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Academic literature on the topic 'Medical ethics – united states – cases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Medical ethics – united states – cases"

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Meacham, Katharine R., Ira Sloan, and Robyn A. Latessa. "Practical tips for teaching ethics and humanism to medical students." MedEdPublish 12 (March 23, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/mep.19022.1.

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This article presents the results of a decade’s experiment in creating a longitudinal ethics and humanism curriculum for the core clinical year at UNC School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States. This curriculum applies published research on best practices in medical ethics education. Sample comments from course evaluations of the students who have completed this curriculum provide support for its success at achieving its desired learning outcomes. To create a similar ethics curriculum in the core clinical year at other medical schools, there are twelve practical tips: preparation: read the research on the ethical challenges for medical students; recruit an interdisciplinary teaching team; create cohorts for this aspect of the curriculum that will stay together for the year; grade only with pass/fail; have the students bring the cases from their clinical experiences; feed them if possible, and structure the time together carefully. Use a narrative ethics methodology and introduce alternative methods for student writing and group process. Connect students with literature in medical humanities and bioethics and encourage publication of their narratives. As with any good creation, the whole is more than the sum of its parts, and each campus can adapt these guidelines for their people and programs.

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Wild, V., M. Frick, and J. Denholm. "WHO ethics guidance on TB care and migration: challenges to the implementation process." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0882.

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We summarise the current ethical guidance on tuberculosis (TB) care and migration, as set out in the WHO “Ethics Guidance for the Implementation of the End TB Strategy.” Among other aspects, the Ethics Guidance states that there should be firm legal principles in place that ensure the enforcement of migration law on the one hand and the protection of human rights, including the right to health, on the other are separated from one another. As a challenge to the Ethics Guidance and its implementation, we describe two cases, each of which typifies particular problems. Case one describes the experience of a migrant worker in the United Arab Emirates who is deported when mandatory medical exams show evidence of current or prior TB. Case two raises the issue of providing more than TB care, which may also be needed for holistic care. The paper concludes with our suggestions for ways in which we could make progress towards ethically optimal TB care for migrants.

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Landa, Amy Snow, and Carl Elliott. "From Community to Commodity: The Ethics of Pharma-Funded Social Networking Sites for Physicians." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12077.

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In September 2006, a small start-up company in Cambridge, MA called Sermo, Inc., launched a social networking site with an unusual twist: only physicians practicing medicine in the United States would be allowed to participate. Sermo, which means “conversation” in Latin, marketed its website as an online community exclusively for doctors that would allow them to talk openly (and anonymously) about a range of topics, from challenging and unusual medical cases to the relative merits of one treatment versus another. “Sermo enables the private and instant exchange of knowledge among MDs,” the company announced in its first press release. Even better, participation was free and the site carried no advertising.

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Kelly, Carly N., and Michelle M. Mello. "Are Medical Malpractice Damages Caps Constitutional? An Overview of State Litigation." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 3 (2005): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00515.x.

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The United States is in its fifth year of what is now widely referred to as “the new medical malpractice crisis.” Although some professional liability insurers have begun to report improvements in their overall financial margins, there are few signs that the trend toward higher costs is reversing itself - particularly for doctors and hospitals. In 2003-2004, the presidential election and tort reform proposals in Congress brought heightened public attention to the need for some type of policy intervention to ease the effects of the crisis.The darling of tort reformers at both the federal and state levels has been legislation to limit, or “cap,” damages awarded to plaintiffs in malpractice cases. Health care provider groups, liability insurers, and the Bush Administration have all seized on the example of California's MICRA law, which since 1975 has capped noneconomic damages in malpractice cases at a flat $250,000, as the path to financial recovery.

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GRAZI, RICHARD V., JOEL B. WOLOWELSKY, and DAVID J. KRIEGER. "Sex Selection by Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) for Nonmedical Reasons in Contemporary Israeli Regulations." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 17, no. 3 (May 21, 2008): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180108080353.

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We report here on recent developments in Israel on the issue of sex selection for nonmedical reasons by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Sex selection for medical reasons (such as in cases of sex-linked genetic diseases) is generally viewed as uncontroversial and legal in European and American law. Its use for nonmedical reasons (like “balancing” the gender ratio in a family) is generally illegal in European countries. In the United States, it is not illegal, although in the opinion of the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), it is problematic. This position is undergoing reconsideration, albeit in a limited way.

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Modlin, Chelsea E., Andrea C. Vilorio, Benjamin Stoff, Dawn L. Comeau, Tewodros H. Gebremariam, Miliard Derbew, Henry M. Blumberg, Carlos del Rio, and Russell R. Kempker. "American Medical Trainee Perspectives on Ethical Conflicts during a Short-Term Global Health Rotation in Ethiopia: A Qualitative Analysis of 30 Cases." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 106, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0179.

