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Journal articles on the topic 'MEDICAL / Lasers in Medicine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Wertlen, L. "Lasers in Medicine." Acupuncture in Medicine 10, no. 1 (May 1992): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.10.1.23.

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Lasers now have a wide variety of medical applications, ranging from the dissolution of coronary artery thrombus to the repair of a detatched retina. The main types of laser in medicine are surgical, photocoagulator, photoradiation therapy, and cold lasers which are used by acupuncturists. Cold lasers act directly on cells to improve healing and reduce inflammation. They are also used as an effective substitute for needling or electrical stimulation.

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2

Khalkhal, Ensieh, Majid Rezaei-Tavirani, Mohammad Reza Zali, and Zahra Akbari. "The Evaluation of Laser Application in Surgery: A Review Article." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2019): S104—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2019.s18.

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There are several types of surgeries which use lasers in the operating room. Surgeons use lasers in general surgery or surgical specialties to cut, coagulate, and remove tissue. In modern medicine, the application of laser therapy is an attractive subject due to its minimal invasive effect. Today lasers are widely used in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases such as various cancers, lithotripsy, ophthalmology, as well as dermatology and beauty procedures. Depending on the type of lasers, the wavelength and the delivery system, most lasers have replaced conventional surgical instruments for better wound healing results. Over time, by using many different tools and devices, new lasers have been created; as a result, they are used in a wide range of medical special cases. In this review, laser applications in surgery and its beneficial effects compared to previous surgeries with the aim of providing appropriate therapeutic and non-invasive solutions with minimal side effects after surgery are investigated.

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3

Durante, E. J. "The carbon dioxide laser scalpel." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 62, no. 4 (December 31, 1991): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v62i4.2083.

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The CO₂-laser is currently used as a scalpel by a large number of medical surgeons, but in the field of veterinary surgery, relatively little has been published on the subject. A review of the origin of medical lasers, the basic physics of laser energy production and the characteristics of laser light was therefore considered necessary. This review includes a discussion on how the optical radiation generated by the different lasers is absorbed, the cutting power of the CO₂-laser, and the effect on healing, tensile strength and haemostasis when used in the skin, linea alba and gastrointestinal tract.

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4

Bennett, Gordon L. "Laser Use in Foot Surgery." Foot & Ankle 10, no. 2 (October 1989): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078901000211.

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Laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser surgery is rapidly gaining the interest of both the medical practitioner and the general public. Since the first reported use of laser surgery in podiatry in 1980, 23 a large number of laser surgery centers for treatment of foot and ankle disorders have appeared throughout the country. A relative paucity of literature exists about applications of lasers in foot and ankle surgery, and orthopaedic surgery as a whole. This is further compounded by the fact that very few of the existing studies are scientifically significant, either due to inadequate numbers, questionable study design, or a combination of these factors. At the present time, it appears that the only worthwhile application of lasers in foot and ankle surgery is for the treatment of plantar warts that are resistant to more conventional methods of treatment. As more well-controlled studies on the applications of lasers become available, the future of lasers in foot and ankle surgery will become more apparent. The purpose of this study is to present a summary of the use of lasers in orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery. The current clinical applications will be presented, followed by an overview of basic laser physics, laser characteristics and effects on tissue, and laser safety. Because of the growing interest in laser surgery by the medical profession, and the increasing public awareness of this relatively new and exciting technology, it is important that orthopaedic surgeons have a good understanding of laser surgery.

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5

Colles, M. J. "Medical Lasers – Science and Clinical Practice." Physics Bulletin 37, no. 5 (May 1986): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/37/5/028.

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6

Moseley, H., M. Davison, and D. Allan. "Beam divergence of medical lasers." Physics in Medicine and Biology 30, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/30/8/010.

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7

Wamsley, Christine E., John Hoopman, and Jeffrey M. Kenkel. "Laser and Light-Based Device Education in a Plastic Surgery Residency Program: A Continuing Medical Education Overview." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 41, no. 7 (January 28, 2021): NP973—NP985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab042.

