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Castrèn, Maaret, Veronica Lindström, Jenny Hagman Branzell, and Leila Niemi-Murola. "Prehospital personnel’s attitudes to pain management." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 8, no. 1 (2015): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.02.003.
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AbstractObjectivesPain is one of the most common reasons for patients to seek acute medical care. The management of pain is often inadequate both in the prehospital setting and in the emergency department. Our aim was to evaluate the attitudes towards pain management among prehospital personnel in two Scandinavian metropolitan areas.MethodsA questionnaire with 36 items was distributed to prehospital personnel working in Helsinki, Finland (n=70) and to prehospital personnel working in Stockholm, Sweden (n=634). Each item was weighted on a five-level Likert scale. Factor loading of the questionnaire was made using maximum likelihood analysis and varimax rotation. Six scales were constructed (Hesitation, Encouragement, Side effects, Evaluation, Perceptions, Pain metre). A Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation were used for analysis of significance.Results: The response rate among the Finnish prehospital personnel was 66/70 (94.2%) while among the Swedish personnel it was 127/634 (20.0%). The prehospital personnel from Sweden showed significantly more Hesitation to administer pain relief compared to the Finnish personnel (mean 2.01 SD 0.539 vs. 1.67 SD 0.530, p < 0.001). Those who had received pain education at their workplace showed significantly less Hesitation than those who had not participated in education. There was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between Hesitation and Side effects. There was also astatistically significant(p < 0.01) correlation between Perceptions and Hesitation, indicating that a stoic attitude towards pain was associated with indifference to possible Side effects of pain medication (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results show that there was a significant correlation between the extent of education and the prehospital personnel’s attitudes to pain management. Gender and age among the prehospital personnel also affected the attitudes to pain management. The main discrepancy between the Swedish and Finnish personnel was that the participants from Stockholm showed statistically significantly more hesitation about administering pain medication compared to the participants from Helsinki.ImplicationsThe results of the study highlight the need for continuous medical education (CME) for prehospital personnel. CME and discussions among prehospital personnel may help to make a change in the personnel’s attitudes towards pain and pain management in the prehospital context.
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Sofia, Sofia, Wiku ST Yogasmara, Hafni Andayani, and Ratna Idayati. "Impacts of Education's Intervention on Solid Medical Waste Management in Improving Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Medical Health Workers." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 3, no. 1 (2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v3i1.375.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing education on increasing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of medical officers in solid medical waste management at the Regional General Hospital dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The research design used was a quasi experiment with the Wilcoxon comparison test. The research sample was the medical officer of dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh as many as 94 people who were divided into treatment and control groups. Knowledge, attitude, and the behavior of medical personnel was measured by interview using a questionnaire. The results showed that there was an effect of educational interventions on increasing the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of medical personnel in the management of medical solid waste in the treatment and control groups (p <0.05). The results of the Wilcoxon test between the treatment groups on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior before and after the educational intervention showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), whereas in the control group between before and after the educational intervention did not show a difference with the p-value of knowledge (p = 0.102); attitude and behavior (p = 0.157). In the control group, the level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior tends to remain at a sufficient level. The conclusion of this study shows that educational interventions can provide an increase in the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of medical personnel in implementing solid medical waste management at dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh.
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Braun, Barbara L., Jinnet B. Fowles, Leif I. Solberg, Elizabeth A. Kind, Harry Lando, and Donald Pine. "Smoking-related attitudes and clinical practices of medical personnel in Minnesota." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 27, no. 4 (2004): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.07.010.
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Odland, Maria Lisa, Gladys Membe-Gadama, Ursula Kafulafula, Geir Wenberg Jacobsen, Jon Øyvind Odland, and Elisabeth Darj. "Effects of refresher training on the use of manual vacuum aspiration in the treatment of incomplete abortions: a quasi-experimental study in Malawi." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 5 (2018): e000823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000823.
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IntroductionThe maternal mortality ratio is decreasing globally, although it remains high in Malawi. Unsafe abortion is a major cause and treatment of complications after abortion is a big burden on the health system. Even though manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is the recommended surgical treatment of incomplete abortions in the first trimester, many hospitals in Malawi continue to use sharp curettage. It is known to have more complications and is more expensive in the long run. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a structured MVA training programme in the treatment of incomplete abortions in Malawi.MethodsA quasi-experimental before-and-after study design was employed in an MVA training programme for health personnel at three hospitals in Southern Malawi. A total of 53 health personnel at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and the district hospitals of Chikwawa and Chiradzulu (intervention hospitals) were trained in the use of MVA. Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe and the Thyolo District Hospital served as control institutions. Medical files for all women treated for an incomplete abortion at the study hospitals were reviewed before and after the intervention. Information on demographic and obstetric data and the type of treatment was collected.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the use of MVA from 7.8% (95% CI 5.8 to 10.3) to 29.1% (95% CI 25.9 to 32.5) 1 year after the intervention. In comparison, we found a mere 3% increase in the control hospitals.ConclusionsBy providing a refresher training programme to health personnel who treat women with incomplete abortions, it was possible to increase the use of MVA as recommended in the Malawi national guidelines.
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Watt, Kerrianne, Vivienne C. Tippett, Steven G. Raven, et al. "Attitudes to Living and Working in Pandemic Conditions among Emergency Prehospital Medical Care Personnel." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 1 (2010): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007597.
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AbstractIntroduction:Little is known about the risk perceptions and attitudes of healthcare personnel, especially of emergency prehospital medical care personnel, regarding the possibility of an outbreak or epidemic event.Problem:This study was designed to investigate pre-event knowledge and attitudes of a national sample of the emergency prehospital medical care providers in relation to a potential human influenza pandemic, and to determine predictors of these attitudes.Methods:Surveys were distributed to a random, cross-sectional sample of 20% of the Australian emergency prehospital medical care workforce (n = 2,929), stratified by the nine services operating in Australia, as well as by gender and location. The surveys included: (1) demographic information; (2) knowledge of influenza; and (3) attitudes and perceptions related to working during influenza pandemic conditions. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify predictors of pandemic-related risk perceptions.Results:Among the 725 Australian emergency prehospital medical care personnel who responded, 89% were very anxious about working during pandemic conditions, and 85% perceived a high personal risk associated with working in such conditions. In general, respondents demonstrated poor knowledge in relation to avian influenza, influenza generally, and infection transmission methods. Less than 5% of respondents perceived that they had adequate education/training about avian influenza. Logistic regression analyses indicate that, in managing the attitudes and risk perceptions of emergency prehospital medical care staff, particular attention should be directed toward the paid, male workforce (as opposed to volunteers), and on personnel whose relationship partners do not work in the health industry.Conclusions:These results highlight the potentially crucial role of education and training in pandemic preparedness. Organizations that provide emergency prehospital medical care must address this apparent lack of knowledge regarding infection transmission, and procedures for protection and decontamination. Careful management of the perceptions of emergency prehospital medical care personnel during a pandemic is likely to be critical in achieving an effective response to a widespread outbreak of infectious disease.
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Meina, Li, Yu Wenya, Ye Feng, Ding Tao, and Zhang Lulu. "Awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine among health personnel in hospitals in Shanghai, China." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 1 (2018): 438–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518809242.
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Objective The study aim was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of hospital health personnel toward translational medicine. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from July 2013 to September 2013 with a representative sample of 1690 health personnel from 13 large comprehensive or specialized hospitals in Shanghai, China. Results The results showed that awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine significantly differed by gender, age, highest level of education, profession, and professional rank. Health personnel showed a highly positive attitude toward translational medicine; however, their knowledge of translational medicine was low. Conclusion Effective measures are needed to improve health personnel’s awareness of and attitudes toward translational medicine.