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ABSTRACT. There has been a significant increase in the number of students, residents, and fellows from high-income settings participating in short-term global health experiences (STGHEs) during their medical training. This analysis explores a series of ethical conflicts reported by medical residents and fellows from Emory University School of Medicine in the United States who participated in a 1-month global health rotation in Ethiopia. A constant comparative analysis was conducted using 30 consecutive reflective essays to identify emerging categories and themes of ethical conflicts experienced by the trainees. Ethical conflicts were internal; based in the presence of the visiting trainee and their personal interactions; or external, occurring due to witnessed events. Themes within internal conflicts include issues around professional identity and insufficient preparation for the rotation. External experiences were further stratified by the trainee’s perception that Ethiopian colleagues agreed that the scenario represented an ethical conflict (congruent) or disagreed with the visiting trainee’s perspective (incongruent). Examples of congruent themes included recognizing opportunities for collaboration and witnessing ethical conflicts that are similar to those experienced in the United States. Incongruent themes included utilization of existing resources, issues surrounding informed consent, and differing expectations of clinical outcomes. By acknowledging the frequency and roots of ethical conflicts experienced during STGHEs, sponsors may better prepare visiting trainees and reframe these conflicts as collaborative educational experiences that benefit both the visiting trainee and host providers.

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Veerapen, Richard J. "Informed Consent: Physician Inexperience is a Material Risk for Patients." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 3 (2007): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00170.x.

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The Canadian law governing informed consent was significantly influenced by the decision of its Supreme Court in Reibl v. Hughes, a case that involved a physician’s failure to warn the patient about the risk of stroke after carotid endarterectomy. Even though most Canadian plaintiffs after Reibl have continued to lose informed consent cases, it is likely that the judgement in this case has significantly influenced the manner in which physicians now approach the discussion of risk while obtaining consent not only in Canada but also in several other jurisdictions.The development of informed consent law in the United States similarly became one of the drivers for change in physicians’ practices of information disclosure to their patients. The effect of Reibl on clinical practice is an outstanding example of the law’s positive influence on medical practice, especially in protecting patient autonomy during collaborative medical decision-making.

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Safyer, Steven M., Lynn Richmond, Eran Bellin, and David Fletcher. "Tuberculosis in Correctional Facilities: The Tuberculosis Control Program of the Montefiore Medical Center Rikers Island Health Services." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 21, no. 3-4 (1993): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1993.tb01259.x.

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“Recognizing that prisons disproportionately confine sick people, with mental illness, substance abuse, HIV disease among other illnesses; and that prisoners are subject to further morbidity and mortality in these institutions, due to lack of access and/or resources for health care, overcrowding, violence, emotional deprivation, and suicide.…(APHA) condemns the social practice of mass imprisonment.”After decades of steady decline, tuberculosis has emerged as a significant public health threat in the United States. The rising rates of tuberculosis cases, an increasing proportion of which are resistant to standard chemotherapies, are linked to the many scourges threatening our communities: the explosion of poverty, drug use, violence, the HIV epidemic, and the concomitant rise in congregate housing including homeless shelters, residential drug treatment programs and incarceration facilities. Jails and prisons have disproportionately high rates of tuberculosis infection and have been implicated as points of tuberculosis spread and, as such, are a critical point for tuberculosis control interventions.

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Acosta, Nefi D., and Sidney H. Golub. "The New Federalism: State Policies Regarding Embryonic Stem Cell Research." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 44, no. 3 (2016): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110516667939.

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Stem cell policy in the United States is an amalgam of federal and state policies. The scientific development of human pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) triggered a contentious national stem cell policy debate during the administration of President George W. Bush. The Bush “compromise” that allowed federal funding to study only a very limited number of ESC derived cell lines did not satisfy either the researchers or the patient advocates who saw great medical potential being stifled. Neither more restrictive legislation nor expansion of federal funding proved politically possible and the federal impasse opened the door for a variety of state-based experiments. In 2004, California became the largest and most influential state venture into stem cell research by passing “Prop 71,” a voter initiative that created a new stem cell agency and funded it with $3 billion. Several states followed suit with similar programs to protect the right of investigators to do stem cell research and in some cases to invest state funding in such projects. Other states devised legislation to restrict stem cell research and in five states, criminal penalties were included. Thus, the US stem cell policy is a patchwork of multiple, often conflicting, state and federal policies.

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Barnes, Mark, and Patrik S. Florencio. "Financial Conflicts of Interest in Human Subjects Research: The Problem of Institutional Conflicts." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 3 (2002): 390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00408.x.

