Dissertations / Theses: 'Medical instruments and equipment'

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Amaral, Pedro Vasconcelos Maia Do. "Spatial structure of health equipment in Brazil." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608168.

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Galve, Salgado Miguel. "Impact of medical equipment tracking in a health care system." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4639.

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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Sun, Xiaowei. "An integrated instrument system and mechanism investigation for electroacupuncture." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275351.

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Acupuncture has had a long and interesting history. However acupuncture still faces challenge from its mechanism explanation. The traditional acupuncture theory may not fully explain electroacupuncture. This study carries out an investigation into electroacupuncture from bioenergy, bioelectricity, and electrotherapy points of view. An experimental and theoretical study of the electrical property of acupoints is conducted. An equivalent model of tissues under electroacupuncture electrical field is developed. In conjunction with this, an improved technique is used in the resistance test to investigate the electrical properties of acupoints, in which the "least-value hunting" method, forcecontrollable probe, and square electrical waveform have been adopted. The currently used apparatus for electroacupuncture is improved by the development of computer-based electroacupuncture instrumentation. On the basis of this development, the methodology of Internet-based remote control and monitoring is introduced in the therapeutic and training process. A standardised and quantified elctroacupuncture is investigated through the implementation of a fuzzy decision making system. The fuzzy controllers are developed and embedded in a PC-based instrumentation system to overcome "accommodation", which occurs during the electroacupuncture process.

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Lee, Sang-Young. "The role of design in home-based health-care equipment." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4807.

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Fisher, Henry Donald 1943. "DESIGN OF REVIEW CONSOLE FOR RADIOLOGY APPLICATIONS (DISPLAY, PACS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291634.

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Bowles, Roger A. "Hiring preferences of employers of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5478/.

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This study examined the signaling strength, or marketing power, of the most common qualifications of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians (BMETs) in Texas, based on stated hiring preferences of BMET managers, using order ranking of fictitious resumes. This study also sought to determine whether certification status, education background, military training background as a BMET, or type of employer [hospital or ISO] of the hiring manager had an effect on hiring preference for applicant qualifications of associate degree, military training as a BMET, or certified biomedical equipment technician (CBET) certification candidacy. Participants were asked to rank 16 fictitious resumes representing the most common qualifications of entry-level BMETs and to fill out a background questionnaire regarding their education, military, certification, and employer. The number of times each resume ranked in first place was tabulated and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Resumes with qualifications of associate degree versus military training as a BMET were compared at three levels of work experience. A chi-square test for independence was conducted for the comparisons to determine whether work experience influenced preference. Chi-square tests were also conducted for comparisons of associate degree with candidacy for CBET certification versus associate degree and military training with CBET candidacy versus military training. No statistically significant results were found for the chi-square tests, indicating that work experience did not significantly influence participant preferences for the compared qualifications. BMET hiring managers indicated a preference for combinations of qualifications rather than any single qualification. Correlations in hiring managers' educational background, certification status, military training as a BMET, type of employer, and preference for applicant qualifications were examined. Statistically significant correlations were found between participants' preference for associate degree or military training and level of education, military training background, and type of employer. Statistically significant correlations were also found between participants' preference of military training with CBET candidacy over military training alone and military training as a BMET background as well as certification background.

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Moral, Zamora Beatriz del. "Bioimpedance & dielectrophoresis instrumentation equipments for living cells manipulation and monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395178.

