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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical Missionary Society in China'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Kwong, Luke S. K. "Dr Alexander Maclean Mackay: Profile of a China Medical Missionary." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 2 (1997): 415–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014360.

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Compared to missionaries like Timothy Richard (1845–1919) and Hudson Taylor (1832–1905), Dr Alexander Maclean Mackay is a name almost unknown in the annals of Christian evangelism in China. The personnel roster of the London Missionary Society, to which he initially belonged, did boast of such luminaries as Robert Morrison (1782–1834), a pioneering Protestant preacher in early nineteenth-century China and James Legge (1815–1897), a missionary turned Sinologist and Oxford don. But Mackay, as one of the Mission's numerous field workers, is not likely to be found in such distinguished company. In

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2

Cheung, Yuet-Wah, and Peter Kong-ming New. "Toward a Typology of Missionary Medicine: A Comparison of Three Canadian Medical Missions in China before 1937." Culture 3, no. 2 (2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1078134ar.

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Until the Communist domination in 1949, medical missionaries had been the chief source of modern health care in China. While there is now a small but growing body of literature on medical missionaries and their work in China, studies in this area have treated missionary medicine as a homogeneous type of health care. This is a simplistic view of missionary medicine, as medical work organized by Christian missions has exhibited a variety of forms in Chinese society. The purpose of this paper is to offer a typology of missionary medicine, which will provide a useful framework for further research

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Lu, Di. "‘Homoeopathy flourishes in the far East’: A forgotten history of homeopathy in late nineteenth-century China." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 73, no. 3 (2018): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0041.

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Homeopathy and its transnational transmission have received significant attention from historians of medicine. But the emergence of homeopathy in modern Chinese society has remained little explored. This article identifies the homeopathic practitioners arriving in nineteenth-century China, and then explores their origins, efforts and sense of professional identity in a transnational context. The history of homeopathy in China is found to begin in the late nineteenth century, during which the growth of the Christian missionary enterprise promoted the arrival of sporadic Euro-American homeopathi

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Piepke, Joachim G. "The Yeti Does Exist after All." Anthropos 115, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2020-1-1.

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The search for the Yeti has a long history. Several expeditions tried to encounter the elusive creature and to reveal the mystery; they all failed. The one who did succeed was Fr. Franz Xaver Eichinger, missionary of the Society of the Divine Word (SVD) and trained physician, who worked in Qinghai (Northwestern China) from 1940 to 1953. On one of his medical expeditions to Tibetan nomads, Eichinger met “Yeti” by accident, and specifically an individual who possessed a deep spiritual knowledge and a natural gift of healing. Eichinger called him the “Naked Lama,” a hairy creature of the wilderne

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Park, Hyung Shin. "The Manchuria Missionary Dugald Christie and Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society." 韓國敎會史學會誌 70 (May 31, 2025): 186–214. https://doi.org/10.22254/kchs.2025.70.06.

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6

Li, Peirong, Simei Bian, and Qi Zhang. "Religiosity and Scientificity: The Transformation of Missionary Anthropology in the West China Border Research Society (1922–1950)." Religions 15, no. 12 (2024): 1468. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121468.

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Religiosity and scientificity have long been intertwined in missionary anthropology. Since the 20th century, there has been a shift from religious missionary anthropology to scientific anthropology worldwide. Reviewing published materials and archives, this paper provides a case study of this transformation. It focuses on how the foreign missionary-founded West China Border Research Society transformed from a relatively closed and fixed local Christian academic research institution into a more open, international, and purely scientific research institution disciplined by Christian rationality.

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Chen, Shih-Wen Sue. "Give, give; be always giving’: Children, Charity and China, 1890-1939." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 24, no. 2 (2016): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2016vol24no2art1104.