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In both academic literature and the media, financial conflicts of interest in human subjects research have come center-stage. The cover of a recent edition of Time magazine features a research subject in a cage with the caption human guinea pigs, signifying perhaps that human research subjects are no more protected from research abuses than are laboratory animals. That magazine issue highlights three well-publicized cases of human subjects research violations that occurred at the University of Oklahoma, the University of Pennsylvania, and Johns Hopkins University.At St. John Medical Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma, a study that was co-sponsored by the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center investigated an experimental vaccine for malignant melanoma. In that case, the chair of the university's institutional review board (IRB) — the committee within each medical institution charged with ethics review of human research projects undertaken at that institution — and the dean of the University's College of Medicine allegedly concealed from both the IRB and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a report by an outside consulting firm that had found severe deficiencies with the melanoma vaccine study being conducted at the medical center.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical ethics – united states – cases"

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Richter, John F. "A contemporary theological analysis of the euthanasia debate within the United States." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Grbic, Jelica. "Medical cannabis in the United States: Policy, politics and science." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1619.

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Historically, cannabis has been used as a pharmaceutical drug for a variety of conditions including rheumatism, depression, convulsions, and malaria. Since the 1970s, randomised, controlled clinical trials have shown cannabis to be effective in the treatment of debilitating medical conditions including nausea and vomiting resulting from cancer chemotherapy, wasting syndrome associated with HIV/AIDS, and chronic pain. Despite scientific evidence, as of 2011, when the material for this thesis was collected, only 17 states of the United States (U.S.) and the District of Columbia had enacted medical cannabis laws allowing patients with specific medical conditions to use cannabis without being criminally prosecuted. This thesis examines two components of the medical cannabis policy: the medical cannabis policy process in five representative states of the U.S., and the factors influencing the formation of such a process. The first part of the thesis chronologically documents the passing, attempts to pass, and failure to pass medical cannabis policies in five U.S. states; two with a current medical cannabis law; one where attempts to pass a law have been made, but a law has not yet been passed; and two states where no or few attempts at passing a medical cannabis law have been made. The second part of the thesis used a questionnaire to elicit the factors influencing policies as perceived by three groups. Group one comprised individuals directly involved in the medical cannabis policy process in at least one of the five states referred to above and group two comprised individuals participating in research in the alcohol and other drug field. Group four comprised members of the International Society for the Study of Drug Policy (ISSDP). The study found that, despite the expectation that the same rules would apply to cannabis as other medicine, the medical cannabis process appears to be less medically and more politically driven, with scientific evidence having limited influence. The results suggest that there are a number of interlinking factors which played a role in the passing or failure to pass medical cannabis laws in U.S. states, and the level of influence of these factors can vary according to context or conditions placed on them. Three major themes emerged in relation to the factors influencing policy: the role of scientific evidence, the political process, and the interaction between factors. It is hoped that this thesis will be viewed as an observation of the medical cannabis process, not only from the researcher’s point of view but from the views of those who participated in the process, researched the process, or observed the changes in medical cannabis laws over the years

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Audrain, Susan Connor. "Ethics in Technical Communication: Historical Context for the Human Radiation Experiments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4820/.

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To illustrate the intersection of ethical language and ethical frameworks within technical communication, this dissertation analyzes the history and documentation of the human radiation experiments of the 1940s through the 1970s. Research propositions included clarifying the link between medical documentation and technical communication by reviewing the literature that links the two disciplines from the ancient period to the present; establishing an appropriate historiography for the human radiation experiments by providing a context of the military, political, medical, and rhetorical milieu of the 1940s to the 1970s; closely examining and analyzing actual human radiation experiment documentation, including proposals, letters, memos, and consent forms, looking for established rhetorical constructions that indicate a document adheres to or diverts from specific ethical frameworks; and suggesting the importance of the human radiation documents for studying ethics in technical communication. Close rhetorical analysis of the documents included with this project reveals consistent patterns of metadiscourse, passive and nominal writing styles, and other rhetorical constructions, including negative language, redundancies, hedges, and intensifiers, that could lead a reader to misunderstand the writer's original ethical purpose. Ultimately this project finds that technical communicators cannot classify language itself as ethical or unethical; the language is simply the framework with which the experimenters construct their arguments and communicate their work. Technical communicators can, however, consider the ethical nature of behavior according to specific ethical frameworks and determine whether language contributes to the behavior.

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Schlosser, Allison V. "Subjectivity and Moral Personhood: An Ethnography of Addiction Treatment in the United States." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1528722783811988.

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Hadjimaleki, Sohayla K. "Replacing health insurance with health assurance establishing the right to health care and the need for reform in the United States /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://165.236.235.140/lib/SHadjimaleki2009.pdf.

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Krapf, Elizabeth Maria. "Euthanasia, the Ethics of Patient Care and the Language of Propaganda." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/606.