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Abstract The increasing prevalence of laser use, particularly in plastic surgery, demands education of both practitioners and trainees to ensure efficacy and patient safety. The purpose of this continuing medical education module is to provide the learner with a detailed outline for laser training education for plastic surgery trainees. In this overview, a discussion of the characteristics of light, an introduction to fundamental laser principles, a comparison of lasers and pulsed light systems, and examples of several therapeutic applications for light-based devices in the clinical setting will be presented. Additionally, the 5 parameters necessary for operation of light-based devices, as well as the importance of laser safety education, will be reviewed. We hope this continuing medical education will provide both practicing plastic surgeons and trainees with the proper education on the lasers and pulsed light devices they will use in their clinical practices.

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8

Yixiong Xu. "Medical Lasers and Their Safe Use." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 16, no. 1 (January 1997): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.1997.566162.

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9

Ferraioli, Armando. "Medical Lasers—Science and Clinical Practice." Journal of Clinical Engineering 13, no. 4 (July 1988): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-198807000-00004.

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10

Sculpher, Mark, Jonathan Michaels, Mike Mckenna, and Julia Minor. "A Cost-Utility Analysis of Laser-Assisted Angioplasty for Peripheral Arterial Occlusions." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 12, no. 1 (1996): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300009430.

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AbstractDespite the perception of many people that lasers represent the cutting edge of high-technology medicine, this form of medical technology has been subject to relatively little rigorous evaluation. This dearth of research relates particularly to economic evaluation, where there have been few attempts to justify the high cost of laser equipment. This paper details an economic evaluation of the use of laser technology as a secondary adjunct to angioplasty to treat peripheral arterial occlusions. Using data from a range of sources, including a published randomized trial, a cost-utility model is developed to estimate the costs and benefits of the laser, relative to standard angioplasty. The best available data indicate a cost-effective role for the laser, but important areas of uncertainty exist, including the laser's secondary recanalization rate, which has been estimated on the basis of limited numbers of patients. This uncertainty suggests that further research is required before widespread diffusion of the laser for use in this clinical context.

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11

Aleinikov, V. S., V. P. Belyaev, N. D. Devyatkov, and V. I. Masychev. "Current possibilities and prospects of using gas lasers in medicine, laser therapy." Biomedical Engineering 21, no. 3 (May 1987): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00560549.

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12

Grachev, V. A., M. Yu Kernosov, A. A. Kondrakhin, L. I. Solov’eva, V. S. Trusov, and E. G. Chulyaeva. "Medical apparatuses based on gas lasers." Biomedical Engineering 41, no. 6 (November 2007): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-007-0069-3.

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13

Tang, Jingling, Zhenxu Bai, Duo Zhang, Yaoyao Qi, Jie Ding, Yulei Wang, and Zhiwei Lu. "Advances in All-Solid-State Passively Q-Switched Lasers Based on Cr4+:YAG Saturable Absorber." Photonics 8, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040093.

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All-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers have advantages that include simple structure, high peak power, and short sub-nanosecond pulse width. Potentially, these lasers can be applied in multiple settings, such as in miniature light sources, laser medical treatment, remote sensing, and precision processing. Cr4+:YAG crystal is an ideal Q-switch material for all-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers owing to its high thermal conductivity, low saturation light intensity, and high damage threshold. This study summarizes the research progress on all-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers that use Cr4+:YAG crystal as a saturable absorber and discusses further prospects for the development and application of such lasers.

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14

IDSO, IVAN, and PAUL ZAHASKY. "Maintenance Cost vs Utilization of Medical Lasers." Dermatologic Surgery 23, no. 8 (August 1997): 716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1997.tb00402.x.

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15

Manivannan, Ayyakkannu. "Basic physics and technology of medical lasers." Physica Medica 32 (September 2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.339.

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16

Mathalone, M. B. R. "Book Review: Medical Lasers – Science & Clinical Practice." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, no. 12 (December 1987): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688708001235.

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17

De Felice, E. "Shedding light: laser physics and mechanism of action." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 25, no. 1 (January 29, 2010): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2009.009036.

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Lasers have affected health care in many ways. Clinical applications have been found in a number of medical and surgical specialities. In particular, applications of laser technology in phlebology has made it essential for vein physicians to obtain a fundamental knowledge of laser physics, laser operation and also to be well versed in laser safety procedures. This article reviews recommended text books and current literature to detail the basics of laser physics and its application to venous disease. Laser safety and laser side effects are also discussed.