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In lieu of an abstract, the first paragraph is included here: Before he reveals the answer to the riddle, nine-year-old Matty Bryan asks his father for a penny and his mother and grandmother for a halfpenny each. He then takes out his new missionary-box, explaining that the money is for ‘black people, to buy them Bibles, and to send them preachers to tell them about God, and how they’re to get to heaven; and Mr. Graham [his teacher] said that it was the same as giving them the Bread of life’ ( Elliott 1872, p. 17). This scene from Emily Elliott’s novella Matty’s Hungry Missionary-Box and

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Chen, Peiyao. "The Transformation of Jesuits Strategy for Buddhism Based on the Jesuits Works in Early Modern China." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 4, no. 4 (2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v4i4.695.

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The Jesuits began their missionary work in Asia in the 16th century. After the missions in India and Japan, they tried to enter China and spread Catholicism at the end of the 16th century (Note 1). Due to the special political and cultural environment of China at that time, the missionary experience of Jesuits in India and Japan did not fully apply to Chinese society, which caused their missionary process to be rocky (Note 2). In order to adapt to the different environment of the Ming dynasty, Jesuits had to actively adjust their missionary strategies. After a period of observation and explora

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9

Lilly Jeba Karunya, J., and Delphin Prema Dhanaseeli. "Medical Services Rendered by London Missionary Society in Tamil Nadu." Asian Review of Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2014): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2014.3.2.2748.

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In Travancore, the missionaries of London Missionary Society (LMS) made a significant contribution through their medical services. A native agency for Medical Missions was as important and necessary as for any other department of missionary operations. The medical services rendered by the missionaries of LMS were a boon for the poor and the downtrodden in Travancore. Their Health Ministry slowly broke down the middle wall of partition between the high and the low, the pure and the polluted.

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10

Renshaw, Michelle. "Saving Missionary Skins Saves Patients’ Lives." Social Sciences and Missions 27, no. 1 (2014): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-02701003.

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When the first American medical missionary to China established the first western-style hospital in Guangzhou in 1834 the political and legal environment was hostile to foreigners and to missionaries in particular but, in some respects, it was conducive to safe medical practice. Given that the early nineteenth-century hospital in the West was a very dangerous place it was important to limit risk in the hospital if the evangelical mission was to survive. An analysis of Peter Parker’s (1804–1888) reports and case studies reveals not only his superior skill and patient outcomes but also the medic

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Cheng, W. K. "Constructing Cathay." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 12, no. 2 (2002): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.12.2.05che.

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As relation between China and the West changed precipitately in the middle of the nineteenth century, there was a heightened demand in the West for knowledge about the Flowery Kingdom. But until well into the twentieth century, virtually the only direct source of information about China and the Chinese came from missionaries, in which respect they were often lauded as cultural brokers. As missionary communication of their experience provided Western readers with a vicarious experience of China, their cultural brokerage inexorably shaped Western popular perceptions of China and the Chinese

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Mir, NA, and V. Connell Mir. "Inspirational people and care for the deprived: medical missionaries in Kashmir." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 38, no. 1 (2008): 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478271520083801022.

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Lieutenant Robert Thorpe, a soldier in the British Army in India, visited Kashmir and witnessed the suffering and sorrows of the people there in the nineteenth century; his appeal to British soldiers raised enough funds for the Church Missionary Society to send medical missionaries to the Kashmir Valley. Thus began a process that would see the opening of a 150-bed British Mission Hospital in Srinagar and the start of a new wave of educational and healthcare reforms in the region. As the medical missionary work progressed so did the avenues of research, which led to pioneering work on skin canc

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LAI, JOHN T. P. "Doctrinal Dispute within Interdenominational Missions: The Shanghai Tract Committee in the 1840s." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 20, no. 3 (2010): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186310000052.

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AbstractBoth interdenominational co-operation and denominational competition featured in the Protestant missionary literary enterprise in nineteenth-century China. The interdenominational Religious Tract Society in London became the most vital link between the missionary translators, printing presses and target audiences in the production, publication and distribution of Christian tracts. Ideally, interdenominational missions would pool resources and promote cooperation among missionaries with different denominational affiliations. Doctrinal disputes, however, seem to have been inevitable amon

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Gewurtz, Margo S. "Transnationalism in Missionary Medicine." Social Sciences and Missions 30, no. 1-2 (2017): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03001001.

