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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical instruments and equipment'
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1
Pajic, Sanja. "Representations of medical instruments and equipment in Serbian medieval painting." Zograf, no. 38 (2014): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog1438059p.
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The paper topic is identification of medical instruments and equipment using the images preserved in Serbian medieval painting. This topic has not been the subject of special study in the Serbian science. Medical instruments and equipment make an integral part of iconography of saint physicians. The following medical instruments have been displayed: knives, probes, spoons, tweezers, as well as various carrying boxes for equipment (square-like and cylindrical) and cases, and glass vessels for medical lubricants. Identification has been carried out owing primarily to late Roman remains of medical instruments and equipment, while such remains originating from Byzantine period are very rare.
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Nilsen, Egil V. "Managing Equipment and Instruments in the Operating Room." AORN Journal 81, no. 2 (February 2005): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60417-1.
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Lascaratos, John, and Spyros Marketos. "Unknown ancient Greek ophthalmological instruments and equipment." Documenta Ophthalmologica 94, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02629688.
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Zhang, Jin Liang. "Usage and Maintenance of Medical Apparatus and Instruments of Human Factors Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1691.
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Medical equipment maintenance and use of personnel, is crucial. Used properly and rational division of engineering and technical personnel, strict management, to train engineering technical personnel with professional spirit, all-round for clinical medical services; To strengthen the training of equipment use of personnel, highlight the preventive maintenance and maximize or prolonged trouble-free of medical instrument equipment, ensure the effective operation of the clinical diagnosis and treatment work.
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Ouendo, Edgard-Marius D., Cyriaque Dégbey, Sossa J. Charles, Judith Sègnon, Jacques Saizonou, and Michel Makoutodé. "Evaluation of the Quality of Medico-technical Equipment Sterilization in National University Hospital of Cotonou in Benin in 2013." Open Public Health Journal 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501609010053.
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Backgrounds: In low income countries, hospital-acquired infections continue to develop in hospitalized patients, and may also affect medical staff. Medico-technical equipment sterilization is critical for prevention and safety care of nosocomial infections. Objective: To assess the quality of medico-technical equipment sterilization at the National University Hospital of Cotonou in 2013. Method: This cross-sectional and evaluative study was conducted at the National University Hospital of Cotonou from 10th June to 04th July 2013. A sample of 51 health workers involved in the of medico-technical equipment sterilization system, two (02) administrative authorities, the responsible of National Committee for the Fight against nosocomial infections in the hospital, 41 sterilized instruments and compresses were assessed in the study. Health workers were observed in their work environment before undergoing an individual interview as well as the administrative authorities and the Responsible of the National Committee for the Fight against nosocomial infections. Sterilized instruments are analyzed in microbiology laboratory. Results: More than half of the participants were male (52.9%). The average age of respondents was 41 ± 7.5 years. The sterilization unit of the hospital was managed by common surgical department of the hospital and its mission was to provide sterile medico-technical equipment. The sterilization unit did not meet the standard architecture of sterilization environment. Equipment sterilization procedure did not meet standards of quality assurance. There was no preventive maintenance procedure for autoclave and poupinel that were used for sterilization of instruments. No indoor cleaning and air sterilization of the service of sterilization were planned. However, equipment sterilization supplies were available, and 13.72% of workers surveyed were well-skilled. Microbiological tests showed that 48.8% of sterilized medical equipment was contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae. Conclusion: The quality of instrument sterilization system in the HKM National University hospital of Cotonou was poor. Sterilized equipment was contaminated by pathogens. Medical equipment sterilization process needs improvement to prevent hospital-acquired infections.
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Yurkevich, A. P. "Improved method of determining the design level of medical instruments and equipment." Biomedical Engineering 22, no. 1 (1988): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00557769.
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ABE, T. "Electrocardiogram Examination Equipment( New Trends of Medical Instruments for Physiological Tests(1))." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.65.2_62.
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Jette, L. P., and N. G. Lambert. "Evaluation of Two Hot Water Washer Disinfectors for Medical Instruments." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, no. 5 (May 1988): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645832.
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AbstractTwo models of hot water washer disinfectors (Decomat 128 and Hospital A, Euroclean Canada Inc; Ontario, Canada) were evaluated by two methods for their efficacy in disinfecting anesthesia equipment. In the first method, three different microbial suspensions were each sealed into 30 capillary tubes. In the second method, corrugated anesthesia tubes were rinsed with suspensions of each of two bacterial strains. The tubes then underwent a standard cycle in the hot water washer disinfectors and were subsequently tested for growth of microorganisms. All experiments were repeated three times, and the temperature was registered in all cases. In the capillary test, growth was rarely detected (13/540 tubes) and the inactivation factor for both apparatus was > 5 log,,. In the rinse test, no growth was detected. The mean temperature for 15 disinfection cycles was 84.2 ± 0.8°C for Decomat 128 and 88.9 ± 0.5% for Hospital A. However, for Decomat 128 we observed a variation of 3°C from one disinfection cycle to another and a progressive reduction of 2.2°C over a series of five consecutive complete cycles. Both methods gave reproducible results. Under our experimental conditions, both hot water washer disinfectors proved to be efficacious for the disinfection of reusable anesthesia equipment.
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BENNEYAN, JAMES C., and CLAIRE BOND. "SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING REUSABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT REPROCESSING PROCESSES." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 03 (June 2013): 1340009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013400099.
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Hospital reusable medical equipment (RME) includes any items that are intended to be reprocessed and reused indefinitely, including surgical instruments, dental equipment, endoscopes, and others. Such equipment represent a significant portion of a hospital's inventory costs and recently have generated significant patient cross-contamination concerns due to reprocessing cleaning failures. This paper discusses recent applications of industrial and systems engineering (ISyE) methods within healthcare organizations to help manage, understand, and improve RME processes, including quality control (QC), reliability, patient safety, facility layout, queuing networks, and inventory management models. Several examples demonstrate the value of these approaches for improved reprocessing management of RME technology.
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UDROIU, George. "THE INTERDISCIPLINARITY OF EFFICIENT MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION PROCESS." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-41.
