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Chapman, Alison. "Dosimetric verification of intensity modulated radiation therapy." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061026.141700/index.html.
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Al-Kabir, Zul Waker Mohammad. "A knowledge based system for diagnosis of lung diseases from chest x-ray images /." Canberra : University of Canberra, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20070823.160921/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Canberra, 2006.Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Information Science in the School of Information Sciences and Engineering under the Division of Business, Law and Sciences at the University of Canberra, May 2006. Bibliography: leaves 120-132.
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Masek, Martin. "Hierarchical segmentation of mammograms based on pixel intensity." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0033.
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Mammography is currently used to screen women in targeted risk classes for breast cancer. Computer assisted diagnosis of mammograms attempts to lower the workload on radiologists by either automating some of their tasks or acting as a second reader. The task of mammogram segmentation based on pixel intensity is addressed in this thesis. The mammographic process leads to images where intensity in the image is related to the composition of tissue in the breast; it is therefore possible to segment a mammogram into several regions using a combination of global thresholds, local thresholds and higher-level information based on the intensity histogram. A hierarchical view is taken of the segmentation process, with a series of steps that feed into each other. Methods are presented for segmentation of: 1. image background regions; 2. skin-air interface; 3. pectoral muscle; and 4. segmentation of the database by classification of mammograms into tissue types and determining a similarity measure between mammograms. All methods are automatic. After a detailed analysis of minimum cross-entropy thresholding, multi-level thresholding is used to segment the main breast tissue from the background. Scanning artefacts and high intensity noise are separated from the breast tissue using binary image operations, rectangular labels are identified from the binary image by their shape, the Radon transform is used to locate the edges of tape artefacts, and a filter is used to locate vertical running roller scratching. Orientation of the image is determined using the shape of the breast and properties of the breast tissue near the breast edge. Unlike most existing orientation algorithms, which only distinguish between left facing or right facing breasts, the algorithm developed determines orientation for images flipped upside down or rotated onto their side and works successfully on all images of the testing database. Orientation is an integral part of the segmentation process, as skin-air interface and pectoral muscle extraction rely on it. A novel way to view the skin-line on the mammogram is as two sets of functions, one set with the x-axis along the rows, and the other with the x-axis along the columns. Using this view, a local thresholding algorithm, and a more sophisticated optimisation based algorithm are presented. Using fitted polynomials along the skin-air interface, the error between polynomial and breast boundary extracted by a threshold is minimised by optimising the threshold and the degree of the polynomial. The final fitted line exhibits the inherent smoothness of the polynomial and provides a more accurate estimate of the skin-line when compared to another established technique. The edge of the pectoral muscle is a boundary between two relatively homogenous regions. A new algorithm is developed to obtain a threshold to separate adjacent regions distinguishable by intensity. Taking several local windows containing different proportions of the two regions, the threshold is found by examining the behaviour of either the median intensity or a modified cross-entropy intensity as the proportion changes. Image orientation is used to anchor the window corner in the pectoral muscle corner of the image and straight-line fitting is used to generate a more accurate result from the final threshold. An algorithm is also presented to evaluate the accuracy of different pectoral edge estimates. Identification of the image background and the pectoral muscle allows the breast tissue to be isolated in the mammogram. The density and pattern of the breast tissue is correlated with 1. Breast cancer risk, and 2. Difficulty of reading for the radiologist. Computerised density assessment methods have in the past been feature-based, a number of features extracted from the tissue or its histogram and used as input into a classifier. Here, histogram distance measures have been used to classify mammograms into density types, and ii also to order the image database according to image similarity. The advantage of histogram distance measures is that they are less reliant on the accuracy of segmentation and the quality of extracted features, as the whole histogram is used to determine distance, rather than quantifying it into a set of features. Existing histogram distance measures have been applied, and a new histogram distance presented, showing higher accuracy than other such measures, and also better performance than an established feature-based technique.
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Tangboonduangjit, Puangpen. "Intensity-modulated radiation therapy dose maps the matchline effect /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060724.095712/index.html.
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Piyaratna, Nelson. "Radiotherapy x-ray dose distribution beneath retracted patient compensators /." View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030902.121636/index.html.
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Thesis (M.Sc.(Hons.))--University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1995."A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) in Physics at the University of Western Sydney, Nepean" -- T.p. Bibliography: leaves 123-128.
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Holm, Kvist Loka, and Stella Sabo. "How old are you? Age assessments based on dental radiographs of third molars around the 18-year-threshold in different populations, a systematic review." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19964.
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SammanfattningMineralisering och utveckling av visdomständer kan användas som åldersindikator i övre tonåren och används för asylsökande utan identifikation eller födelseattest. Utvärderingen görs med hjälp av dentala röntgenbilder och olika tolkningsmodeller.Målet med den aktuella studien var att undersöka åldersbedömningsmetoder på röntgenbilder av visdomständers tillförlitlighet och överensstämmelse med fokus på populationsgrupper och etnicitet. Detta är av vikt då resultat från en sådan bedömning ligger till grund för juridiska beslut huruvida en individ är vuxen eller ett barn (över eller under 18 år).En systematisk sökning genomfördes i PubMed, Embase och Cochrane enligt PRISMA-modellen, och 23 artiklar som uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna granskades av två observatörer enligt en modifierad QUADAS 2 och tio artiklar bedömdes ha låg risk för bias.Populationsbeskrivningarna var bristande. Detta leder till svårigheter att utföra bedömningar av artiklars resultat och precision, därmed också jämförelser mellan olika studier. Problemet ligger på en generell nivå då definitioner är osäkra, men samtidigt i de separata artiklarna då de inte redovisat någon definition.Det var svårt att jämföra de inkluderade artiklarna då deras syften och metoder varierade. Huvudfyndet var att de flesta artiklarna konkluderade att användningen av visdomstanden som en åldersindikator i de övre tonåren är en otillräcklig metod. Användning och betydelse av dess resultat bör därför ifrågasättas.AbstractThe mineralization and development of the third molars can be used as an indicator of age in the upper teens and is used in purpose of assessing age in asylum seekers without identification or birth certificates. The evaluation is determined with dental radiographs and different methods of interpretation.The aim of the study was to investigate the accuracy and precision of different age estimation models of radiographs of third molars, focusing on population groups and ethnicity. This is of great importance since the results of an age assessment constitute the basis in a juridical outcome, deciding whether an individual is an adult or a child (over or under 18 years of age). A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was made according to the PRISMA-statement, and 23 articles which met the inclusion criteria were assessed using a modified QUADAS 2 by two observers, ten of these were graded as having low risk of bias.Population groups were poorly described, leading to difficulties in evaluating results and precision, thereby also comparisons between different studies. The problem both lay at a general level where definitions are ambivalent, but also in the separate articles where definitions are missing.It was hard to compare the included papers since their aims and methods varied. The main finding was that most of the articles concluded that the use of the third molar as an age indicator in the upper teens is an insufficient system. The use and impact of the results should thereby be questioned.
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Wake, Giulia M. G. H. "Exact minimisation of treatment time for the delivery of intensity modulated radiation therapy." University of Western Australia. School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0195.
