Academic literature on the topic 'Medical / Laboratory Medicine'

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Journal articles on the topic "Medical / Laboratory Medicine"

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Smith, Brian R., Maria Aguero-Rosenfeld, John Anastasi, Beverly Baron, Anders Berg, Jay L. Bock, Sheldon Campbell, et al. "Educating Medical Students in Laboratory Medicine." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 133, no. 4 (April 2010): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/ajcpqct94sferlni.

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Wilson, Michael L. "Educating Medical Students in Laboratory Medicine." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 133, no. 4 (April 2010): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/ajcpqia4fugmvht8.

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Arora, DR, and B. Arora. "Ethics in laboratory medicine." Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 25, no. 3 (2007): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.34756.

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Arora, DR, and B. Arora. "ETHICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE." Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 25, no. 3 (July 2007): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02103-4.

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Smith, Brian R., Malek Kamoun, and John Hickner. "Laboratory Medicine Education at U.S. Medical Schools." Academic Medicine 91, no. 1 (January 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000817.

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Rodriguez, Fred H. "Why Medical Students Should Study Laboratory Medicine." Critical Values 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/criticalvalues/4.3.18.

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Steiner, M. "Tietz's Applied Laboratory Medicine." LaboratoriumsMedizin 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlm.2008.012i.

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Majkić-Singh, Nada. "Laboratory Medicine Management: Leadership Skills for Effective Laboratory." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jomb-2017-0034.

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SummaryForum of the European Societies of Clinical Chemistry (FESCC) decided that the FESCC Symposium for Balkan Region would be held each year in Belgrade and organized by the Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia and Montenegro (SMBSM). Professor Victor Blaton, at the time President of the FESCC, supported the organization of the Symposium. Purpose of these Symposia has been to educate clinical biochemists from Balkan region to improve management, leadership skills for effective laboratories. As a result of these decision twelve symposia have been organized thus far very successfully. Here the most important Symposium topics will be reviewed. Also, the 13thEFLM Symposium for Balkan Region under the title »Laboratory Medicine Management: Leadership Skills for Effective Laboratory«(Belgrade, September 2017) is organized by EFLM and SMBS under the Auspices of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia and Ministry of Health of Serbia with participation of the European and domestic specialists in field of Laboratory Medicine.
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England, J. "Medical Laboratory Haematology." Journal of Clinical Pathology 38, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.38.3.358-a.

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Wood, J. "Medical Laboratory Haematology." Journal of Clinical Pathology 44, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 879–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.44.10.879-d.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical / Laboratory Medicine"

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Suwarno, Neihl Omar 1963. "A computer based data acquisition and analysis system for a cardiovascular research laboratory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558111.

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Zurgani, Emad K. A. "Documentation of the body transformations during the decomposition process : from the crime scene to the laboratory." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34690/.

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Forensic science is defined as the application of scientific or technical practices to the recognition, collection, analysis, and interpretation of evidence for criminal and civil law or regulatory issues. A combination of computer science in the field of 3D reconstruction and molecular biology science and techniques were employed in this research aims to document and record a complete picture of the body decomposition process including the changes of the microbiome over the decomposition process. In this thesis, the possibility to reconstruct the crime scene and the decomposition process was investigated. In addition, a 3D model aiming to integrate the biological and thanatological information was generated. The possibility of utilising Autodesk 123D Catch software as a new tool for 3D reconstruction of a crime scene was thoroughly evaluated. First experiments demonstrated that the number of photos required to obtain the best result was specified to be from 20 to 30 photos as a minimum. In addition, significant experiments were performed in different conditions of sizes, locations, and different involved materials. The measurements were obtained from the models using the same software were compared with the real measurements of the tested objects. The result of the correlation between real and estimated measurements showed a very strong agreement ranging from 0.994 to 1.000. With reference to the documentation of the decomposition process, there are different factors, intrinsic and extrinsic, have been reported affecting the decomposition of a carrion/body. These factors mainly interact with the rates of the biological and chemical reaction happening after death. The biological reactions are mainly due to the activity of microorganism and insects. Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) were used as a model for human studies and the results obtained have been applied to other mammals without considering the effect of fur on the decomposition process and on the insect and microbial colonisation. In order to investigate this point, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with and without fur were used in two sets of experiments at Huddersfield in summer 2014 and in spring 2015. The results obtained in this study showed a similarity of the decomposition stages between animals with and without fur. However, the decomposition process was faster during the summer due to the fast of insect colonisation and activity. In addition, the entomological data collected during the summer and spring experiments were demonstrated that the same taxa nearly were present in both seasons, except Hydrotaea (Diptera, Muscidae), which was presented only in the summer experiment, moreover, only one sample of Lucilia sericata (Calliphoridae) was detected in the spring season. Differences in colonisation time were observed only in spring experiment; animals without fur were colonised two days before animals with fur. The season could have affected the insect’s activity and the spread of the decomposition volatiles. The microbial communities during the decomposition process were investigated using BIOLOG EcoPlateTM and the hypervariable V1-3 region of 16S rRNA gene was used for their molecular identification based on pyrosequencing. Eurofins Genomic Operon using 454-GS Junior pyrosequencing platform (Roche) carried out these analyses. The functional diversity of the bacterial communities on all carcasses samples showed a considerable variability depending on the stage of the decomposition and the sampling region (Oral cavity, skin and interface-sand-carrion) in both seasons. Furthermore, over the molecular analyses of bacterial communities at the phylum level, four main phyla of bacteria were detected among analysed carrion during the decomposition process. These phyla were changed significantly during the stages of the decomposition and between sampling regions. While no difference was observed due to presence or absence of fur. On the other hand, the analysis at the family level was able to highlight differences at the temporal scale but as well as carrion with and without fur. The statistical analysis results showed a significant difference in the bacterial community family distribution among the presence of fur and among the decomposition stages, with significant differences among sampling regions and seasons.
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Small, Kathy S. "Retention Strategies for Medical Technologists: Addressing the Shortages and Vacancies in the Clinical Laboratory." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2299.