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Abstract: In the context of increasing healthcare demand, as a result of an aging population, and current budgetary constraints, as a result of reduced public resources, the decision to invest in efficient medical equipment is a challenge for most health facilities, constantly concerned with promoting innovative and sustainable solutions, as well as results-based ones, in order to increase the value of health technologies and the overall benefits of patients. In order to achieve the balance between safety, quality, costs and benefits and the realization of the best value of medical equipment, the decision-making process requires a multilateral evaluation of financial, clinical and social impact instruments, represented by relevant profitability, life cycle costs, results delivered and overall productivity. In the case of procurement of medical equipment, the lowest price of an economic offer is not an award criterion that strictly reflects the value or efficiency of the technology and departmental procurement structures must include in the evaluation strategies and complementary factors to the process, to add value to the medical organization.
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Caillet, Christine, Yves Pegon, Tanguy Le Neel, Delphine Morin, Cecile Baudiment, and Alain Truchaud. "Qualification of Robotic Laboratory Equipment." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 10, no. 1 (February 2005): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2004.11.004.
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Robotic laboratory equipment malfunctions may affect the performance of integrated laboratory instruments. Thus, the qualification of robotics is necessary to ensure adequate performance of complete integrated systems. In this JALA Tutorial, we adapt the methods used in production processes to laboratory robotics and propose guidelines for performing the various steps required for qualification (i.e., installation, operational, and performance qualification), while emphasizing specific aspects of laboratory robotics. We think that the application of such guidelines will help in standardizing the acceptance of robotic equipment, facilitate their operation and performance evaluation, and improve traceability with quality assurance documentation.
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Rumyantsev, P. B. "New medical equipment and optical instruments exhibited at the 1990 International Public Health Fair." Biomedical Engineering 25, no. 3 (May 1991): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00566700.
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Lami, Faris, Ali Abdalkader Ali, Kareem Fathullah, and Hana Abdullatif. "Assessment of Temporary Medical Clinics During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 5, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): e10903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10903.
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Background During mass gatherings, public health services and other medical services should be planned to protect attendees and people living around the venue to minimize the risk of disease transmission. These services are essential components of adequate planning for mass gatherings. The Arbaeenia mass gathering signifies the remembrance of the death of Imam Hussain, celebrated by Shiite Muslims, and takes place in Karbala, which is a city in southern Iraq. This annual mass gathering is attended by millions of people from within and outside Iraq. Objective This study aimed to map the availability of medical supplies, equipment, and instruments and the health workforce at the temporary clinics located in Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2014. Methods This assessment was conducted on the temporary clinics that served the masses walking from Baghdad to Karbala. These clinics were set up by governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and some faith-based civil society organizations, locally known as mawakib. We developed a checklist to collect information on clinic location, affiliation, availability of safe water and electricity, health personnel, availability of basic medical equipment and instruments, drugs and other supplies, and average daily number of patients seen by the clinic. Results A total of 30 temporary clinics were assessed: 18 clinics were set up by the Ministry of Health of Iraq and 12 by other governmental organizations and NGOs. The clinics were staffed by a total of 44 health care workers. The health workers served 16,205 persons per day, an average of 540 persons per clinic, and 368 persons per health care worker per day. The majority of clinics (63% [19/30]-100% [30/30]) had basic medical diagnostic equipment. Almost all clinics had symptom relief medications (87% [26/30]-100% [30/30]). Drugs for diabetes and hypertension were available in almost half of the clinics. The majority of clinics had personal hygiene supplies and environmental sanitation detergents (78%-90%), and approximately half of the clinics had medical waste disposal supplies. Instruments for cleansing and dressing wounds and injuries were available in almost all clinics (97%), but only 4 clinics had surgical sterilization instruments. Conclusions Although temporary clinics were relatively equipped with basic medical supplies, equipment, and instruments for personal medical services, the health workforce was insufficient, given the number of individuals seeking care, and only limited public health service, personal infection control, and supplies were available at the clinics.
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Nemirova, S. V., A. V. Nikolsky, N. A. Trofimov, A. S. Mukhin, and V. S. Zakharov. "Possibilities of 3D Simulation Models in Continuous Professional Development of the Cardiovascular Surgeon." Virtual Technologies in Medicine 1, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.46594/2687-0037_2021_3_1386.
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The development of medical science and the technical support of hospitals leads to the annual appearance of new instruments in the hands of the cardiovascular surgeon. The improvement and expansion of the series of X-ray endovascular catheters and electrodes, as well as the differences between similar models from different manufacturers, forces the doctor to either take a new instrument into the operating room without prior approbation with the risk of reducing the effectiveness of treatment or use old, familiar equipment, which reduces the possibility of using the entire range of consumables and prevents personalization medical care.
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Wang, Jian Kun. "Management and Maintenance on CT, MRI, Gamma-Ray Radiotherapy Instrument." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1599.
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Medical Equipment, such as CT, MRI, Gamma-ray Radiotherapy Instrument, play an increasingly important role in modern medical field. While, this medical equipment cannot be managed and maintained well in some hospital. If the problems are still remained in the medical process, it will not only affect the health of patients, but also hamper the development of the medical profession. Therefore, to establish a scientific and reasonable quality control system of medical equipment is to be solved. This article analyzed to causes and background of strengthening the medical devices quality control system all over our country, put forward the new ideas for building the medical equipment quality control system, and elaborate how to strengthen the medical equipment quality control system for medical equipment management and maintenance.
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Bryce, E. A., E. Chia, G. Logelin, and J. A. Smith. "An Evaluation of the AbTox Plazlyte Sterilization System." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 18, no. 09 (September 1997): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/647691.