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Askarian, Mehrdad, Gholamhosein Kabir, Maria Aminbaig, Ziad A. Memish, and Peyman Jafari. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Food Service Staff Regarding Food Hygiene in Shiraz, Iran." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 25, no. 1 (2004): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502285.
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AbstractBackground:The practice of safety measures by the food service staff in hospitals is necessary for the prevention of food-borne outbreaks. Hospitalized patients are more vulnerable to potential hazards, and neglecting these principles can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.Methods:We assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food service staff regarding food hygiene in government and private hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Two questionnaires were designed, one for food service staff and the ofher for supervisors. Thirty-one hospitals were approached, and the response rate was 99.5%. Four models were developed regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Comparison among the government and private hospitals was done.Results:This study showed that personnel had little knowledge regarding the pathogens that cause food-borne diseases and the correct temperature for the storage of hot or cold ready-to-eat foods. Older personnel had better attitudes and practices. Females practiced safety measures less often than did males. Personnel working in hospitals with fewer than 300 beds also had better practices. Most of the personnel had positive attitudes, but disparity between attitude and practice was noted.Conclusion:There is a dire need for education and increased awareness among food service staff regarding safe food handling practices.
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Moshinskie, James F. "Reader Attitudes Toward Journal-Based Continuing Education for EMS Personnel." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 12, no. 4 (1997): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00037766.
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Abstract: Recertification requirements and new curricula place increased importance on continuing education (CE) for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. To be effective, continuing education not only must be accessible to EMS personnel, but it must be also acceptable. Journal-based continuing education was selected to improve accessibility, but questions were raised about its acceptance. Although there were some significant differences found between the feelings of basic and advanced EMS personnel, a study conducted on six articles showed that participants overall liked this method. The study also found that some articles significantly generated more reader response than others.
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Petrova, Natalya G., and Sarkis G. Pogosyan. "Motivation of medical personnel as an important element of personnel management." Science and Innovations in Medicine 5, no. 2 (2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2020-5-2-105-110.
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Objective - to analyze the structure of motivational attitudes of nurse personnel and their career orientations. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of three multidisciplinary medical organizations in St. Petersburg. Nurses were asked to complete two questionnaires, including an assessment of motivation and career orientations. The total number of questionnaires processed was 162. The average length of service of the respondents was 10.5 years. According to age, the respondents were distributed as follows: 62.0% were people aged 20-29 years, approximately equal shares were people 30-39 years old (18.6%) and 40 years and older (19.4%). The study of the motivation of professional activity was carried out according to the methodology of K. Zamfir (modified by A. Rean). Also, the methodology used to diagnose the value orientations in the career was ''Career Anchors'' (the method of E. Shein in adaptation by V.A. Chiker and V.E. Vinokurov). The questionnaires contain certain points and clues, allowing one to evaluate, respectively, the nature of motivation and preferred orientations. The statistical processing of collected data was performed with the Microsoft Office 2016 programs: Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel. Results. It was established that in the structure of motivation, 40.2% is an external positive motivation (positive incentives in the organization), 30.1% is an internal motivation (satisfaction with work and its results), 19.7% is an external negative motivation (punishment). The main value orientations in a career are as follows. In the first place - the integration of lifestyles (in 73.2% of cases, this orientation scored maximum points); on the second -stability of work (62.0%); in the third place - ministry (52.4%). The ratio of value orientations varies somewhat among people of different ages. Conclusion. The identified features of motivation and value orientations of nurses should be taken into account both as a whole (to develop a system of motivation in the organization) and personally, taking into account the individual characteristics of each employee. The study of motivation should be carried out by psychologists of medical organizations, and the results should be transmitted to managers to form a reasonable personnel policy.
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Ayraler, Arzu, Onur Öztürk, and Muhammet Ali Oruç. "Knowledge Levels and Attitudes of Medical Faculty Personnel on Traditional and Complementary Medicine." Education in Medicine Journal 14, no. 4 (2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.4.4.
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Cydulka, Rita K., Charles L. Emerman, Bruce Shade, and John Kubincanek. "Stress Levels in EMS Personnel: A National Survey." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 12, no. 2 (1997): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00037420.
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AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate stress levels in emergency medical services personnel across the United States.Design:Confidential, 20-question survey tool, Medical Personnel Stress Survey-Abbreviated (MPSS-R). A total score of 50 indicates average stress levels. A score of 12.5 on the subset measurements of somatic distress, job dissatisfaction, organizational stress, and negative attitudes towards patients indicates average levels of stress. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test.Interventions:None.Results:A total of 658 of 3,000 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) (22%) completed the survey. The mean value of 69.3±6.3 for the total stress scores was very high Mean values for the subset scores were: somatic distress = 19.6±3.3; organizational stress = 17.3±2.4; job dissatisfaction = 17.0±2.6; negative attitudes towards patients = 15.5±2.3. Characteristics predicting higher stress were EMT-basic (A) licensure, basic life support (BLS) only service provider, volunteer status, new employee working in a small EMS organization, and providing service to a small town.Conclusion:Stress levels in EMS personnel were very high, were manifested primarily as somatic distress, secondarily as organizational stress and job dissatisfaction, and lastly as negative patient attitudes. Stress levels and subset manifestations of occupational stress among EMS personnel varied depending on gender, marital status, age, level of training and function, on salaried or volunteer status, length of time as an EMT, and size of the organization, city, and population served. Care should be taken to address stresses peculiar to individual EMS system needs.
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Sambakusi, Cecilia S. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to self-medication with antimicrobials in Lilongwe, Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 31, no. 4 (2019): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v31i4.2.
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BackgroundThe use of antimicrobials is associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and self-medication increases the risk of the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding self-medication with antimicrobials among residents in Lilongwe, Malawi.MethodologyThis study has a cross-sectional, mixed-methods design. We conducted two focus group discussions (n=15) to describe community attitudes towards self-medication with antimicrobials and used a structured questionnaire to collect data on individual KAP regarding self-medication from 105 respondents.ResultsSelf-medication was common, and the sources of these medicines were market vendors, pharmacies, drugs shared with friends and family and those leftover from previous treatments. The lack of medical supplies, long distances to health facilities, poor attitudes of medical professionals towards patients, and past experience with the disease and treatment are the main factors that influence self-medication. KAP respondents had little knowledge of antimicrobials, their use, or any awareness of AMR. Seventy-four per cent (n=78) were unable to differentiate antimicrobials from other categories of medicines, and 92.4% wrongly responded that antimicrobials could be used to stop a fever. Concerning attitudes towards self-medication, over 54% wrongly believe that antimicrobials are effective in treating common colds. In regard to practice, 53% reported that they would use antimicrobials to treat upper respiratory infections, and 41% agreed that they must complete antibiotic therapy even if they are improving. Logistic regression analysis found that stocking antimicrobials at home for future use significantly promotes self-medication whereas an awareness of AMR would reduce self-medication.ConclusionSelf-medication is a public health risk that needs to be addressed urgently. Findings from this study point to the need for multifaceted interventions.
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Varon, Joseph, George L. Sternbach, Peter Rudd, and Arthur H. Combs. "Resuscitation attitudes among medical personnel: How much do we really want to be done?" Resuscitation 22, no. 3 (1991): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9572(91)90030-3.
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Emul, Murat, Zeynep Uzunoglu, Hacer Sevinç, et al. "The Attitudes of Preclinical and Clinical Turkish Medical Students Toward Suicide Attempters." Crisis 32, no. 3 (2011): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000065.