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This thesis investigates the exact minimisation of treatment delivery time for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for the treatment of cancer using Multileaf Collimators (MLC). Although patients are required to remain stationary during the delivery of IMRT, inevitably some patient movement will occur, particularly if treatment times are longer than necessary. Therefore minimising the treatment delivery time of IMRT may result in less patient movement, less inaccuracy in the dosage received and a potentially improved outcome for the patient. When IMRT is delivered using multileaf collimators in 'step and shoot' mode, it consists of a sequence of multileaf collimator configurations, or shape matrices; for each, time is needed to set up the configuration, and in addition the patient is exposed to radiation for a specified time, or beam-on time. The 'step and shoot leaf sequencing' problems for minimising treatment time considered in this thesis are the constant set-up time Total Treatment Time (TTT) problem and the Beam-on Time Constrained Minimum Cardinality (BTCMC) problem. The TTT problem minimises a weighted sum of total beam-on time and total number of shape matrices used, whereas the BTCMC problem lexicographically minimises the total beam-on time then the number of shape matrices used in a solution. The vast majority of approaches to these strongly NP-hard problems are heuristics; of the few exact approaches, the formulations either have excessive computation times or their solution methods do not easily incorporate multileaf collimator mechanical constraints (which are present in most currently used MLC systems). In this thesis, new exact mixed integer and integer programming formulations for solving the TTT and BTCMC problems are developed. The models and solution methods considered can be applied to the unconstrained and constrained versions of the problems, where 'constrained' refers to the modelling of additional MLC mechanical constraints. Within the context of integer programming formulations, new and existing methods for improving the computational efficiency of the models presented are investigated. Numerical results for all variations considered are provided. This thesis demonstrates that significant computational improvement can be achieved for the exact mixed integer and integer programming models investigated, via solution approaches based on an idea of systematically 'stepping-up' through the number of shape matrices used in a formulation, via additional constraints (particularly symmetry breaking constraints) and via the application of improved bounds on variables. This thesis also makes a contribution to the wider field of integer programming through the examination of an interesting substructure of an exact integer programming model. In summary, this thesis presents a thorough analysis of possible integer programming models for the strongly NP-hard 'step and shoot' leaf sequencing problems and investigates and applies methods for improving the computational efficiency of such formulations. In this way, this thesis contributes to the field of leaf sequencing for the application of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy using Multileaf Collimators.
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Jannetta, Adrian. "Advanced deconvolution techniques and medical radiography." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2005. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/164/.
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Medical radiography is a process by which the internal structures of the human body are imaged using a source of x-rays. The images formed are essentially shadowgrams whose size and intensity is dependent on the geometry of the imaging system and the degree to which the structures attenuate x-ray radiation. The images are blurred because the x-ray source has a finite size, and noisy because the x-ray exposure must be kept as low as possible for the safety of the patient but which also limits the number of photons available for image formation. In such noisy environments traditional methods of Fourier deconvolution have limited appeal. In this research we apply maximum entropy methods (MEM) to some radiological images. We justify the choice of MEM over other deconvolution schemes by processing a selection of artificial images in which the blur and noise mimic the real situation but whose levels are known a priori. A hybrid MEM scheme is developed to address the shortcomings of so-called historic MEM in these situations. We initially consider images from situations in which the model point- spread function is assumed to be three-dimensionally spatially invariant, and which approximates the real situation reasonably well. One technique lends itself well to this investigation: magnification mammography. MEM is offered as a way of breaking some of the conflicting performance requirements of this technique and we explore several new system possibilities with a working MEM system in place. A more complicated blurring function is encountered in linear tomography, which uses opposing movements of the image receptor and x-ray source to generate planar images through an object. Features outside a particular focal plane are smeared to such an extent that detail within the focal plane can be very difficult to detect. With appropriate modification of our MEM technique, processed images show a significant reduction to the blurring outside the focal plane.
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Vazquez, Quino Luis Alberto. "Relation between the patient dose and the image quality for commercial imaging devices." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Murphy, Frederick. "Understanding the humanistic interaction with medical imaging technology." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-the-humanistic-interaction-with-medical-imaging-technology(6d8cb645-beb0-41a7-a06d-1c5f248e055f).html.
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This study set out to discover the nature of the interactions that occur between the radiographer, patient and high technology imaging equipment. The investigation focussed upon two radiology departments where patients had just had either a CT or MR scan. No attempt was made to generalise the findings, since it was the existence of the phenomena, rather than the frequency of events elsewhere, that was under scrutiny. A thorough literature review revealed a distinct lack of previous research in this area, with only quantitative methodological approaches having been employed. This study was a purely inductive qualitative investigation, that sought to explore feelings, meanings and roles within the context of the imaging departments. A thematic content analysis of 49 semi-structured patient interviews revealed a varying degree of satisfaction, fear and misunderstanding. These data were complemented with 8 interviews of self-selecting radiographers, who had experienced a CT or MR scan, and 8 interviews of radiographers who predominately worked in these high technology areas. Following data analysis, specific typologies were derived from the concepts to formulate a model of the humanistic interaction with medical imaging technology. Discussion of the findings related to the technological and humanistic literature, and the alternative micro-sociological perspectives of Symbolic Interactionism and Critical Dramaturgy, gave a more creative explanation of the unique theory. The final section of the discussion considered the potential for future research and a reflexive analysis of the study. In conclusion, the model is considered to be a valid conceptual representation of the interactions within the context of the naturalistic setting. The theory developed provides enlightening insights with respect to roles and rituals performed in the radiology department.
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Sivard, Seth A. "Digital radiography in the education of radiologic technology students." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409229904.
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Kalondo, Luzanne. "Effect of exposure charts on reject rate of extremity radiographs." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1168.
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This study discusses reject film analyses (RFAs) before and after the implementation of a quality improvement intervention. RFAs were undertaken to investigate the effect of the introduction and use of exposure charts (ECs) on department and student reject rates of extremity radiographs. Methods: A quantitative comparative pre and post-treatment research design was used. Data was collected from the x-ray departments of two training hospitals in Windhoek, Namibia over a five month period. A retrospective RFA was conducted to determine the department and student reject rates for both departments before intervention. Emphasis was placed on exposure related reject films. ECs were compiled and introduced at Katutura State Hospital (venue B) by the researcher. The students were instructed to use these charts. At Windhoek Central Hospital (venue A) no ECs were used. A prospective RFA was conducted to establish department and student reject rates at both hospitals after the intervention at venue B. Results: During the retrospective phase the department reject rate for venue A was 21 percent while the student reject rate was 23 percent. At venue B 24 percent and 26 percent were scored respectively. Students at venue A produced rejected radiographs due to overexposure (49 percent) and underexposure (23 percent), whilst 37 percent was recorded for both causes at venue B. At venue A, 35 percent of films were rejected due to incorrect mAs selection, at venue B the figure was 42 percent. Undiagnostic radiographs due to inaccurate kV selection comprised 62 percent for venue A and 59 percent for venue B. During the prospective phase the department reject rate for venue A was 20 percent and that of the students was 19 percent. For venue B 12 percent and 11 percent were scored respectively. At venue A radiographs rejected due to over and underexposure were 43 percent and 33 percent respectively while those at venue B were 33 percent and 34 percent. Incorrect mAs selection caused 33 percent of discarded films at venue A and 38 percent at venue B. The figures for inaccurate kV selection were 68 percent and 62 percent for venues A and B. Conclusions: The introduction and use of ECs lowered the student reject rate at venue B in the prospective phase.