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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the AbTox Plazlyte Sterilization System against selected microbial species using inoculated carriers and surgical instruments. Setting: The microbiology laboratory of a 700-bed adult tertiary-care hospital. Design: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, microorganisms were inoculated to various metal, paper, plastic, and glass carriers, as well as surgical equipment, and processed in cycle II of the AbTox sterilizer. Phase 2 compared AbTox cycle III with ethylene oxide sterilization using stainless steel washers, penicylinders, and surgical equipment. In both phases, cultures of equipment and carriers were obtained after processing. The phenotypic profiles and antibiograms of positive cultures were compared to the original inoculate to rule out the possibility of contamination. Results: Of a total of 350 paper carriers, 375 metal washers, and 234 pieces of equipment processed in cycle II and using trypticase soy broth as the inoculating medium, 123 metal washers (32%) and 8 instruments (3%) failed to be sterilized. Similar failures were noted with cycle III. The presence of either salt or protein adversely affected the system's ability to sterilize in either cycle. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to evaluate the extent to which salt or organic material compromise low-temperature gas-plasma sterilization. Meanwhile, users should exercise caution and use care in the cleaning of instruments that will be processed in the plasma-based sterilization technologies
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Christensen, Warren, James K. Johnson, Grace R. Van Ness, Elliot Mylott, Justin C. Dunlap, Elizabeth A. Anderson, and Ralf Widenhorn. "Developing and Assessing Curriculum on the Physics of Medical Instruments." CBE—Life Sciences Education 12, no. 2 (June 2013): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.12-09-0142.
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Undergraduate educational settings often struggle to provide students with authentic biologically or medically relevant situations and problems that simultaneously improve their understanding of physics. Through exercises and laboratory activities developed in an elective Physics in Biomedicine course for upper-level biology or pre–health majors at Portland State University, we aim to teach fundamental physical concepts, such as light absorption and emission and atomic energy levels, through analysis of biological systems and medical devices. The activities address the properties of electromagnetic waves as they relate to the interaction with biological tissue and make links between physics and biomedical applications such as microscopy or laser eye surgery. We report on the effect that engaging students in tasks with actual medical equipment has had on their conceptual understanding of light and spectroscopy. These initial assessments indicate that students’ understanding improves in some areas as a result of taking the course, but gains are not uniform and are relatively low for other topics. We also find a promising “nonshift” in student attitudes toward learning science as a result of taking the course. A long-term goal of this work is to develop these materials to the extent that they can eventually be imported into an introductory curriculum for life sciences majors.
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Auty, B. "The DHSS Evaluation Programme for Infusion Control Instruments." Engineering in Medicine 15, no. 4 (October 1986): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/emed_jour_1986_015_049_02.
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The DHSS commissioned the Bath Institute of Medical Engineering (BIME) to carry out a comparative evaluation of instruments for the control of intravenous infusions. This project commenced six years ago. To date, six reports have been published in the DHSS‘ Health Equipment Information series and more are in preparation. Some three dozen different instruments have been assessed. The programme proceeds in three independent phases: technical, clinical, and safety testing. The technical phase includes performance testing in the laboratory, assessment of ease of operation and assessment of design and production techniques used, ease of servicing, and reliability. The clinical evaluation is designed to check the capability of the instrumentation under actual ward usage and questionnaires are completed by medical staff. Safety testing to BS 5724 Part 1 is undertaken at the British Standards Test House at Hemel Hempstead. There are four different types of instrument for infusion control: gravity controllers, drip-rate pumps, volumetric pumps, and syringe pumps. Each type has different performance characteristics to cater for specific applications. During the course of the evaluation, much has been learnt and many different aspects of performance have been studied, including drop size variations, air embolism, delivery pressure, and alarm response times.
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Wang, Yingmei, Fangxin Liu, and Xiaoyu Li. "Scientific Management of Equipment in Medical Innovation Laboratory." Scientific Review, no. 71 (January 21, 2021): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.7.1.11.14.
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Aim; To solve the problem of innovation laboratory instrument management and improve laboratory management level. Method; It is necessary to do an excellent job in managing innovative laboratory equipment by improving the equipment management system, functional division management, appointment registration, and strengthening the construction of management teams to guarantee the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities of undergraduates. Results; The number of innovative experimental projects approved and the number of project groups that the laboratory can accept at the same time was increased significantly. The utilization rate of laboratory equipment has increased, and the vacancy rate has decreased. Conclusion; Excellent instrument management can significantly improve the efficiency of scientific research in the innovation laboratory.
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Bryce, Elizabeth Ann, Katerina Dorovoni-Zis, Dianne Trudeau, Margaret Sinclair, and Fred J. Roberts. "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Management of Accidental Contamination of Neurosurgical Instruments, Pathology Equipment, and Solutions." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 21, no. 4 (April 2000): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/503215.
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Foxdal, P., Y. Bergqvist, S. Eckerbom, and B. Sandhagen. "Improving Lactate Analysis with the YSI 2300 Gl: Hemolyzing Blood Samples Makes Results Comparable with Those for Deproteinized Whole Blood." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 2110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.10.2110.
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Abstract To obviate the well-documented problem of hematocrit dependency of the Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) whole-blood lactate analyzer, we modified the dilution buffer by including a lysing reagent. This makes the results comparable with those of methods performed with deproteinized whole-blood samples. No centrifugation step is needed, thus preserving the convenience of the YSI instrument for stat and field use. The modification works equally well on plasma samples. Lactate concentrations measured in nonhemolyzed whole blood are not comparable with results for hemolyzed whole blood or protein-precipitated whole blood. We therefore recommend to all users of YSI equipment to lyse the erythrocytes before lactate determinations.
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Camargo, Tamara Carolina de, Caroline Dal Pian Alarcon Rocha, and Kazuko Uchikawa Graziano. "Steam sterilization of previously-assembled laparoscopic instruments." Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 21, no. 3 (2008): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002008000300018.
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Video-laparoscopy represents one of the greatest surgical advances in the recent past. Reprocessable laparoscopic instruments are complex devices that, if completely disassembled for sterilization, would cause problems for the surgical teams at the moment of their use in the surgery. The method of choice for the sterilization of this equipment is saturated steam under pressure. The goal of this review was to describe the state-of-the-art in the search for safe results in autoclaving the previously-assembled reprocessable laparoscopic instruments, since they are difficult to assemble at the moment of surgery. The PUBMED database was consulted, using controlled and free keywords, as well as their combinations, without time or language restrictions. The study investigating the exact issue of this research found contamination in both assembled (1/24) and disassembled (1/30) instruments, demonstrating equivalent risks. In view of the results and considering the lack of studies, a new experimental laboratory study is recommended, using a contamination challenge.