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This thesis is an examination of euthanasia, eugenics, the ethic of patient care, and linguistic propaganda in the Second World War. The examination of euthanasia discusses not only the history and involvement of the facility at Hadamar in Germany, but also discuss the current euthanasia debate. Euthanasia in World War II arose out of the Nazi desire to cleanse the Reich and was greatly influenced by the American eugenics movement of the early 20th century. Eugenics was built up to include anyone considered undesirable and unworthy of life and killed many thousands of people before the invasion of allied troops in 1944. Paramount to euthanasia is forced sterilization, the ethic of patient care, and how the results of the research conducted on euthanasia victims before their deaths should be used. The Nazis were able to change the generally accepted terms that researchers use to describe their experiments and this change affected how modern doctors and researchers use the terms in current research. This thesis includes research conducted in Germany and the United States from varied resources.

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Morrell, Eric Douglas. "WHO ARE YOU CALLING NORMAL! – THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIES FUNCTION AND HEALTH CARE JUSTICE." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1699.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Includes vitae. Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Advisor(s): Peter H. Schwartz. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-66)

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Insa, Calderón Esther. "El ser gen-ètic: etnografia de l'experiència de Malaltia Hereditària a Barcelona i Los Ángeles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398657.

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Des dels anys 60 fins a l'actualitat hi ha hagut un desplegament del camp de la genètica sense precedents a les societats occidentals. Això ha portat el descobriment de noves malalties d'origen genètic, algunes d'elles susceptibles de ser transmeses a la descendència. Des de l'antropologia, l'aproximació a la dimensió cultural de les malalties genètiques i hereditàries s'ha dut a terme sobretot des del paradigma interpretativista o hermenèutic. En canvi, l'aproximació des d'una perspectiva fenomenològica, que aborda l'experiència de malaltia, s'ha dut a terme en menor grau. L'objectiu de la tesi és precisament descriure un tipus d'experiència viscuda per les persones amb una malaltia hereditària, l'experiència ètica. En concret, he analitzat com l'experiència ètica ha estat viscuda i articulada per persones amb un diagnòstic de malaltia hereditària a partir de la indagació en les seves moralitats encarnades, en els moments ètics i de ruptura moral, així com en el treball que realitzen sobre el seu jo a partir dels seus desitjos en el camí d'arribar a ser. Es tracta, doncs, d'una etnografia que parteix de la perspectiva teoricometodològica fenomenolò-gica, i el treball de camp ha estat realitzat en dues societats occidentals: Barcelona i Los Angeles (Califòrnia). La tesi, a partir de les narratives, proporciona, d'una banda, evidència de com el cos reporta moralitat i ètica i com aquestes són posades en pràctica en la vida quotidiana. D'altra banda, ofereix els retrats íntims de quatre persones a les quals la (dis)capacitat, els símptomes, el com-promís de la supervivència i l'estigma els han fet experimentar una remodelació de les seves personalitats morals, que només poden ser enteses a partir de la intersecció dels seus condici-onants històrics, socials i culturals particulars. El resultat és una altra aproximació a la comprensió del cos a partir del coneixement de l'experi-ència moral i ètica, dels processos a partir dels quals les persones són cultivades i transformen els seus mons i, amb ells, el món anomenat occidental.
Since the 1960s, there has been unprecedented research done in the field of genetics in western societies. This has led to discoveries of new genetic diseases, some of them susceptible to here-ditary transmission. From an anthropological point of view, the approximation of genetic and hereditary diseases to the cultural dimension has been carried out mostly from an interpretive or hermeneutic paradigm. However, the approximation from a phenomenological perspective, which addresses the experience of the disease, has been less researched. The objective of the thesis is precisely to describe the types of experience lived by individuals with a hereditary di-sease, the ethical experience. Specifically, I analyzed how the ethical experience was lived and articulated by individuals diagnosed with a hereditary disease by looking into their embodied moralities, in moments of ethical choice and moral breakdown, as well as the work that they do on their sense of self according to their desires in the path to self-realization. This is, in other words, an ethnography based on a phenomenological theoretical-methodological perspective, and the fieldwork was carried out in two western societies, Barcelona and Los Angeles (California). From the narratives, the thesis provides, on one hand, evidence of how the body produces mo-rality and ethics, and how they are put into practice in day-to-day life. On the other hand, it offers intimate portraits of four individuals whose (dis)ability, symptoms, commitment to sur-vival and stigma have made them experience a remodelling of their moral personalities that can only be understood through the intersection of their particular historical, social and cultural determinants. The result is another approximation to the understanding of the body through the knowledge of moral and ethical experience, through the processes which cultivate individuals, transform their worlds and, with them, the western world.

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Mawdsley, Stephen Edward. "Fighting polio : selling the gamma globulin field trials, 1950-1953." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252270.