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Kinney, Hope, and Elizabeth Mueller. "Medical Art Therapy." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2018. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/493.
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This research explores the experiences and practices of Medical Art Therapists; specifically, how working with clients in a medical setting, often as a part of a multidisciplinary team, impacts the work of an Art Therapist. Researchers reviewed the general literature regarding children and adults’ experiences of hospitalization and utilization of psychosocial services. Medical Art Therapy literature is reviewed next, emphasizing work with children, families, and adults. Informed by the literature, researchers invited Medical Art Therapists to participate in a focus group and/or follow-up survey. Researchers conducted a focus group in which participants discussed their experiences and created response art. A survey was then sent to focus group participants and other respondents who were unavailable for the focus group. Researchers identified four categories that emerged from the survey data: “art as self-expression,” “categorization of Art Therapy,” “considerations specific to the medical setting,” and “range of utility” of Medical Art Therapy. Researchers used these categories to analyze data from the focus group and response art. An additional category emerged from these two data sets: “personal experience.” The response art naturally offered another category for analysis: “features of the art.” Researchers compared findings across all data sets and discovered meanings by setting these findings in the context of the general and Medical Art Therapy literature. Further research is warranted to support expansion in the field of Medical Art Therapy.
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Venter, Dalene. "Three-dimensional thinking in radiography." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1564.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Radiography in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, 2008Introduction Research to date has not been able to agree whether spatial abilities can be developed by practice. According to some researchers spatial ability is an inherited cognitive ability, compared to spatial skills that are task specific and can be acquired through formal training. It is commonly assumed that radiographers require general cognitive spatial abilities to interpret complex radiographic images. This research was conducted to investigate second year radiography students’ three-dimensional thinking skills pertaining to film-viewing assessments. Materials and methods The experimental research strategy was mainly applied together with correlation research. Two trials were run (in 2005 and 2006). The sample group consisted of fifteen second year diagnostic radiography students in 2005 and twenty-three second year diagnostic radiography students, of the same institution, in 2006. Each year group was randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. Two instruments were used, that is a film-viewing assessment and a three-dimensional test, Academic Aptitude Test (University) (AAT) nr. nine: Spatial Perception (3-D). The whole class completed this basic spatial aptitude test, as well as a base-line film viewing assessment, which focused on the evaluation of technique/anatomy of second year specialised radiographic projections. The marks that the students achieved in the fore-mentioned tests were compared, to determine if there was any correlation between their performances in the different tests. A curricular intervention, which was intended to improve applied three-dimensional skills, was subsequently applied. The students executed certain modified radiographic projections on parts of a human skeleton. For each radiographic projection, the students had to draw the relation of the X-ray beam to the specific anatomical structures, as well as the relation of these structures to the film. The related images of these projections were also drawn. With each of the following sessions, films including images of the previous session were discussed with each student. After the intervention, the whole class wrote a second film-viewing assessment. The marks achieved in this assessment were compared to the marks of the initial film-viewing assessment to determine the influence of the intervention on the performance of the intervention group. Following this assessment, for ethical reasons, the same intervention took place with the control group. A third film-viewing assessment was then written by all the diagnostic second year students to evaluate the overall impact of the intervention on the applied three-dimensional skills of the class. The marks of both the 2005 and 2006 classes (intervention classes) were compared to the marks achieved by former classes from 2000 to 2004 (control classes), in film-viewing assessments to evaluate the role of the curricular intervention over the years. The students again completed the three-dimensional test, Spatial Perception (3-D) to evaluate the impact of the intervention on students’ general three-dimensional cognitive abilities. These marks were also compared to the marks of the third filmviewing assessment, to determine if there was any correlation between the students’ performances in the different tests. Results The intervention groups did not perform significantly better in film-viewing assessments after the intervention, compared to the control groups, but reasonable differences, favouring the intervention group, were achieved. Statistical significance was achieved in film-viewing assessments with both year groups after the whole class had the intervention. The intervention year groups also performed significantly better than the previous year groups (without the intervention) in film-viewing assessments. The performance in general three-dimensional cognitive abilities of the group of 2006 improved significantly after the intervention, but on the contrary, the performance of the group of 2005 declined. There was a small intervention effect on the performance of the group of 2006. Only a weak to moderate correlation between the marks of the students achieved in the three-dimensional tests and the marks achieved in the film-viewing assessments, was found. Conclusion The contrasting evidence between the data of the two groups (2005 and 2006) in the three-dimensional tests and the small intervention effect on the performance of the group of 2006, makes the intervention not applicable for the increase of general spatial abilities. The results of this research show that the applied three-dimensional skills of radiography students in interpreting specialised and modified projections can be improved by intensive practice, independent of their inherited spatial abilities.
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Jain, Anuj. "Partitioning 3-D regions into cuboids." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001154.
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Khan, Fyzodeen. "Detection of masses in x-ray mammograms /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3103706.
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Ved, Hetal R. "A computer-based cascaded modeling and experimental approach to the physical characterization of a clinical full-field mammography system." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0920102-144012.
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Hudson, Lizel Sandra Ann. "Enhancing academic writing competence in radiography education." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1554.
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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011This thesis records a study undertaken by a radiography lecturer at a satellite campus of a University of Technology (UoT) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The study investigated the academic writing practices of first year Radiation Science learners and focused on an intervention to assist learners to enhance their academic writing competence. Three research questions were addressed: 1. What did radiography learners perceive to be the factors that enabled and constrained their academic writing competence during the first year of academic study?; 2. What were the 2010 first year learners’ perceptions of the changes in their academic writing following an academic writing intervention?; and 3. According to the 2010 first year lecturers, how did the academic writing of the learners change following the intervention? To answer these questions, the research comprised two qualitative approaches: firstly a case study approach, to gain an in-depth understanding of learner writing in radiography; then the insights gained allowed for the design of an appropriate academic writing intervention, carried out in two action research spirals. Thereafter the intervention was evaluated for its impact on learners’ writing competence. The findings and interpretations from this study culminated in a forward looking model that is recommended for use by radiography educators to enhance first year learners’ academic writing competence. The model reflects a zone for the optimal enhancement of academic writing competence for entry-level learners. This ‘zone’ is created in the region of overlap of three contributing factors: collaborative guidance and support, peer mentoring and technology. The model also represents applicable underlying theories (critical theory, constructivism, and academic literacies theory) which provide the theoretical framework for enhanced academic writing competence.
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Schanz, Martin [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Krämer, and Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Durante. "PaNTERA: Proton Radiography towards medical applications / Martin Schanz ; Michael Krämer, Marco Durante." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196294887/34.