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Bradshaw, John Thomas, Tanya Knaide, Alex Rogers, and Richard Curtis. "Multichannel Verification System (MVS): A Dual-Dye Ratiometric Photometry System for Performance Verification of Multichannel Liquid Delivery Devices." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 10, no. 1 (February 2005): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2004.08.012.
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Artel has developed the Multichannel Verification System (MVS), a photometric method for verifying the performance of automated multichannel liquid delivery equipment. 1 On the basis of Artel's patented Dual-Dye Ratiometric Photometry method, the MVS determines both the accuracy and precision of each individual channel of a multichannel liquid delivery device. The MVS verifies aqueous volumes of 2–200 μL, produces results that are traceable to national standards, and can be applied to a wide range of instruments. It is important that the MVS is a robust system that is convenient to use in the laboratory environment so that the volumetric performance of automated liquid-handling equipment can be verified frequently without causing unnecessary delay in use of the instruments for their intended applications.
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BASUGI, N. ""Maintenance of Medical Instruments, Which Medical Doctors Want"("To What Extent Should Medical Equipments be Maintained?")." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.65.9_451.
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Kubrak, Nadezhda V., and Anastasiya Yu Kirsanova. "Rationalization of surgical instruments and devices for working with small laboratory animals." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-1-30-32.
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Summary. Scientific research is impossible without experiments on laboratory animals. At the same time, difficulties often arise in equipping such works with surgical instruments and technical devices. The aim of this study is creation and testing the surgical instruments for working with small laboratory animals. Surgical instruments were created and introduced into practice: a surgical hook, a retractor, a device for static fixation of tissues, and also a device for fixing animals. The developed instruments were tested in experiments on 160 laboratory rats for surgery on the spine and spinal cord. Usability, wear resistance, the ability to produce multiple copies were evaluated. These instruments have also been disinfected and sterilized with special equipment. The device for fixing animals was used during x-ray examinations. The use of the presented devices showed their ergonomics, resistance to processing cycles, as well as compliance with the requirements for medical instruments.
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Amorós, Susana, Carolina Gálvez-Montón, Oriol Rodríguez-Leor, and Juan Manuel O’Callaghan. "A Simple Low-Cost Electrocardiogram Synchronizer." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175885.
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization is useful to avoid the effects of cardiac motion in medical measurements, and is widely used in standard medical imaging. A number of medical equipment include embedded commercial synchronizers. However, the use of independent synchronization modules is sometimes needed when several non-integrated instruments are used, or in the development of new medical instruments and procedures. We present a simple low-cost ECG synchronizer module based on an Arduino controller board that converts the ECG signal into a transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) one, allowing real-time medical measurements triggered at specific phases of the cardiac cycle. The device and conversion algorithm developed is optimized in vitro using synthetic and human ECG signals, and tested in vivo on three swine specimens. Error rates during the in vivo testing stage remain below the 2% of the cycles in all animals and critical false positives are less than 1%, which is sufficient for most applications. Possible algorithm updates are discussed if its performance needs to be improved.
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SUZUKI, M. "Washing-Hand Equipment for Ward and Outpatient Department(Prevention of Infection Caused by Medical Instruments and Devices(2))." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.65.9_428.
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Du, Shumin, Huaiyin Chen, and Ruoyu Hong. "Preparation and electromagnetic properties characterization of reduced graphene oxide/strontium hexaferrite nanocomposites." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0010.
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AbstractWith the rapid development of electronics and information technology, electronics and electrical equipment have been widely used in our daily lives. The living environment is full of electromagnetic waves of various frequencies and energy. Electromagnetic wave radiation has evolved into a new type of environmental pollution that has been listed by the WHO (World Health Organization) as the fourth largest source of environmental pollution after water, atmosphere, and noise. Studies have shown that when electromagnetic wave radiation is too much, it can cause neurological disorders. And electromagnetic interference will cause the abnormal operation of medical equipment, precision instruments and other equipment, and therefore cause incalculable consequences. Therefore, electromagnetic protection has become a hot issue of concern to the social and scientific circles.
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Brodov, A. A., A. A. Gribkov, V. A. Uglov, and N. Kh Mukhatdinov. "Trends of manufacture and the Russian market of metallic medical products." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 11-12 (January 3, 2021): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-11-12-867-872.
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The article describes state of the Russian market of medical instruments and equipment, the volume of production, import and export of medical instruments based on metals, and assesses the import dependence on various market segments. The comparative analysis of domestic alloys and materials produced by foreign companies has shown that Russia has developed unique alloys and steels that have no analogues abroad, with improved indicators of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, static and cyclic strength. However, metallurgical products supplied to the medical industry do not always meet the quality requirements, and medical industry enterprises use imported types of metallic products. It should be noted that for medical purposes, lowtonnage production batches are required, which are associated with increased costs. The situation is aggravated by the fact that some of the enterprises that produced low-tonnage batches of special steels and alloys were completely liquidated. In this regard, it is necessary to create a specialized manufacture of such materials. Results of the analysis of the Russian market of special metals and alloys used for medical needs are presented, and ways to solve the problem of import substitution in this market are suggested.
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Brodov, A. A., A. A. Gribkov, V. A. Uglov, and N. Kh Mukhatdinov. "Trends of manufacture and the Russian market of metallic medical products." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 11-12 (January 3, 2021): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-11-12-867-872.
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The article describes state of the Russian market of medical instruments and equipment, the volume of production, import and export of medical instruments based on metals, and assesses the import dependence on various market segments. The comparative analysis of domestic alloys and materials produced by foreign companies has shown that Russia has developed unique alloys and steels that have no analogues abroad, with improved indicators of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, static and cyclic strength. However, metallurgical products supplied to the medical industry do not always meet the quality requirements, and medical industry enterprises use imported types of metallic products. It should be noted that for medical purposes, lowtonnage production batches are required, which are associated with increased costs. The situation is aggravated by the fact that some of the enterprises that produced low-tonnage batches of special steels and alloys were completely liquidated. In this regard, it is necessary to create a specialized manufacture of such materials. Results of the analysis of the Russian market of special metals and alloys used for medical needs are presented, and ways to solve the problem of import substitution in this market are suggested.
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Kramer, G. W. "Integrating laboratory robots with analytical instruments--must it really be so difficult?" Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.9.1556.