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18

Mangione, A., Lorenzo Torrisi, A. Picciotto, Anna Maria Visco, and Nino Campo. "Nanostructured Carbon Films Produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Bio-Medical Applications." Advances in Science and Technology 49 (October 2006): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.49.79.

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Damond-like (DLC) films can be produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique. Different pulsed lasers can be employed to generate hot carbon plasma, to deposit and/or to implant energetic carbon atoms and molecules on substrates. A Nd:Yag laser radiation with ns pulse duration, about 1010 W/cm2intensity and 30 Hz repetition rate, can be employed to produce in vacuum thin carbon films with properties similar to graphite and diamond. The films were deposited on SiO2 substrates, placed at different distances and angles from the target. The PLDgenerated plasma can be controlled “in situ” by mass quadrupole spectroscopy and time-of-flight tehniques. “Ex situ” investigations were performed on the deposited films by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Deposited films show evidence of carbon nanostructures, which find a growing variety of applications in medicine and bio-enegineering fields. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) shows low friction, high atomic density, hard but flexible structure, chemical inertia, wear, diffusion and corrosion resistance and highly bio and hemocompatible properties.

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19

Aleinikov, V. S., V. P. Belyaev, N. D. Devyatkov, and V. I. Masychev. "Present possibilities and future prospects of the use of gas lasers in medicine. Laser surgery." Biomedical Engineering 20, no. 4 (July 1986): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00563532.

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20

Khalkhal, Ensieh, Mohammadreza Razzaghi, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Majid Rezaei-Tavirani, Hazhir Heidari Beigvand, and Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani. "Evaluation of Laser Effects on the Human Body After Laser Therapy." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2020.15.

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Lasers have wide applications in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases and various medical fields. Laser therapy like the other methods has advantages and disadvantages. Some risks such as bleeding, pain, and infection are created after laser therapy. Explanation and evaluation of laser effects on cell function, tissue, and the body are the aims of this study. We reviewed papers available from 1986 to 2019 about the effects of lasers on cells and tissue. An online search of PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar using such keywords as "laser", "cell", "tissue", "body" and "side effects" was performed. The laser photons are absorbed by chromophores, resulting in the target heating and localized damage. Laser irradiation alters cellular metabolism and cellular functions. These alterations may be accompanied by undesired side effects which can be monitored via metabolites level change in the body. Based on this finding, laser therapy may be associated with several side effects and complications; therefore, before treatment, the determination of laser types and their properties is necessary to avoid creating side effects. The advantages and disadvantages of the treatment type should be considered in order to choose the best treatment with the least side effects. The patients’ awareness of possible side effects before treatment and also an effective follow-up and management of patients after action are two important points in laser therapy. Training curriculum definition should be determined for laser applicant qualifications in different medical fields.

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21

Ren, Xiao-Lei, and Hai-Bo Xia. "Development of Medical Lasers for Treatment on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." Chinese Medical Journal 131, no. 18 (September 2018): 2265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.240804.

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22

Ziporyn, T. "Comparison studies needed before new lasers join the medical mainstream." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 257, no. 16 (April 24, 1987): 2132b—2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.257.16.2132b.

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23

Champion, June. "Laser Safety Management." British Journal of Perioperative Nursing (United Kingdom) 10, no. 8 (August 2000): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890001000805.

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LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Since the first working laser was demonstrated in 1960 the laser has evolved from being viewed as a weapon, courtesy of the film industry, to its current position as a commonplace medical device within the healthcare industry. As perioperative staff we have become very familiar with the therapeutic use of this device. It is my experience however that, just occasionally, we are guilty of the old adage ‘familiarity breeds contempt’. We must remember that the very same features which make lasers so useful in healthcare may also represent major health hazards to patients, staff and others.

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24

Mierczyk, Z. "Lasers in the dual use technologies." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0080-z.