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It is important to have well-trained and qualified laboratory professionals. Seventy percent of patient care is based on decisions made from laboratory results, yet there is a growing shortage of medical technologists. Although some baby boomers are delaying retirement, worsening of the shortage crisis is inevitable. Retention of medical technologists has become more important than recruitment. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate innovative retention strategies used by clinical laboratory managers throughout the United States. A significant finding of this study was the lack of qualified medical technologists entering the ranks of laboratory managers. This study identified a need for a more defined career path and more recognition of the importance of laboratory scientists. It is recommended that studies be undertaken to examine the opinions of hospital and medical group practice administrators as well as the view of medical technologists regarding retention strategies that are proven to be effective.
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O'Connell-Spalla, Joan. "Medical Laboratory Testing Personnel: Perception of Professional Status and Engagement in Professional Development and Career Advocacy." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1627410209680141.

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De, Beer Corena. "Clinical and laboratory investigation of latex allergy in healthcare workers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49883.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Healthcare workers (HCWs) wear latex gloves to protect themselves and their patients against the transmission of microbial, viral and bloodborne diseases. These individuals are primarily exposed to latex via cutaneous (direct contact) and mucocutaneous (inhalation of airborne allergens on glove powder) routes. Repeated exposure leads to the formation of circulating latex-specific IgE and subsequent sensitisation with varying clinical expression. The airconditioning system of the Tygerberg Hospital (TBH) complex was investigated for the presence of aerosolised cornstarch glove powder and proteins. Dust samples were collected from 14 areas with different levels of latex glove usage. Dust samples were spectrophotometrically compared to a calibration graph of pure glove powder. The detection of starch and proteins in all the dust samples confirmed the presence of glove powder and possibly airborne latex allergens in the airconditioning ducts. As expected, the high exposure areas showed the highest concentrations of both starch and proteins. It is possible that other proteins than latex were involved, but the confirmed high level of protein contamination should be a cause for concern. Correlation between starch and protein levels was highly significant (p<0.01) in all instances. A total of 500 questionnaires were circulated for completion by HCWs from TBH. The response rate was 69.8%. After considering specific inclusion criteria, a study group of 152 individuals was compiled (28 males, 124 females). All subjects had current latex exposure and suffered from at least three pre-defined symptoms. Serum was collected from all subjects and dermal fluid from 31 subjects. Total IgE and latex specific IgE analysis were done on all serum and dermal fluid samples. Latex-specific IgE was positive (>0.35 IU/ℓ) in 23 serum and six dermal fluid samples. Skin prick tests (SPTs)for latex were done on 59 subjects with negative serum latex-specific IgE and 34 had positive results. Twelve subjects with negative latex-specific IgE and latex SPTs underwent patch tests with the European Standard Series, a piece of latex glove and glove powder in petrolatum. Three subjects had positive results to one or more of these allergens. Western blot analysis for latex was done on all positive sera and dermal fluid collected from these subjects. Western blot analysis for latex proved to be more sensitive than the capRAST, because it was able to identify specific bands in samples with negative capRAST results. All subjects showed a band for Hev b 1, which has been confirmed as a powder-bound airborne allergen. Hev b 6.01 is associated with HCWs with cutaneous symptoms and this band was recognised by 81% of the subjects. These findings confirmed that airborne and cutaneous routes are the major routes of exposure in HCWs. According to their laboratory results, subjects were divided into the following subgroups and compared statistically: Group A (serum positive, n=23), Group B (SPT positive, n=34) and Group C (negative, n=25). Group D (withdrawn, n=70) could not be used for statistical comparisons, due to incomplete results. An overall latex allergy prevalence of 38% was found. Group A differed significantly from Group B and Group C for most clinical and special investigations. Group A and B were also combined to represent all subjects with positive results (Cohort AB). The Allergy Score and Class were highly significant when Cohort AB was compared to Group C. The selection of clinical symptoms was confirmed to be relevant and work-related deterioration on any of the symptoms should bear a high index of suspicion in the evaluation of latex allergy. Numerical indices and specific symptoms showed high positive predictive values and the Allergy Score produced statistical significance in the positive subgroups when compared to the negative subgroup. Paired statistical significance was confirmed between the Allergy Score and occupational exposure (number of years, hours and pairs per week). The areas with the highest occupational latex exposure in HCWs are the face and hands. Different occupations also have different levels of exposure and two subgroups of HCWs (16 laboratory technologists and 13 theatre staff) were investigated for sebum content on different facial areas and the palms and dorsal areas of both hands. Baseline measurements were done before putting on gloves. In 21 subjects follow up measurements were done following three to four hours of occupational exposure, but before washing their hands. Baseline and follow up values were compared for all the different anatomical regions. Levels on the forehead and cheeks increased over time, while the level on the nose decreased. All hand regions decreased significantly during occupational exposure, suggesting that glove powder contributes to dryness of the skin. In conclusion, the problem posed by latex allergy will not be solved overnight and will probably remain a major occupational hazard for years to come. It is currently not possible to avoid exposure to latex, but it is imperative to institute safety measures to prevent further sensitisation in predisposed individuals and manage those already affected.