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Abstract Creating a reliable system from discrete laboratory instruments is often a task fraught with difficulties. While many modern analytical instruments are marvels of detection and data handling, attempts to create automated analytical systems incorporating such instruments are often frustrated by their human-oriented control structures and their egocentricity. The laboratory robot, while fully susceptible to these problems, extends such compatibility issues to the physical dimensions involving sample interchange, manipulation, and event timing. The workcell concept was conceived to describe the procedure and equipment necessary to carry out a single task during sample preparation. This notion can be extended to organize all operations in an automated system. Each workcell, no matter how complex its local repertoire of functions, must be minimally capable of accepting information (commands, data), returning information on demand (status, results), and being started, stopped, and reset by a higher level device. Even the system controller should have a mode where it can be directed by instructions from a higher level.
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Lee, Seong Su, Su Jin Kim, Jong Eun Jung, Gunn Hee Kim, Mi Young Kwon, and Mi Jung Yun. "Infection control in operating rooms for COVID-19 patients." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 64, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2021.64.7.491.
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Background: Surgeries performed for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) place the medical staff at very high risk of infection. We suggest recommendations for appropriate operation preparation, anesthetic management, and infection control for COVID-19 patients in operating rooms.Current Concepts: Surgeries must be performed in an airborne infection isolation room, such as a negative-pressure operating room. It is recommended that scheduled surgeries for COVID-19 patients be postponed to an acceptable extent, with the exception of emergency cases. Moreover, the number of medical staff participating in the surgery should be minimized. Medical staffs should practice proper hand hygiene and wear an appropriate level of personal protective equipment depending on the infection risk. While performing surgery and inducing anesthesia in COVID-19 patients, endotracheal intubation should be performed by trained anesthesiologists with a video laryngoscope, preferably using high-efficiency viral filters, which can prevent contamination in the anesthesia machine. Use of disposable equipment or COVID-19 patient-specific devices is recommended to prevent the spread of infection, but instruments that require sharing among multiple patients must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before their use for the next patient.Discussion and Conclusion: Medical staff performing surgeries for COVID-19 patients are at very high risk of infection. Therefore, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, high-efficiency viral filters in breathing circuits during anesthesia, and disinfection of contaminated equipment after the operation are mandatory.
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Usaquén Perilla, Sandra Patricia, José Isidro García Melo, Laura Valentina Bocanegra Villegas, and Juan Camilo Osorio Salgado. "Multicriterial analysis for the prioritization of technological alternatives for POCT blood gas equipment procurement in a high-complexity healthcare institution." DYNA 87, no. 212 (January 1, 2020): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n212.81192.
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This study proposes a multi-criteria analysis for the prioritization of alternatives for POCT blood gas analysis equipment procurement in a high-complexity healthcare institution through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This work is presented as a tool for hospitals and is based on the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) model that supports the decision-making process in the acquisition of medical equipment. For this, criteria, sub-criteria and assessment instruments were identified based on the Core and mini-HTA models, review of scientific articles and healthcare institution requirements for high-complexity healthcare. The proposed approach was applied to the procurement process of POCT equipment in a healthcare institution in the city of Santiago de Cali-Colombia. As a result, the current procurement process was simplified by identifying five criteria and eleven sub-criteria that allowed the prioritization of POCT blood gas analysis equipment alternatives. Furthermore, three criteria with greater relevance were identified in the technological selection process.
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Zheleva, Zlatina, Slavka Hristozova, and Rumyana Stoyanova. "LANGUAGE TEACHING AT THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY AND INSTRUMENTS FOR ACHIEVING EFFECTIVENESS." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 6 (October 4, 2019): 1633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061633z.
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Foreign language teaching to medical students depends on solving various institutional problems. In this sense, its effectiveness is a variable which influences the level of education at the university. Effectiveness of academic education depends on two groups of conditions- one is the purely material aspect- the place and conditions in which education takes place, the financial resources and the second one includes the psychoemotional aspect of training- the so-called didactic costs which include the physical and emotional efforts invested in the process of training both on the side of the lecturer and student. One of the ways to improve effectiveness is by restricting didactic costs- the less the psychoemotional tension and anxiety- the better results would a student achieve. Giving the student the opportunity to “manage his/her own manner of learning” and placing the student in the centre of the educational process would inevitably lead to increasing student motivation.Another mechanism to achieve effectiveness and quality of education is through activating the inner motivation of students to learn a foreign language. The latter is influenced by factors such as concentration, attention, a feeling of complete participation in the process of training, lack of fear of failure, assuming responsibility for the achieved results etc. A new aspect of contemporary learning success is differentiation in education, introduction of the individual, personal style of learning of each student. An appropriate instrument or tool in achieving motivation is for the learning process to follow and conform to the different learning styles of students. The individual learning style implies the individual preferences in perceiving and memorizing information. The aim of the present paper is to identify these styles in students from the Medical University – Plovdiv and thus to identify their satisfaction with foreign language learning. The survey was conducted in 2017 among 140 students from 16 countries. A written questionnaire and a psychological test were used to gather the data. Determinants for satisfaction were identifies as: the material setting and technological equipment, personal characteristics of the teacher and the microclimate in the student group. An adapted LSI (Learning Style Inventory) specifically adapted for Bulgaria which includes four types of approaches to the learning process- specific experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation was used. The results are distributed according to gender, specialty, year of studies and Kolb’s learning styles- divergent, assimilative, convergent and accommodative. The leading learning style according to our survey proves to be the convergent on with women having higher values (32,14%) than men (24,28%), next comes the assimilative learning style with men having higher value (17,14%) as opposed to women (14,28%). The accommodative is next – 5% of women and 3.57% men prefer this learning style and the least proffered one is the divergent one – 3,57% of women and 2,88% of men prefer it.
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Farnsworth, Christopher W., Meghan A. Wallace, Albert Liu, Ann M. Gronowski, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, and Melanie L. Yarbrough. "Evaluation of the Risk of Laboratory Microbial Contamination during Routine Testing in Automated Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratories." Clinical Chemistry 66, no. 9 (August 13, 2020): 1190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa128.