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CHEN, BO-AN, and 陳柏安. "Patent tort law analysis of 3D printing-United States medical cases, for example." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rfj669.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系
103
With the vigorous development of Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) technology in recent years, prompting the people have dreamed of becoming a "makers”, When the "second industrial revolution" came, creating standardized and the industrial technology, the achievements of the now successful aircraft, automobile technological advancements, however, now claims to be the "third industrial revolution" era, with the rise of individualism, a small amount of diverse consumption trend of customized products has become, believed in the importance would be bring a new era of disruptive technologies. Second chapter contains 3D health now and in the future development of the industry, this paper will discuss each, composed of recently-built, more and more communities use 3D printer to try to solve all kinds of problems, and the use of open software and hardware resources the ongoing discovery, is caused by a number of subsequent legal issues In the fourth chapter, according to Gorham detection and the Litton makes novelty features description-d printing problems you may encounter in the future and in the fifth chapter of United States patent infringement case to describe existing print to create problems in the future. However, in the middle of the fourth chapter of this study to investigate United States Court pointed out that the Egyptian Goddess case, for design patent infringement judgment of the prior art should be reasonably familiar with relevant General observer, it differs from a design patent and prior art, then judge charged with infringing design and that the design patent is substantially the same. So I think the case to judge standards more in line with legal and legislative intent of the design patent the patent system, is worth and practice and use for reference.Last hope that this article can make review and amendments of the patent law in China, increased protection of the rights of patents owned by it.Moreover, when the judgment similar to the tort occurred, also improved patent law judgments can avoid all possible legal problems. Key word: 3D printing, the third industrial revolution, patent infringement, patent law、Egyptian Goddess、Gorham detection

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Books on the topic "Medical ethics – united states – cases"

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A, Hall Mark. Health care law and ethics. 7th ed. New York: Aspen Publishers, 2007.

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Anne, Bobinski Mary, and Orentlicher David 1955-, eds. Health care law and ethics. 6th ed. New York: Aspen Publishers, 2003.

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1933-, Preston Thomas A., and Pfund Nancy E, eds. Worse than the disease: Pitfalls of medical progress. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

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William, Meadow, ed. Neonatal bioethics: The moral challenges of medical innovation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

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M, Bast Carol, ed. Foundations of law: Cases, commentary, and ethics. 5th ed. Clifton Park, N.Y: Delmar Cengage Learning, 2011.

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L, Caplan Arthur, McCartney James J, and Sisti Dominic A, eds. The case of Terri Schiavo: Ethics at the end of life. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2006.

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Sheila, McLean, ed. Medical law and ethics. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate/Dartmouth, 2002.

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Lipman, Michel. Medical law & ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Regents/Prentice Hall, 1994.

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F, McKenzie Nancy, ed. The Crisis in health care: Ethical issues. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Meridian, 1990.

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Carter, Grace M. Payment rates for unusual medicare hospital cases. Santa Monica (1700 Main St., Santa Monica 90407-2138): RAND, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medical ethics – united states – cases"

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Tohid, Hassaan, and Steven R. Daugherty. "Medical Ethics and International Medical Graduates." In International Medical Graduates in the United States, 265–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62249-7_17.

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Hester, D. Micah. "Healthcare Privacy in an Electronic Data Age." In Technology, Work and Globalization, 193–204. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51063-2_10.

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AbstractIn the evolving landscape of healthcare, the tension between patient privacy and the necessity for information sharing presents complex ethical and legal dilemmas. Medical confidentiality is not an absolute principle; laws, such as HIPAA in the United States, provide both protective frameworks and conditions for permissible breaches. These may include mandated reporting of communicable diseases for public health, “duty to warn” cases where imminent harm is threatened, and legal mandates like court orders. With the digitization of healthcare records and the rise of telemedicine, maintaining the integrity of confidential information has become even more challenging. Issues extend to parental access to minors’ records, access granted to family members of incapacitated adults, and the use of biobanking in research. While technology poses new risks, it also offers ways to enhance security and confidentiality. The healthcare sector must balance the utilization of technology with robust measures to mitigate risks to patient privacy. Promoting a culture of confidentiality remains crucial to address these challenges and protect the privacy rights of patients.

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Layde, Joseph B. "The Legal Framework of Medical Ethics in the United States." In Professionalism and Ethics in Medicine, 27–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1686-3_2.

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Rothman, David J. "Human Experimentation and the Origins of Bioethics in the United States." In Social Science Perspectives on Medical Ethics, 185–200. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1930-3_10.

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Pellegrino, Edmund D. "Medical Ethics and Moral Philosophy in an Era of Bioethics." In The Development of Bioethics in the United States, 241–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4011-2_14.

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Erde, Edmund L. "Professionalism vs. Medical Ethics in the Current Era: A Battle of Giants?" In The Development of Bioethics in the United States, 179–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4011-2_11.