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesondheidswerkers dra lateks handskoene om hulleself en hulle pasiënte te beskerm teen die oordrag van mikrobiale, virale en bloed-gedraagde siektes. Die lateks blootstelling vind hier hoofsaaklik plaas via kutane (direkte velkontak) en mukokutane (inaseming van lug-gedraagde allergene op hanskoen poeier) roetes. Herhaalde blootstelling veroorsaak sirkulerende lateksspesifieke IgE en sensitisasie met variërende kliniese beelde. Die lugreëlingstelsel van die Tygerberg hospitaalkompleks is ondersoek vir die teenwoordigheid van handskoenpoeier (stysel) en lateks proteïene. Stofmonsters is versamel in 14 areas wat verskillende blootstellingsvlakke verteenwoordig het. Die stofmonsters is spektrofotometries vergelyk met "n kalibrasiekurwe van suiwer hanskoenpoeier. Stysel en proteïene kon in al die stofmonsters aangetoon word en het die teenwoordigheid van handskoenpoeier en moontlike luggedraagde lateks proteïene in die lugreëlingstelsel bevestig. Soos verwag kon word, het die hoogste stysel en proteïen waardes in hoë blootstellingsareas voorgekom. Hoogs beduidende statistiese korrelasies (p<0.01) tussen die stysel en proteïenvlakke kon aangedui word in alle monsters. "n Totaal van 500 vraelyste is gesirkuleer vir voltooiing deur TBH gesondheidswerkers, waarvan 69.8% voltooide vraelyste terugontvang is. Na evaluering van insluitingskriteria, is "n studiegroep van 152 individue saamgestel (28 mans, 124 vrouens). Almal het huidige lateks blootstelling en ten minste drie het vooraf gedefinieerde simptome gerapporteer. Serum is van die hele groep versamel en dermale vog van 31 proefpersone. Totale IgE en lateks-spesifieke IgE vlakke is op alle serum en dermale vog bepaal. Positiewe resultate (>0.35 IU/ℓ) is verkry in 23 serum en ses dermaIe vog monsters. Velpriktoets vir lateks is op 59 proefpersone uitgevoer en 34 daarvan het positiewe resultate opgelewer. Twaalf proefpersone met negatiewe lateks-spesifieke IgE en velpriktoets resultate het kutane plaktoetse ondergaan met die Europese Standaard Reeks, "n stukkie lateks handskoen en handskoenpoeier in petrolatum. Drie proefpersone het positiewe resultate teen een of meer van die allergene gehad. Westerse kladanalise vir lateks is op alle positiewe serum gedoen, asook die dermale vogte van hierdie proefpersone. Westerse kladanalise vir lateks blyk baie meer sensitief te wees as die capRAST, aangesien dit spesifieke bande kon identifiseer in monsters capRAST resultate. Alle monsters het "n band getoon vir Hev b 1, "n poeier-gebinde, luggedraade allergeen. Hev b 6.01 is geassosieer met gesondheidswerkers met velsimptome en hierdie band is gevind in 81% van die monsters. Hierdie resultate bevestig dat die belangrikste blootstelling aan lateks in gesondheidswerkers deur die vel en inaseming plaasvind. Proefpersone is in die volgende drie groepe verdeel volgens laboratorium resultate en statisties vergelyk: Groep A (positiewe serum, n=23), Groep B (positiewe velpriktoetse, n=34) en Groep C (negatief, n=25). Groep D (onttrek, n=70) kon nie vir betekenisvolle statistiese vergelykings aangewend word nie, as gevolg van onvolledige resultate. 'n Finale lateks allergie prevalensie van 38% is gevind. Groep A het hoogs beduidend verskil van Groep B en C vir die meeste van die kliniese en spesiale laboratoriumondersoeke. Groep A en B is gekombineer om alle proefpersone in te sluit met positiewe resultate (Kohort AB). Die Allergie Telling en Klas van Kohort AB was hoogs beduidend in vergelyking met Groep C. Die gekose simptome is bevestig as relevant en enige werksverwante verergering van simptome moet met 'n hoë mate van agterdog bejeën word in lateks allergie. Numeriese indekse en spesifieke simptome het hoë positiewe voorspellingswaardes gelewer en die Allergie Telling was hoogs beduidend in die positiewe subgroep in vergelyking met die negatiewe subgroep. Gepaarde statistiese beduidenheid is ook gevind tussen die Allergie Telling en beroepsblootstelling (jare van blootstelling, uur en paar handskoene per week). Die meeste beroepsblootstelling aan lateks in gesondheidswerkers vind plaas op die hande en gesig. Verskillende beroepe het ook verskillende blootstellingsvlakke en two subgroepe gesondheidswerkers (16 laboratorium tegnoloë en 13 teater personeel) is ondersoek vir die sebumgehalte op veskillende areas van die gesig en hande. Basislynvlakke is gemeet voordat handskoene aangetrek is en in 21 gevalle is opvolgvlakke gemeet na drie tot vier uur beroepsblootstelling, maar voor die hande gewas is. Basislyn en opvolgvlakke is met mekaar vergelyk vir al die anatomiese areas. Die voorkop en wange het 'n toename in sebumgehalte getoon, terwyl dié van die neus afgeneem het. AI die areas op die hande toon 'n hoogs beduidende afname tydens beroepsblootstelling, wat impliseer dat hanskoenpoeier moontlik bydra tot droogheid van die vel. In samevatting, die lateks allergie probleem sal nie oornag opgelos word nie en sal waarskynlik 'n belangrike beroepsrisiko bly vir die aansienlike toekoms. Totale vermyding van lateks is tans onmoontlik en daarom is dit van uiterste belang om voorsorgmaatreëls in plek te stel om verdere sensitisasie in blootgestelde individue te verhoed en die wat reeds geaffekteer is, effektief te hanteer.
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Forsgren, Mikael. "The Non-Invasive Liver Biopsy : Determining Hepatic Function in Diffuse and Focal LiverDisease." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för radiologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136545.