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Abstract Background Every clinical specimen is potentially infectious, but data regarding risk for contamination of the laboratory environment during routine testing are scarce. We assessed contamination during routine sample analysis in automated clinical chemistry and microbiology laboratories. Methods A fluorescent marker was applied to specimen container exteriors to assess the impact of gross contamination. Nonpathogenic MS2 virus was added to remnant blood, urine, and ESwab matrices as a biomarker of cross-contamination. Samples were processed and analyzed using Roche Cobas 8100 and ISE, c502, e602, and c702 modules (blood) and BD Kiestra total laboratory automation (blood, urine, ESwabs) over 3 experiments. Fluorescence transfer to laboratory surfaces and personnel was visualized using ultraviolet light. Surfaces were swabbed and assessed for MS2 cross-contamination by RT-PCR. Adherence to standard precautions by laboratory staff was assessed by observation. Results Fluorescence was observed on 49 of 165 (30%) laboratory surfaces and personnel and 21 of 93 (23%) total laboratory automation instruments. Fluorescence transferred most frequently to gloves (31/40), computer accessories (9/18), and specimen loading racks (12/12). None of 123 areas swabbed were positive for MS2. Improper personal protective equipment use occurred at a rate of 0.36 and 0.15 events per staff per hour in the chemistry and microbiology laboratories, respectively. Hand-washing compliance was observed for 61 of 132 (46%) staff members evaluated. Conclusions Analysis of grossly contaminated specimens on automated chemistry and microbiology equipment elicits a low likelihood of instrument contamination. However, handling contaminated specimen containers can result in contamination of environmental laboratory surfaces, representing a source of risk that is heightened by low adherence to appropriate personal protective equipment.
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Baulin, Yuriy V., Borys A. Rohozhyn, and Inna A. Vyshnevska. "LABOUR SAFETY OF MEDICAL WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LEGAL ASPECT." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012202.
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The aim: To develop an algorithm of legal support of the system that guarantees safe working conditions of medical workers at medical institutions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and methods: The following materials were used in the paper: Interim Recommendations of the World Health Organization, documents of The World Medical Association, international human rights instruments, international labour protection acts, European health legislation, the decision of the European Court of Human Rights, judicial practice and survey of 60 specialists. The following methods were used in the paper: system method, comparative method, the method of questionnaires and formal logical method. Results: The survey of physicians allowed to state the need to create local protocols or technological maps of the use of personal protective equipment and the development and approval of the relevant results of their use - standards to ensure safe working conditions. Conclusions: Proposals for legal support of the system of guaranteeing safe working conditions for medical workers at the local level have been formulated. Every medical enterprise should have a system of guaranteeing safe working conditions for medical workers by: distribution of responsibilities between the heads of medical enterprises, issuing departmental and local acts on ensuring their work and acquainting medical workers with them, ensuring proper quality and quantity of personal protective equipment and, accordingly, monitoring their use and the functioning of the system of guaranteeing safe conditions.
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CHEE, W. S. ADAM. "IT SECURITY IN BIOMEDICAL IMAGING INFORMATICS: THE HIDDEN VULNERABILITY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 07, no. 01 (March 2007): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519407002170.
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The convergence of biomedical instruments and computing platforms has resulted in medical imaging equipment being subjected to the threats of malicious software (Malware) which have traditionally plagued the computing industry. Vulnerabilities increase several-fold with implementations of Clinical Information Systems like the Picture Archival & Communication Systems (PACS), where computer-based biomedical equipment work hand in glove with computer servers. With the increasing complexity of modern Malware, proactive monitoring and reviews of known vulnerabilities are no longer sufficient. An institute faced with an IT security attack on their medical networks will still experience extended downtime, performance degradation and increased service costs, even if equipped with an adequate security system and recovery plans. Biomedical equipment vendors usually need more time than computing vendors to validate the security updates required for vulnerabilities before they can recommend changes for installation to their systems. This includes all system changes, patches, updates, and enhancements. However, the interval between the launch of a new Malware attack and the availability of a solution from the vendor can result in the medical network being compromised and rendered totally crippled. In view of such new challenges, it is crucial to redesign your medical network and operating procedures to ensure continuous operation with minimum performance degradation even under a Malware attack until the biomedical equipment vendor can provide the software updates to resolve security vulnerabilities. Such strategic implementation is not only necessary to ensure integrity and confidentiality of patient's data but also to protect the healthcare institute's reputation and business continuity.
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Chacón, D., M. Romero, F. Mattea, and M. Valente. "DEVELOPMENT OF A LASER SCANNER FOR POLYMER GEL DOSIMETRY." AnalesAFA Vol.31 N.2 31, no. 2 (2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2020.31.2.55.
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Advances of the medical application of ionizing radiation, and specifically in cancer treatment, are continuously evolving and gaining higher degrees of complexity. Therefore, the ability to determine and ensure the safety and precision of these techniques must be accompanied by novel dosimetry systems. Polymer gel dosimetry is one of the new and re-markable dosimetry systems that can quantitatively record the absorbed dose and register 3D dose distributions with high resolution while maintaining tissue-equivalent properties. Typical methods used to read the recorded signal in a polymer gel dosimeter, such as magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray tomography, and ultrasound-based techniques in-clude complex and expensive instruments. On the other hand, there are low-cost alternatives like optical methods that can be optimized and designed for the study of polymer gel dosimetry. The objective of this study is to present the de-sign, construction, development, and characterization of a low-cost laser scanner for bi-dimensional PGD analysis. With this equipment, characterization and optimization assays were performed on typical samples, and compared to those obtained by commercial or validated instruments with similar results, proving the capacity of the designed instrument as a reading tool for polymeric gel dosimetry.
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Felkai, Péter. "Airport security check of medical substances used during patient repatriation." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 37 (September 2012): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29433.