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Brody, Howard. "Teaching at the University of Texas Medical Branch, 1971–1974: Humanities, Ethics, or Both?" In The Development of Bioethics in the United States, 25–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4011-2_3.

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Eagan, Sheena. "Military Medical Ethics & the United States: An Overview of Recent Developments in the Operationalized Landscape." In Military and Humanitarian Health Ethics, 19–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80443-5_2.

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Walters, Leroy. "Religion and the Renaissance of Medical Ethics in the United States: 1965–1975." In Philosophy and Medicine, 3–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7723-6_1.

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Reiser, Stanley Joel. "Creating a medical profession in the United States: The first Code of Ethics of the American medical association." In The Codification of Medical Morality, 89–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-27444-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Medical ethics – united states – cases"

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Hsueh, Andy, Kelly Fong, Kayla Kendrics, Nadia Saddiqi, Tammy Phan, Ellen Reibling, and Brian Wolk. "Unwitting Adult Marijuana Poisoning: A Case Series." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.34.

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Study purpose: With increasing state legalization, marijuana use has become commonplace throughout much of the United States. This has resulted in expected and potentially dangerous consequences. Existing literature on unintentional exposure focuses primarily on the pediatric population. Despite mounting cases of unintentional exposure to marijuana, minimal research has been published on the effects of non-consensual marijuana consumption in adults. Here, we report on a cluster of adults with unwitting marijuana exposure. Methods: A cluster of patients who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) within one hour of ingesting marijuana-contaminated food at a wedding reception event were subsequently referred to the Medical Toxicology Service. We conducted a retrospective analysis of twelve subject charts who were exposed to the marijuana-contaminated food and a qualitative analysis of six of the 12 subjects’ experiences who willingly consented to be interviewed. The interviews were then analyzed and coded to categorize common themes within the subjects’ experiences. Themes categorically selected throughout the interview analysis included “Thoughts & Feelings” and “Effect on Work.” The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results: Three of the subjects (25%) required prolonged observation due to persistent symptoms of acute marijuana intoxication. Eleven (92%) were urine immunoassay positive for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Two subjects (17%) tested positive for ethanol in their blood. None of the subjects reported a prior history of marijuana use. Common symptoms experienced by the subjects included confusion (50%), difficulty speaking (67%), nausea (25%), tremors (17%), and feelings of unreality (33%). All interviewed subjects reported sleepiness and three (50%) reported a negative impact on work. Subjects also reported multiple emotions, including anger, confusion, disbelief, and helplessness. None of the cases resulted in admission to the intensive care unit or death. Conclusions: Our case series illuminates the effects of unwitting and/or unintentional marijuana exposure in adults, with sufficient systemic effects resulting in individuals seeking emergency care. Legal and ethical barriers have limited the study of marijuana outside of controlled conditions. While the exposure in this study did not result in admission to the ICU or death, it did result in psychological distress and reported symptoms lasting weeks after the incident. As marijuana becomes readily available, the potential as an unwitting or even malicious intoxicant may increase.

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Zhao, Zhuo, Javier Coronel Baracaldo, Juliana Palacio Varona, Roberto Rueda-Esteban, and Zion Tsz Ho Tse. "3D Printing Realistic Endobronchial Models for Surgical Planning and Simulation." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6858.

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Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women globally. More than one million lung cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. The leading cause of cancer death is lung cancer in the United States and worldwide [1]. According to the American Cancer Society, there were an estimated 222,500 new cases of lung cancer and 155,870 deaths from lung cancer in the United States in 2017. Early detection and diagnosis, as well as accurate localization in lung intervention, are the keys to reducing the death rate from lung cancer [1].

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Dehghani, Hossein, Shihao Zhang, Pankaj Kulkarni, Pradipta Biswas, Leslie Simms, and Sang-Eun Song. "Design and Simulation of Robotic Needle Guide for Transperineal Prostate Biopsy." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6867.

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Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death for males in the United States [1]. Over three million Americans with prostate cancer were reported in 2016 [2] marking the prostate cancer as the most prevalent cancer among males in the US. In 2016, 180,890 new cases and 26,120 deaths were reported [1]. The prostate is a male reproductive gland located in the pelvis and surrounded by the rectum posteriorly and the bladder superiorly.

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Peirson, Bradley, and Nael Barakat. "Global Engineering Ethics: A Marketing Approach." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12789.

