temperature periods and finally local flush flooding in different locations. The time of each disaster elapsed from several days up to 6 weeks. All of them had severe impact on local infrastructure by destroying road systems, communication as well as healthcare and fire brigade facilities. The rescue efforts required evacuation, Search and Rescue operations, providing medical care and shelter. The most problems occurred in following areas: - large scale evacuation - collapse of communication systems (including 112 dispatch) - inadequate number of specialized rescue equipment (helicopters, vehicles, boats, snowmobiles, etc.) - providing EMS in affected areas - necessity of evacuating hospitals. The lessons learned showed the need for following changes: - strong trans regional coordination in means of facilitation of utilizing civil protection and military recourses - unification of operative procedures for all actors of the response operation - improvement of communication systems and reducing their vulnerability on environmental factors - establishing regional crisis management and control centers, covering the emergency response activities in affected areas - need of large-scale use of HEMS as well as Police and military helicopters in natural disasters - need for better supply in specialized rescue equipment including recue motorboats, 4 wheels drive recue vehicles and ambulances, snowmobiles, quads in local response units. The main rule of commanding the entire operation is subsidiary. Local coordinating structures should be supported by regional and central governments by supplying necessary recourses. However the operational command should be unified and include all participating units and organizations.
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Warpechowski, Marcin, and Jędrzej Jan Warpechowski. "Internet System Supporting the Work of Nurses in Long-Term Geriatric Care." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 66, no. 3 (2021): 647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2021-0040.
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Abstract The development of health sciences along with the continuous technological progress contribute to the emergence of web applications. There exist many applications supporting the work of doctors, whereas the market definitely lacks solutions supporting the work of nurses. This is particularly evident in long-term geriatric home care, in which the nursing specialization is developing rapidly. Care of elderly patients requires the nurse to collect medical documents from each visit. Considering the large number of diseases affecting elderly people and the number of required visits – which should exceed 4 a week – a decision was made to develop an Internet application supporting the work of nurses in long-term geriatric care. The application facilitates the process of geriatric patient description in order to eliminate the need for filling in paper medical records. This study presents the method of developing an Internet application supporting the work of nurses in long-term geriatric care. The software was developed based on an analysis of conclusions from a social study carried out in a group of 42 nurses providing geriatric long-term home medical care services in the district of Białystok, Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the features, functionality, and declarative interest in using the software. Conclusions from the analysis indicated that the attempt to develop the application had been justified. Moreover, conclusions from the social survey formed the basis for formulating the design assumptions. The web application was developed in the following technologies: HTML 5, CSS3, JavaScript, PHP 7, and MySQL. First, a prototype of the solution was tested in a XAMPP environment. After successful tests, the app was tested in a nursing practice. The obtained test results raise high hopes for potential commercialization of the application.
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Levin, E., A. Zarnowski, J. L. McCarty, J. Bialas, A. Banaszek, and S. Banaszek. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF INEXPENSIVE THERMAL SENSORS AND SMALL UAS DEPLOYMENT FOR LIVING HUMAN DETECTION IN RESCUE MISSIONS APPLICATION SCENARIOS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-99-2016.
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Significant efforts are invested by rescue agencies worldwide to save human lives during natural and man-made emergency situations including those that happen in wilderness locations. These emergency situations include but not limited to: accidents with alpinists, mountainous skiers, people hiking and lost in remote areas. Sometimes in a rescue operation hundreds of first responders are involved to save a single human life. There are two critical issues where geospatial imaging can be a very useful asset in rescue operations support: 1) human detection and 2) confirming a fact that detected a human being is alive. International group of researchers from the Unites States and Poland collaborated on a pilot research project devoted to identify a feasibility of use for the human detection and alive-human state confirmation small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs) and inexpensive forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensors. Equipment price for both research teams was below $8,000 including 3DR quadrotor UAV and Lepton longwave infrared (LWIR) imager which costs around $250 (for the US team); DJI Inspire 1 UAS with commercial Tamarisc-320 thermal camera (for the Polish team). Specifically both collaborating groups performed independent experiments in the USA and Poland and shared imaging data of on the ground and airborne electro-optical and FLIR sensor imaging collected. In these experiments dead bodies were emulated by use of medical training dummies. Real humans were placed nearby as live human subjects. Electro-optical imagery was used for the research in optimal human detection algorithms. Furthermore, given the fact that a dead human body after several hours has a temperature of the surrounding environment our experiments were challenged by the SUAS data optimization, i.e., distance from SUAV to object so that the FLIR sensor is still capable to distinguish temperature differences between a dummy and a real human. Our experiments indicated feasibility of use SUAVs and small thermal sensors for the human detection scenarios described above. Differences in temperatures were collected by deployed imaging acquisition platform are interpretable on FLIR images visually. Moreover, we applied ENVI image processing functions for calibration and numerical estimations of such a temperature differences. There are more potential system functionalities such as voice messages from rescue teams and even distant medication delivery for the victims of described emergencies. This paper describes experiments, processing results, and future research in more details.