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Background: Interest in studies of stigma toward patients with mental disorders is growing. Research on the attitudes of medical students toward suicide attempters does not exist; although as medical personnel, they will encounter suicide attempters in emergency rooms. Aims: We aimed to investigate the attitudes of preclinical and clinical medical students toward suicide attempters and to compare their attitudes with nonmedical students. Methods: Participants were asked to fill out questionnaires those were searching the attitudes toward suicide attempters. These questionnaires used a social distance scale, skillfulness assessment scale, and dangerousness scale. Results: More than 73% of students had a negative attitude toward “renting a room of their home to a suicide attempter.” More than 90% would not want “a suicide attempter to supervise their children for few hours.” Significantly more preclinical than clinical students would not want their children to marry a suicide attempter. Conclusions: Social distance, skillfulness, and attitudes concerning the dangerousness of suicide attempters are problematic for medical students and need educational intervention.
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Ardon, Orly, and Robert L. Schmidt. "Clinical Laboratory Employees’ Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence." Laboratory Medicine 51, no. 6 (2020): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/lmaa023.
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Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes of laboratory personnel toward the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the laboratory. Methods We surveyed laboratory employees who covered a range of work roles, work environments, and educational levels. Results The survey response rate was 42%. Most respondents (79%) indicated that they were at least somewhat familiar with AI. Very few (4%) classified themselves as experts. Contact with AI varied by educational level (P = .005). Respondents believed that AI could help them perform their work by reducing errors (24%) and saving time (16%). The most common concern (27%) was job security (being replaced by AI). The majority (64%) of the respondents expressed support for the development of AI projects in the organization. Conclusions Laboratory employees see the potential for AI and generally support the adoption of AI tools but have concerns regarding job security and quality of AI performance.
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Schmitz, Susan, Tiffany A. Radcliff, Karen Chu, Robert E. Smith, and Aram Dobalian. "Veterans Health Administration’s Disaster Emergency Medical Personnel System (DEMPS) Training Evaluation: Potential Implications for Disaster Health Care Volunteers." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 6 (2018): 744–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.6.
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AbstractObjectiveThe US Veterans Health Administration’s Disaster Emergency Medical Personnel System (DEMPS) is a team of employee disaster response volunteers who provide clinical and non-clinical staffing assistance when local systems are overwhelmed. This study evaluated attitudes and recommendations of the DEMPS program to understand the impact of multi-modal training on volunteer perceptions.MethodsDEMPS volunteers completed an electronic survey in 2012 (n=2120). Three training modes were evaluated: online, field exercise, and face-to-face. Measures included: “Training Satisfaction,” “Attitudes about Training,” “Continued Engagement in DEMPS.” Data were analyzed using χ2and logistic regression. Open-ended questions were evaluated in a manner consistent with grounded theory methodology.ResultsMost respondents participated in DEMPS training (80%). Volunteers with multi-modal training who completed all 3 modes (14%) were significantly more likely to have positive attitudes about training, plan to continue as volunteers, and would recommend DEMPS to others (P-value<0.001). Some respondents requested additional interactive activities and suggested increased availability of training may improve volunteer engagement.ConclusionsA blended learning environment using multi-modal training methods, could enhance satisfaction and attitudes and possibly encourage continued engagement in DEMPS or similar programs. DEMPS training program modifications in 2015 expanded this blended learning approach through new interactive online learning opportunities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:744-751)
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Liu, Zuoyan, Lihui Pu, Heng Wang, and Xiuying Hu. "Survey of attitude towards and understanding of the elderly amongst Chinese undergraduate medical students." Asian Biomedicine 8, no. 5 (2014): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0805.335.
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Abstract Background: Gerontology has an increasing role in medicine and public health. The provision of better medical services to the elderly closely correlates with the attitude towards and understanding of the elderly by medical personnel. Objectives: We investigated factors affecting a medical student’s choice of gerontology as a career. This included a survey of attitude towards the elderly and understanding of aging among first and third year Chinese undergraduates. Data between students in different streams, at different levels, and between sexes were compared. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 335 undergraduate medical students in Sichuan for a survey using Kogan’s Attitudes toward Older People Scale (KAOP) and Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ1) as tools. Results: Among undergraduates, 71.3% did not acquire significant knowledge about the elderly (mean KAOP score 139.5 ± 16.0); and had a mean score of knowledge of aging (12.2 ± 2.7). The majority of first year students (98.7%) and third year students (98.8%) had a positive attitudes (KAOP > 102). The KAOP score among first year students was higher than that among third years (P < 0.01). Students with an interest in problems of the elderly had significantly higher scores and were more willing to consider careers in gerontology than students without an interest in the elderly (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The majority of Chinese undergraduate medical students surveyed had positive attitudes towards elderly. We recommend greater accessibility of courses in gerontology to meet the increasing need for personnel in this health care sector.
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Tarpomanova, T., S. Filkova, and P. Mincheva-Bolgurova. "THE ATTITUDES OF THE BULGARIAN CITIZENS TO ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE METHODS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, no. 2 (2020): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.02.009.
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The purpose of the study was to research the attitudes of the Bulgaria citizens to alternative medicine methods among students at the Medical university in the city of Varna and administrative personnel - working people who are under a risk of professional deseases. Methods Randomly selected Bulgarian citizens were interviewed and divided in two groups: Group A – 129 students from the medical university of Varna age 18 to 30 years old and Group B – 121 people working in the in the administrative departments age 31 to 66 years old. Results The 37,2% of the people from Group A and 52, 1% of the people in group B were aware of the essence of the methods of the alternative medicine. The 62% of the students and the 75,2% of the administrative personnel thought that alternative methods used in the countries from the East are protecting and preventing diseases. The actual personal experience in using those methods in both groups was very low –below 10% for Group A and below 25% for Group B. Conclusions Bulgarian citizens are still not informed enough for the non-conventional methods and their application which needs to be directed in informing, educating and more practical work towards the targeted groups.
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Lisauskene, M. V., Yu K. Plotnikova, and Yu N. Rakova. "THE SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDE OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL OF MUNICIPAL MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS TO HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS." Sociology of Medicine 16, no. 1 (2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2017-16-1-56-61.
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The article presents results of medical sociological survey of attitude of various categories of medical personnel of municipal medical institutions of the Irkutskaia oblast to HIV-infected patients. The study used qualitative and quantitative sociological techniques that permitted to obtain representative data about characteristics of attitude of medical workers to patients and to establish risks of professional contamination and factors effecting development of models of behavior of medical workers in the system of relationships "physician-patient". The sociological survey fixed ambiguous and contradictory character of attitude of medical workers to HIV-infected patients related to fear of professional risk of contamination. The correlation and typological analysis permitted to establish stigmatization and discrimination of HIV-infected individuals manifesting at emotional psychological and behavioral levels and fixing in striving of particular groups of respondents to isolate HIV-infected patients. The results of survey testify necessity of development in all categories of medical personnel rational pragmatic attitudes of perception of risk of contamination permitting to manage this perception and to develop program of psychological and behavioral trainings for various categories of medical workers.
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Peterson, Alan L., Brian A. Moore, Cynthia A. Lancaster, et al. "Attitudes and Beliefs of Deployed United States Military Medical Personnel about Providing Healthcare for Iraqi Patients." Military Behavioral Health 7, no. 2 (2018): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2018.1491908.
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Nobile, C. G. A., P. Montuori, E. Diaco, and P. Villari. "Healthcare personnel and hand decontamination in intensive care units: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour in Italy." Journal of Hospital Infection 51, no. 3 (2002): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhin.2002.1248.
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Belowska, Jarosława, Mariusz Panczyk, Zofia Sienkiewicz, Anna Kaczyńska, Aleksander Zarzeka, and Joanna Gotlib. "The Analysis of Opinions and Attitudes of Students of Nursing with Respect to the Observance of Patient's Rights in Poland." Polish Journal of Public Health 124, no. 4 (2015): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2015-0011.