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There is no doubt that the world is shrinking in many ways, including the ways that engineers from various nations collaborate and share ideas. Along with major international projects such as the international space station, corporations in the United States and abroad are carrying out international engineering tasks on a daily basis. Such collaborations have been of great benefit to the engineering profession because of the free exchange of ideas and engineering talents. One of the main problems facing engineers in the international arena, however, is the lack of a common ethical background. The debate about how to create a common, global code of ethics for engineers has been carried out for several years. The aim of this paper is not add to the arguments about what should be included in a global code of ethics. The purpose of this paper is, in fact, to present a method by which an international organization tasked with the development and administration of such a code could go about attracting potential members. A common code of ethics, containing tenets that most engineering societies around the world already agree upon, is laid down as the framework. From this the basic operation of an international engineering society is outlined. With this basic starting point established the discussion proceeds to the techniques that an international society would need to employ in order grow in numbers and gain credibility among the profession. Further discussion leads to incorporation of these ideas into the education of engineers at the undergraduate level. Ethical training is currently incorporated into undergraduate curricula at many universities in the US. In many cases, however, this portion of the curriculum is limited to western ethical philosophies and the codes of ethics of the American engineering societies. Undergraduate engineering education is designed to develop the next generation to lead their engineering fields. With the prevalence of international collaboration in engineering it is almost assured that these future engineers will be international engineers, to some degree. This paper presents not only a method for attracting potential members to an international engineering society, but also means to prepare future engineers to be responsible members of the international engineering community.

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Navitsky, Michael A., Jason C. Nanna, Joseph J. Pearson, Matthew P. Scanlon, Frank C. Lynch, Suzanne M. Shontz, and Keefe B. Manning. "Particle Image Velocimetry Flow Measurements About a Vena Cava Filter." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19544.

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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition in which blood clots form in the lower extremities, often times the right leg, or pelvis region. These blood clots are formed through a variety of circumstances including: injury to the vessel wall, decreased blood supply, or increased clotting factors. Complications from DVT often arise when the blood clot breaks free forming a pulmonary embolism (PE). The incidence of such an occurrence is over 600,000 cases per year in the United States. If the PE is allowed to travel through the vascular system, occlusion of the pulmonary arteries and death may result. There are over 200,000 deaths attributed to this cause every year in the United States.

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Taurogińska-Stich, Agnieszka. "Adaptacja wstępna w systemie wyższej edukacji wojskowej na potrzeby." In Nové trendy profesijnej prípravy v Ozbrojených silách. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/ntpp.b.2023.9788080406486.130-143.

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The article presents a proposal for how to form cadet competencies in the process of initial adaptation to a military academy. A simplified model of cadet initial adaptation aimed at basic leadership competencies to achieve personal development in terms of ethics and morality, building self discipline and social relations was proposed. The need to strengthen the system of education for security and defense within military departmental universities was identified. A survey of experts' opinions and a qualitative analysis of cases of competence formation of military students in the process of initial adaptation in selected land forces academies, i.e. the Polish Academy of Land Forces named after General Kosciuszko (AWL), the United States Military Academy (USMA) of West Point, the Austrian Theresian military academy i.e. Theresia Military Academy of the Federal Ministry of Defense (TM), the Greek military academy i.e. Military School "Evelpidon" (S.S.E). Only the direction of educational activities to ensure high quality command for strengthening security and defense was indicated.

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Huang, Robert J., Sungho Park, Tanvi Chitre, Jeanne Shen, Teri Longacre, and Joo Ha Hwang. "Abstract C059: A case-control study of risk factors for advanced gastric intestinal metaplasia in a multiethnic United States population (The Stanford GAPS Study)." In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-c059.

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Hunter, ChaKaria, Marco Cesante, Sheng Xu, Bradford J. Wood, and Reza Seifabadi. "Sensor-Less Fully Transperineal Fusion-Guided Prostate Biopsy." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3356.

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Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in the United States with an estimated 181,000 new cases and 26,000 deaths in 2016 [1]. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis in which the imaging and needle insertion are both done transrectally. Since ultrasound guidance results in insufficient sensitivity of prostate cancer diagnosis (40–60%), fusion of preoperative MRI with real-time US has been proposed to increase the sensitivity (∼ 90%). Transperineal biopsies have recently gained attention using a brachytherapy grid to biopsy through the perineum rather than the rectum, practically eliminating the possibility of infection. To enable MR-US fusion, electromagnetic tracking system is commonly used to make a 3D volume out of a stack of 2D US images acquired during an initial sweep of prostate. The EM tracking however is somewhat undesirable as it adds to the cost of the procedure and is prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method that eliminates the need for such external tracking devices and inserts the needle transperineally thus reducing infection risks. Also, the procedure is more comfortable to the patient since the TRUS probe is eliminated. A patient specific grid template is designed based on the MR image of the patient.

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Alamdari, Nasim, Nicholas MacKinnon, Fartash Vasefi, Reza Fazel-Rezai, Minhal Alhashim, Alireza Akhbardeh, Daniel L. Farkas, and Kouhyar Tavakolian. "Effect of Lesion Segmentation in Melanoma Diagnosis for a Mobile Health Application." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3522.