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Levin, E., A. Zarnowski, J. L. McCarty, J. Bialas, A. Banaszek, and S. Banaszek. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF INEXPENSIVE THERMAL SENSORS AND SMALL UAS DEPLOYMENT FOR LIVING HUMAN DETECTION IN RESCUE MISSIONS APPLICATION SCENARIOS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-99-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Significant efforts are invested by rescue agencies worldwide to save human lives during natural and man-made emergency situations including those that happen in wilderness locations. These emergency situations include but not limited to: accidents with alpinists, mountainous skiers, people hiking and lost in remote areas. Sometimes in a rescue operation hundreds of first responders are involved to save a single human life. There are two critical issues where geospatial imaging can be a very useful asset in rescue operations support: 1) human detection and 2) confirming a fact that detected a human being is alive. International group of researchers from the Unites States and Poland collaborated on a pilot research project devoted to identify a feasibility of use for the human detection and alive-human state confirmation small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs) and inexpensive forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensors. Equipment price for both research teams was below $8,000 including 3DR quadrotor UAV and Lepton longwave infrared (LWIR) imager which costs around $250 (for the US team); DJI Inspire 1 UAS with commercial Tamarisc-320 thermal camera (for the Polish team). Specifically both collaborating groups performed independent experiments in the USA and Poland and shared imaging data of on the ground and airborne electro-optical and FLIR sensor imaging collected. In these experiments dead bodies were emulated by use of medical training dummies. Real humans were placed nearby as live human subjects. Electro-optical imagery was used for the research in optimal human detection algorithms. Furthermore, given the fact that a dead human body after several hours has a temperature of the surrounding environment our experiments were challenged by the SUAS data optimization, i.e., distance from SUAV to object so that the FLIR sensor is still capable to distinguish temperature differences between a dummy and a real human. Our experiments indicated feasibility of use SUAVs and small thermal sensors for the human detection scenarios described above. Differences in temperatures were collected by deployed imaging acquisition platform are interpretable on FLIR images visually. Moreover, we applied ENVI image processing functions for calibration and numerical estimations of such a temperature differences. There are more potential system functionalities such as voice messages from rescue teams and even distant medication delivery for the victims of described emergencies. This paper describes experiments, processing results, and future research in more details.
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Grosman-Dziewiszek, Patrycja, Benita Wiatrak, Izabela Jęśkowiak, and Adam Szeląg. "Patients’ Habits and the Role of Pharmacists and Telemedicine as Elements of a Modern Health Care System during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18 (2021): 4211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184211.