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Kekana, R. M. "Teaching ethics, human rights and medical law to undergraduate diagnostic radiography students." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 7, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/544.
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Published ArticleMembers of society are fast becoming aware of their rights and many practitioners are at risk of losing their licence to practise due to unethical practices. The growing human rights violations commonly seen in vulnerable groups also pose challenges to healthcare workers, such as diagnostic radiographers, who often find themselves in situations where they have to disobey the laws to uphold ethical standards. This paper is a presentation of how ethics, human rights and medical law has been integrated into the undergraduate diagnostic radiography curriculum, and can be applied to other healthcare professions. To alleviate resistance to human rights teachings, I recommend the use of real life examples that are less sensitive 'politically' but true in order to gain the attention and cooperation of the diverse culture of the students.
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Woo, Mei-sum Becky. "Validation and calibration of a digital subtraction radiography system for quantitative assessment of alveolar bone changes." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2517308x.
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Batuka, Nabawesi Jennifer. "Pre and post computerized radiography film reject analysis in a private hospital in Kenya." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1574.
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The production of good quality radiographs is a complex process, given the high level of image quality required (Sniureviciute & Adliene, 2005: 260). Exposure of patients to x-rays, a factor in the production of quality radiographs also entails a risk of radiation injury. In 2006, computerized radiography (CR) was introduced at The Nairobi Hospital to try and reduce the film reject rate, decrease repeats, reduce financial costs of consumables like x-ray films and processing chemicals. However, to date, no formal film reject analysis has been conducted at The Nairobi Hospital. Four years after the incorporation of CR, there is apparently, still a significant number of film rejects, implying operational costs may still be high. The cause of film rejects and overall reject cost is not known. This has led to the research question: “Has the film reject rate in the A & E x-ray unit at The Nairobi Hospital reduced following incorporation of CR?” A quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study involving a reject film analysis of rejected radiographs in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) x-ray unit in the Nairobi Hospital, Kenya was conducted. The researcher collected data for a period of 6 months between 2/12/07 and 28/05/08 using a purpose-designed data collection form. All rejected x-ray films during the study period were included. Capture and analysis of the collected data was completed by the researcher using SPSS 10 and EPINFO computer packages. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from The Nairobi Hospital Education Committee and due consideration to patient and radiographer confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. A total of 851(2.5 percent) x-ray films were collected during the study period. Four hundred and fourteen (2.6 percent) radiographs and 437 (2.5 percent) radiographs were rejected prior to and after the incorporation of CR respectively. Chest radiographs were the most frequently rejected accounting for 277(66.9 percent) and 123 (28.1 percent) prior to and after the incorporation of CR respectively. The most frequently rejected film size was 35x35cm prior to the incorporation of CR (61.6 percent) and 26x35cm film size after the incorporation of CR (91.3 percent). The most frequent cause of film rejects was radiographer causes both prior to and after the incorporation of CR accounting for 496 (58.3 percent). The film reject rate did not significantly reduce after the incorporation of CR, suggesting that there are other factors which contribute to reject rate, other than CR. The study also shows that higher film consumption does not necessarily lead to high reject rates. The percentage value on annual rejects did not change after the incorporation of CR and a demonstrated increase in the annual cost of purchasing x-ray films was attributed to an increase in annual consumption after the incorporation of CR, and also to the higher cost of digital x-ray films. Despite some identified limitations to this study, some recommendations, which included conduction of regular reject analyses and regular continuing professional development with respect to radiographic technique amongst others, were suggested.
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Oakley, Jason Nathaniel. "An exploration of factors potentially affecting the perception and interpretation of medical images used in higher education." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-exploration-of-factors-potentially-affecting-the-perception-and-interpretation-of-medical-images-used-in-higher-education(06ac5642-2e47-41a3-a19c-cdbe566c7575).html.
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Much work is currently being undertaken to explore the impact of varying factors such as compression and image display parameters upon both measurable and perceived image quality in the clinical setting. However, little specific work was found that related to the effect of these factors within Higher Education, where high numbers of students, non-dedicated lecture theatres and a large number and variety of display devices results in many conditions that could impact upon the quality of digital radiographic images. Additionally, the College of Radiographers has identified (2006) that a radiographer comment accompanying radiographs may become a core competency. The aim of this thesis is to present and reflect upon a programme of research undertaken to explore which factors impacted upon students’ summary measures of performance and to begin to establish guidelines to ensure that images are presented optimally to the students, without creating unnecessary work for the academic staff. The effect of differing summary measures was also explored. A series of experiments were undertaken utilising volunteers from an undergraduate radiography programme. Research question The research question was: “What factors might potentially affect the perception and interpretation of medical images used in Higher Education?” Methods A series of six experiments were designed to evaluate the following factors: 1. The effect of compression upon diagnostic accuracy and perceived image quality; 2. The students’ perception of brightness and contrast changes of digital projectional radiographs and the effect of education upon this; 3. The ability of a detailed digital test image to discern limitations of a system; 4. The effect of image size, display device standardisation and image optimisation on summary measures of performance; 5. The ability of students to report consistently from digital test images; 6. The effect of differing marking criteria, confidence scales and summary measures of performance. Results This programme of research demonstrated that for digital projectional appendicular radiographs there was a significant difference between the levels of compression that observers preferred (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in accuracy for images reported uncompressed or at lossy levels of 40:1 (JPEG). Higher levels of compression were easily perceived, but low levels were not. It also confirmed other work established that low levels of compression were preferred by the human visual system due to the slight softening effect of the JPEG algorithm. Whilst individuals’ perception of brightness and contrast changes differed, the mean for groups of students was not significantly different and education did not have a significant effect. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between those 30 and under and those over 30 in the level of perceived change, but not in the selection of the last acceptable image. A mid level grey background was shown to reduce perceived error of change compared to black or white backgrounds. Radar plots within this context are proposed as a way of identifying ideal images from students’ responses. Images corrected for the gamma of the system were identified as optimal by the cohorts. Images at 50% resolution stretched to 100%, the standardisation of display devices and image optimisation did not significantly affect student summary measures of performance. However this part of the study lacked power due to fewer participants than was initially anticipated. The summary measure of performance identified as optimal was the area under an AFROC curve, created from a five point category scale. This scale should be used by the observers to categorise their confidence and the marker to rate their confidence based upon the observers’ comments. This will allow a kappa value to be calculated that will give feedback on the level of conveyed confidence. Conclusions This programme of research has identified a number of factors that warrant more detailed research within the field of Higher Education. One is re-evaluating the effect of the year group on the quality factor proposed, as this research seems to indicate that education does have a positive effect on the reporting scores from a digital test image. In addition, there seems to be scope in considering the radar plot as a method of identifying where the ideal image lies. A range of minimum standards, as proven by these experiments and taken from literature, are proposed as the best practice for lecture presentation and assessment. Recommendations are made for further research into the effect of several parameters where power was low. This research has established some of the ground rules for improving the display and assessment of medical images in Higher Education.