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Since the first microfluidic device was developed in the early 1950s, when the basics for today’s inkjet technology were set, thousands of publications have appeared related to the topic. The increasing interest on these technologies is caused by its ability to be scaled and its rapid development, which allows manipulating and detecting small quantities of analites even at the cellular scale. The integration of microfluidic technologies with specific sensors and actuators at minute scales in order to achieve a set of automated laboratory operations and perform a particular solution for a specific application, generally on the life sciences and chemistry fields, was defined as Lab-on-a-chip (LoC). LoC devices have the potential to become a powerful technology for some fields, such as health, food security or environmental control. Their low cost and portability make them also suitable to improve medical diagnosis and research in developing countries. Moreover, these systems permit also to explore new methods for manipulation and characterization of cells by means of electrical cell properties, by using techniques such as dielectrophoresis (DEP) or impedance spectroscopy (IS). In fact, the dielectrophoretic force allows manipulating cells, taking advantage of their electrical properties, by applying an electric field. Likewise, impedance allows measuring electrical properties of materials and, used wisely, inform about characteristics such as presence, composition or size of cells or other biological materials. This work aims, in its final stage, to exploit the combined potential of both techniques, DEP and IS, in a compact system for bioanalytical bench-top applications. The creation of the complete device has been a long procedure alternating theoretical calculations and experimental tests. It has included different steps such as the design of the need electronic equipment stages, the study of different microfluidic designs, an accurate bacteria concentration and manipulation protocol definition, and the study of the viability of the bacteria populations recovered with our device. These studies have made possible to finally obtain an automated bacteria concentrator for microbiology, food, water and environmental control applications while performing impedance cell analysis to monitor bacteria accumulation during the process. The system has been adjusted and proved for the real case of Escherichia Coli (E. coli) concentration and analysis. E. coli presents pathogenic variants that cause morbidity and mortality worldwide being therefore a topic of interest. E. coli is one of the main antimicrobials resistant pathogens in healthcare-associated infections reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, being the primary cause of widespread pathologies such as significant diarrheal and extra-intestinal diseases or urinary tract infections. Furthermore, E. coli can be found as a bacterial food contamination and causes avian coli-bacillosis, one of the major bacterial diseases in the poultry industry and the most common avian disease communicable to humans. Currently, bacterium presence detection involve long time culture processes only to obtain a valid sample which could be properly detected. DEP concentration is a strong selective manipulation method which allows reducing sample preparation time. Moreover, by taking profit of IS, E. coli could be rapidly detected in the same equipment. For that reason, it is thought the proposed devices will be a useful tool for some current microbiology laboratories. Hence the mainly aims of the present thesis are: (I) to prove the feasibility of custom DEP generator for controlling bacteria and find the best signal to accomplish this, (II) to look for the best microfluidic chip option for bacteria preconcentration purposes on bioanalytical applications, (III) to test the feasibility of a custom IS device and (IV) to use the previous studies to design a complete electronic equipment, taken profit of combination of both techniques to have an autonomous system (V) To demonstrate the proof of concept of the full device with the real case of E. coli concentration.
El objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño de una instrumentación capaz de manipular y caracterizar células, a fin de realizar análisis más exhaustivos de elementos biológicos y acelerar procesos de detección de patógenos para aplicaciones de diagnóstico o de control de calidad de alimentos. El dispositivo se centra en dos tipos de técnicas eléctricas para la manipulación y detección de células: La dielectroforesis (DEP) y la medición de la bioimpedancia. La DEP permite manipular material biológico por medio de campos eléctricos, aprovechando las propiedades eléctricas de la célula y el medio en que se encuentra. La manipulación es por tanto ajustable, mediante el control de estas propiedades, así como a través de la geometría de los electrodos usados, la frecuencia y el módulo de la tensión aplicada. Por otro lado, la IS permite caracterizar material biológico mediante su comportamiento eléctrico en frecuencia. La medida se realiza a través de la aplicación de una corriente alterna controlada y la monitorización del efecto sobre el tejido mediante potencial eléctrico. Los dispositivos de IS son fácilmente integrables con técnicas dielectroforéticas de manipulación, fusionando manipulación con detección. En esta tesis, la combinación de estas técnicas permite la concentración de pequeños patógenos en grandes volúmenes de muestras y su posterior detección. Para ello, se crean diversos módulos de instrumentación electrónica. Algunos, están dedicados a generar señales alternas desfasadas a frecuencias óptimas para la manipulación de patógenos (módulo DEP). Otros, combinan módulos de generación, lectura y tratamiento digital, para la monitorización del comportamiento eléctrico de células (IS). Los módulos diseñados son validados en un entorno real controlado para concentrar y detectar la bacteria Escherichia Coli en grandes volúmenes de agua. Como resultado, se obtiene una electrónica modular válida, autónoma, portátil y de bajo coste, capaz de disminuir tiempos de preparación y detección de muestras en laboratorio.