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The liver is one of the largest organs within the human body and it handles many vital tasks such as nutrient processing, toxin removal, and synthesis of important proteins. The number of people suffering from chronic liver disease is on the rise, likely due to the present ‘western’ lifestyle. As disease develops in the liver there are pathophysiological manifestations within the liver parenchyma that are both common and important to monitor. These manifestations include inflammation, fatty infiltration (steatosis), excessive scar tissue formation (fibrosis and cirrhosis), and iron loading. Importantly, as the disease progresses there is concurrent loss of liver function. Furthermore, postoperative liver function insufficiency is an important concern when planning surgical treatment of the liver, because it is associated with both morbidity and mortality. Liver function can also be hampered due to drug-induced injuries, an important aspect to consider in drug-development. Currently, an invasive liver needle biopsy is required to determine the aetiology and to stage or grade the pathophysiological manifestations. There are important limitations with the biopsy, which include, risk of serious complications, mortality, morbidity, inter- and intra-observer variability, sampling error, and sampling variability. Cleary, it would be beneficial to be able investigate the pathophysiological manifestations accurately, non-invasively, and on regional level. Current available laboratory liver function blood panels are typically insufficient and often only indicate damage at a late stage. Thus, it would be beneficial to have access to biomarkers that are both sensitive and responds to early changes in liver function in both clinical settings and for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. The main aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate methods that can be used for a ‘non-invasive liver biopsy’ using magnetic resonance (MR). We also aimed to develop sensitive methods for measure liver function based on gadoxetate-enhanced MR imaging (MRI). The presented work is primarily based on a prospective study on c. 100 patients suffering from chronic liver disease of varying aetiologies recruited due to elevated liver enzyme levels, without clear signs of decompensated cirrhosis. Our results show that the commonly used liver fat cut-off for diagnosing steatosis should be lowered from 5% to 3% when using MR proton-density fat fraction (PDFF). We also show that MR elastography (MRE) is superior in staging fibrosis. Finally we presented a framework for quantifying liver function based on gadoxetate-enhanced MRI. The method is based on clinical images and a clinical approved contrast agent (gadoxetate). The framework consists of; state-of the-art image reconstruction and correction methods, a mathematical model, and a precise model parametrization method. The model was developed and validated on healthy subjects. Thereafter the model was found applicable on the chronic liver disease cohort as well as validated using gadoxetate levels in biopsy samples and blood samples. The liver function parameters correlated with clinical markers for liver function and liver fibrosis (used as a surrogate marker for liver function). In summary, it should be possible to perform a non-invasive liver biopsy using: MRI-PDFF for liver fat and iron loading, MRE for liver fibrosis and possibly also inflammation, and measure liver function using the presented framework for analysing gadoxetate-enhanced MRI. With the exception of an MREtransducer no additional hardware is required on the MR scanner. The liver function method is likely to be useful both in a clinical setting and in pharmaceutical trials.
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Mukinda, James Tshikosa. "Acute and chronic toxicity of the flavonoid-containing plant, Artemisia afra in rodents." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the possible toxicity of the flavonoid-containing plant, Artemisia afra and especially establish the safety of the aqueous extract of this plant after acute and chronic administration to mice and rats respectively.
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Lundström, Jonathan, and Joel Skagersten. "Optimering samt implementering av Harts automatiserade färgningsmetod : Ersättning av Verhoeffs manuella elastinfärgning." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52932.