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Aims/Introduction: The Polish government introduced the epidemic on 20 March 2020, after The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in January 2020. Patients’ access to specialist clinics and family medicine clinics was limited. In this situation, pharmacists were likely the first option for patient’s health information. On 18 March 2020, the National Health Fund issued modifications that increased the accessibility to primary health care such as telemedicine. The development of e-health in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic included the implementation of electronic medical records (EDM), telemedicine development, e-prescription, and e-referrals implementation. We investigated this emergency’s effect on patients’ health habits, access to healthcare, and attitude to vaccination. Materials and methods: An anonymous study in the form of an electronic and paper questionnaire was conducted in March 2021 among 926 pharmacies patients in Poland. The content of the questionnaire included access to medical care, performing preventive examinations, implementation of e-prescriptions, patient satisfaction with telepathing, pharmaceutical care, and COVID-19 vaccination. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 456 (49.2%) patients experienced worse access to a doctor. On the other hand, 483 (52.2%) patients did not perform preventive examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost half of the patients (45.4% (n = 420)) were not satisfied with the teleconsultation visit to the doctor. A total of 90% (n = 833) of the respondents do not need help in making an appointment with a doctor and buying medications prescribed by a doctor in the form of an e-prescription. In the absence of access to medical consultation, 38.2% (n = 354) of respondents choose the Internet as a source of medical advice. However, in the absence of contact with a doctor, 229 persons (24.7%) who took part in the survey consulted a pharmacist. In addition, 239 persons (25.8%) used pharmacist advice more often during the COVID-19 pandemic than before its outbreak on 12 March 2020. Moreover, 457 (49.4%) respondents are satisfied with the advice provided by pharmacists, and even 439 patients of pharmacies (47.4%) expect an increase in the scope of pharmaceutical care in the future, including medical advice provided by pharmacists. Most of the respondents, 45.6% (n = 422), want to be vaccinated in a hospital or clinic, but at the same time, for a slightly smaller number of people, 44.6% (n = 413), it has no meaning where they are will be vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusions: Telemedicine is appreciated by patients but also has some limitations. The COVID-19 pandemic is the chance for telemedicine to transform from implementations to a routine healthcare system structure. However, some patients still need face-to-face contact with the doctor or pharmacist. Pharmacists are essential contributors to public health and play an essential role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Integration of pharmaceutical care with public health care and strong growth in the professional group of pharmacists may have optimized patient care.
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Dudziński, Łukasz, Marcin Glinka, Marzena Dudzińska, et al. "Evaluation of the abilities of the staff to perform medical rescue procedures at the advanced level in the State Fire Service in Poland in connection with an update of the Principles of Medical Rescue Organisation in the National Emergency and Fire System." Medical Research Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/mrj.a2022.0008.
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Poziomkowska-Gęsicka, Iwona, and Michał Kurek. "Clinical Manifestations and Causes of Anaphylaxis. Analysis of 382 Cases from the Anaphylaxis Registry in West Pomerania Province in Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (2020): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082787.
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Anaphylaxis is most commonly defined as an acute, severe, potentially life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Current expert consensus has defined anaphylaxis as a serious reaction that is rapid in onset and can be fatal, and is a severe, potentially life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is still rarely diagnosed. For safety reasons, patients should visit an allergologist to identify potential causes of this reaction. There are no data from other health care centres in Poland presenting characteristics of anaphylactic reactions. Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis should be analysed, because some patients (10–30%) with anaphylaxis can present without cutaneous findings. This lack of skin/mucosa involvement can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Objectives—to gather epidemiological data on anaphylactic reactions, to identify clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis (organ systems involved), to present diagnostic methods useful for the identification of anaphylaxis triggers, and most importantly, to find causes of anaphylaxis. In this retrospective analysis, we used a questionnaire-based survey regarding patients visiting the Clinical Allergology Department, Pomeranian Medical University (PMU) in Szczecin, between 2006 and 2015. The registry comprised patients with grade II (Ring and Messmer classification) or higher anaphylaxis. Patients with grade I anaphylaxis (e.g., urticaria) were not included in the registry. The incidence of anaphylaxis was higher in women. Clinical manifestations included cutaneous and cardiovascular symptoms, but more than 20% of patients did not present with cutaneous symptoms, which may create difficulties for fast and correct diagnosis. Causes of anaphylaxis were identified and confirmed by means of detailed medical interview, skin tests (STs), and measurement of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and tryptase levels. In the analysed group, the most common cause of anaphylaxis (allergic and nonallergic) was Hymenoptera stinging (wasp), drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) and foods (peanuts, tree nuts, celery). The incidence of anaphylaxis is low, but because of its nature and potentially life-threatening consequences it requires a detailed approach. Comprehensive management of patients who have had anaphylaxis can be complex, so partnerships between allergy specialists, emergency medicine and primary care providers are necessary. Monitoring its range is very important to monitor changes in allergy development.