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Van, der Venter Riaan. "Reporting on radiographic images in after-hours trauma units :Experiences of radiographers and medical practitioners." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23779.
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Globally there is a lack of radiologists, which results in unreported radiographic examinations, or a delay in reporting on radiographic images even in emergency situations. In order to mitigate and alleviate the situation, and optimise the utilisation of radiographers a red dot system was introduced in the United Kingdom, which later aided in the transformation of the role of radiographers in terms of formal reporting of various radiographic examinations. Although there is a shortage of medical practitioners and radiologists in South Africa the extended role of radiographers has not been yet realised for radiographers. At present, radiographers and medical practitioners work in collaboration to interpret and report on radiographic examinations informally, to facilitate effective and efficient patient management, but this is done illegally because the regulations defining the scope of the profession of radiography does not allow for such practice, putting radiographers and organisations at risk of litigation. In order to gain an in-depth knowledge of the phenomena, to enable the researcher to provide recommendations to the Professional Board of Radiography and Clinical Technology (PBRCT) of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research study was undertaken. Radiographers and medical practitioners were interviewed in order to elicit rich descriptions of their experiences regarding reporting of trauma related radiographic images in the after-hours trauma units. Data were gathered using in-depth semi-structured interviews, and the data were analysed using kesch’s method of thematic synthesis. Three themes emerged from the data, namely the challenges radiographers and medical practitioners face in the after-hours trauma units respectively, with regards to reporting of trauma related adiographs, and suggestions were proposed to optimize the participation of radiographers with regard to trauma related radiographs in these units. A thick description and literature control was done using quotes from participants. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical research practices were also implemented. Thereafter, recommendations were put forward for the PBRCT of the HPCSA, using current literature and inferences made from the findings of the study.
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Björkman, Jasmine. "Are there any difference between the levels of serum leptin, visceral fat area and body mass index in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, with and without radiographic changes?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36847.
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Rehm, Kelly. "Development and image quality assessment of a contrast-enhancement algorithm for display of digital chest radiographs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185844.
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This dissertation presents a contrast-enhancement algorithm called Artifact-Suppressed Adaptive Histogram Equalization (ASAHE). This algorithm was developed as part of a larger effort to replace the film radiographs currently used in radiology departments with digital images. Among the expected benefits of digital radiology are improved image management and greater diagnostic accuracy. Film radiographs record X-ray transmission data at high spatial resolution, and a wide dynamic range of signal. Current digital radiography systems record an image at reduced spatial resolution and with coarse sampling of the available dynamic range. These reductions have a negative impact on diagnostic accuracy. The contrast-enhancement algorithm presented in this dissertation is designed to boost diagnostic accuracy of radiologists using digital images. The ASAHE algorithm is an extension of an earlier technique called Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE). The AHE algorithm is unsuitable for chest radiographs because it over-enhances noise, and introduces boundary artifacts. The modifications incorporated in ASAHE suppress the artifacts and allow processing of chest radiographs. This dissertation describes the psychophysical methods used to evaluate the effects of processing algorithms on human observer performance. An experiment conducted with anthropomorphic phantoms and simulated nodules showed the ASAHE algorithm to be superior for human detection of nodules when compared to a computed radiography system's algorithm that is in current use. An experiment conducted using clinical images demonstrating pneumothoraces (partial lung collapse) indicated no difference in human observer accuracy when ASAHE images were compared to computed radiography images, but greater ease of diagnosis when ASAHE images were used. These results provide evidence to suggest that Artifact-Suppressed Adaptive Histogram Equalization can be effective in increasing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
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Campbell, Sydney. "Experiences of analogue-trained radiographers utilising digital imaging in projection radiography." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14796.
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The professional work of a radiographer encompasses both patient care and the use of technology. The technology employed could either be analogue or digital technology. Since 1973, the analogue imaging system has slowly been replaced by digital radiography imaging systems. Despite the many advantages of digital imaging it does present the radiographer with added responsibilities. Furthermore, analogue-trained radiographers have found adjusting to digital imaging especially challenging. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of analogue-trained radiographers utilising digital imaging in projection radiography with the intention of developing guidelines to equip radiography managers to assist analogue-trained radiographers to better utilise digital imaging. The researcher used Schlossberg’s Transition Theory as a lens to look at the experiences of analogue-trained radiographers using digital imaging to produce radiographs. The research study used a qualitative design which was explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The target population included all diagnostic radiographers (public and private) in the local municipality who were registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Purposive sampling was employed to select the radiographers that represented all radiographers in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. The sample included all radiographers who fulfilled the identified selection criteria. The selected participants were recruited to take part in in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews. The data was analysed using a computer-aided qualitative data analysis software package, ATLAS.ti. The trustworthiness of this study was ensured by applying Guba’s model of trustworthiness that includes credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence and justice, as espoused by the Belmont Report, were adhered to in order to ensure that the study was conducted in an ethical manner. Two themes emanated from the data, namely the evolution of the radiographer when faced with the advances in technology as well the role that the work environment played in the manner that the participants experienced the change. The experiences of the participants were described using direct quotations from the interviews and a literature control was used to verify the participants’ experiences. Evidence was found of radiographer indifference towards exposure selection, dose optimisation and placement of anatomical side markers when utilising digital imaging. Finally, guidelines were developed to equip radiography managers to assist analogue-trained radiographers to better utilise digital imaging. In addition, the guidelines will assist all other radiographers to better utilise digital imaging.
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Kamath, Srijit. "Leaf sequencing algorithms for segmented multileaf collimation." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001155.
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Kamath, Srijit. "Algorithms for sequencing multileaf collimators." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011548.
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Mochifefe, Mamoyagabo Anna. "Human resource development in radiography education a search for excellence in a time of change /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12202006-123023/.
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Thesis (M.Ed. (Maximising Potential in Education and Training)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.Abstract and summary in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
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Cantlay, Nicholas. "Sonographers' experiences of breaking bad news in prenatal ultrasound : a phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654968.
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Pellicane, Jacqueline Marie. "Medical Art Therapy: A Heuristic Exploration." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2011. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/88.
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Medical art therapy is a specific type of art therapy practiced primarily in settings where clients are actively ill or in recovery from a medical procedure. This heuristic study will seek to support the advancement of growth in this field, a wide spread use of medical art therapy in every setting catering to the medically or chronically ill. The researcher used her own medical records from a 10-year bout with illness, childhood to late adolescence, to stimulate the production of data in the form of journal entries and artwork. The data collected was then analyzed through both a clinical and personal lens to determine the existence of themes or patterns not only in the artwork, but also in the perceptions of the child then battling illness and now being assessed by their adult self. This research not only supports the benefits of utilizing art making/art therapy in processing and recovering from chronic illness but also in using the heuristic method of research to answer deeper questions from the perspectives of the clinician and the participant simultaneously.
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Wilson, Timothy Lyle. "Using MR anatomically simulated normal image to reveal spect finited resolution effects." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17341.
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Woo, Mei-sum Becky, and 胡美心. "Validation and calibration of a digital subtraction radiography systemfor quantitative assessment of alveolar bone changes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954169.