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Kala-azar is a parasitic disease that was endemic in India, parts of Africa and China. During the first half of the twentieth century, developing means of treatment and identification of the host and transmission vectors for this deadly disease would be the subject of transnational research and controversy. In the formative period for this research, two Canadian Medical missionaries, Drs. Jean Dow and Ernest Struthers, pioneered work on Kala-azar in the North Henan Mission. The great international prestige of the London School of Tropical Medicine and the Indian Medical Service would stand aga

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15

Ward, Martin. "Moses or Meddler? CMS Missionary J.R. Wolfe in Post-Tianjin Treaty Fujian." Mission Studies 36, no. 3 (2019): 458–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341679.

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Abstract By 1920 Fujian became one of the most missiologically prominent regions in China. This article examines the development of the veteran missionary of the Church Missionary Society, J.R. Wolfe’s missiological ideology in relation to the implementation of the Treaty of Tianjin in Fujian from 1862–1878. Amidst considerable frustration at perceived scant manpower and finances commensurate to his evangelistic zeal, he discovered the expedience of consular intervention in cases of persecution and came to seek it as a matter of course. His subsequent experiential epiphany of the British Gover

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Bo, Gao. "Reconstructing the Chinese Female Image of the Other: A 16th-Century Spanish and Portuguese Missionary Ethnographic Perspective." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 9, no. 1 (2025): p61. https://doi.org/10.22158/sll.v9n1p61.

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This paper provides a thorough examination of the depiction of Chinese women in the book The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China, a work by the distinguished Spanish scholar and missionary Juan González de Mendoza. Despite never having visited China, Mendoza managed to compile a thorough depiction of the nation and its people by leveraging the accounts of those who had. This article meticulously examines Mendoza’s representations of Chinese women, an aspect overlooked by previous scholars, aiming to define the specific image he constructed and explore the underlying incentives. Me

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Yao, Dadui. "Shakespeare in Chinese as Christian Literature: Isaac Mason and Ha Zhidao’s Translation of Tales from Shakespeare." Religions 10, no. 8 (2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10080452.

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The introduction of Shakespeare to China was through the Chinese translation of Mary and Charles Lamb’s adaptation of Shakespeare’s plays, Tales from Shakespeare. The Western missionaries’ Chinese translations of the Lambs’ adaptation have rarely been studied. Isaac Mason and his assistant Ha Zhidao’s 1918 translation of the Lambs’ book, entitled Haiguo Quyu (Interesting Tales from Overseas Countries), is one of the earliest Chinese versions translated by Christian missionaries. Although Mason was a Christian missionary and his translation was published by The Christian Literature Society for

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Priyanka, I. P., and S. Ravichandran. "Educational Transformation: Acceptance of Western Education Analysed through the Lens of Adaptation Theory." International Bulletin of Mission Research 49, no. 3 (2025): 227–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969393251316393.

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This research paper aims to explore the transformative efforts of the London Missionary Society in South Travancore, a princely state of South India, examining why Travancore became the catalyst for Western education and the motivations behind this phenomenon. How does adaptation theory play a crucial role in understanding the transformative efforts of the London Missionary Society in South Travancore? The caste system significantly influences the London missionaries’ approach towards lower-caste individuals. Their activities, including education, medical assistance, and relief works, have eff

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Baxter, P. A. "“A Beloved Physician” John Abercrombie MD (EDIN) FRCSE, FRCPE, MD (OXON) 1780–1844." Scottish Medical Journal 37, no. 4 (1992): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309203700409.

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This son of an Aberdeen minister, graduating MD in Edinburgh in 1803, established a leading practice in that city, attracting apprentices to study medicine and patients of all classes of society from throughout Scotland. Sir Walter Scott in his later years was one who relied on his medical expertise. Dr Abercrombie, a Fellow of both the Royal College of Surgeons and Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, was in the forefront of Edinburgh medicine. An extensive author, primarily on medical subjects and laterally turning to metaphysical, moral and religious works, he gained a reputation among i

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Zweig, David. "Seeking Modernity in China's Name: Chinese Students in the United States, 1900–1927. By Weili Ye. [Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. 330 pp. $49.50. ISBN 0-8047-3696-0.]." China Quarterly 173 (March 2003): 214–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443903370123.