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Elastinfibrer ger blodkärl och andra vävnader deras flexibilitet. Elastinfärgning är relevant när man misstänker melanom, temporalis artrit, venös invasion och efter blodkärlsoperationer. Syftet var att med hjälp av olika vävnadstyper optimera och implementera den automatiserad elastinfärgningen enligt Hart, för att ersätta den nuvarande manuella elastinfärgning enligt Verhoeff vid patologilaboratoriet på länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping. Colon, njure, hud samt navelsträng färgades med den automatiska metoden enligt Hart för att hitta optimala inställningar. Vävnader från samma områden färgades med den manuella metoden enligt Verhoeff samt den automatiska metoden enligt Hart för att jämföra dem. Snitten bedömdes av en läkare så allt färgades som det skulle. Optimeringen av Harts metod resulterade i en inkubationstid på tolv minuter samt en optimal färgningsbehandling utan xylen. Resultaten av jämförelsen mellan den automatiska metoden enligt Hart och den manuella metoden enligt Verhoeff visar att den automatiska metoden enligt Hart ger bättre kontrast samt bakgrundsinfärgning. Slutsatsen blev att den automatiska metoden enligt Harts var bättre än den manuella metoden enligt Verhoeff, att i framtida studier studera möjligheten att byta ut läskningen mot till exempel ytterligare ett etanoldop samt att byta ut snitten av navelsträngen mot snitt av lever.
Elastic fibres ensure blood vessels and other tissues flexibility. Elastic staining of tissue is relevant when there is suspicion of melanoma, temporalis arteritis, venous invasion and after operations on blood vessels. The aim of the study was with the help of different tissue samples optimize and implement Hart´s elastic staining method as a substitute for Verhoeff’s at pathology lab at county hospital Ryhov, Jönköping. Colon, kidney, skin, and umbilical cord cross section got stained with Hart´s automated elastic staining method to evaluate the optimal staining procedure. Same region of the tissues was stained with Verhoeff´s manual elastic staining method and Hart´s method. All cross section were assessed and compared with the help of a pathologist doctor. Optimization of Hart´s method resulted in an incubation period of twelve minutes and optimal staining procedure without xylene. Result of comparison between Hart´s staining method and Verhoeff´s staining method showed that Hart´s staining method had a better contrast and background. Conclusions of the study was that Hart´s staining method was better than Verhoeff´s staining method, further studies could include research about a substitution of the blotting step with an extra ethanol bath as an example and liver tissue instead of the umbilical cord.
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Prince, Yvonne. "Improving laboratory techniques to detect M. tuberculosis complex and C. neoformans as the causative agents of chronic meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid of adult patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4110.

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Thesis (MScMedSc (Pathology. Medical Microbiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Cryptococcus neoformans are the most common causes of chronic meningitis in South Africa. Conventional microbiology has limited utility in diagnosing these pathogens due to the paucibacillary nature of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the diagnostic delay associated with culturing methods. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of the etiological agent of chronic meningitis. METHODS CSF samples (where volume exceeded 5ml) were submitted to the Medical Microbiology diagnostic laboratory of the Tygerberg Hospital from patients with suspected tuberculosis meningitis (TBM). Following routine bacteriology, the sample was used to inoculate two mycobacterial growth indicator tubes (MGIT A and B) and subsequently incubated in the BACTEC 960 automated system. MGIT A followed standard operating procedures and the time to culture positivity was noted. Weekly aliquots (up to 6 weeks) were removed from MGIT B. These samples were boiled to inactivate the bacteria and then the DNA was extracted using the Promega Wizard SV Genomic DNA kit. The DNA was then speciated by PCR and high-resolution melting analysis (HRM) by using primers specific to either the RD9 region of MTB complex or primers specific to the partial internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rRNA gene and partial ITS2 sequence of C. neoformans. RESULTS Routine CSF microscopy indicated that 14 of the 78 patients (17.9%) had typical CSF findings of TBM (lymphocytes predominant, increased protein levels and decreased glucose levels). IV Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stains were positive for 12 (15.4%) samples, and MTB was cultured from 19 samples (24.4%). Our optimized PCR and HRM method was able to detect M. tuberculosis in 17 of the 19 culture positive specimens with a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 62.7%. The sensitivity of this method was higher than that of direct microscopy. In all of the PCR positive samples, the time to detection, compared to culture, could be shortened by 1 to 2 weeks. Only one sample was positive for Cryptococcus culture and another sample was positive with a Cryptococcus latex test. PCR for Cryptococcus was positive in 2 cases (n=78), sensitivities and specificities could not be reported due to the low number of positive cases. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that a short culture period and the use of commercial DNA extraction kit on CSF samples increases the sensitivity of molecular tests to diagnose tuberculosis. Furthermore, the molecular techniques could significantly reduce the time to positivity of results, when compared to culture. Due to the low occurrence of Cryptococcus in the samples included in our study, we could not comment on the diagnostic utility of PCR in the diagnosis of Cryptococcal meningitis, when compared to the conventional methods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) en Cryptococcus neoformans is die mees algemeenste oorsake van kroniese meningitis in Suid-Afrika. Routine mikroskopie dra beperkte waarde in die diagnose van hierdie patogene as gevolg van die klein hoeveelhede organismes wat in die SSV (serobrospinale vog) voorkom en die lang tyd wat dit benodig om hierdie organisms te kweek. Hierdie studie beoog om die diagnostiese waarde van ‘n polymerase ketting reaksie (PKR) metode wat intern ontwerp is te evalueer vir die identifikasie van patogene verantwoordelik vir kroniese meningitis. METODES SSV monsters (waarvan die volume 5ml oorskry) en waar daar ‘n kliniese vermoede van tuberkulose meningitis (TBM) was, is na die diagnostiese Mediese Mikrobiologie laboratorium van Tygerberg hospitaal gestuur vir roetine bakteriologiese ontleding. Die oorblywende monsters is gebruik om twee mikobakteriële groei-indikasiebuise (MGIT A en B) te innokuleer en hulle is geïnkubeer in ‘n BACTEC 960 geautomatiseerde sisteem. MGIT A is volgens roetine diagnostiese metodes geanaliseer en die tyd tot ‘n positiewe resultaat is aangeteken Weeklikse monsters (tot en met week 6) is uit MGIT B verwyder en die monsters is gekook om sodoende die bakterië te inaktiveer. Die Promega Wizard SV Genomiese DNS ekstraksiemetode is gebruik om die DNS te versuiwer. Spesiëring van die DNS is deur middel van ‘n intern ontwerpte PKR en hoëresolusiesmeltingsmetode (HRS) gedoen met inleiers wat spesifiek is tot die RD9 gedeelte van die MTB kompleks en inleiers spesifiek tot die gedeeltelike interne getranskribeerde spasieerder 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rRNS geen en die gedeeltelike ITS2 DNS volgorde van C. neoformans. VI RESULTATE Roetine SSV mikroskopie het aangedui dat 14 uit 78 (17.9%) pasiënte tipiese SSV bevindings van TBM (oorwegend limfosiete, verhoogde proteïene en verlaagde glukose) gehad het. Ziehl- Neelsen (ZN) kleurings was positief vir 12 (15.4%) monsters, en MTB is gekweek in 19 (24.4%) van hierdie monsters. Ons geoptimaliseerde PKR en HRS metode het daarin geslaag om M. tuberculosis in 17 van die 19 kultuurpositiewe monsters aan te toon met ‘n sensitiviteit van 89.5% en ‘n spesifisitiet van 62.7%. Die sensitiwiteit van die direkte PKR was hoër in vergelyking met mikroskopie. In al die PKR positiewe monsters was die tyd tot aantoning, in vergelyking met kultuur, verkort met 1 tot 2 weke. Slegs een monster het C. neoformans gekweek en ‘n ander monster was positief met die kriptokokkale latekstoets. PKR vir C. neoformans was positief in 2 gevalle (n=78). Die sensitiwiteit en spesifisiteit van die C. neoformans PKR kon nie bepaal word nie weens te min gevalle. GEVOLGTREKKINGS Ons het aangetoon dat ‘n verkorte inkubasieperiode en die gebruik van ‘n kommersiële DNS ekstraksiemetode op SSV monsters die sensitiwiteit van die molekulêre tegniek vir die diagnose van tuberkulose verhoog en dat hierdie metode die tyd na positiwiteit aansienlik verkort in vergelyking met kultuur. Weens die lae getalle van kriptokokkale meningitis in ons studie kon ons nie kommentaar lewer op die akkuraatheid van PKR in die diagnose van kriptokokkale meningitis, in vergelyking met meer konvensionele metodes, nie.
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Van, Vuuren Petra J. "The effects of physical and psychological stress on the behaviour and neurochemistry of rats." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1274.