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Hillig, Mark Alexander. "Automated Channel Assessment for Single Chip MedRadio Transceivers." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1005.

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Modern implantable and body worn medical devices leverage wireless telemetry to improve patient experience and expand therapeutic options. Wireless medical devices are subject to a unique set of regulations in which monitoring of the available frequency spectrum is a requirement. To this end, implants use software protocols to assess the in-band activity to determine which channel should be used. These software protocols take valuable processing time and possibly degrade the operational lifetime of the battery. Implantable medical devices often take advantage of a single chip transceiver as the physical layer for wireless communications. Embedding the channel assessment task in the transceiver hardware would free the limited resources of the microprocessor. This thesis proposes hardware modifications to existing transceiver architectures which would provide an automated channel assessment means for implantable medical devices. The results are applicable beyond medical device applications and could be employed to benefit any low-power, wireless, battery-operated equipment.

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Andersson, Simon. "Designing a fast and robust device for measuring and providing graphical visualization of the number of 60Co sources in a Leksell Gamma Knife®." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279067.

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The Leksell Gamma Knife® (LGK) is a device for performing radiosurgery. The LGK contains approximately 200 radioactive sources whose beams intersect in a focal point in order to treat brain tumours. Quality assurance tools are used at Elekta to indirectly assess the number of sources in an LGK from the total amount of radiation. In order to increase patient safety, regulatory agencies have been asking for evidential proof of the number of sources in the LGK. This thesis' goal is to directly measure each source in the LGK and optimize the total detection time. To do this, a source detection system was developed with two parts, a radiation detection system and a moving gantry. Initial tests of the design were performed at Elekta and a final test was performed on an LGK at Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset. The results show that the proposed design has the possibility of detecting all sources in an LGK.

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López, Martínez Carolina, Espiritu Catherin Ariana Malqui, De Guzman Santisteban Maribel Niño, and Paulino Jean Carlos Talaverano. "Medical Equipment." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654857.

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El propósito de este trabajo de investigación se basa en demostrar que existe un nicho de mercado potencial, esto debido a que en la actualidad las personas buscan cuidar su salud y la de sus familiares a través de la adquisición de equipos médicos básicos. Sin embargo, las personas y empresas dedicadas a este rubro solo se enfocan en la distribución de los equipos médicos y mas no en el servicio post venta. Nosotros nos caracterizamos por ofrecer un servicio diferenciado y personalizado, por tal razón atendemos y realizamos entregas las 24 hrs, nuestros profesionales altamente capacitados realizan el acompañamiento y monitoreo en el uso de los equipos médicos, además garantizamos la satisfacción de nuestros clientes mediante el seguimiento de nuestro servicio post venta. En la investigación se utiliza, la metodología de tipo cualitativa, tales como; encuestas y de tipo cuantitativa, tales como; estadísticas y variables. Asimismo, durante el desarrollo de nuestra investigación hemos utilizado información relevante extraída de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Los resultados de la investigación de mercado demuestran que el 80% de las personas que fueron encuestadas realizaron la compra de quipos médicos durante los últimos meses. Además, se encontró que en su mayoría los clientes tienen preferencia por realizar sus compras de manera virtual, asimismo, indicaron que el atributo más valorado es la calidad y el servicio post venta. Estos resultados apoyan el desarrollo de nuestra idea de negocio, ya que hemos corroborado el problema planteado inicialmente. Se concluye la viabilidad del proyecto, ya que según el escenario inicial de nuestro flujo de caja por invertir 42,525 soles generamos una ganancia de 267,360 soles, obteniendo una tasa de rentabilidad interna de 84.25% fruto de la inversión. Dicho esto, nuestra investigación da a conocer que nuestro proyecto es rentable.
The purpose of this research work is based on demonstrating that there is a potential market niche, this because currently people seek to take care of their health and that of their relatives through the acquisition of basic medical equipment. However, the people and companies dedicated to this area only focus on the distribution of medical equipment and not on after-sales service. We are known for offering a differentiated and personalized service, for this reason we attend and make deliveries 24 hours a day, our highly trained professionals carry out the accompaniment and monitoring in the use of medical equipment, we also guarantee the satisfaction of our clients by monitoring our after sales service. In the research, qualitative methodology is used, such as; surveys and quantitative type, such as; statistics and variables. Likewise, during the development of our research we have used relevant information extracted from primary and secondary sources. The results of the market research show that 80% of the people who were surveyed made the purchase of medical equipment during the last months. In addition, it was found that the majority of customers have a preference for making their purchases in a virtual way, also, they indicated that the most valued attribute is quality and after-sales service. These results support the development of our business idea, since we have corroborated the problem raised initially. The viability of the project is concluded, since according to the initial scenario of our cash flow for investing 42,525 soles we generated a profit of 267,360 soles, obtaining an internal rate of return of 84.25% as a result of the investment. That said, our research reveals that our project is profitable.
Trabajo de investigación