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They went to America to learn the skills to make China modern and along the way they transformed themselves. Some of the earliest pioneers, women trained in missionary schools before going to America in the late 19th century, returned to China as medical doctors and created a new profession in China.

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Shemo, Connie. "“‘Her Chinese Attended to Almost Everything’: Relationships of Power in the Hackett Medical College for Women, Guangzhou, China, 1901–1915”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 24, no. 4 (2017): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02404002.

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This essay uses a 1915 crisis at the American Presbyterian Hackett Medical College for Women in Guangzhou, China as a lens to explore the level of control Chinese women, who were known as “assistants,” exercised at the school. Official literature of the Hackett portrays the American woman missionary physician Dr. Mary Fulton as controlling the college, but in fact its Chinese women graduates largely ran the institution for some years before 1915. Challenging images of American women missionary physicians either as heroines or imperialists, this article describes instead how Chinese women shape

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Miazek-Męczyńska, Monika. "Polish Jesuits and Their Dreams about Missions in China, According to the Litterae indipetae." Journal of Jesuit Studies 5, no. 3 (2018): 404–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00503004.

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From the very beginning, Polish Jesuits were aware of the fact that the general of the Society of Jesus required them to focus on completely different missionary areas than the Far East. Nevertheless, in the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu one can find more than two hundred so-called indipetae (shortened version of Litterae ad Indiam petentes)—letters sent by Polish Jesuits to their general asking for foreign missions, especially in China. They were written by 114 Jesuit fathers and brothers but ultimately only four (Andrzej Rudomina, Michał Boym, Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki, Jan Bąkowski) ever pr

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Li, Yafeng, and Jingmin Fu. "The Translation of Physics Texts by Western Missionaries During the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties and Its Enlightenment of Modern Chinese Physics." Religions 16, no. 1 (2024): 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16010025.

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Christian culture is viewed as a translated cultural practice that has become intricately intertwined with the local culture over the course of historical development in China. Currently, many research findings focus on the translation of missionary religious texts during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. However, the translation of non-religious texts by Western missionaries from the same period also plays a pivotal role in the development of Chinese society and culture. In order to verify the above point of view, this paper focuses on the translation of physics texts by Western mission

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Hu, Wenting. "Rethinking Ricci’s Missionary Strategy: The Disputes between Buglio and Schall." Religions 14, no. 9 (2023): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14091122.

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During the late Ming Dynasty period, the Jesuits carried out a cultural accommodation strategy in China, commonly known as Ricci’s Strategy, due to the significant role played by Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) during this process. This strategy encompassed three elements: evangelizing through science and technology, establishing connections with the upper class, and compiling books to spread evangelism, all of which helped Catholicism to be promoted in China and be accepted by the Chinese people collectively. But the strategy also drew a lot of opposition within and outside of the Society of Jesus,

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Sevriugin, Sergei A. "On the History of the Spread of Protestantism on the Korean Peninsula at the End of the 19th – the Beginning of the 20th Centuries." Study of Religion, no. 4 (2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.4.30-36.

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This paper presents a multilateral analysis of the penetration process of Protestantism on the Korean Peninsula. For the first time in Russian historiography, the methods of missionary activity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were studied. Using these techniques, Western missionaries instilled their teachings not only in China and Japan, but also with even greater success in Korea. Protestant and especially Presbyterian missionary centers, created during the period of the political and economic turmoil, became a shelter for the lower strata of Korean society. Thanks to them, numerous

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Kataoka, Shin, and Yin Ping Lee. "Linguistic Contributions of Protestant Missionaries in South China: An Overview of Cantonese Religious and Pedagogical Publications (1828–1939)." Religions 15, no. 6 (2024): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15060751.