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Books on the topic "Medical / Laboratory Medicine"

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Cheesbrough, Monica. Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries. 2nd ed. [Dottington, Cambridgeshire, England]: Tropical Health Technology, 1991.

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Cheesbrough, Monica. Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries. 2nd ed. [Dottington, Cambridgeshire, England]: Tropical Health Technology, 1987.

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Biomedical sciences: Essential laboratory medicine. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2011.

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Dirckx, John H. Laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures in medicine. Modesto, CA: Health Professions Institute, 2004.

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Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Charlottetown, P.E.I.). Q. E. H. Department of Laboratory medicine Provincial clinical Laboratory. Charlottetown: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 1990.

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Cheesbrough, Monica. Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries. 2nd ed. London: Butterworth - Vol.11, 1985.

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W, Harvey John, ed. Veterinary laboratory medicine: Interpretation & diagnosis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1998.

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W, Harvey John, ed. Veterinary laboratory medicine: Interpretation & diagnosis. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders, 2004.

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Rainer, Haeckel, ed. Evaluation methods in laboratory medicine. Weinheim: VCH, 1993.

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Estridge, Barbara H. Basic medical laboratory techniques. 4th ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medical / Laboratory Medicine"

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Wood, W. G. "In Vitro Diagnosis in the Nuclear Medical Laboratory." In Nuklearmedizin / Nuclear Medicine, 363–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82225-4_2.

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Worboys, Michael. "Vaccine Therapy and Laboratory Medicine in Edwardian Britain." In Medical Innovations in Historical Perspective, 84–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22078-6_5.

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Boran, G., P. Eldridge, J. Nolan, P. Brosnan, and R. O’Moore. "A Decision Support Tool for Laboratory Medicine Based on Automatic Knowledge Acquisition." In Medical Informatics Europe ’90, 329–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51659-7_63.

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Marchevsky, Alberto M., and Ruta Gupta. "Development of Evidence-Based Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic/Predictive Models: Experience at Cedars Sinai Medical Center." In Evidence Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 213–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1030-1_13.

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Pradella, M., R. Dorizzi, D. Giavarina, A. Camerotto, and F. Rigolin. "Electrolyte and Haemostasis Test Interpretation by Expert Systems on Microcomputer in Medical Laboratory." In Expert Systems and Decision Support in Medicine, 240–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48706-4_37.