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Siyongwana, Chuma. "Managing a sustainable private radiographic practice in Gauteng and Limpopo provinces." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20189.
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Radiography is a constantly changing environment that is continuously evolving with new technology and new techniques on how to image human anatomy. This has led to cheaper and easier ways of imaging that present an opportunity for radiographers to practice independently from radiologists. The increase in the number of radiographers going into private practice since 2006 has led to a number of private radiography practices failing due to competition and other management and financial factors. This study seeks to provide insight into the changing environment of private radiographic practice and the level of success it can bring to radiographers. This will enable radiographers to better determine their personal and professional development needs, which will effectively improve their ability to manage and sustain private radiographic practices. This approach stems from the researcher’s belief that with the right skill and knowledge radiographers can run successful private practices and in so doing be able to empower others to do the same. The researcher has chosen to carry out a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design in order to explore and describe the detailed recommendations and views of private radiographic practice owners and how they manage their practices. The chosen method of data collection for this study is individual one-on-one interviews supported by a literature control. The one-on-one interview was used to collect the data from participants who meet the inclusion criteria. The researcher purposively selected participants to ensure that their ideas and opinions will benefit the study. The chosen method of data analysis is Tesch’s data analysis approach as it follows the qualitative way of data analysis which occurs in three phases: description, analysis, and interpretation. This research made use of Guba’s trustworthiness model to establish the validity and reliability of the qualitative research. The four criteria in this model for trustworthiness are truth-value by using the qualitative approach of credibility; applicability determined by using transferability; consistency determined by using the qualitative approach of dependability and, finally, neutrality determined by the qualitative approach to confirmability. The following six (6) ethical principles were followed to ensure no harm came to the participants: beneficence and non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, veracity, confidentiality and privacy. On completion of the study, the researcher made recommendations based on the findings for inclusion in basic radiographic training and continuous professional development. These recommendations are: Complete reviewing of the management training syllabus in radiography education. Compilation of literature that deals with private practice radiography. Inclusion of private practice radiographers in radiography societies. Further research into the subject of private practice radiography. This will allow for the knowledge contained in the study to be accessible to those who need it. It is also important to note that a study of this nature has never been conducted and therefore sharing of this information will allow for radiographers to know and understand what sustaining a private radiographic practice involves. The findings will be disseminated in seminars, conferences and publications.
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Sibanda, Lidion. "Diagnostic radiography requests in Zimbabwe’s public hospital complex: completeness, accuracy and justtification." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1552.
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A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Diagnostic Radiography
in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012Complete, accurate and justified radiological examination requests are prerequisite to radiological exposures. However, global research shows evidence of high numbers of incomplete and inaccurate requests as well as that up to 77% radiological exposures are unjustified. Plain lumbar spine and plain skull radiology examinations are reported as being procedures that generate high dose and a low diagnostic yield. This study was designed to objectively measure the completeness, accuracy and justification of these two examinations in an effort to make inferences that will contribute to an improved radiology service. This research could therefore have positive effects on optimisation of radiation protection in Zimbabwe. Methodology A non participatory prospective descriptive analytical document review of quota sampled radiological request forms for 200 plain skull and 200 plain lumbar spine examinations was employed. Data was captured using structured data collection instruments designed and tested by the researcher for this study. The instrument was designed using the IAEA-HHS4 (2010) minimum prescribed request data as a framework and adding additional form fields found to be relevant through a review of all identified radiological request template forms in use at the research site. Data analysis involved central tendency measures and inferential statistics. Results: The central tendency demonstrated for the two examinations was that generally referrers for plain lumbar spine and for plain skull radiology would respectively provide 38.9 +/- 0.6% and 40.2+/-0.5% overall examination request information. This information was significantly below expectation. There was however no significant difference between the samples’ means for the two examinations. The tendency demonstrated in patient information for lumbar spine and skull requests was that generally referrers would respectively provide 48.4 +/- 0.8% and 49.5+/- 0.8% patient information. These values were inclusive of each other and they were significantly (p=0.00 Sig.) below expectation. There was however no significant difference between the two examinations’ data. The tendency demonstrated for examination information was that referrers for the research site would generally provide 29.8+/-0.8% (lumbar) and 32.6+/-0.8% (Skull) examination information. These values were significantly (p=0.000 Sig.) below expectation and demonstrated a significant difference between the sample means for the two examinations. With respect to referrer information, the tendency demonstrated was that generally referrers for plain lumbar spine and for plain skull examinations would respectively provide 38+/- 1% and 38.5 +/- 0.8% referrer identification information. These were significantly below expectation (p= 0.000 Sig.) but there was no significant difference between the samples’ means with respect to referrer information. With respect to accuracy of request data, it was observed that 5% plain lumbar spine and 3% plain skull requests were specific in so far as information documented on request forms could unambiguously identify the area to be imaged. It was also observed that 22.5% (lumbar spine) and 12% (skull) examination requests were indicated and therefore justified. All requests forms were found to be legible. Conclusions: Generally, referrers to this research site tend to provide incomplete, inaccurate and unjustified radiological request data. The observed levels of completeness, accuracy and justification of requests were generally consistent between the two examinations relative to expectation. These levels had medico-legal implications and negative effects on optimisation of radiation protection to patients. Further research to establish causes of this variance in referral behaviour is recommended. The researcher also recommends further research to establish whether there is an association between requested examination and completeness, accuracy and justification of diagnostic radiology examination requests. Keywords: Radiation protection, radiological request, complete request, accurate request, justified request, plain skull imaging, plain lumbar spine imaging.
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Lee, Christina G. "Radiography Clinical Instructors' Perceptions of the Transition from Technologist to Educator." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2587.
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Radiologic technologists who transition into the role of clinical instructor are usually expert practitioners but may lack knowledge of best practices regarding student instruction and evaluation. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to investigate how CIs experience the transition from practitioner to educator and what knowledge or education of best practices of instruction and evaluation they bring to the position. This study consisted of interviews with radiography CIs from one associate degree radiography program in the southeastern part of the United States. While some CIs felt prepared to transition into the CI role, none of them had previously had education regarding instruction. They were provided support as they transitioned, but little formal orientation or training. The results of this study should challenge radiography programs to implement or strengthen current orientation programs for new CIs who are critical to student success.
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Yang, Mu. "RadPaint a Web-based interactive 3D virtual radiation field application /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001198.
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Willians, Razana. "Knowledge and understanding of radiographers regarding supraspinatus outlet projection for shoulder impingement syndrome." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4456.