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Robert Morrison 馬禮遜, the first Protestant missionary to China, came to Guangdong as an employee of the East India Company and with the support of the London Missionary Society in 1807. Amongst his path-breaking translation work, he published the first Chinese Bible (Shen Tian Shengshu 神天聖書) in 1823. As many foreigners in Guangdong could not speak Cantonese, Morrison compiled a three-volume Cantonese learning aid, A Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect (1828), using specifically Cantonese Chinese characters and his Cantonese romanization system. In consequence, missionaries translated Christian lit

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Stezhenskaya, Lidiya. "Protestant Missionary Accounts of Chinese Secret Societies in the Beginning of the 19th Century." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2023): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024726-5.

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The paper examines the earliest information by Europeans concerning activities of the secret societies–traditional public organizations that have played a significant role in history of China and continues to be a phenomenon of public life in China and abroad. By analogy with the “colonial school” of the studies of secret societies in China, it is proposed to single out the earliest period of the Protestant historiography of secret societies, tentatively designating it as a “missionary school” of William Milne and Robert Morrison. Amendments are done to the available bio-bibliographic data on

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Jennings, Michael. "'Healing of Bodies, Salvation of Souls': Missionary Medicine in Colonial Tanganyika, 1870s-1939." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 1 (2008): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x262700.

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AbstractThis paper re-examines missionary medicine in Tanganyika, considering its relationship with the colonial state, the impulses that led it to evolve in the way that it did, and the nature of the medical services it offered. The paper suggests that, contrary to traditional depictions, missionary medicine was not entirely curative in focus, small in scale, nor inappropriate to the health needs of the communities in which it was based. Rather, missionary medicine should be considered as a vital aspect of early colonial health services, serving those excluded by the colonial state. Missionar

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Truong, Anh. "The Conflicts Among Religious Orders of Christianity in China During the 17th and 18th Centuries." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (November 2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.5.5.

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Introduction. The article studies the conflicts between the Spanish Mendicant Orders (Dominican Order, Franciscan Order, etc.) as well as the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris with Portuguese Society of Jesus, which took place during the 17th and 18th centuries in China. Methods and materials. To study this issue, the author used the original historical materials recorded by Western missionaries working in China during the 17th and 18th centuries and research works by Chinese and international scholars related to the Chinese Rites Controversy as well as the process of introduction and devel

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WEI-TSING INOUYE, MELISSA. "Cultural Technologies: The long and unexpected life of the Christian mission encounter, North China, 1900–30." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 6 (2019): 2007–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x18000525.

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AbstractThis article uses the case of the London Missionary Society (LMS) in China to argue that disruptive cultural technologies—namely organizational forms and tools—were just as significant within Christian mission encounters as religious doctrines or material technologies. LMS missionaries did not convert as many Chinese to Christianity as they hoped, but their auxiliary efforts were more successful. The LMS mission project facilitated the transfer of certain cultural technologies such as church councils to administer local congregations or phonetic scripts to facilitate literacy. Once in

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Shi, Ruotong, and Hanyi Zhang. "The Prolonged Path of Indigenization: A Study on German Protestant Missionary Ernst Faber’s Chinese Literary Works." Religions 15, no. 5 (2024): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15050563.

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Ernst Faber’s 34 years of literary missionary works reveal his commitment to refining his approach to indigenizing Christianity in China. Employing three linguistic and cultural adaptation strategies—translation and commentary of the Bible, examination and analysis of missionary practical outcomes in Western society, and the revision and reinterpretation of Chinese classics incorporating Christian insights—Faber adapted his methods gradually into China’s specific conditions, indicating a prolonged path of indigenization. Despite expressing appreciation for Chinese culture, a critical examinati

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Bruner, Jason. "Inquiring into Empire: Princeton Seminary’s Society of Inquiry on Missions, the British Empire, and the Opium Trade, Ca. 1830‐1850." Mission Studies 27, no. 2 (2010): 194–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338310x536438.