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Abstract In the more developed countries the use of modern technologies in the national economy is a general process allowing joint funding of a security research and development by both sources, state and private. The last one is especially involved in applications of modern technologies. One of the examples of important modern technologies being under development in many countries are dual-use technologies, which include IT technologies, sensors, effective energy sources, material science, nanotechnology, micro- and nano-electronics, photonics, biotechnology and quantum medicine. In this paper chosen technologies fulfilling the needs of the military technique and security monitoring systems, which have found their applications in the different branches of industry like power engineering, transportation, construction industry, metrology, protection of environment and the medicine, are discussed. The examples include the devices and lasers systems for different threats monitoring, which have been developed at the Military University of Technology. The research studies carried out on the analysis of various materials based on their spectroscopic characteristics: absorption, emission, dispersion, polarization and fluorescence in different mediums have led to the development of laser telemetry devices, environment monitoring devices and spatial imagery, as well as devices for medical diagnostics and therapy. Mentioned systems are composed of functional modules, which were developed to meet the real needs. These systems can be expanded further by addition of extra detectors of chemical materials and physical properties, and improving measuring functions and data transmission and processing.

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25

Rem, Alex. "[I229] Refresher course: Quality and safety management of medical lasers." Physica Medica 52 (August 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.06.301.

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26

Asratyan, A. A., M. A. Kazaryan, N. A. Lyabin, I. V. Ponomarev, V. I. Sachkov, and H. Li. "D.Sc. in Chemistry, Head of the Labora tory, Siberian Physical-Technical Insti tute of Tomsk State University." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 31-36 (January 6, 2019): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.31-36.097-120.

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The article considers and analyzes an important stage in the development of laser systems for metal vapor from the point of view of biomedical applications. Since the advent of the first generation of domestic medical facilities with pulsed lasers on metal vapors, in particular, copper vapors (LSM), which were created in the FSUE “Research and Production Enterprise ‘Istok’”, not much time has passed. Now similar studies are widely developed and include a variety of uses, for instance, in oncology for treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT), angioplasty of intravascular destruction of atherosclerotic lesions, dermatology and cosmetology for the treatment of facial skin defects, as well as otorhinolaryngology, gynecology, proctology, urology, and others. In that cases, doctors use the Yantar-2Fand Yakhroma-2 installations, developed on the basis of the “Kurs” LPM with radiation wavelengths λ = 510.6 nm and 578 nm and the average radiation power Prad= 5–10 W and tunable in wavelengths in the range of λ = 620–670 nm. Laser radiation is delivered to the affected area of a bio-object using a flexible light-guide cable with a diameter of 400, 600 or 800 μm fiber, which is one of the most convenient medical instruments. A compact and air-cooled medical installation of the new generation “Yakhroma-Med” based on the pulsed LPM “Kulon” with an average radiation power at the output of the light-guide cable Prad= 1–3 W uses in dermatology and cosmetology (together with the Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences). Today, YakhromaMed is the leader in non-ablative technologies and is optimal for removing vascular, pigmented and unstained skin defects, treating acne and smoothing wrinkles. It is used in more than 100 clinics in Russia and abroad. Moreover, for scientific and practical medicine in the field of oncology, low-intensity laser therapy and surgery, dermatology and cosmetology, etc., a compact air-cooled industrial multifunctional high-intensity medical unit “Kulon-Med” (similar to Yakhroma-Med) based on two pulsed lasers was developed: LM “Kulon” with an average radiation power Prad= 10 W and LVRK with radiation tunable in wavelengths in the range λ = 620–750 nm and radiation power Prad= 1–3 W (together with Ltd. NPP VELIT, Kurchatov Institute and the Hertzen Hermitage Research and Development Institute). The laser radiation is transported using four flexible light-guide cables with a conductive quartz fiber diameter of 400 and 600 μm, which makes it possible to perform a therapeutic and prophylactic procedure simultaneously in several rooms. Medical facilities of this class have been put in many medical institutions. This report on the use of CVL in medicine says only about the developments in theMoscow region.

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Jun, J. H., J. L. Harris, J. D. Humphrey, and S. Rastegar. "Effect of Thermal Damage and Biaxial Loading on the Optical Properties of a Collagenous Tissue." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1591202.