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The shoulder is a complex anatomical structure and imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of shoulder conditions. The complexity of the shoulder’s anatomy has led to the development of multiple radiographic projections and techniques within plain film imaging with each projection intended to demonstrate specific aspects of the anatomy of the shoulder. However, reproducing the required projections can be difficult especially if radiographers are not familiar with the projections and their evaluation criteria. Literature has revealed the importance of a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of anatomy, patient positioning, beam direction and centring point, and evaluation criteria to ensure a quality projection for accurate diagnoses. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and understanding of radiographers with regard to the supraspinatus outlet projection (SOP) for shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) and its evaluation criteria. The inferences derived from the research findings were used to develop guidelines for a structured in-service training programme for practising radiographers to optimise their knowledge and understanding of the supraspinatus outlet projection in shoulder impingement syndrome. The proposed study followed a quantitative approach. Furthermore, a descriptive, exploratory, contextual design was employed. The research population consisted of practising radiographers working in the public and private hospitals of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of three sections. The first section requested demographic information from the participants. The second section assessed their knowledge and understanding regarding the scapular ‘Y’ and the supraspinatus outlet projections and shoulder impingement syndrome. The third section assessed their knowledge and understanding of anatomy and image evaluation/critiquing. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was ensured by conducting a pilot study and comparing the results with those of the main study. In addition, the expertise and guidance of a radiographer experienced in the clinical training of radiographers, the supervisor (who has twenty years’ experience in the teaching of radiographers) and a statistician was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed by means of a statistical programme and with the guidance of a statistician. The researcher ensured that the study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the ethical principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons.
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Verhovsek, Ester L., Derek R. Slagle, and Randy L. Byington. "Rural versus Urban: Tennessee Health Administrators’ Strategies on Recruitment and Retention for Radiography." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. http://ispub.com/IJRA/13/1/12143.
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There is a growing interest in understanding recruitment, retention, and turnover of allied health professionals in consideration of employment trends and workforce mobility, an increased need to understand the healthcare delivery system and the dynamic nature of the allied health workforce, especially for rural areas. A survey was sent to allied health administrators across a variety of allied health disciplines from the state of Tennessee hospitals in order to gauge opinions on retention and recruitment strategies. Overall, successful strategies for recruitment and retention of radiography professionals were reported, as well as, differences between urban and rural areas, differences among allied health disciplines, perceptions of strategy effectiveness, and key strategies for rural allied health recruitment.
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Merriman, Linda M. "Changing by degrees : a study of the transition from diplomas to degrees in chiropody, occupational therapy and radiography." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29573.
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This study examines the impact of the transition from diploma to degree on the initial education and training of three para-professions in England; chiropody, occupational therapy (OT) and radiography. It focuses on the nature of and reasons for changes to their initial professional education and training and the potential impact of these changes on their professionalisation. The study adopted a multiple method approach; a historical review, which included documentary sources and interviews with key informants, aimed at identifying how and why these three para-professions wanted to achieve all-graduate entry, and the use of case studies to explore the differences between the diploma and degree courses. It is concluded that the achievement of all-graduate entry for these para-professions was an unintended consequence of the policies of the then government. As a result of the achievement of all-graduate entry changes were made to the respective diploma courses of these para-professions. The extent of these changes were related to the level of control and influence that the professional bodies exercised over the diploma courses. All the degree courses shared the following features: the development of autonomous, reflective practitioners who are life-long learners, an emphasis on theory rather than practice, and emphasis on propositional knowledge and the study of research methods. Although the degree courses for these para-professions achieved approval from HEIs it is argued that degree education is a contested concept. It is apparent that the para-professionals believed that the achievement of all-graduate entry would improve their professional status. However, it is evident from the study findings that it served to maintain rather than enhance their social status and market position. Changes to the initial education and training of these para-professionals were the results of the para-professionals having to respond to prevailing social, political and economic circumstances. If they had not taken this action it is suggested that their social status and market position may have been adversely affected.
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Filippa, Kenne. "Breakfast-Piece by Nicolaes Gillis : A comparative study of material perspectives." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182721.
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Jhala, Ekta. "Investigation of Dosimetric Characteristics and Exploration of Potential Applications of Amorphous Silicon Detector." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1350.
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The ability of the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) to acquire a large two-dimensional array of digitized x-ray data in real time is extremely attractive for dosimetric measurements. To evaluate the potential use of an EPID for portal dose measurement in Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, some dosimetric characteristics of the Varian's PortalVisionTM aS500 were investigated. PortalVisionTM incorporates an amorphous silicon detector (aSi). Some potential applications of EPID in linac QA were also explored. The EPID's performance for linearity with MU and dose rate was verified and it was found to be proportional over the entire measured range. Short term repeatability was found to be excellent. An investigation of calibration method to improve dosimetric accuracy demonstrated two methods of avoiding detector saturation. Firstly, acquiring flood field with the use of additional buildup and secondly, increasing the source to detector distance for calibration. A study of EPIDs behaviour under conditions of varying dose rate which commonly arise in EDW treatment techniques was carried out. The EPID exhibited a field size dependence in addition to a 8% discrepancy on the `hot edge' of EDW profiles. Further investigation into the field size dependence and the discrepancy at hot edge is required. EPIDs ability to acquire asymmetric field profile was also investigated. The profiles acquired using EPID deviated in shape and magnitude by upto 16% from the ion chamber profiles. Some potential applications of EPID to perform QA of linac beam properties, its ability to perform optical and mechanical linac QA have been explored. The EPID's capability to give constant output, flatness, symmetry, wedge angle and wedge factors with high level of accuracy and reproducibility was demonstrated. EPID was also found to be objective, efficient and feasible for performing optical linac QA. The use of EPID for linac QA could be simplified by improving the available software analysis tools thus making it more efficient.
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Lakshmi, Shriram. "Web-based search engine for Radiology Teaching File." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000559.
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Middleton, Anna. "Medical discourse and avant-garde art in France, 1905-1925." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2004. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/1462/.
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Sinozic, Tanja. "Learning in clinical practice : findings from CT, MRI and PACS." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49367/.
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This thesis explores learning in clinical practice in the cases of CT, MRI and PACS in UK hospitals. It asks the questions of how and why certain evolutionary features of technology condition learning and change in medical contexts. Using an evolutionary perspective of cognitive and social aspects of technological change, this thesis explores the relationships between technology and organisational learning processes of intuition, interpretation, integration and institutionalisation. Technological regimes are manifested in routines, skills and artefacts, and dynamically evolve with knowledge accumulation processes at the individual, group and organisational levels. Technological change increases the uncertainty and complexity of organisational learning, making organisational outcomes partially unpredictable. Systemic and emergent properties of medical devices such as CT and MRI make learning context-specific and experimental. Negotiation processes between different social groups shape the role and function of an artefact in an organisational context. Technological systems connect artefacts to other parts of society, mediating values, velocity and directionality of change. Practice communities affect how organisations deal with this complexity and learn. These views are used to explore the accumulation of knowledge in clinical practices in CT, MRI and PACS. This thesis develops contextualised theory using a case-study approach to gather novel empirical data from over 40 interviews with clinical, technical, managerial and administrative staff in five NHS hospitals. It uses clinical practice (such as processes, procedures, tasks, rules, interpretations and routines) as a unit of analysis and CT, MRI and PACS technology areas as cases. Results are generalised to evolutionary aspects of technological learning and change provided by the framework, using processes for qualitative analysis such as ordering and coding. When analysed using an evolutionary perspective of technology, the findings in this thesis suggest that learning in clinical practice is diverse, cumulative and incremental, and shaped by complex processes of mediation, by issues such as disease complexity, values, external rules and choice restrictions from different regimes, and by interdisciplinary problem-solving in operational routines.