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AbstractPrinceton Seminary was intimately involved in the North American foreign missions movement in the nineteenth century. One remarkable dimension of this involvement came through the student-led Society of Inquiry on Missions, which sought to gather information about the global state of the Christian mission enterprise. This paper examines the Society’s correspondence with Protestant missionaries in China regarding their attitudes to the British Empire in the years 1830‐1850. It argues that the theological notion of providence informed Princetonians’ perceptions of the world, which conseq

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Dunch, Ryan. "Christianizing Confucian Didacticism: Protestant Publications for Women, 1832-1911." NAN NÜ 11, no. 1 (2009): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138768009x12454916571805.

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AbstractThe printed Protestant missionary engagement with Chinese views of the role and proper conduct of women in society was more complex and ambiguous than scholars have often assumed. Publications targeted at women readers occupied an important place among Protestant missionary periodicals, books, and other printed materials in Chinese during the late Qing. Most publications for women and girls were elementary doctrinal works, catechisms, and devotional texts designed to introduce early readers to Christian belief, and light reading (fictional tracts and biographies) for women's spiritual

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DeBernardi, Jean. "Pietism, the Brethren Movement, and the Globalization of Evangelical Christian Practice." Journal of Early Modern History 26, no. 1-2 (2022): 124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10004.

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Abstract This paper explores the influence of Pietism on the radical evangelical Christian movement known as the Open Brethren movement. In the 1830s, Anthony Norris Groves (1795–1853) met with German Lutheran missionary Karl Rhenius in India and praised his methods, which included support for indigenous Christian leaders and the independent churches that they led. Karl Gützlaff promoted similar methods in China and influenced wealthy London Brethren to found the China Evangelization Society (CES) in 1850. The CES founders also took the Moravians as a model, noting that a single congregation h

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Ion, Hamish. "James Curtis Hepburn and the Translation of the New Testament into Japanese." Social Sciences and Missions 27, no. 1 (2014): 56–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-02701004.

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This study focuses on the role of James Curtis Hepburn (1815–1911), the pioneer Presbyterian missionary doctor in Japan and a lexicographer who gave his name to the standard form of transliteration of Japanese into English, in the translation of the New Testament into Japanese. Hepburn’s earlier experiences as a medical missionary in China had a significant impact on his attitude toward language study and translation work after his arrival in Kanagawa in 1859. This study shows the importance of the Chinese language Christian tracts, and Bible translations made by China missionaries in serving

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Bond, Jennifer. "‘The One for the Many’: Zeng Baosun, Louise Barnes and the Yifang School for Girls at Changsha, 1893–1927." Studies in Church History 55 (June 2019): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2018.9.

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This article explores the role of Chinese Christian women in the internationalization of Chinese education in the early twentieth Century. In particular, it examines the changing relationship between Church Missionary Society (CMS) missionary Louise Barnes, and Zeng Baosun, the great granddaughter of Zeng Guofan. Zeng Baosun was born in 1893 in Changsha, educated at the CMS's Mary Vaughan School in Hangzhou, and became the first Chinese woman to graduate from the University of London, before returning to China to establish a Christian school for girls in Changsha (Yifang) in 1918. Although an

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Ngadiran, Siti Nor Aisyah, and Tatiana A. Denisova. "Metode Dakyah Kristian di Pulau Pinang Pada Abad ke-19: Kajian Terhadap Karya-Karya Terpilih Thomas Beighton (1790-1844)." Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam 22, no. 2 (2020): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol22no2.2.

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The British settlement in Penang in the 1790s had led to the introduction of Christianity from various sects, mainly Protestant which consisted of multiple missionary societies. Amongst the most active was the London Missionary Society (LMS). However, the research conducted on LMS especially among the local researchers is minimal due to the lack of sources which are only available in certain libraries in London. Therefore, this study aims to introduce 10 works of Thomas Beighton (1790–1844) which were written in Malay Jawi. These sources highlighted the importance of this language as an elemen

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SHARKEY, HEATHER J. "CHRISTIANS AMONG MUSLIMS: THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN THE NORTHERN SUDAN." Journal of African History 43, no. 1 (2002): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008022.