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Dhillon, Simron. "Oceanside Durable Medical Equipment." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10116155.

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Oceanside Durable Medical Equipment (DME) is an accredited start-up company that will offer a comprehensive line of the latest medical supplies and equipment to patients in Long Beach, California. This company will focus on the distribution of leading medical equipment brands to patients who are in need of support for short-term and chronic health conditions. Durable medical equipment can offer help outside of the hospital environment and aid in a better quality of life.

With more than 2.4 million individuals over 60 years old in Southern California, there appears to be a large market and opportunity for this company. Oceanside DME will contract with leading medical equipment manufacturers and healthcare providers to deliver patients with quality products. A rapidly growing market for medical equipment will allow Oceanside DME to create a presence in this healthcare industry.

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Lad, Ketan. "Breath Collection Equipment for Clinical Applications with SIFT-MS Instruments." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2777.

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Real time detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) using Selected Ion Flow Tube – Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) provides a unique opportunity for research into breath testing for clinical diagnosis. However, before engaging in research into breath analytes as markers of disease, appropriate breath collection methods are required. Collection of breath for SIFT-MS instruments fall into two categories, direct breath collection into the instrument and the remote breath collection onto a storage medium. This thesis describes the development and validation of both methods of breath collection equipment for SIFT-MS analysis. Development of the direct breath collection device involved standardising and optimising the way in which breath is sampled by SIFT-MS. Design considerations include ergonomics, patient safety, breathing resistance, materials, and appropriate operating conditions of the device. Results from materials testing showed that all materials emit VOCs and the best approach is to minimise VOC emission by careful material selection. To minimise flow resistance experienced by the patient, the capillary from which the SIFT-MS instrument samples, is placed as close as possible to the users mouth. The optimal operating temperature of the device was found to be 100°C - 120°C, which ensures that water vapour will not condense inside the capillary causing blockage. In order to ensure patient safety the device is adequately insulated using stagnant air which also minimises VOC emission from insulation materials. Because a SIFT-MS instrument is large and cannot be easily shifted around a hospital, a system of remote sample collection is required. It is also important to separately collect and analyse breath from the respiratory alveolar region. For this reason the remote breath collection device designed also fractionates collected breath samples into the breath from the upper airways and alveolar breath. The storage medium chosen for the collected breath samples is a gas sampling bag made from Tedlar™. Collection of breath into Tedlar™ bags allows breath to be stored as a whole air sample, the ideal form for analysis with the SIFT-MS technique. Alveolar breath is fractionated from deadspace gasses by measuring a subject's exhalation and collecting the portion of interest. The breath exhalation is measured by an averaging Pitot tube and pressure transducer. Signal processing and automation of the remote breath collection device is controlled by a Cypress Microsystems PSoC microcontroller. To validate the device isoprene and acetone concentrations in fractionated breath samples were compared with a whole breath sample. Results showed that the alveolar breath fraction had a higher concentration of acetone than the upper airway fraction, indicating that the breath was successfully fractioned. However, isoprene concentrations were lower in both fractions due to hyperventilation of the subject causing a dilution effect of alveolar VOCs. Therefore, a higher sample collection volume is required per exhalation, and regulating subjects' breathing rate will avoid the dilution effect observed in collected breath samples. Overall, this thesis had designed, developed and validated two forms of breath collection systems for use with SIFT-MS technology.