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Abstract Introduction. As these define the status of the patient during the provision of health services, patients' rights are a very important component of Poland's medical law. The observance of these rights is a prerequisite for the proper performance of the nursing profession. Theoretical and practical preparation in this area is thus already a necessity in the students' education process. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the opinions and attitudes of nursing students with respect to problems in the field of the observance of the rights of patients in Poland. Material and methods. The study was built upon the opinions expressed by 375 students (362 women and 13 men) of the first and second year. These were full-time and part-time students in master's studies in nursing, of the Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw. The study employed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of essays. Results. The results of the study indicate that 59 percent of the respondents report being frequent witnesses of violation of patient's rights. In particular, that which noted were the rights to privacy and dignity (98%), to receive sought-after information (91%) and to suitable health-care (85%). Another right seen to have been violated in the respondents' workplace was the patient's right to the maintenance of the confidentiality of patient-related information by medical personnel (77%). The respondents, while seeing violation of the patient's rights by other employees, declared their own adherence to these rights in their own professional practice. Conclusions. 1. The majority of the study group repeatedly witnessed violation of patients' rights. It would, therefore, be advisable to monitor the observance of the rights of patients by medical personnel, and to see to the professional liability of those who flagrantly breaking the law. 2. Research findings indicate that ethics should be given more emphasis in teaching future health professionals in the course of their medical studies. 3. The analysis of the available literature and our own study show that the share of medical personnel in providing information about the patients' rights is minimal. It would be advisable for medical personnel to be given an opportunity to acquire new skills and competences in this field. 4. Awareness of the existence and knowledge of the patient's rights, not only among medical students and health professionals, but also among patients, is crucial to their observance by the former and their exercise by the latter. It should, therefore, be spread and raised. 5. Training and thematic courses in patient's rights should be provided in order to enable medical personnel to acquire new skills and competences in this field, with the end result of improving their observance of patient's rights. 6. A qualitative analysis constitutes an innovative and effective way of carrying out research and interpreting research findings, being a valuable and reasonable method of conducting a survey, and in exploring the attitudes of students and health-care workers towards patient's rights.
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Tippett, Vivienne C., Kerrianne Watt, Steven G. Raven, et al. "Anticipated Behaviors of Emergency Prehospital Medical Care Providers during an Influenza Pandemic." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 1 (2010): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007603.
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AbstractIntroduction:Emergency prehospital medical care providers are frontline health workers during emergencies. However, little is known about their attitudes, perceptions, and likely behaviors during emergency conditions. Understanding these attitudes and behaviors is crucial to mitigating the psychological and operational effects of biohazard events such as pandemic influenza, and will support the business continuity of essential prehospital services.Problem:This study was designed to investigate the association between knowledge and attitudes regarding avian influenza on likely behavioral responses of Australian emergency prehospital medical care providers in pandemic conditions.Methods:Using a reply-paid postal questionnaire, the knowledge and attitudes of a national, stratified, random sample of the Australian emergency prehospital medical care workforce in relation to pandemic influenza were investigated. In addition to knowledge and attitudes, there were five measures of anticipated behavior during pandemic conditions: (1) preparedness to wear personal protective equipment (PPE); (2) preparedness to change role; (3) willingness to work; and likely refusal to work with colleagues who were exposed to (4) known and (5) suspected influenza. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to determine the independent predictors of each of the anticipated behaviors, while controlling for other relevant variables.Results:Almost half (43%) of the 725 emergency prehospital medical care personnel who responded to the survey indicated that they would be unwilling to work during pandemic conditions; one-quarter indicated that they would not be prepared to work in PPE; and one-third would refuse to work with a colleague exposed to a known case of pandemic human influenza.Willingness to work during a pandemic (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.0−1.9), and willingness to change roles (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.04−2.0) significantly increased with adequate knowledge about infectious agents generally. Generally, refusal to work with exposed (OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.3−0.7) or potentially exposed (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.3−0.6) colleagues significantly decreased with adequate knowledge about infectious agents. Confidence in the employer's capacity to respond appropriately to a pandemic significantly increased employee willingness to work (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.9−4.1); willingness to change roles during a pandemic (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.1−2.1); preparedness to wear PPE (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.1−2.5); and significantly decreased the likelihood of refusing to work with colleagues exposed to (suspected) influenza (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.4−0.9).Conclusions:These findings indicate that education and training alone will not adequately prepare the emergency prehospital medical workforce for a pandemic. It is crucial to address the concerns of ambulance personnel and the perceived concerns of their relationship with partners in order to maintain an effective prehospital emergency medical care service during pandemic conditions.
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Kamoto, Alfred. "Knowledge, attitude and perception on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among final year medical students in the College of Medicine, Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 32, no. 3 (2020): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v32i3.3.
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BackgroundMedical curricula need to provide adequate knowledge on antimicrobial medicine use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Such knowledge is critical in shaping correct attitudes and perceptions among future prescribers. However, the extent of preparation provided by medical curricula remains unknown.AimThe current study sought to determine knowledge, attitude and perception on antimicrobial use and AMR among final year medical students in Malawi.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken among all final year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of Malawi in 2016. Total population sampling and self-administered questionnaires were used. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel and analysed with Epi info. Descriptive analysis for categorical data was done using frequencies and proportions, and for continuous data using measures of central tendency.ResultsThe response rate in this study was 95%. The mean and median aggregated scores were 7.2 and 7, respectively, for the 11 knowledge questions. Over 88% of the respondents answered more than half of the knowledge questions correctly. Respondents agreed that antimicrobials are overused both at national (50; 69%) and at hospital (52; 72%) levels.ConclusionThis study reports high aggregated knowledge scores on antimicrobial use and resistance with wide variations on correct knowledge scores per question. The study further shows varying level in attitudes and perceptions among medical students. Overall, there were gaps on antimicrobial use and knowledge of AMR which the medical curriculum should addresses.
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Somnuke, Pawit, Rachaneekorn Ramlee, Waratchaya Ratanapaiboon, et al. "Factors influencing preoperative chest radiography request for elective endoscopic procedures among medical personnel." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242140.
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Background Chest radiography is not routinely recommended before elective endoscopies. A high incidence of perioperative chest radiography requests was observed at our institution. This study aims to investigate factors influencing preoperative chest radiography request for patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies. Methods This cross-sectional clinical study recruited 264 participants from different medical specialties who were responsible for preoperative endoscopic chest x-ray (CXR) ordering including anesthesiologists, surgeons and gastroenterologists. They completed questionnaires exploring their general knowledge and attitudes about preoperative chest radiography. Demographic characteristic of the participants affecting the knowledge on preoperative chest radiography was determined. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was constructed from validated conceptual framework to find causal relationships between hypothesized factors and intention for preoperative endoscopic chest radiography request. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software version 18.0 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 18.0. Results The questionnaire response rate was 53.79%. Baseline general knowledge on preoperative chest radiography of the participants was comparable. The SEM results showed unsupported relationship between hypothesized factors and the intention for preprocedural GI endoscopic CXR request (p < 0.1). Conclusions General knowledge of medical personnel on tuberculosis needs improvement. To rectify the unnecessary chest radiography request before elective GI endoscopic procedures, awareness of the patients’ health conditions, adherence to the hospital’s policy and realizing of possible patient-related mishaps are not the determinants for preprocedural endoscopic chest radiography request. Future works are required to explore other alternative factors involved for reducing chest radiography requests which are not indicated.
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Andriano, Liliana, and Christiaan W. S. Monden. "The Causal Effect of Maternal Education on Child Mortality: Evidence From a Quasi-Experiment in Malawi and Uganda." Demography 56, no. 5 (2019): 1765–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00812-3.