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Church Missionary Society missionaries arrived in the northern Sudan in 1899 with the goal of converting Muslims. Restricted by the Anglo-Egyptian government and by local opposition to their evangelism, they gained only one Muslim convert during sixty years of work. The missionaries nevertheless provided medical and education services in urban centers and in the Nuba Mountains, and pioneered girls' schools. Yet few of their Sudanese graduates achieved functional Arabic literacy, since missionaries taught ‘romanized Arabic', a form of written colloquial Arabic, in Latin print, that lacked pract

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Chang, Ning J. "Tension Within the Church: British Missionaries in Wuhan, 1913–28." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 2 (1999): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003376.

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The foreign missionary was always a prominent source of Sino-foreign friction. The appearance of Protestant missionaries in China's interior, and their intrusion into Chinese society in the latter half of the nineteenth century, caused strong resistance from the Chinese and many outbreaks of xenophobia. After the Boxer Uprising of 1900, however, this resistance and these outbreaks greatly declined. And the foreign missionary in the second and third decades of the twentieth century had to face new problems: namely, tension between the foreign and Chinese members within the church. In the late 1

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Jiayi, Duan, and Wang Xiaoyu. "Medical Historical Value of the “The Quarterly Reports of the Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton” Review of Peter Parker and Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton." Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies 3, no. 4 (2024): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.3.4.3.

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Recently published by the Central Compilation and Translation Press, Peter Parker and Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton is the Chinese edition of The Quarterly Reports of the Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton, written by Dr. Peter Parker (1804-1888), an American medical missionary. Dr. Parker founded the Canton Ophthalmic Hospital in November 1835, the first Western hospital in China. From 1836 to 1850, he authored 15 quarterly reports, which were serialized in The Chinese Repository. These reports document patient statistics and detailed case studies, highlighting the role of medical missionaries in

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Crawford, DS. "Mukden Medical College (1911–1949): an outpost of Edinburgh medicine in northeast China. Part 1: 1882–1917; building the foundations and opening the College." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 36, no. 1 (2006): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478271520063601018.

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Scottish physician Dugald Christie, an 1881 licentiate of both the RCPE and the RCSEd, was the first medical missionary sent to China by the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. He commenced practice in the city of Mukden (Shenyang) in Manchuria in 1883. In 1892 he started to train student assistants and in 1911 founded the Mukden Medical College (Fengtian yi ke da xue). Edinburgh-trained physicians and surgeons largely staffed this college, the first Western medical school in Manchuria.

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Vladimirova, Maria Alexandrovna. "Features of preaching and catechization for women: the experience of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries." Manuscript 18, no. 2 (2025): 649–56. https://doi.org/10.30853/mns20250092.

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The research aims to explore the missionaries’ perception of the specifics of missionary work among women in the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China. The article examines the features of missionary work among women, as noted by the missionaries of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The author analyzes the specifics of the Chinese population’s mentality regarding the status of women and identifies areas of missionary labor where this mentality influenced the practical aspects of missionary service (such as preaching, ca

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Pieragastini, Steven, and Martin Robert. "Imperial mission: Jesuits, French diplomacy, and medical education at l’Aurore University in Shanghai, 1912–1952." Medical History 68, no. 2 (2024): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2024.17.

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AbstractBetween 1903 and 1952, there was a Jesuit and French university in Shanghai called l’Aurore. This article focuses on its medical faculty, which operated from 1912 to 1952. It shows that, in a precarious political and military context, l’Aurore simultaneously benefited from Jesuit missionary activity and the French quest for imperial influence, without fully identifying with either. The faculty was not an official missionary institution, and most of its hundreds of students were not Christians. However, the Jesuit administration kept a record of baptisms among the students and, based on

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Konior, Jan. "Andrzej Rudomina—unforgettable Lithuanian Jesuit missionary scholar: from Vilnius University to China." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 10, no. 1-2 (2009): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2009.3667.