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Shefelbine, Sandra J. "Requirements capture for medical device design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287242.

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Fenlon, Teresa Jayne. "Medical applications of electrical impedance measurements." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1992. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/773022/.

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The utilisation of electrical impedance measurements within the medical profession has broadened greatly since the advent of blood flow analysis in the 1950s. This thesis considers some of the important electrical impedance measurements currently used at a research stage in medicine, with specific emphasis on three major application. These are: the analysis of human body composition, particularly the quantification of body fat, the analysis of gastric motility using electrical impedance epigastrography and electrical impedance tomographic imaging of the abdomen in order to monitor gastric motility.

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Alexander, K. L. "Design for validation of medical devices and equipment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595422.

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Design for validation is aimed at designing medical devices to make them easier and more economic to validate. Changes to the medical device regulations within the past few years have forced the industry to focus attention on design and validation in order to ensure that a device and its associated manufacturing and test equipment are reliable and fit for purpose. In order for this to happen, design must affect validation and validation must affect design. However, current guidance on validation as it applies to design is inadequate and, as a result, validation is generally not well understood amongst medical device designers. The goal of design for validation is to provide guidance in order to help designers achieve integrated design, development and validation. It forms part of a wider definition of Good Design Practice which aims to encourage fitness for purpose within commercial reality. Exploratory research was carried out in the form of studying ideal practice and current practice in order to identify the factors which contribute to integrated design, development and validation. Case studies were analysed, a model of ideal practice was developed and interviews were carried out with various medical device designers and project managers. From the information gathered, two basic designer needs were identified which had to be fulfilled in order for designers to integrate design, development and validation. A practical approach to design for validation was formulated in order to address the two designer needs through the use of a model of design for validation and a series of six design tactics. The approach was evaluated by sending questionnaires to industry. The feedback was very positive and, based on the evaluation, revisions were made to the design for validation model and design tactics. The revisions will be carried forward to the next phase of the research which is the development of a Design for Validation Workbook.

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Kunzler, Jayson S. (Jayson Scott) 1973. "Order fulfillment model for medical equipment installation materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89316.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Jayson S. Kunzler.
S.M.

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Higson, Gordon R. "The regulation of medical devices for public health and safety." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU123856.

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Medical products of all kinds have to comply with regulations to satisfy the demand for public health and safety. Medicinal products (drugs) were the first medical products to be regulated in most countries and regulations for medical devices - generally derived from drug regulations - followed. This thesis reviews the development of safety regulation for medical devices from its relatively recent introduction in the 1960s to the present day. The emphasis is on the situation in countries of the European Community but events in these countries are placed in a world-wide context. Landmark events in this process - notably the US Medical Device Amendments of 1976 and the EC Medical Device Directive of 1994 - are analysed and compared. An examination of current regulations in the three major markets for medical devices: Europe, Japan and USA, leads to the identification of quality systems, product standards, effectiveness/performance and post-market controls as key factors in modern regulatory approaches. The emergence of these key factors illustrates the movement towards an engineering, rather than a pharmaceutical, approach to regulation and their place in current and emerging regulations world-wide is discussed. Manufacturers have long pressed for uniformity in national regulations to reduce the time and cost involved in obtaining market approval and their case has been largely accepted by the regulatory authorities. Harmonization in Europe has been achieved as part of the Single Market programme. The last decade has seen remarkable progress towards the further harmonizing of national and regional regulations. The outstanding difficulties, notably controversy over the need for "effectiveness" determination and relative roles of clinical and laboratory testing, are discussed and solutions proposed. The prospects for achieving global harmonization are examined and a possible future global system is described.

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Aspar, Sablee. "The investigation of clinical engineering resource models and performance measures in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336503.

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Dickinson, Scott Arthur. "The development of a portable recording spirometer for the differential diagnosis of occupational asthma." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239939.

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McRobbie, Donald William. "Quantitative assessment of magnetic resonance imaging systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312949.

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Wilson, Dale Louise. "An improved planning protocol for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298720.

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Briers, Michael Geoffrey. "Electrochemical transducers for the continuous measurement of blood gases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314888.