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Guarnieri, Patrizia. "Theatre and Laboratory: Medical Attitudes to Animal Magnetism in Late-Nineteenth-Century Italy." In Studies in the History of Alternative Medicine, 118–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19606-7_7.

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Edy, V., and M. Gamlen. "Chapter 29. Good Manufacturing Practice for Investigational Medicinal Products." In Good Clinical, Laboratory and Manufacturing Practices, 407–18. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847557728-00407.

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Aroor, AR. "Chapter-41 Biochemical Investigations in Laboratory Medicine." In Medical Biochemistry, 888–94. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11450_41.

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Lemos, Carlos. "Innovation in Laboratory Medicine." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 117–37. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7265-7.ch007.

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Laboratory medicine has a unique capability to evaluate the correct management of a medical test, its results, and the decisions it can determine. Therefore, laboratory medicine should try to improve patient outcomes, while improving quality and productivity, so that innovation in healthcare may proceed. Innovation in laboratory medicine demands an adequate identification of the unmet clinical need, evidence of clinical and cost-effectiveness of laboratory tests, and a managed implementation that takes into account the process change, appropriate resource management, and monitoring of outcomes. The main objectives of this chapter are to elucidate the role of innovation in laboratory medicine, identifying its main issues and the barriers it faces; to define a value proposition for laboratory tests and to point out several outcome measures that can be adopted in laboratory medicine.
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Provan, Drew. "Nuclear medicine." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, edited by Drew Provan, 865–956. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766537.003.0014.

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Nuclear medicine is a rapidly evolving branch of medical imaging, which uses radionuclides or radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Nuclear medicine techniques employ a carrier molecule, selected to target the organ/tissue of interest, tagged with a gamma-emitting radioisotope. Nuclear medicine procedures can detect early physiological responses to disease processes, generally before structural changes have taken place. Characterization of abnormalities often relies upon pattern recognition within a particular clinical setting. In this chapter, various procedures and tracers (single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET)) used in nuclear medicine are described in a systematic way, including their common indications, interpretation criteria, advantages, and pitfalls with classical examples.
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Conference papers on the topic "Medical / Laboratory Medicine"

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Pattichis, C. S., M. Fredj, C. N. Schizas, G. Gabriel, K. Panayides, A. Drousiotou, R. R. Livesay, and L. T. Middleton. "An integrated system for medical diagnosis: Laboratory findings." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761345.

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Pattichis, Fredj, Schizas, Gabriel, Panayides, Drousiotou, Lnesa, and Middleton. "An Integrated System For Medical Diagnosis: Laboratory Findings." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.594687.

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Zhao, Yundong, Limei Liu, Mingcheng Li, Ailin Wang, and Liyuan Sun. "Construction of a System of Experiment Assessment of Medical Laboratory Technologies." In 2016 8th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itme.2016.0110.

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Patil, Meru A., Sandip Bhaumik, Soubhik Paul, Swarupananda Bissoyi, Raj Roy, and Seungwoo Ryu. "Estimating personalized risk ranking using laboratory test and medical knowledge (UMLS)." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609740.

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Macri, S., L. Mainetti, L. Patrono, S. Pieretti, A. Secco, and I. Sergi. "A tracking system for laboratory mice to support medical researchers in behavioral analysis." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319501.

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Ciorap, Radu, Catalina Luca, and Doru Andritoi. "REALISTIC PATIENT SIMULATORS FOR EDUCATION IN MEDICINE AND BIOENGINEERING." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-200.

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Medical technologies play an important role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The diversity of medical devices increases the quality of medical act but, in the same time, increase the risk of adverse events or errors if the medical staff don’t have sufficient experience in using new medical equipment and new treatment procedures. Appropriate education and training of medical staff, including training in the appropriate use of medical equipment, is therefore essential for developing a high quality health care system. For solving this important problem is necessary to provide a replica of the patient care environment and the use of real patient simulators is a key issue. In these simulation centers the medical staff can learn and apply cognitive, psychomotor, and affective skills and instructors can facilitate learning and objectively measure student performance and competency. According to the available budget is two way for creating the clinical environment replica. First is to design a flexible implementation to accommodate multiple environment configurations in a single space and the second is to replicate the environments in which the learners will provide patient care like emergency department, intensive care unit, operating room, patient care unit or clinical examination room. In both situations is necessary to identify equipment typically found in the clinical environments we wish to replicate. Usually the medical equipment are: patient bed, patient monitors, ventilators, anesthesia delivery systems, suction devices, air and oxygen supplies, IV poles, infusion pumps, supply carts, defibrillators. All equipment must match with capabilities of patient simulators. In this paper we present our experience in training more than 500 medical staff in neonatal resuscitation and almost 1000 physicians and nurses in emergency medicine using real patient simulators in clinical simulation laboratory who are working in Medical Bioengineering Faculty from ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi.
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Zavrel, Erik A., and Ana C. Krieger. "An Inter-Device Accuracy Comparison of Consumer Sleep Trackers." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3205.