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Jesuit University of Philosophy and Education ‘Ignatianum’ This paper explores one of great Lithuanian Jesuit missionaries to China—Andrzej Rudomina (Lith. Andrius Rudamina, Chin. Lu an de) 盧安德 (1595–1631)—also providing a look at the cultural and spiritual background of Lithuania and Poland in which he was brought up. It also shows the situation of the Society of Jesus in the 16th and 17th centuries, with particular focus on the Lithuanian–Polish–Chinese context and connection. Andrzej Rudomina was the first Lithuanian Jesuit to set foot behind the Great Wall of China in the 17th century. In

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Et al., HO-WOOG KIM. "Medical Hallyu In Mongolia: A Case Study Of Dr. Kwan-Tae Park’s Spirituality And Medical Service." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 4821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1643.

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Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Mongolia in 1990, Hallyu (the Korean Wave) has rapidly spread to Mongolia. Korean food and medicine, as well as Korean drama and pop music, are welcomed by Mongolians. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Korean medical service on Mongolia, focusing on the Korean medical missionary Kwan-tae Park. We will show that his excellent human relationship as a reason for his fruit-bearing ministry in the Mongolian society, which is somewhat unfriendly to aggressive Christian evangelism. In conclusion, we will ar

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Lozynskyy, Roman. "The missionary travels of the Lviv Jesuits in the 17th and first half of the 18th centuries and its importance for geography." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 54 (November 26, 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2020.54.11824.

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In Europe, during the 17th and first half of the 18th centuries, Lviv played an important role in the history of the Jesuit missionary travels as one of the leading centres of activity of the Society of Jesus in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Jesuit Academy in Lviv maintained contacts with missions in Persia (in Isfahan) and its dependent regions of the South Caucasus (in the cities of Gandia (Ganja), Shamakhi, Yerevan), in the Ottoman Empire (Constantinople) and its vassals in Moldova (in cities Jassy and Kutnari) and Wallachia, as well as in Crimea (Kafa). The most famous Jesuit mis

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Ziadat, Adel A. "Western Medicine in Palestine, 1860–1940: The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society and Its Hospital." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 10, no. 2 (1993): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.10.2.269.

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Daily, Christopher. "Robert Morrison and the Multicultural Beginning of Chinese Protestantism." Social Sciences and Missions 25, no. 1-2 (2012): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489412x625832.

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Robert Morrison (1782-1834), the first Protestant missionary to operate in China, was sent alone to his East Asian post by the London Missionary Society in 1807. He spent more than half his life (he died at his station in Guangzhou) planting a foothold in China for the benefit of evangelical Christianity, and, consequently, he established the foundation upon which all subsequent Protestant missions to China rested. While sinologists are generally familiar with the checklist of Morrison’s accomplishments in the areas of translating and publishing, less has been written about the multicultural n

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van Saane, Wilbert. "The Action Chrétienne en Orient: From Missionary Society to Fellowship of Churches." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 39, no. 1 (2021): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02653788211068273.

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The Action Chrétienne en Orient was founded in 1922 in order to bring relief among displaced Christians, especially Armenians, in Syria. It also supported the displaced Protestant communities in their ecclesiastical, educational and medical work. In structure the ACO resembled other Protestant missionary societies, but it had some unique features such as its trans-European character. At the time of the decolonization, the work of the ACO changed as the local Protestant churches took charge and the ACO devolved its responsibilities. In the postcolonial period the ACO gradually embraced a missio

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Tiedemann†, R. G. "Early Nineteenth-Century ‘Murmurings and Disputings’ in the Ultra-Ganges Missions." Studies in World Christianity 27, no. 3 (2021): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2021.0351.

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As messengers of a peaceful gospel, the ‘Christian soldiers’ put in charge of expanding the remit of the London Missionary Society to South-east Asia and, eventually, to South China frequently found themselves at war with each other. Based on the personal correspondence of missionaries stationed at Melaka, Batavia and Guangzhou, the present article analyses both the challenges faced by the missionary circle as well as the disagreements which developed. The Protestant missionaries sailed in the wake of the Dutch and British navies after the Napoleonic wars. They thus found themselves both prote

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