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Swarbrick, Martin Damian. "Acoustic diagnosis of heart defects using time-domain signal processing and artificial neural networks." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273661.

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Palayiwa, E. "Investigations into the performance of anaesthetic vaporisers and the development of microprocessor controlled anaesthetic equipment." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233918.

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Xu, Xiangqun. "Investigation of alterations in optical properties of biological tissues induced by chemical agents with optical coherence tomography." Thesis, Keele University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268330.

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Dong, Chao. "Closed-loop controlled total intra venous anaesthesia." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2253.

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Anaesthesia is important for both surgery and intensive care and intravenous anaesthetics are widely used to provide rapid onset, stable maintenance, and rapid recovery compared with inhaled anaesthetics. The aim of the project on which this thesis is based was to investigate a reliable and safe methodology for delivering total intravenous anaesthesia using closed-loop control technology and bispectral analysis of human electroencephalogram (EEG) waveform. In comparison with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI), drug effect is measured during drug infusion in closed loop anaesthesia (CLAN). This may provide superior safety, better patient care, and better quality of anaesthesia whilst relieving the clinician of the need to make recurrent and minor alterations to drug administration. However, the development of a CLAN system has been hindered by the Jack of a 'gold standard' for anaesthetic states and difficulties with patient variability in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling, and a new and generic mathematical model of a closed-loop anaesthesia system was developed for this investigation. By using this CLAN model, investigations on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability existing in patients were carried out. A new control strategy that combines a Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) controller, bispectral analysis of EEG waveform and pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic models was investigated. Based on the mathematical model, a prototype CLAN system, the first CLAN system capable of delivering both hypnotics and analgesics simultaneously for total intravenous anaesthesia, was developed. A Bispectral Index (BIS), derived from power spectral and bispectral analysis on EEG waveform, is used to measure depth of anaesthesia. A supervision system with built-in digital signal processing techniques was developed to compensate the non-linear characteristics inherent in the system while providing a comprehensive protection mechanism for patient safety. The CLAN system was tested in 78125 virtual patients modelled using published data. Investigations on intravenous anaesthesia induction and maintenance with the CLAN system were carried out in various clinical settings on 21 healthy volunteers and 15 patients undergoing surgery. Anaesthesia targets were achieved quickly and well maintained in all volunteers/patients except for 2 patients with clinically satisfactory anaesthesia quality.

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Brooks, Gordon John. "The evaluation and enhancement of case driven diagnostic advice systems : a study in three domains." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317709/.

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Relevant literature has been reviewed regarding the performance, implementation and evaluation of computer based medical decision support systems. The diagnostic performance of five simple case driven acute chest pain advice systems, have been compared using a standardized set of clinical records. A Bayesian inference model demonstrated superiority over two derived by logistic regression. Small data set flow charts performed well but both relied upon the use of expert opinion. A Bayesian acute abdominal pain diagnostic advice system has been evaluated in a clinical trial. Standardized data collection improved the diagnostic performance of doctors. In practice, the computer system offered little additional user benefit. From further tests in primary care, it was concluded that, whereas general practitioners might enhance their performance by using data collection sheets, paramedics might benefit through direct use of the computer. DERMIS is a new dermatology primary care diagnostic advice system. Components include a database derived from 5203 prospectively collected clinical records, a user interface, and an enhanced Bayesian inference model incorporating combined frequency estimates, expert beliefs and rationalized end-point groups. On laboratory testing, the diagnostic accuracy of DERMIS was 83%. The correct diagnosis appeared in the top three, of a possible 42 disease list on 97% of occasions. In a semi-field trial of DERMIS involving 49 general practitioners, doctors did not always collect the same information as a dermatologist but were able to significantly increase their chance of making a correct diagnosis through use of the computer system. It has been concluded that although implementation of DERMIS might well increase general practitioner diagnostic accuracy and lead to improvements in the management of skin disease in primary care, rates of referral for specialist opinion might not be affected unless standard management plans are adopted.

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Schweiger, Martin. "Application of the infinite element method in infrared image reconstruction of scattering media." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275013.