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Thermal denaturation can induce marked changes in the optical and mechanical properties of collagenous tissues. The optical properties are important in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications of lasers in medicine. Although mechanical stress can be caused by collagen shrinkage in laser-based therapies, how the mechanical loading state affects the optical properties is not well understood. We used a new computer-controlled biaxial testing system to subject bovine epicardium to various loading conditions both before and after multiple levels of thermal damage. An integrating sphere technique was used to measure transmittance and diffuse reflectance, from which absorption and scattering coefficients were calculated using a Monte Carlo method. Results showed that the scattering coefficient increased with increasing mechanical load but decreased as the degree of thermal damage increased. There was no significant change in the absorption coefficient due to thermal damage over the ranges studied.

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Li, Yingxin. "The 9th Bi-Annual Congress of Chinese Society of Lasers in Medicine and Surgery (CSLMS)." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 5, no. 4 (December 2008): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2008.11.002.

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29

Pei, Wenxi, Hao Li, Wei Huang, Meng Wang, and Zefeng Wang. "All-Fiber Tunable Pulsed 1.7 μm Fiber Lasers Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering of Hydrogen Molecules in Hollow-Core Fibers." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154561.

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Fiber lasers that operate at 1.7 μm have important applications in many fields, such as biological imaging, medical treatment, etc. Fiber gas Raman lasers (FGRLs) based on gas stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) provide an elegant way to realize efficient 1.7 μm fiber laser output. Here, we report the first all-fiber structure tunable pulsed 1.7 μm FGRLs by fusion splicing a hydrogen-filled HC-PCF with solid-core fibers. Pumping with a homemade tunable pulsed 1.5 μm fiber amplifier, efficient 1693~1705 nm Stokes waves are obtained by hydrogen molecules via SRS. The maximum average output Stokes power is 1.63 W with an inside optical–optical conversion efficiency of 58%. This work improves the compactness and stability of 1.7 μm FGRLs, which is of great significance to their applications.

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HAZAMA, HISANAO, KATSUNORI ISHII, and KUNIO AWAZU. "LESS-INVASIVE LASER THERAPY AND DIAGNOSIS USING A TABLETOP MID-INFRARED TUNABLE LASER." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 03, no. 04 (October 2010): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179354581000109x.

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Since numerous characteristic absorption lines caused by molecular vibration exist in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength region, selective excitation or selective dissociation of molecules is possible by tuning the laser wavelength to the characteristic absorption lines of target molecules. By applying this feature to the medical fields, less-invasive treatment and non-destructive diagnosis with absorption spectroscopy are possible using tunable MIR lasers. A high-energy nanosecond pulsed MIR tunable laser was obtained with difference-frequency generation (DFG) between a Nd:YAG and a tunable Cr:forsterite lasers. The MIR-DFG laser was tunable in a wavelength range of 5.5–10 μm and generated laser pulses with energy of up to 1.4 mJ, a pulse width of 5 ns, and a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. Selective removal of atherosclerotic lesion was successfully demonstrated with the MIR-DFG laser tuned at a wavelength of 5.75 μm, which corresponds to the characteristic absorption of the ester bond in cholesterol esters in the atherosclerotic lesions. We have developed a non-destructive diagnostic probe with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) prism and two hollow optical fibers. An absorption spectrum of cholesterol was measured with the ATR probe by scanning the wavelength of the MIR-DFG laser, and the spectrum was in good agreement with that measured with a commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

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Geoghegan, Sean. "Lasers in medical diagnosis and therapy by Stephan Wieneke and Christoph Gerhard." Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine 42, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 899–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13246-019-00777-y.

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Kubota, Junichiro. "Bridging Laser Medicine and Sports Medical Science: History of the Laser Medicine & Sports Science." Nippon Laser Igakkaishi 41, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm.jslsm-41_0017.

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SVENSON, ROBERT H., LASZLO LITTMANN, ROBERT SPLINTER, GEORGE P. TATSIS, and CHI HUI CHUANG. "Current Status of Lasers for Arrhythmia Ablation." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 3, no. 4 (August 1992): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1992.tb00979.x.

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34

Martin, Dan. "Tissue Effects of Lasers." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 9, no. 02 (May 1991): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019402.

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35

Thakur, Neha, and Hari Murthy. "An overview on 3D Printed Medicine." Material Science Research India 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/180102.

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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling, (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed. In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.

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Sunarsih, Irene Marcellina, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Teguh Aryandono, and Soenarto Sastrowijoto. "EXPLORING POSSIBLE CAUSES FOR DELAYS SEEKING MEDICAL TREATMENT AMONG INDONESIAN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2018): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25211.