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Abstract Since the 1980s, the demographic literature has suggested that maternal schooling plays a key role in determining children’s chances of survival in low- and middle-income countries; however, few studies have successfully identified a causal relationship between maternal education and under-5 mortality. To identify such a causal effect, we exploited exogenous variation in maternal education induced by schooling reforms introducing universal primary education in the second half of the 1990s in Malawi and Uganda. Using a two-stage residual inclusion approach and combining individual-level data from Demographic and Health Surveys with district-level data on the intensity of the reform, we tested whether increased maternal schooling reduced children’s probability of dying before age 5. In Malawi, for each additional year of maternal education, children have a 10 % lower probability of dying; in Uganda, the odds of dying for children of women with one additional year of education are 16.6 % lower. We also explored which pathways might explain this effect of maternal education. The estimates suggest that financial barriers to medical care, attitudes toward modern health services, and rejection of domestic violence may play a role. Moreover, being more educated seems to confer enhanced proximity to a health facility and knowledge about the transmission of AIDS in Malawi, and wealth and improved personal illness control in Uganda.
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Bessesen, Mary T., Lewis Radonovich, Susan M. Rattigan, et al. "1205. Healthcare Personnel Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Towards Infection Prevention and Control Measures for Protection from Respiratory Infections." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1068.
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Abstract Background Healthcare personnel (HCP) knowledge and attitudes toward Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures are important determinants of practices that can protect them from acquisition of infectious diseases from patients. We aimed to describe HCP knowledge and attitudes concerning IPC measures over time in the context of a clinical trial. Methods ResPECT was a multi-center, multi-season cluster randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness of medical masks (MM) and N95 respirators (N95) for preventing acute respiratory illnesses in HCP employed in outpatient clinical settings. At the beginning of each respiratory virus season, participants completed a survey instrument to measure IPC knowledge. At the beginning and end of each season participants completed a survey to assess attitudes and beliefs about IPC measures, especially MM and N95. Results A pre-study and post-study survey pair was available for 88.1% of participant seasons. There were no significant differences in demographic variables or job assignment between survey respondents and nonrespondents for each participant season. Participants correctly identified 59.8% to 63.4% of IPC measures that should be used by HCP when exposed to patients with symptoms of acute respiratory illness, or at high risk of infection. There was modest improvement in the knowledge score over time among providers who participated for multiple years in the study. In the first pre-study survey of IPC attitudes and beliefs, 88.5% and 87.9% of participants identified at least one reason to avoid using either MM and N95, respectively (Figure 1). At the post-season survey, the proportion of participants reporting a reason to avoid MM fell to 39.6% (IRR for pre- vs. post-season 0.15, 95% CI 0.13–0.17) and 53.6% reported a reason to avoid N95 (IRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51–0.66). Conclusion HCPknowledge of IPC precautions was poor, suggesting a need for better IPC education and accountability in the outpatient setting. When given incentives to comply with processes toward which they had negative attitudes at baseline, HCP realized that medical masks and N95 respirators were comfortable enough to wear for patient encounters and interfered with their work processes less than expected. Disclosures Trish M. Perl, MD; MSc, 7–11: Advisory Board; medimmune: Research Grant.
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Kim, Tae Eung, Ellen T. Reibling, and Kent T. Denmark. "Student Perception of High Fidelity Medical Simulation for an International Trauma Life Support Course." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 1 (2012): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11006790.
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AbstractBackground: High fidelity medical simulators (HFMS) are accepted tools for health care instruction. The use of HFMS was incorporated into an International Trauma Life Support course, and course participants were surveyed regarding attitudes toward HFMS.Methods: Course participants, including physicians, nurses, and prehospital personnel, were given pre- and post-course questionnaires measuring their confidence in knowledge and treatment of trauma resuscitation, as well as their attitudes towards the utility and realism of immersive simulation. The participants were randomly assigned to take a course examination either before or after their simulator session.Results: Thirteen course participants of varying backgrounds and degrees of clinical experience were surveyed and tested. All surveyed areas improved following simulator training, including comfort level with simulation as a training method (17%), perception of the realism of HFMS (15%), and reported self-confidence in knowledge, experience and training in trauma care (27%). Test scores were improved in the post-simulation group as opposed to the pre-simulation group (86% pass rate in the post-simulation test group versus 50% pass rate in the pre-simulation test group).Conclusions: High fidelity medical simulation was accepted by medical professionals of different backgrounds and experience. Attitudes towards simulation and self-confidence improved after simulator sessions, as did test scores, suggesting improved comprehension and retention of course materials. Further testing is required to validate the findings of this small, observational study.
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Bremer, Anders, Karin Dahlberg, and Lars Sandman. "Balancing Between Closeness and Distance: Emergency Medical Services Personnel’s Experiences of Caring for Families at Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Death." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 1 (2012): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000167.
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AbstractIntroduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a lethal health problem that affects between 236,000 and 325,000 people in the United States each year. As resuscitation attempts are unsuccessful in 70-98% of OHCA cases, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel often face the needs of bereaved family members.Problem: Decisions to continue or terminate resuscitation at OHCA are influenced by factors other than patient clinical characteristics, such as EMS personnel’s knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding family emotional preparedness. However, there is little research exploring how EMS personnel care for bereaved family members, or how they are affected by family dynamics and the emotional contexts. The aim of this study is to analyze EMS personnel’s experiences of caring for families when patients suffer cardiac arrest and sudden death.Methods: The study is based on a hermeneutic lifeworld approach. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 EMS personnel from an EMS agency in southern Sweden.Results: The EMS personnel interviewed felt responsible for both patient care and family care, and sometimes failed to prioritize these responsibilities as a result of their own perceptions, feelings and reactions. Moving from patient care to family care implied a movement from well-structured guidance to a situational response, where the personnel were forced to balance between interpretive reasoning and a more direct emotional response, at their own discretion. With such affective responses in decision-making, the personnel risked erroneous conclusions and care relationships with elements of dishonesty, misguided benevolence and false hopes. The ability to recognize and respond to people’s existential questions and needs was essential. It was dependent on the EMS personnel’s balance between closeness and distance, and on their courage in facing the emotional expressions of the families, as well as the personnel’s own vulnerability. The presence of family members placed great demands on mobility (moving from patient care to family care) in the decision-making process, invoking a need for ethical competence.Conclusion: Ethical caring competence is needed in the care of bereaved family members to avoid additional suffering. Opportunities to reflect on these situations within a framework of care ethics, continuous moral education, and clinical ethics training are needed. Support in dealing with personal discomfort and clear guidelines on family support could benefit EMS personnel.
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Rosiński, Jerzy, Anna Różańska, Andrzej Jarynowski, and Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach. "Factors Shaping Attitudes of Medical Staff towards Acceptance of the Standard Precautions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061050.
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Standard precautions (SPs) guidelines are the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all types of patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient. They are based on risk assessment, make use of common sense practices and personal protective equipment that protect healthcare providers from infection and prevent the spread of infection from patient to patient. The aim of this study was to determine medical staff’s attitudes towards SPs and analyse the factors shaping these attitudes. The study was conducted using a questionnaire that comprised 25 statements describing the attitudes of medical personnel towards SPs. They were designed to pinpoint the factors that determine these attitudes. There were five factors identified that shape employees’ attitudes towards SPs: assessment of the situation, favourable patterns of behaviour, negative norms, unfavourable patterns of behaviour and rationalising. The study analysed 505 questionnaires filled in by hospital workers from five Polish cities. The majority of the respondents were women (92.1%), nurses (87.5%); the average age was 41.8 and the average seniority was 19.2 years. Over one-third of the respondents worked in non-surgical (36.4%) and surgical (31.6%) wards, 12.3% were employed in intensive care units (ICUs) and 8.9% in emergency departments (EDs). The variable significantly affecting the level of acceptance of SPs was seniority: initially the support was high, then it later decreased, with the greatest decrease occurring between the third and eighth year of work. The staff of medical wards and ICUs demonstrated significantly lower support for SPs and strong environmental impact on SPs perception; low degree of acceptance among medical ward staff correlated negatively with factors from the category “favourable patterns of behaviour”. The substantially strongest support for SPs was found in ED workers. The results indicate the need for continuous education of individual groups of workers concerning the application of SPs, but also the necessity to change the organisational culture in Polish hospitals.