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Yen, Ching-Chiuan. "The application of patient-centred principles to medical equipment through industrial design practice." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264760.

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Chen, Robert Chien-Chung. "An investigation into shoe last design in relation to foot measurement and shoe fitting for orthopaedic footwear." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1993. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-into-shoe-last-design-in-relation-to-foot-measurement-and-shoe-fitting-for-orthopaedic-footwear(524b98f3-e92f-434b-be0e-c4379dc25d04).html.

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Ng, Frency Sau-Fun. "Design of pressure garments for hypertrophic scar treatment." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4323.

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Clark, Daniel John. "A spectroscopically based blood oximeter." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335573.

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Zhu, Q. S. "Precision electrical impedance tomography instrumentation." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332494.

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Revie, Ian Crawford. "The manufacture and evaluation of custom acetabular components for total hip replacement." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286851.

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MacDonald, John Henderson. "A CCD-based digital autoradiography system." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299493.

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Murray, Henry G. "Evaluation of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297895.

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Clemence, Matthew. "R.F. and gradient coil designs for N.M.R. imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357968.

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Gibson, Nicholas Mark. "A study of methods applicable to the analysis of fetal heart rate variability." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282834.

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Meli, Louis Marcel. "Breath analysis : investigation of a low cost FTIR approach." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316270.

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Constantinidis, Alex Stylianos. "Improving techniques for the detection of circumscribed masses in digital mammograms." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344104.

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Wassell, Robert Walter. "Composites for making dental inlays." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385649.

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Midwinter, Mark John. "A study of modern imaging modalities in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic and periampullary tumours." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391401.

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Utting, Jane Francis. "Magnetic resonance imaging of tissue microcirculation in experimental studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272348.

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Dawood, Richard M. "New technology in radiological diagnosis : an investigation of diagnostic image quality in digital displays of radiographs." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289055.

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45

West, Ian Philip. "Optical fibre based pulse oximetry." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262607.

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Marangopoulos, Ioannis P. "Ultrasonic cleaning baths : field measurements and cleaning efficiency." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342194.

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Abstract:

Ultrasonic cleaning baths are routinely used for cleaning dental and surgical instruments. The importance of efficient cleaning prior to sterilisation is great. Micro-organisms can survive the sterilisation process as debris can act as an insulator. The information available on ultrasonic field distributions in cleaning baths is limited. A thermal technique, employing a thermistor probe coated with an absorbing material measures the temperature rise when the field is switched on compared to no sound temperature. Contour plots of the field of the cleaning bath resulted from point-to-temperature. Contour plots of the field of the cleaning bath resulted from point-to-point measurements. Optical methods were also employed for qualitative measurements of the field. The main optical method used in this study is the Sarvazyan, dye/paper method where dye patterns represent the distribution of the field's cavitation activity at that area. Titanium coated mica was also used for seeding the bath. When the field was switched on, these particles migrated towards the antinodes, the distribution of particles in the field gives qualitative measure for the field. Aluminium surfaces were sonicated and erosion with pitting was evident after 30-60 minutes sonication time. Some plates were examined under an SEM. Cleaning efficiency was directly examined by coating perspex and stainless steel plates with blood. The plates were left to dry for 24 hours then sonicated. Water and Decon-90® detergent gave very similar removal times, with the detergent to achieve cleaning marginally faster compared to water. A disinfectant-detergent was also used, Virkon®. The results with Virkon were disappointing, red cells were caused to lyse up by Virkon and as a result a colloidal mixture was formed. This mixture was not able to be removed ultrasonically, even after an hour or more sonication time. Manual brushing was required in that case. In general all baths tested showed a non-uniform field pattern that can result in insufficient cleaning.

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Wytch, Raymond. "An assessment of modern splinting bandages." Thesis, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357035.

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Stanley, Warren. "Realisation of an optical tomography system using an amplitude modulation technique." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275154.

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Rankin, Gabrielle Ann. "Ultrasound imaging of human skeletal muscles : normal characteristics and effects of dysfunction." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271344.

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Sauret, Veronique. "Topology and morphology of pulmonary anatomical features for aerosol deposition applications using medical imaging." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342803.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical instruments and equipment'

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