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The ability to investigate sleep is of scientific and clinical interest. Polysomnography (PSG) has long been considered the gold standard assessment for sleep physiology; however, its cost and inconvenience have spurred the development of consumer devices capable of evaluating sleep outside the laboratory. The development of dedicated consumer sleep monitoring devices, e.g., the Zeo Personal Sleep Manager, smart bands, e.g., the Microsoft Band 2 (MB2), and activity trackers, e.g., the Fitbit Charge 2 (FC2), with the ability to automatically distinguish between sleep and wakefulness has important implications for sleep research and medicine.1–3
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Franco-Clark, D., A. B. Pimentel-Aguilar, and R. Rodríguez-Vera. "Design of a Medical And Laboratory Equipment Management Program for the new standards certification achievement in Mexico." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626427.

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Lupu, Vasile Valeriu, Ingrith Miron, Anamaria Ciubara, Valeriu Lupu, Anca Lavinia Cianga, Iuliana Magdalena Starcea, Stefan Lucian Burlea, Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara, and Ancuta Lupu. "SARS-COV 2 PANDEMIC AND THE PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.2.

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During the coronavirus pandemic, it was clearly seen how vulnerable society is with its entire health and sanitary security system, how vulnerable medicine is to a biological attack (whether it was natural or manufactured in a laboratory) and how chaotically society reacts as a whole, when faced with an unknown danger. It was quickly seen that medical science and technology have its limits and risks, that they do not always serve the cause of the suffering man, that biotechnology and genetic manipulation pose a major danger to humanity and that, for the simple reason that it is the product of human reason, always doubtful and hesitant. It has gone so far as to the principles of medical ethics were breached, whether we are talking about non-maleficence or beneficence, decision-making autonomy or nondiscriminatory attitude toward access to resources, with serious damage to the individual - medical system relationship.
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Andreeva, A. D., P. A. Shagalova, and E. S. Sokolova. "Development of an Interface for Intelligent Medical Research in Microscopy." In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-1165-1174.

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Biomedical research is of great importance in modern medicine. The development of an interface for the intellectualization of medical research in microscopy is a relevant and practically significant task, since the creation of an effective and user-friendly UX/UI system design makes it possible to work out the existing business logic and analyze the existing data security problems. In developing the interface, it was investigated how to improve the quality, simplicity and usability of the laboratory information system (LIS) by medical researchers in order to simplify the work of medical staff and increase the speed of their work in daily tasks. The influence of the target group analysis on the design of quality systems is studied and the LIS user portrait is created; the process of UI interface design for the developed system of medical images analysis is presented, the justification of the adopted stylistic solutions is made. The created interface was tested on a target group represented by the employees of one of the branches of Nika Spring multidisciplinary clinics. The novelty of the solution lies in the development of a UX/UI design for the LIS, which has no counterpart on the market.
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Reports on the topic "Medical / Laboratory Medicine"

1

López Núñez, Álvaro José. Anatomía ósea para estudiantes. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.34.

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El hueso es un tejido conectivo duro, muy especializado que compone el esqueleto humano, aunque en el recién nacido son blandos y flexibles por su componente principal, los cartílagos. Según el tipo de tejido, se clasifican como compacto y esponjoso; y de acuerdo con su forma se denominan: largos, cortos, planos, irregulares y sesamoideos. Funcionalmente, el esqueleto se divide en axial, ubicado en la línea media del cuerpo humano y Apendicular, localizado por fuera del eje central del cuerpo. Sus funciones destacan el movimiento del cuerpo humano, protección de órganos internos, mantenimiento de la postura, almacén metabólico, sostenimiento del cuerpo humano y productor de células sanguíneas. Con esta guía se pretende que el estudiante del curso sistema músculo esquelético y tegumentario de la Facultad de Medicina identifique y realice la armazón del esqueleto en el laboratorio de morfología y refuerce el estudio anatómico del sistema óseo.
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Dodel, Matías, and Leticia Brandino. Competencias digitales: cómo se definen, entienden y miden. Grupo de Trabajo en Ciudadanía Digital (Uruguay), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22235/cd/md.lb/2021.

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En el presente Working Paper presenta un estado del arte acerca de la definición, clasificación y operacionalización sobre las competencias digitales, así como un muy inicial análisis de su vínculo con otras competencias y con modelos de desigualdades socio digitales. Se presenta un desarrollo de las características básicas de las competencias digitales, así como de diferentes nombres y tipologías que se utilizan en cinco marcos conceptuales surgidos tanto desde ámbitos académicos como de hacedores de políticas públicas y la cooperación internacional: Media Information Literacy de la UNESCO, el marco de "Educación para la ciudadanía digital" (DCE) de la Unión Europea, el marco de competencias digitales para los ciudadanos (DigComp) de la Unión Europea, el marco de la Alfabetización computacional y de la Información (CIL) del Estudio Internacional de Alfabetización Informática y de la Información (ICILS) y el marco de competencias digitales de Van Dijk, luego ampliado por Van Deursen, Helsper y Eynon. Luego, el Working Paper gira hacia la pregunta sobre los avances y desafíos para la medición de las competencias digitales. Se discuten tres grandes enfoques para medir las habilidades digitales: i) soluciones tipo proxy, ii) observación directa o evaluación en entornos tipo laboratorio, y iii) una diversidad de estrategias de autoevaluación o autorreporte generalmente adaptados para encuestas a gran escala. Se plantean sus fortalezas y limitaciones para la medición del fenómeno. Finalmente, en base a lo discutido y a lo realizado por el grupo de investigación se plantean líneas de trabajo a futuro.
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