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Objective: This study aimed to explore the underlying causes for the delays seeking medical treatment experienced by Indonesian women with breast cancer and what kinds of non-medical treatment were pursued instead.Methods: This study used qualitative methods with in-depth interviews among 20 participants to reveal the causes of delaying medical treatment by patients with breast cancer. Subjects were chosen from women diagnosed with breast cancer who had delayed their medical treatment for various reasons and were currently undergoing medical treatment at a hospital.Results: The underlying causes for the delay of medical treatment were varied, including psychological reasons (fear of surgery, being worried about adverse effects of the medicine, making troubles to the other people, afraid of losing breast, or losing husband); lack of knowledge about cancer (unfamiliar with the symptoms of cancer, possible cancer cure by nutritious food, more trust in alternative medicine, myth, participant’s husband did not approve her surgery, only rely on prayer, forgot if she was sick); factors deriving from health service system (limited facilities, a false diagnosis, queue rooms/radiotherapy/for hospitalization, the radiotherapy equipment was out of service, patient unable to walk, high out-of-pocket cost, and doctors were not communicative). During time delay, some patients have also sought non-medical treatment with herbal medicines, non-herbal medicines, and non-conventional treatment (laser, reiki, acupuncture, and vest treatments).Conclusion: Many factors affect the delay of medical care among patients with breast cancer. Often, these delays influence the patients to seek alternative treatments.

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Thappa, Devinder Mohan. "Changing face of dermatology – A paradigm shift." Cosmoderma 1 (April 20, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/csdm_2_2021.

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Over the last three and half-decade of my life, I have seen the changes in dermatology and marked paradigm shift towards procedural dermatology and cosmetic dermatology. Dermatosurgery clinics started in 1996, and lasers were procured in 2009, setting the tone for laser and cosmetic dermatology at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. Cosmetic dermatology (aesthetic medicine/medical aesthetics) has now been recognized as a sub-specialty of dermatology. Dermatologists have supremacy over other aesthetic practitioners as they also treat visible as well as stigmatizing skin disorders. In the last two decades in India, more and more women are taking up dermatology to pursue aesthetic practice. Women in dermatology have started their association, the Women’s Dermatologic Society, and their journal, International Journal of Women’s Dermatology (IJWD). Skin lightening products are overwhelmingly used by women and are one of the world’s largest markets. Nowadays, aesthetic surgical procedures are done with a motive to earn profits. Cosmetology has gained tremendous interest in the world, especially in the United States of America. Much of its recognition is due to scientific research in the development of imaging techniques, drug therapy, and other nonsurgical methods lessening downtime for the patients. The focus in dermatology is shifting gradually from diseased skin to desired skin which people prefer. Hence, the journal CosmoDerma, gives cosmetology its due place. Moreover, there is an increase in the anti-ageing population in this world who don’t want their face wrinkles and aging skin changes. In the absence of world wars in recent times and the increasing longevity of man, the cosmetic industry/aesthetic industry is surging ahead despite the COVID 19 pandemic. Accreditation system to regulate the practice of cosmetology practice needed to be put in place in all countries. Many of these cosmetology practitioners are inadequately equipped to perform cosmetology procedures. There is a need for structured training and accreditation for cosmetic dermatology, aesthetic surgery, dermatosurgery, use of lasers, and hair transplantation.

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Romashkov, A. P., and S. V. Tikhomirov. "Status and prospects of metrological support for laser medicine and laser medical technology." Measurement Techniques 41, no. 9 (September 1998): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02503930.

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Litscher, Gerhard. "Integrative Laser Medicine and High-Tech Acupuncture at the Medical University of Graz, Austria, Europe." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/103109.

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At the moment, modernization of acupuncture has a high priority. On the traditional side, acupuncture has only recently been awarded the status of Intangible Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO. On the innovative side, high-tech acupuncture is a registered trademark in Austria. Acupuncture has been used for medical treatment for thousands of years. A large number of empirical data are available but the technical quantification of effects was not possible up to now. Using electroacupuncture, needle, or laser stimulation and modern biomedical techniques, it was possible for the first time to quantify changes in biological activities caused by acupuncture. This paper which serves as introduction for the special issue “High-Tech Acupuncture and Integrative Laser Medicine” of the present journal, focuses on the latest innovative aspects that underline the further enhancement and development of acupuncture. Special emphasis is given to new methodological and technical investigations, for example, results obtained from all kinds of acupuncture innovations (e.g., teleacupuncture) and integrative laser medicine.