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Makarenko, M. V., D. A. Govseev, I. V. Sokol, V. O. Berestovoy та R. N. Vorona. "Пологовий центр – нова ланка акушерської допомоги в Україні". HEALTH OF WOMAN, № 7(133) (30 вересня 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.133.17.
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In this article, data on the analysis of literature on the perinatal and maternal aspects of the domestic labor and delivery in maternity wards are conducted. For most women in developed countries, the choice of place of birth is maternity cultural norm. However, to give birth in a maternity room is a relatively recent phenomenon. In many countries, the change in birthplace has changed during the twentieth century. For example, in the UK, 80% of women were born in the 1920s, and in 2011, only 2.3%. The United States had a similar shift from 50% of births at home in 1938, to 1% in 1955. In developed countries such as Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Israel, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and in our geographical neighbors Latvia, Hungary and Poland have long been working on a three-step system of providing maternity care. This system includes: 1) Maternity Hospital – for women of high and moderate risk; 2) maternity centers in or near the hospitals, in which only the midwives receive births, and, if necessary, the woman and the child are quickly delivered to the hospital, where they will be in urgent assistance within a few minutes; 3) home births – for women from a low-risk group, accompanied by experienced certified midwives. The creation of a new obstetric link in Ukraine, the maternity center, is a promising direction for the development of all obstetrics. On the basis of Kyiv City Maternity Hospital № 5 a separate maternity center was created, which is an autonomous maternity ward office. The department has separate medical staff and maternity rooms as close as possible to home conditions. Emergency care for a mother and child takes several minutes. Key words: home birth, maternity center, perinatal aspects, maternal aspects.
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Krajewski-Siuda, Krzysztof, and Piotr Romaniuk. "Can pigeons change the emergency system in Poland?" European Journal of Public Health 16, no. 4 (2006): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckl065.
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Stachurski, Jan, Andrzej Sionek, and Robert Gałązkowski. "The use of traction splints in the Emergency Medical Teams in Poland." Emergency Medical Service 7, no. 4 (2020): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202004106.
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The aim: Traction splints are part of the procedure recommended in the femoral shaft fractures and in many countries they are equipped with ambulances. The aim was to determine the availability of traction splints in the emergency medical teams in Poland. Material and methods: The survey was conducted using a survey method, obtaining answers from 29% of administrators of emergency medical teams in Poland, representing 36% of all emergency medical teams. Results: Traction splints are found only in 11% of examined emergency medical teams in Poland, more often in specialized teams (17%) than basic ones (less than 10%). There has been wide variation between models of traction splints. Only in two cases organized cooperation between emergency departments and emergency medical teams was found in the matter of replacing traction splints in the piece-by-piece mode. Conclusions: There is low availability of traction splints at the pre-hospital stage in Poland. There is no organized cooperation between emergency departments and emergency medical teams in the matter of replacing the traction splints with the use of the piece-for-piece method.
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Bulski, W., and P. Kukołowicz. "The medical physics specialization system in Poland." Physica Medica 30 (2014): e49-e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.07.150.
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Bulski, Wojciech, Paweł Kukołowicz, and Witold Skrzyński. "The medical physics specialization system in Poland." Physica Medica 32, no. 7 (2016): 914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.06.011.
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JAKUBIAK, Ewa. "COORDINATION AND OPERATION NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND FIRE SYSTEM IN POLAND." National Security Studies 18, no. 2 (2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/sbn/145295.