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El-Sakran, Tharwat M., and Sawsan T. M. El-Sakran. "Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes Towards Learning Communication Skills: The Case Of The United Arab Emirates." American Journal of Health Sciences (AJHS) 6, no. 1 (2015): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajhs.v6i1.9266.
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Effective communication amongst pharmacists, especially clinical pharmacists, physicians, nurses, patients, patients’ families and relatives and health care personnel is essential. Poor communication does not only lead to frustration and lack of respect among professions but also may compromise patient care if important information is misunderstood, ineffectively conveyed, or left out. This research explores clinical pharmacy students’ and clinical pharmacy graduates’ attitudes towards the relevance and importance of learning communication skills in their pharmacy careers in the United Arab Emirates. For the purposes of this study, Rees, Sheard, and Davies’ (2002) Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) is used to measure pharmacy students’ and pharmacy graduates’ attitudes towards communication skills learning. Although this measure was originally designed to measure medical students’ attitudes towards communication skills learning in a European country, the results obtained from our study are not dissimilar to those reported by Rees et al. (2002) in their study. The paper concludes with some practical suggestions for pharmacy experts in charge of pharmacy communication courses.
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Baek, Kyounghee, and Yeonhwa Chang. "A Legal Study on the Legal Regulations and the Attitudes of Cases in the Hospital Owned by Non-medical Personnel." KOREAN SOCIETY OF LAW AND MEDICINE 21, no. 1 (2020): 33–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29291/kslm.2020.21.1.033.
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Hosseinialhashemi, Milad, Fatemeh Sadeghipour Kermani, Charles John Palenik, Hamid Pourasghari, and Mehrdad Askarian. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care personnel concerning hand hygiene in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals, 2013-2014." American Journal of Infection Control 43, no. 9 (2015): 1009–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.05.002.
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Varela, Carlos, Asgaut Viste, Sven Young, et al. "Paediatric surgical conditions in Malawi - A cross-sectional nationwide household survey." Malawi Medical Journal 33, no. 2 (2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v33i2.2.
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BackgroundUntreated surgical conditions may lead to lifelong disability in children. Treating children with surgical conditions may reduce long-term effects of morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, low- and middle-income countries have limited resources for paediatric surgical care. Malawi, for example, has very few paediatric surgeons. There are also significantly inadequate infrastructures and personnel to treat these children. In order to strengthen resources that could provide such services, we need to begin by quantifying the need.AimTo estimate the approximate prevalence of surgical conditions among children in Malawi, to describe the anatomical locations and diagnoses of the conditions and the presence of injuries.MethodsA cross-sectional, nationwide survey of surgical needs was performed in 28 of 29 districts of Malawi. Villages, households and household members were randomly selected. A total of 1487 households were visited and 2960 persons were interviewed. This paper is a sub analysis of the children in the dataset. Information was obtained from 255 living children and inquiry from household respondents for the 255 children who had died in the past year. The interviews were conducted by medical students over a 60-day period, and the validated SOSAS tool was used for data collection. ResultsThere were 67 out of 255 (26.3%) total children living with a surgical condition at the time of the study, with most of the conditions located in the extremities. Half of the children lived with problems due to injuries. Traffic accidents were the most common cause. Two-thirds of the children living with a surgical condition had some kind of disability, and one-third of them were grossly disabled. There were 255 total deceased children, with 34 who died from a surgical condition. The most prevalent causes of death were congenital anomalies of the abdomen, groin and genital region. ConclusionAn extrapolation of the 26% of children found to be living with a surgical condition indicates that there could be 2 million children living with a condition that needs surgical consultation or treatment in Malawi. Congenital anomalies cause significant numbers of deaths among Malawian children. Children living with surgical conditions had disorders in their extremities, causing severe disability. Many of these disorders could have been corrected by surgical care.
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King, Brent R., M. Douglas Baker, and Stephen Ludwig. "Reporting of Child Abuse by Prehospital Personnel." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, no. 1 (1993): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00040036.
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AbstractIntroduction:Prehospital (EMS) personnel routinely enter patient's homes and often are the first trained persons to evaluate an ill or injured child. Therefore, it is vital for these individuals to recognize child abuse (CA), and to understand the proper procedures for reporting suspected cases.Methods:A questionnaire was administered to prehospital care-givers participating in a seminar on pediatric emergencies. Questions were designed to test factual knowledge of CA and the correct reporting procedures, as well as to evaluate attitudes toward CA.Results:There were 48 responses to the questionnaire; 34 (71%) were paramedics, the remainder were emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and/or registered nurses (RNs). Thirty-three (69%) practiced either in a rural or suburban setting. Subjects had an average of 10.8 years of prehospital emergency-care experience. Twenty-eight (58%) reported no previous training in CA. All participants understood the nature of CA, were able to identify the various forms of CA, and believed CA to be a significant problem. However, 33 (69%) did not understand the legislation that mandates reporter status, and while 27 (56%) claimed to have reported CA, only 16 (33%) had made a report either to police or to children's services workers. Of the 21 who never had reported a case of CA, 14 (67%) believed that they never had encountered an abused child. The remainder were not certain, and therefore, did not report, or thought that the hospital staff would report.Conclusions:While this subject deserves further study, it seems that many EMTs and paramedics lack a complete understanding of their role in the identification and reporting of CA. This information should be emphasized further in EMT and paramedic education, and should be reinforced through continuing education.
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Stachow, Ela. "Conflict-related sexual violence: a review." BMJ Military Health 166, no. 3 (2020): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2019-001376.
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Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a concerning yet prevalent feature of historical and current conflict. The term encompasses any form of sexual violence associated with conflict, including rape, sexual assault and forced marriage or prostitution. Acts of CRSV have been perpetrated by both military personnel and civilians against men, women and children. The aetiology of CRSV is complex and unique to each conflict and circumstance. It may arise as a deliberate tactic of war or as opportunistic criminal acts at times of the relative lawlessness resulting from conflict. CRSV can also be related to certain sociocultural attitudes surrounding conflict.CRSV can result in profound medical, psychological and social sequelae for victims and management requires a holistic approach to address these. The global political response to CRSV has been gaining momentum in recent decades. Although the practical reaction to political stances has been limited at times, some consistent messages have arisen from collaborative work between the United Nations and other multinational bodies. Advances have also been made in the judicial response to CRSV.Due to the widespread nature of the issue, there is the potential for the exposure of Defence Medical Services (DMS) personnel to CRSV. This may occur while operating in a conflict zone or when participating in humanitarian operations. DMS personnel should maintain an awareness of the prevalence of CRSV and of any current political measures in place to tackle it. When appropriate, CRSV should feature in operational medical planning and pre-deployment training to assist personnel in managing any cases they encounter.
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Fryer, John H., and Leon Cohen. "Effects of Labeling Patients “Psychiatric” or “Medical”: Favorability of Traits Ascribed by Hospital Staff." Psychological Reports 62, no. 3 (1988): 779–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.3.779.