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Leonov, B. I., N. E. Benyaev, E. V. Makeev, and V. G. Lappo. "Laser mass spectrometric analysis of biomedical samples using the first and second harmonics of yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers." Biomedical Engineering 33, no. 1 (January 1999): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02388380.

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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador, Cristina Kurachi, Juliana Ferreira, Ajith Kumar Sankarankutty, Sérgio Zucoloto, and Orlando de Castro e Silva. "New photonic technologies for the treatment and diagnosis of hepatic diseases: an overview of the experimental work performed in collaboration, between Physics Institute of São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 21, suppl 1 (2006): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502006000700002.

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Recent advances in optical techniques have created a great range of possibilities for diagnosis and therapeutics in liver related diseases. With the uses of efficient light sources like lasers and LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) it is possible to employ the light-tissue interaction to promote hepatic tissue regeneration after partial hepatectomy, to detect hepatocarcinoma and steatosis by utilizing optical fluorescence, to evaluate the metabolism of the liver during hepatic transplantation as well as to treat liver tumors. We present here an overview of the technique presently in development at the Ribeirâo Preto Faculty of Medicine - USP in cooperation with the Physics Institute of São Carlos -USP. The results obtained so far have been the subject of a list of publications and are here presented as an overview. A new perspective for modern application of optical techniques in different medical practices related to the liver is presented.

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Tian, Kan, Linzhen He, Xuemei Yang, and Houkun Liang. "Mid-Infrared Few-Cycle Pulse Generation and Amplification." Photonics 8, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080290.

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In the past decade, mid-infrared (MIR) few-cycle lasers have attracted remarkable research efforts for their applications in strong-field physics, MIR spectroscopy, and bio-medical research. Here we present a review of MIR few-cycle pulse generation and amplification in the wavelength range spanning from 2 to ~20 μm. In the first section, a brief introduction on the importance of MIR ultrafast lasers and the corresponding methods of MIR few-cycle pulse generation is provided. In the second section, different nonlinear crystals including emerging non-oxide crystals, such as CdSiP2, ZnGeP2, GaSe, LiGaS2, and BaGa4Se7, as well as new periodically poled crystals such as OP-GaAs and OP-GaP are reviewed. Subsequently, in the third section, the various techniques for MIR few-cycle pulse generation and amplification including optical parametric amplification, optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification, and intra-pulse difference-frequency generation with all sorts of designs, pumped by miscellaneous lasers, and with various MIR output specifications in terms of pulse energy, average power, and pulse width are reviewed. In addition, high-energy MIR single-cycle pulses are ideal tools for isolated attosecond pulse generation, electron dynamic investigation, and tunneling ionization harness. Thus, in the fourth section, examples of state-of-the-art work in the field of MIR single-cycle pulse generation are reviewed and discussed. In the last section, prospects for MIR few-cycle lasers in strong-field physics, high-fidelity molecule detection, and cold tissue ablation applications are provided.

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Lamsal, Min Raj. "Medical Science and Physics." Himalayan Physics 5 (July 5, 2015): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hj.v5i0.12880.

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The study of physics seems to be theoretical or abstract. The connections between physics and real life can seem remote. But in reality physics is not a purely abstract subject. Like other branches of science, physics has a pure theoretical side and an applied side. The principles of physics are applied in a vast range of contexts from the building of bridges to the design of integrated circuits. Much of the technological revolution has its foundations in the applied physics. One of the major applications of physics which covers vast area of scientific knowledge is medicine. The knowledge of physics is essential for ultrasound, hologram, X-rays, laser therapy, radiotherapy, endoscopy, MRI, CT scanning, ECG, EEG, PET and so on in the field of medical science. The theoretical principles have to be learned and understood first if the applications are to be understood The Himalayan Physics Vol. 5, No. 5, Nov. 2014 Page: 91-97

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Chandra, Pablo, Bageshri Gogate, Parikshit Gogate, Nilesh Thite, Abhay Mutha, and Amit Walimbe. "Economic Burden of Diabetes in Urban Indians." Open Ophthalmology Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874364101408010091.