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Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koordynacji działania krajowego systemu ratowniczo-gaśniczego w Polsce, jako integralnej części organizacji bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa. System ten skupia jednostki ochrony przeciwpożarowej oraz inne służby, inspekcje i straże. Krajowy system ratowniczo – gaśniczy realizuje zadania w sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych zagrożeń ludzi lub środowiska, które stanowią istotny element sytemu ochrony ludności. System ten zapewnia udoskonalenie czynności i efektywność oraz skuteczność użytych środków i sił do wykonywania zarówno prostych oraz nieskomplikowanych zadań, jak również dużych oraz długotrwałych akcji. System ten zapewnia również jawność dowodzenia. Rozkazodawstwo i kompatybilność działań i sprzętu w różnych działaniach ratowniczych charakteryzuje się wysoką gotowością operacyjną oraz sprawnością podmiotów ratowniczych, które znajdują się w systemie. W prezentowanym artykule Autorka dąży do odpowiedzi na następujące pytanie: W jaki sposób proces koordynacji działania krajowego systemu ratowniczo- gaśniczego w Polsce umożliwia realizowanie podstawowych zadań ratowniczych, dostosowując je do specyfiki i rodzaju zdarzeń, klęsk żywiołowych?
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Rondio, Zdzislaw, and Witold Jurczyk. "Role of Anesthesiology in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Poland." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044150.
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Improvements of results in emergency care of critically ill patients can be realized if EMS organizations are properly based on local conditions. The Emergency Medical Unit is the first of three parts of the Integrated Health Service in Poland. The second part is in-hospital treatment. The third part is outpatient care. In most hospitals, the head of the department of anesthesiology and intensive therapy coordinates each emergency medical unit. Each unit consists of ambulances (mobile intensive care units), admission (emergency) rooms, and an intensive medical care unit (ICU). A specialization program was created and physicians who complete this type of training obtain the title “specialist in anesthesiology and intensive therapy.”This four year specialization program contains the educational elements necessary to administer all types of modern anesthesia, and provides full preparation for work in mobile and stationary intensive medical care units as well. Such training has also given these specialists the chance to initiate treatment methods for chronic pain. An examination consisting of practical tests, multiple choice written knowledge tests, and oral tests completes the program. The latter is a conversation with a commission, consisting of full professors and associate professors in anesthesiology and intensive therapy.
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OSTROWSKA, RENATA. "UNIFORMED SERVICES AND EMERGENCY CALL SYSTEM COOPERATION." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 142, no. 2 (2021): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2511.
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The study contains the most important information regarding the functioning of uniformed services in the emergency alert system. The matter of the utmost importance is to provide operation and cooperation of the Police and State Fire Brigade with emergency alert system centres. Smooth coordination in terms of sending emergency services units, emergency aid units and extensive cooperation with uniformed services in case of major disasters, are the advantages of the 112 alert system implemented by Poland.
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MAEKAWA, KAZUHIKO. "Emergency Medical System in U.S.A." Juntendo Medical Journal 32, no. 1 (1986): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.32.27.
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Padilha, José Miguel, and Nelson Coimbra. "The Portuguese Emergency Medical System." Journal of Emergency Nursing 41, no. 3 (2015): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2015.02.007.
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Narad, Richard A. "Emergency Medical Services System Design." Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 8, no. 1 (1990): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8627(20)30297-2.
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Pniewski, Roman, Daniel Pietruszczak, and Michał Ciupak. "Medical transport of ambulances. Analysis of travel time." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (2018): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.235.
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The paper discusses medical transport in Poland. An ambulance was defined and the way in which emergency medical services in Poland were operated. In the further part of the paper an analysis of the research related to the registration of travel times of specialized vehicles such as ambulances was shown.
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Paszkowska, Małgorzata. "MEDICAL TELECONSULTATION IN THE POLISH HEALTHCARE SYSTEM." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 7 (2019): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201907121.
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Telemedicine is a relatively new form of medicine and healthcare combining elements of telecommunications, IT and medicine. Telemedicine is also increasingly important in Poland. Currently, the law allows for the provision of medical health services using ICT systems. For physicians in practice the most important is the possibility of teleconsultation. The public payer (National Health Fund) is financing in Poland the teleconsylum cardiology and geriatrics. The subject of the article is the presentation of the possibility of providing medical teleconsultations in the Polish healthcare system.
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Leclercq, G., C. Lapandry, and P. Magne. "352 The French Emergency Medical System." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, S3 (1993): S150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00049141.
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FitzGerald, Gerry. "An emergency medical system for Australia." Emergency Medicine 6, no. 3 (2009): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1994.tb00160.x.
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