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Introduction: During airport security check of passenger luggage, hazardous items and substances are prohibited to be taken into the restricted safety zone of the airport and the aircraft. Among equipment of the medical staff escorting the patient, there are several devices and materials which are considered hazardous for security reasons. However, medical equipment and substances are indispensable for treating patients during the flight. Aim: The aim of the author was to present his experience obtained with the use of an instrument developed for testing liquids, aerosols and gels for security reasons. Method: An instrument based on Raman spectroscopy was used for the identification of medical substances. Results: The results confirmed that the instrument was able to recognize the tested medical substances. The non-destructive testing maintained sample integrity and asepsis. Conclusions: The data indicate that the instrument has a promising utility for the identification of medical substances. It seems important that during repatriation medical substances should be selected not only on the ground of their medical necessity, but their packaging should be also taken into consideration. It is necessary to perform more tests on different medical substances used in emergency care in order to make the database of medical substances stored in the library of instrument more complete. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1469–1474.
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Kandwal, Dr Priya, Dr Reshmi Roy, Dr Sudhir K Rana, and Dr Bhim S Mahawal. "Bacterial colonization of medical equipments: A surveillance study of NICU and PICU instruments." Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 5, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 1026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2019.i12.10.
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Knickerbocker, G. Guy. "The Evaluation of Resuscitation and Critical Care Equipment: A Quality Assurance Service for the User." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043818.
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Several thousand distinct medical devices exist and for each one the user usually has a choice from among a number of manufacturers. The process whereby a clinician or hospital purchasing agent makes a selection from a number of competing brands may be based on anything from, on the one extreme, little more than an emotional attraction to a particular brand name to, at the other end of the spectrum, a fully enlightened choice after an inhouse evaluation together with extensive additional information. This paper will describe, with concrete examples drawn from the ensemble of equipment used in the fields of resuscitation and critical care, how Emergency Care Research Institute evaluates such devices, investigates hazards associated with these instruments, and communicates this information to users.
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Ng, San W., Rosmin Esmail, William J. Sibbald, and Gordon S. Doig. "Potential Savings Involved in the Purchase of Low-Cost, High-Volume Medical Commodities as Established from a Community Hospital Survey." Healthcare Management Forum 9, no. 4 (December 1996): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60758-2.
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Health technology refers to the instruments, equipment, drugs and procedures used in health care delivery, as well as the organizations supporting it. Health technology assessment, which is the process of conducting investigations to establish the criteria for efficacious, effective and efficient patient care, is becoming increasingly important in an era of diminishing resources. This survey of 39 community hospitals in southwestern Ontario found that improved purchasing strategies can result in substantial cost savings which can in turn be used to improve patient care. The study shows that optimizing the price of basic hospital commodities could save an average community hospital as much as $625,000 per year.
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Птащенко, Олена В., Катерина В. Ватолінська, and Олександр В. Бєкетов. "ТОРГОВЕЛЬНЕ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО УКРАЇНИ У СФЕРІ ВИСОКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ: МАРКЕТИНГОВИЙ АСПЕКТ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 153, no. 6 (July 4, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2020.6.6.
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The paper provides insights into the main elements of international marketing that contribute to building trade cooperation of Ukrainian high-tech businesses. It is emphasized that in modern realia, the high-tech market is one of the fastest growing markets; its development dynamics is determined by the prevailing market value for high-tech industries. Moreover, most world countries associate the According to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), the group of key technologies includes the production of the following 16 science-intensive products: 1) advanced products of organic and polymer chemistry; 2) pharmaceuticals; 3) agricultural chemistry; 4) radioactive materials; 5) turbines and reactors; 6) equipment; 7) nuclear power generators; 8) hydroelectric power plants and wind power plants; 9) equipment for automated information processing; 10) telecommunication equipment; 11) electronic equipment and medical and economic equipment; 12) semiconductor equipment; 13) advanced electrical equipment; 14) aviation and space technology; 15) modern optical instruments and measuring equipment; 16) arms and ammunition. It is noted that in recent decades the share of knowledge-intensive and high-tech products in industrial production in most developed countries is gradually increasing. At the same time, the share of high technology in exports and imports of products is rapidly growing which is associated, on the one hand, with the demand for high-tech products in developing countries, and on the other – with a steady trend for specialization and segmentation of these products in the world market. The above tends to have important implications for Ukraine to encourage further research in the area of trade cooperation.
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Akins, Ralitsa, and Hoi Ho. "Clinical Simulation in Modern Teaching and Training of Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, no. 4 (2009): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1030.
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Abstract Advances in computer technology, hardware and software have made ultrasound a diagnostic imaging technique of choice in certain areas of medicine or specialties such as obstetrics and gynecology. In teaching and training of obs/gyne ultrasonography, medical educators can utilize different forms of clinical simulators: traditional standardized patients and standard ultrasound diagnostic equipment, computer-based simulators, ultrasound simulators or ultrasound simulators with manikins. The popularity of a simulator is determined not only by its features, ease of use and cost, but also by its available learning modules and applications. Technology in ultrasound and computers are rapidly advancing in enhancing the quality and miniaturizing ultrasound machines. Portable and handheld ultrasound equipments are quickly becoming indispensable diagnostic instruments in different health care settings especially the emergency rooms and physician offices. Concerns, however, remain related to the lack of competence of health care providers in using and interpreting results of ultrasound studies, and the needs to standardize the training in ultrasonography. It is important to have access to one or more ultrasound simulators; however, it is even more important to establish and integrate fundamental structure of training ultrasonography into the main training curriculum of undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate medical education.
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Aktaruzzaman, Mohammed, Muhammad Joynal Abedin, MD Rakibul Islam, and Abdur Rakib Nayeem. "How network science application works on global supply chain management: A study on medical equipment during Covid-19 pandemic." Journal of Social Sciences Advancement 1, no. 01 (September 28, 2020): 08–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jssa20-010102-02.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has featured the delicacy of the around the world entwined supply chains. Our essential inspiration is to direct a huge scope study utilizing mined information related with multi-level and multi-layer investigation of the worldwide store network of the clinical hardware. We analyse the information structure utilizing network science investigation instruments. This work might be a harbinger for future exploration zeroed in on select levels and layers of arranged production network information. The flow research uncovers a few beforehand obscure examples of the worldwide inventory network including the part of expense safe house countries, Personal Computer programming/equipment industry, semiconductor industry, and engine vehicle and auto bodies in the clinical gear industry. Also, we directed a profound organization investigation of the impact and job of China in worldwide clinical gear. Generally, the outcomes uncover some new and significant bits of knowledge into the worldwide store network as it identifies with clinical hardware.