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A modified version of the Adjective Checklist was developed to test whether labeling patients “psychiatric” or “medical” would affect caretakers' attitudes. 97 psychiatric hospital employees (47 men and 50 women) completed valid questionnaires during their initial employment processing. Compared to medical patients, psychiatric patients were rated as less likable and were viewed as having more unfavorable and fewer favorable traits. Specifically, psychiatric patients were characterized as more irresponsible, less dependable, and less clear-thinking than medical patients. No significant attitudinal effects were found for the factors of perceivers' sex or role (direct-care versus support personnel). The over-all findings indicate that, despite a generation of professional advocacy of the medical model, those charged with the care of psychiatric patients continue to view them as less socially desirable than medical patients.
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Aloweidi, Abdelkarim, Isam Bsisu, Aiman Suleiman, et al. "Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccines: An Analytical Cross–Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (2021): 5111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105111.
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Vaccination is the most promising strategy to counter the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine hesitancy is a serious global phenomenon, and therefore the aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the effect of educational background, work field, and social media on attitudes towards vaccination in Jordan. We compared between medical personnel who were in direct contact with patients and non-medical individuals at Jordan University Hospital in terms of demographics, knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines, rumors received via social media, their trust in these vaccines, and the encouraging factors for vaccination. 646 individuals were enrolled in this study, of which 287 (44.4%) were from medical field, and 359 (55.6%) from non-medical field. 226 (35%) were planning to take the vaccine once available, with a positive response from 131 (45.6%) medical field workers, compared to 94 (26.2%) non-medical individuals (p < 0.001). The social media rumor that was believed the most was the unsafety of these vaccines (n = 283; 43.8%). Only 163 (56.8%) of medical persons did not believe any of the circulated rumors, compared to 126 (35.1%) of non-medical persons (p < 0.001). The effect of medical personnel advice (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.98; p = 0.026) and social media (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.41; p = 0.012) were significantly associated with the willingness to take COVID-19 vaccine once available. In conclusion, medical personnel and social media play a crucial role in increasing the society’s inclination towards vaccination by providing the community with updated evidence-based information about COVID-19 vaccines as an efficient medical countermeasure and by correcting the previously spread misinformation.
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Law, Marcus, Maria Mylopoulos, Paula Veinot, Daniel Miller, and Mark Hanson. "Exploring social media and admissions decision-making – friends or foes?" Canadian Medical Education Journal 7, no. 2 (2016): e4-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36767.
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Background: Despite the ever-increasing use of social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) little is known about its use in medical school admissions. This qualitative study explores whether and how social media (SM) is used in undergraduate admissions in Canada, and the attitudes of admissions personnel towards such use.Methods: Phone interviews were conducted with admissions deans and nominated admissions personnel. A qualitative descriptive analysis was performed using iterative coding and comparing, and grouping data into themes.Results: Personnel from 15 of 17 Canadian medical schools participated. A sizeable proportion had, at some point, examined social media (SM) profiles to acquire information on applicants. Participants did not report using it explicitly to screen all applicants (primary use); however, several did admit to looking at SM to follow up on preliminary indications of misbehaviour (secondary use). Participants articulated concerns, such as validity and equity, about using SM in admissions. Despite no schools having existing policy, participants expressed openness to future use. Conclusions: While some of the 15 schools had used SM to acquire information on applicants, criteria for formulating judgments were obscure, and participants expressed significant apprehension, based on concerns for fairness and validity. Findings suggest participant ambivalence and ongoing risks associated with “hidden” selection practices.
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Rådestad, Monica, Kristina Lennquist Montán, Anders Rüter, et al. "Attitudes Towards and Experience of the Use of Triage Tags in Major Incidents: A Mixed Method Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 4 (2016): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000480.
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AbstractIntroductionDisaster triage is the allocation of limited medical resources in order to optimize patient outcome. There are several studies showing the poor use of triage tagging, but there are few studies that have investigated the reasons behind this. The aim of this study was to explore ambulance personnel attitude towards, and experiences of, practicing triage tagging during day-to-day management of trauma patients, as well as in major incidents (MIs).MethodsA mixed method design was used. The first part of the study was in the form of a web-survey of attitudes answered by ambulance personnel. The question explored was: Is it likely that systems that are not used in everyday practice will be used during MIs? Two identical web-based surveys were conducted, before and after implementing a new strategy for triage tagging. This strategy consisted of a time-limited triage routine where ambulance services assigned triage category and applied triage tags in day-to-day trauma incidents in order to improve field triage. The second part comprised three focus group interviews (FGIs) in order to provide a deeper insight into the attitudes towards, and experience of, the use of triage tags. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe overall finding was the need for daily routine when failure in practice. Analysis of the web-survey revealed three changes: ambulance personnel were more prone to use tags in minor accidents, the sort scoring system was considered to be more valuable, but it also was more time consuming after the intervention. In the analysis of FGIs, four categories emerged that describe the construction of the overall category: perceived usability, daily routine, documentation, and need for organizational strategies.ConclusionTriage is part of the foundation of ambulance skills, but even so, ambulance personnel seldom use this in routine practice. They fully understand the benefit of accurate triage decisions, and also that the use of a triage algorithm and color coded tags is intended to make it easier and more secure to perform triage. However, despite the knowledge and understanding of these benefits, sparse incidents and infrequent exercises lead to ambulance personnel’s uncertainty concerning the use of triage tagging during a MI and will therefore, most likely, avoid using them.RådestadM, Lennquist MontánK, RüterA, CastrénM, SvenssonL, GrythD, FossumB. Attitudes towards and experience of the use of triage tags in major incidents: a mixed method study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(4):376–385.
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Mercado-Martínez, Francisco Javier, César Padilla-Altamira, Blanca Díaz-Medina, and Carlos Sánchez-Pimienta. "Views of health care personnel on organ donation and transplantation: A literature review." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 2 (2015): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015003842014.
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The purpose of this study was to review the empirical studies on health personnel's views towards organ donation and transplantation. A scoping review was carried out in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The search was conducted in eight databases, and two search engines. Four groups of descriptors were used. The period covered was 1985 to 2013. Frequency and content analysis was performed. Two hundred forty-eight articles were selected, out of 316 identified. The literature is temporally and geographically clustered. Quantitative studies predominate. The studies prioritized the perspective of medical and nursing personnel over other actors, such as directors and organ donation coordinators. Health personnel's attitudes toward deceased organ donation was the most examined topic. In conclusion, a growing quantitative literature analyzes the perspective of physicians and nurses with regard to deceased organ donation and transplantation.
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Santoso, Indah Cahyani, Erna Andajani, and Veny Megawati. "ANALISIS FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI WISATAWAN MELAKUKAN MEDICAL TOURISM DI MALAYSIA." BISMA: Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 14, no. 2 (2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v14i2.16240.
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This study aims to analyze the factors that influence tourists to travel for medical tourism in Malaysia. The four main factors used were destination competitiveness, service quality, tourist attitudes, and costs, with 6 additional factors as supporting factors. This study used a quantitative approach. The data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis run by SPSS and AMOS 22.0. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with the sample consisted of 100 respondents. Results showed that there were 44 elements adopted from the study. Based on the anti-image results, 5 factors were removed. According to the component rotation matrix table, 9 factors influence tourists to visit Malaysia for medical tourism. Then, these 9 factors labelled with the new names, i.e., internal and external factor, location attractiveness, ease of accommodation and services, tourist attraction and service quality, transportation and political condition, information and environment, medical service quality, medical tourism and language, and medical personnel.
 Keywords: cost, destination competitiveness , medical tourism , service quality, tourist attitude
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Zhao, Fang-Hui, Sarah M. Tiggelaar, Shang-Ying Hu, et al. "A Multi-center Survey of HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination among Women, Government Officials, and Medical Personnel in China." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 13, no. 5 (2012): 2369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2369.
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Kinshella, Mai-Lei Woo, Sangwani Salimu, Brandina Chiwaya, et al. "“So sometimes, it looks like it’s a neglected ward”: Health worker perspectives on implementing kangaroo mother care in southern Malawi." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243770.