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Purpose : To find out the average economic burden of medical care on a patient with diabetes in Pune, India Methods : A semi-open ended questionnaire followed by interview was conducted with patients attending diabetes and ophthalmic out-patient departments. They were asked regarding the duration of diabetes, methods undertaken for blood sugar control and the amount they spend on consultations, laboratory tests, medicines and procedures if any within past year. Expenditure was classified as direct cost (cost of medicines, doctor’s fees, investigations, lasers and surgery) and indirect cost (travel, diet control, health classes and loss of wages). Data was collected regarding the socioeconomic status according to Kuppaswamy classification. Results : 219 patients participated of whom 129 were males (58.9%). Average annual direct cost of diabetes treatment was Rs 8,822 of which 52.1% was spend on medicines, 3.2% was spend on lasers, 12.6% was spend on surgical procedures, 11.6% spent on investigations and 10.4% was spend on clinician fees. Average annual indirect cost was Rs. 3949 of which 3.4% was spend on travelling purpose, 0.4% was spent on health classes, 4.9% was spent on diet control and 91.3% was loss of wages. Average expenditure done by lower middle class was 23.7% of their income. Average percentage of income for direct and indirect cost was 3.6% and 1.4% respectively. The cost of the treatment formed1.3% of the annual income for those in Socio-economic class I, 1.7% in class II, 3.7% in class III and 23.7% in class IV. Conclusion : The cost of managing diabetes was a significant proportion of the patients’ income, especially for those on lower socio-economic scale (class IV).

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Morimoto, Yuji, William Durante, David G. Lancaster, Jens Klattenhoff, and Frank K. Tittel. "Real-time measurements of endogenous CO production from vascular cells using an ultrasensitive laser sensor." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): H483—H488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.1.h483.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) has been implicated as a biological messenger molecule analogous to nitric oxide. A compact gas sensor based on a midinfrared laser absorption spectroscopy was developed for direct and real-time measurement of trace levels (in approximate pmol) of CO release by vascular cells. The midinfrared light is generated by difference frequency mixing of two nearinfrared lasers in a nonlinear optical crystal. A strong infrared absorption line of CO (4.61 μm) is chosen for convenient CO detection without interference from other gas species. The generation of CO from cultured vascular smooth muscle cells was detected every 20 s without any chemical modification to the CO. The sensitivity of the sensor reached 6.9 pmol CO. CO synthesis was measured from untreated control cells (0.25 nmol per 107cells/h), sodium nitroprusside-treated cells (0.29 nmol per 107cells/h), and hemin-treated cells (0.49 nmol per 107cells/h). The sensor also detected decreases in CO production after the addition of the heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor tin protoporphyrin-IX (from 0.49 to 0.02 nmol per 107cells/h) and increases after the administration of the HO substrate hemin (from 0.27 to 0.64 nmol per 107cells/h). These results demonstrate that midinfrared laser absorption spectroscopy is a useful technique for the noninvasive and real-time detection of trace levels of CO from biological tissues.

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Tadir, Y., J. Neev, and M. W. Berns. "Lasers in Micromanipulation of Preimplantation Embryos and Gametes." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 12, no. 03 (August 1994): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016397.

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Arendt-Nielsen, L., and A. C. N. Chen. "Lasers and other thermal stimulators for activation of skin nociceptors in humans." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 33, no. 6 (December 2003): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2003.10.005.

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Dmitriev, A. K., A. N. Konovalov, V. N. Kortunov, and V. A. Ul’yanov. "Methods of Feedback Arrangement for Smart Surgical Systems Based on Fiber Lasers." Biomedical Engineering 53, no. 1 (May 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-019-09880-6.

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Korobov, A. M. "128 LASER TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINIAN MEDICINE. INFORMATION SUPPORT." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 5 (August 2008): S42—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1572-1000(08)70130-3.

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Komleva, A. A., N. E. Benyaev, and I. M. Aref'ev. "Laser mass-spectrometric medical microanalysis." Biomedical Engineering 19, no. 1 (1985): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00555702.

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