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Zalipska, Iryna. "CONTEMPOPARY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY: THE PROBLEM OF THE THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION." Studia Linguistica, no. 17 (2020): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2020.17.61-74.
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The article analyzes an overview of the scientific literature devoted to the study of the current state of medical terminology research in linguistics. The urgency of studying particular aspects of this problem, their perspective and significance are presented. It emphasizes on the monosemantic basis of the term. Medical terminology is a system which is used to preserve the general lexical features of natural language units in a medical terminology database, which is a set of collective knowledge of conventional and complementary medicine. The source base of the study is Ukrainian and English medical terms. The thematic groups are represented: anatomical medical terms, clinical medical terms, medical terms of diseases’ names, dental terms and pharmaceutical terms. The anatomic medical terms are divided into thematic groups: parts of body and viscera, human body tissues, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, endocrine system, central nervous system, senses system, urinary system, reproductive system. The clinical medical terms include the names of medical institutions and departments, methods of patient diagnosis, medical processes, surgical instruments and equipment, oncological, traumatology, obstetrics terms, terms of dietary and nanotechnology. The nomenclature of medical terms of diseases names, dental terms and pharmaceutical terms are systematized. The importance of the researched theme in mastering professional terminology is confirmed.
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Wu, Xun Hui, Yun Khoon Liew, Chun-Wai Mai, and Yoon Yee Then. "Potential of Superhydrophobic Surface for Blood-Contacting Medical Devices." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073341.
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Medical devices are indispensable in the healthcare setting, ranging from diagnostic tools to therapeutic instruments, and even supporting equipment. However, these medical devices may be associated with life-threatening complications when exposed to blood. To date, medical device-related infections have been a major drawback causing high mortality. Device-induced hemolysis, albeit often neglected, results in negative impacts, including thrombotic events. Various strategies have been approached to overcome these issues, but the outcomes are yet to be considered as successful. Recently, superhydrophobic materials or coatings have been brought to attention in various fields. Superhydrophobic surfaces are proposed to be ideal blood-compatible biomaterials attributed to their beneficial characteristics. Reports have substantiated the blood repellence of a superhydrophobic surface, which helps to prevent damage on blood cells upon cell–surface interaction, thereby alleviating subsequent complications. The anti-biofouling effect of superhydrophobic surfaces is also desired in medical devices as it resists the adhesion of organic substances, such as blood cells and microorganisms. In this review, we will focus on the discussion about the potential contribution of superhydrophobic surfaces on enhancing the hemocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices.
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Sweigert, Patrick, Adam Van Huis, Eric Marcotte, and Bipan Chand. "Flexible Endoscopy: The Fundamentals." Digestive Disease Interventions 02, no. 04 (December 2018): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675754.
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Endoscopy highlights the intersection of technological advancements and medical application. Innovation in optics, illumination, imaging, and manufacturing has allowed for the development of a complex array of instruments for use by endoscopists. Flexible gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has emerged to become a well-established minimally invasive aspect of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of GI disease.Flexible endoscopes and their associated instruments and platforms are described, acknowledging that such lists are dynamic. The procedure environment is also described in terms of location, equipment, ergonomics, personnel involved, and recovery considerations.Recommendations from GI and anesthesiology associations are outlined to summarize current practices in the administration of sedative drugs to reduce patient discomfort, allow for a technically successful procedure, and reduce patient memory of the procedure.The training process for GI endoscopy is described for general surgery residents and GI fellows. Training involves didactic and technical curriculum along with mentor-supervised endoscopic procedures. After the completion of training, residents and fellows proceed through a credentialing process, which culminates in granting privileges to an individual to perform GI endoscopic procedures. Once in practice, providers must stay up to date on the ever-changing world of medical documentation, coding, and billing to ensure appropriate reimbursement.
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Dugarte Jerez, Nelson, Antonio Alvarez, Edison Dugarte, Negman Alvarado, and Sonu Bhaskar. "Practical Design of Flow Meter for Mechanical Ventilation Equipment." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.21.e5.
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This paper introduces a practical technique for the design of an instrument used in air flow measurement or flowmeter. This instrument is an essential component in the hospital medical ventilation equipment functioning, therefore, the parameters design presented in this article focus on this purpose. However, this instrument can be employed to any measurement scale. The technique is based on indirect flow measurement, using a sensor that converts the flow parameter into a differential pressure measurement. An electronic transducer allows the differential pressure values to be obtained as an electrical signal, which is then digitized and analyzed to obtain the original parameter. The experimental procedure presented in this paper utilizes a computational algorithm to perform the signal analysis; however, given the simplicity of the procedure, this could be adapted to any digital processing card or platform, to show the measurement obtained immediately. Preliminary analyses demonstrated instrument efficiency with sensitivity of 0.0681 L/s. Accuracy evaluation showed an average measurement error lesser than 1.4%, with a standard deviation of 0.0612 and normal distribution over the set of test measurements.
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Burke-Klein, Eileen. "Pulmonary Function Testing Procedures: A Preliminary Study of Local Occupational Health Clinics." AAOHN Journal 34, no. 8 (August 1986): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507998603400803.
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For the results of pulmonary function testing to be valid, the examination must be administered by a knowledgeable technician and the instrument must fulfill performance criteria. In general, most small to mid-sized industries rely upon local medical clinics to provide pulmonary function tests. Because of this, a survey was undertaken to study the pulmonary function testing services available at occupational medical clinics in a large metropolitan area. The purpose of this study was: 1. to determine the percentage of clinics complying with the program prerequisites mentioned above, and 2. to identify the other predictive characteristics of clinics more likely to meet these standards. A random sample of occupational medical clinics providing pulmonary function testing were selected for this study. Of the 31 clinics providing pulmonary function testing services, a random sample of 14 were chosen to perticipate; for these clinics, administrators and/or physicians were interviewed and testing equipment was examined. It was found that 17% of clinics employed certified technicians to conduct testing and 42% had instruments meeting performance specifications. Overall, only 8% of the sample met both prerequisites. No significant relationship was found between selected variables that it was hoped would identify clinics more likely to perform valid pulmonary function testing. It is believed that a larger sample size would be necessary to establish such significant correlations.