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In 2016, more than 76,380 new melanoma cases were diagnosed and 10,130 people were expected to die from skin cancer in the United States (one death per hour) [1]. A recent study demonstrates that the economic burden of skin cancer treatment is substantial and, in the United States, the cost was increased from $3.6 billion in 2002–2006 to $8.1 billion in 2007–2011 [2]. Monitoring moderate and high-risk patients and identifying melanoma in the earliest stage of disease should save lives and greatly diminish the cost of treatment. In this project, we are focused on detection and monitoring of new potential melanoma sites with medium/high risk patients. We believe those patients have a serious need and they need to be motivated to be engaged in their treatment plan. High-risk patients are more likely to be engaged with their skin health and their health care providers (physicians). Considering the high morbidity and mortality of melanoma, these patients are motivated to spend money on low-cost mobile device technology, either from their own pocket or through their health care provider if it helps reduce their risk with early detection and treatment. We believe that there is a role for mobile device imaging tools in the management of melanoma risk, if they are based on clinically validated technology that supports the existing needs of patients and the health care system. In a study issued in the British Journal of Dermatology [2] of 39 melanoma apps [2], five requested to do risk assessment, while nine mentioned images for expert review. The rest fell into the documentation and education categories. This seems like to be reliable with other dermatology apps available on the market. In a study at University of Pittsburgh [3], Ferris et al. established 4 apps with 188 clinically validated skin lesions images. From images, 60 of them were melanomas. Three of four apps tested misclassified +30% of melanomas as benign. The fourth app was more accurate and it depended on dermatologist interpretation. These results raise questions about proper use of smartphones in diagnosis and treatment of the patients and how dermatologists can effectively involve with these tools. In this study, we used a MATLAB (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA) based image processing algorithm that uses an RGB color dermoscopy image as an input and classifies malignant melanoma versus benign lesions based on prior training data using the AdaBoost classifier [5]. We compared the classifier accuracy when lesion boundaries are detected using supervised and unsupervised segmentation. We have found that improving the lesion boundary detection accuracy provides significant improvement on melanoma classification outcome in the patient data.

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Jugl, Sebastian, Aimalohi Okpeku, Brianna Costales, Earl Morris, Golnoosh Alipour-Harris, Juan Hincapie-Castillo, Nichole Stetten, et al. "A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the United States, from 2016 to 2019." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.25.

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Background: Medical cannabis is available to patients by physician order in two-thirds of the United States (U.S.) as of 2020, but remains classified as an illicit substance by federal law. States that permit medical cannabis ordered by a physician typically require a diagnosed medical condition that is considered qualifying by respective state law. Objectives: To identify and map the most recently (2016-2019) published clinical and scientific literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis, and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews. Methods: Literature search was conducted from five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov), with expansion and update from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s (NASEM) comprehensive evidence review through 2016 of the health effects of cannabis on several conditions. Following consultation with experts and stakeholders, 11 conditions were identified for evidence evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism, cancer, chronic pain, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The following exclusion criteria were imposed: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome, intervention, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Studies classified as systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were graded using the AMSTAR-2 tool by two raters to evaluate the quality of evidence, with additional raters to resolve cases of evidence grade disagreement. Results: A total of 438 studies were included after screening. Five completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, and an additional 11 trials were ongoing, and 1 terminated. Cancer, chronic pain, and epilepsy were the most researched topic areas, representing more than two-thirds of all reviewed studies. The quality of evidence assessment for each condition suggests that few high-quality systematic reviews are available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS, epilepsy, and chronic pain. In those areas, findings on chronic pain are mostly in alignment with the previous literature, suggesting that cannabis or cannabinoids are potentially beneficial in treating chronic neuropathic pain. In epilepsy, findings suggest that cannabidiol is potentially effective in reducing seizures in pediatric patients with drug-resistant Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. In MS, recent high-quality systematic reviews did not include new RCTs, and are therefore not substantially expanding the evidence base. In sum, the most recent clinical evidence suggests that for most of the conditions assessed, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic pain), with the higher quality of evidence for epilepsy driven by FDA-approved formulations for cannabis-based seizure treatments. Conclusion: The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.

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Reports on the topic "Medical ethics – united states – cases"

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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Tabitha Hrynick, Elizabeth Benninger, Janet McGrath, and Santiago Ripoll. The COVID-19 YPAR Project: Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) to Explore the Context of Ethnic Minority Youth Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States and United Kingdom. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.072.

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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in the US and UK, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised and/or deprived communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among young people (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio, US and the London borough of Ealing, UK. Whilst public discourse may label young people as ‘vaccine hesitant,’ we found that there were differences based on social location and place and this labelling may portray young people as ‘ignorant.’ We found the greatest vaccine hesitancy among older youth (15+ years old), particularly those from minoritised and deprived communities. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives, but instead concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minoritised youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minoritised and deprived communities and the state, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.

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