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Arnesson, Ida, and Josefin Sölve. "What is the role of radiography in diagnosis and treatment of jaw lesions? - a retrospective study." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19894.
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Bakgrund: Vid diagnostik av käkbenslesioner skickas ibland en remiss till röntgenspecialist för ett utlåtande. Röntgenspecialisten ger en eller flera tentativa diagnoser vilka kan underlätta vid beslut om behandling. Efter behandlingen skickas en biopsi till patolog för att erhålla en patologanatomisk diagnos. Syftet med denna studie är att 1) utreda hur väl tentativa röntgenologiska diagnoser överensstämmer med patologanatomiska diagnoser av käkbenslesioner och 2) utvärdera hur ofta röntgenutlåtanden kan leda till felaktig behandling av käkbenslesioner.Material och metod: Röntgenutlåtanden och motsvarande patologanatomiska diagnoser jämfördes retrospektivt under en tioårsperiod för nio vanliga käkbenslesioner. För varje käkbenslesion räknades antalet korrekta respektive inkorrekta röntgenologiska diagnoser som erhållits. Utöver detta jämfördes även den förväntade behandlingen av varje tentativ röntgendiagnos med den förväntade behandlingen av den korrekta patologanatomiska diagnosen. Utifrån detta gjordes sedan en bedömning av huruvida röntgenutlåtandet kunde leda till underbehandling, korrekt behandling eller överbehandling. Resultat: Röntgendiagnoserna överensstämde med de patologanatomiska diagnoserna i 191 av 394 fall (48%). Därutöver gav 61 röntgenutlåtanden (16%) den korrekta diagnosen tillsammans med en eller flera inkorrekta diagnoser. 142 utlåtanden (36%) gav endast en eller flera inkorrekta diagnoser. Drygt en fjärdedel av alla röntgenutlåtanden bedömdes kunna leda till felaktig behandling. Konklusion: Resultaten indikerar en anmärkningsvärd diskrepans mellan de tentativa röntgendiagnoserna och de patologanatomiska diagnoserna av de undersökta käkbenslesionerna. När röntgenspecialisten ger fler än en tentativ diagnos finns en ökad risk för överbehandling vilket kan leda till onödigt lidande för patienten samt en ökad kostnad för både patienten och samhället. Baserat på dessa resultat bör röntgenspecialisternas rutiner för hur många tentativa diagnoser de anger i sina röntgenutlåtanden ses över.Background: When diagnosing jaw lesions, a referral may be sent to a radiologist for a radiographic report. The radiologist offers one or several tentative diagnoses, which help form the basis for treatment. After treatment a biopsy is sent to a pathologist for a pathoanatomical diagnosis. The aim of this study is to 1) determine the correspondence between tentative radiographic diagnoses and pathoanatomical diagnoses of jaw lesions and 2) evaluate how frequently radiographic reports may lead to incorrect treatment of jaw lesions. Materials and methods: Radiographic reports and pathoanatomical diagnoses of nine common jaw lesions were compared retrospectively over a ten-year period. The numbers of correct and incorrect tentative radiographic diagnoses were counted for each lesion. In addition, the expected treatments of the tentative radiographic diagnoses were compared with the expected treatments of the correct pathoanatomical diagnoses. Each report was then categorized as leading to undertreatment, correct treatment or overtreatment.Results: The radiographic reports corresponded with the pathoanatomical diagnoses in 191 out of 394 cases (48%). In addition, 61 radiographic reports (16%) stated the correct diagnosis along with one or several incorrect diagnoses. 142 reports (36%) only stated one or several incorrect diagnoses. Just over a quarter of the radiographic reports were deemed to lead to incorrect treatment. Conclusion: The results indicate a remarkable discrepancy between tentative radiographic diagnoses and pathoanatomical diagnoses for the studied jaw lesions. There is a tendency towards overtreatment when more than one tentative diagnosis is stated in the radiographic reports. Overtreatment may lead to unnecessary suffering for the patient and financial loss for both the patient and society. Based on these results, radiologists should review their practice of stating several tentative diagnoses in their reports.
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Daehnke, Nadja. "Unfinished man : questioning difference through the pictorial recontextualisation of socio-medical documents." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13912.
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Bibliography: leaves 75-80.In this dissertation and series of paintings I wish to focus attention on the interconnection between knowledge and power. This is commented on in relation to socio-medical disciplines. The argument proposes that knowledge is a product of vested interests and should thus not be regarded as transcendent of the context in which it is used. This study examines attempts to naturalize race, class and gender through scrutiny and analyses of the human body. Section One considers specific historical cases which illustrate the use of knowledge as a disciplinary force. Surveillance, classification, objectification and an understanding of science as neutral are identified as central to the construction of difference. These themes are investigated with regard to: Lavater's physiognomy, Charcot's understanding of hysteria, the influence of photography on nineteenth century science, eugenics, degenerationism and racial definitions in South African law from 1948 to 1994. This section draws on scholarship and research published predominantly in the areas of sociology, medical history, anthropology and ethnology. Section One is intended as a parallel text to the series of paintings produced. Section Two offers a personal interpretation of some trends, methods and materials used throughout the series of paintings. The paintings comment on the themes of classification, objectification and discrimination mentioned in Section One. The series also reflects on the mutability of knowledge and the continuing relevance of past doctrines. Primary strategies employed in the paintings are decontextualization and recontextualization of pre-existent texts, an emphasis on aesthetics and attempts to involve the viewer in the acts of looking and interpretation. Section Three consists of reproductions of the twenty paintings made for a Masters of Fine Art degree. Sources and processes used in the paintings are listed.
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Ball, John E. "Three stage level set segmentation of mass core, periphery, and spiculations for automated image analysis of digital mammograms." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Von, Aulock Maryna. "Brain compatible learning in the radiation sciences." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1549.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2003Brain Compatible Learning (BCL), as its name suggests, is a type of learning which is aligned with how the human brain naturally learns and develops. BCL offers many different options and routes to learning as alternatives to conventional 'chalk and talk' methodologies. A BCL curriculum is planned to define the structure and content of a programme of learning, but it also provides opportunities for students to participate in activities, which encourage and enhance the development of an active and deep approach to learning. Using BCL approaches in the classroom thus creates both a stimulating and a caring environment for student learning. This project researches a BCL intervention in a Radiation Science course. The use of BCL techniques has tended to have been done predominantly in the social sciences; this research fills an important 'gap' in the research literature by examining how BCL might be implemented in a technical and scientific context. The research was conducted using an adapted Participatory Active Research methodology in which classroom interventions were planned (within a constructive framework), rather than implemented and then reflected on by all participants. The PAR method was supplemented with a series of detailed questionnaires and interviews. The broad findings of this study relate to students' experiences of BCL in Radiation Science in terms of 'process' and 'product" issues. In terms of process, or the methodology of BCL, students' responses were largely positive.