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Introduction Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves continuous skin-to-skin contact of baby on mother’s chest to provide warmth, frequent breastfeeding, recognizing danger signs of illness, and early discharge. Though KMC is safe, effective and recommended by the World Health Organization, implementation remains limited in practice. The objective of this study is to understand barriers and facilitators to KMC practice at tertiary and secondary health facilities in southern Malawi from the perspective of health workers. Methods This study is part of the “Integrating a neonatal healthcare package for Malawi” project in the Innovating for Maternal and Child Health in Africa initiative. In-depth interviews were conducted between May-Aug 2019 with a purposively drawn sample of service providers and supervisors working in newborn health at a large tertiary hospital and three district-level hospitals in southern Malawi. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach using NVivo 12 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). Findings A total of 27 nurses, clinical officers, paediatricians and district health management officials were interviewed. Staff attitudes, inadequate resources and reliance on families emerged as key themes. Health workers from Malawi described KMC practice positively as a low-cost, low-technology solution appropriate for resource-constrained health settings. However, staff perceptions that KMC babies were clinically stable was associated with lower prioritization in care and poor monitoring practices. Neglect of the KMC ward by medical staff, inadequate staffing and reliance on caregivers for supplies were associated with women self-discharging early. Conclusion Though routine uptake of KMC was policy for stable low birthweight and preterm infants in the four hospitals, there were gaps in monitoring and maintenance of practice. While conceptualized as a low-cost intervention, sustainable implementation requires investments in technologies, staffing and hospital provisioning of basic supplies such as food, bedding, and KMC wraps. Strengthening hospital capacities to support KMC is needed as part of a continuum of care for premature infants.
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Bookwala, Ammar, Daisy Dastur, Audrey Wong, et al. "Barriers to patient accrual in Ontario oncology clinical trials: Attitudes of oncologists and clinical research personnel." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (2012): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.36.
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36 Background: The medical specialty of oncology relies heavily on clinical trials to advance policies and practices related to cancer care. However, oncology clinical trial accrual in Ontario has dropped from 12.4% in 2007, to 8.5% in 2009. The objective of this study was to determine barriers experienced by Oncologists and Clinical Research Personnel (CRP) in recruiting patients to oncology trials in Ontario. Methods: In June 2012, an electronic survey was emailed to about 400 oncologists and CRP across Ontario. Variables of interest included demographic data, clinical trial involvement, and perceived barriers to participation in clinical trials amongst three previously identified barrier domains. Barriers were ranked, from 1 (least significant) to 5 (most significant). Statistics were compiled using Graphpad Prism software. Differences in responses were analyzed using the Kruskal – Wallis test and Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test. Results: Of the 400 emails sent, there were 126 respondents (32%). Of the 126 respondents, 82 fully completed the survey (64.6% useable response rate). Amongst system related barriers, “time related” (Median Agreement (M): 4, Inter Quartile Range (IQR): 3-5), and “resource related” barriers (M: 4, IQR: 3-5) had the most negative effect on accrual (p<0.05). Amongst trial design barriers, “Relevance to patient population” (M: 3, IQR: 3-5), “Deviation from Standard of Care” (M: 3, IQR: 3-5) and “Complexity of Trial Protocol” (M: 4, IQR: 3-5) were the most significant barriers (p<0.05). Lastly, amongst personal barriers, “Commitment of the Principal Investigator/Research Staff” (M: 4, IQR: 3-5) and Drug Safety (M: 4, IQR: 2-4) were the most significant barriers to recruitment (p<0.05). Conclusions: Multiple barriers were identified as having a significant impact on patient accrual in clinical trials. Addressing these barriers prospectively in clinical trial design may benefit future studies to successfully accrue cancer patients. Also, creating clinical trial collaboration vehicles amongst sites in similar geographical areas may contribute to improving patient accrual to clinical trials.
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Maier, V., A. Kunitz, and P. C. Thuss-Patience. "Attitudes on terminal sedation, physician assisted suicide and euthanasia in oncology personnel, oncological patients and relatives." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 9068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9068.
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9068 Background: This survey was performed to elucidate and compare the attitudes on end of life management of participants actively affected by/involved in oncology either as a doctor, nurse, patient or a relative. Methods: In this questionnaire based survey performed in Berlin, Germany, approved by the local ethics committee, 4 groups of participants (oncology doctors (D), oncology nurses (N), oncology patients (P) and relatives (R)) were asked about their attitudes on the management of terminally ill oncological patients. Participants were asked to mark their maximal ethically accepted management of a specific case from a series of 10 destinct management options (opt). These options were destilled into 4 groups ranging from sole pain control (SYM)(opt 1) at the bottom of the scale, through to terminal sedation (SED)(opt 2–4), physician assisted suicide (SUI)(opt 5–7) and finally active euthanasia (EUT)(opt 8–10) at the top of the scale. Each participant marked his attitude by putting himself in the role of the treating physician, in the role of the patient described in the case and in the role of a legislative body. Results: 435 questionnaires distributed, 185 returned (42.5%). Participants: D: 58 N: 61 P: 30 R: 36. All participants answering 1) in the role of a treating physician, 2) in the role of a terminally ill patient, 3) in the role of a legislative body. Table shows attitudes of a) all participants and of the 4 subgroups of participants b) doctors, c) nurses, d) relatives, e) patients. Conclusions: Only a minority of participants would themselves perform or assist in active life terminating measurements (SUI+EUT)(23%), more participants would wish for themselves active measurements (SUI+EUT)(30%) and significantly more participants are for legislation to allow active measurements (SUI+EUT)(47%). Medical personnel (doctors equally as nurses) are significantly more reluctant to assist/perform or wish for themselves active measurements (SUI+EUT) than relatives and patients. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Haroon, Muhammad, Faiza Yasin, Rachael Eckel, and Frank Walker. "Perceptions and attitudes of hospital staff toward paging system and the use of mobile phones." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 26, no. 4 (2010): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462310001054.
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Objectives:Our objective was to document the pattern of mobile phone usage by medical staff in a hospital setting, and to explore any perceived benefits (such as improved communications) associated with mobile phones.Methods:This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Waterford Regional Hospital, Ireland, where bleep is the official system of communication. All non-consultant hospital doctors, of medical disciplines only, were asked to participate. The questionnaire was designed to explore the pattern and different aspects of mobile phone usage.Results:At the time of study, there were sixty medical junior doctors, and the response rate was 100 percent. All participants used mobile phones while at work, and also for hospital-related work. For 98.3 percent the mobile phone was their main mode of communication while in the hospital. Sixty-two percent (n= 37) made 6–10 calls daily purely for work-related business, and this comprised of ≥80 percent of their daily usage of mobile phones. For 98 percent of participants, most phone calls were work-related. Regarding reasons for using mobile phones, all reported that using mobile phone is quicker for communication.Conclusions:Mobile phone usage is very common among the medical personnel, and this is regarded as a more efficient means of communication for mobile staff than the hospital paging system.
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Saluja, Inderpal, Karl D. Theakston, and Janusz Kaczorowski. "Influenza vaccination rate among emergency department personnel: a survey of four teaching hospitals." CJEM 7, no. 01 (2005): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500012884.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine influenza vaccination rates and attitudes toward vaccination among emergency department health care workers at 4 Ontario teaching hospitals. Methods: During the influenza season of 1999–2000 a confidential 28-item survey was distributed to emergency physicians and residents, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health care workers at the emergency departments of 4 London, Ontario teaching hospitals. Results: Of 426 surveys distributed, 343 were returned, for an overall response rate of 80.5%. The mean age of respondents was 38.5 years (standard deviation = 8.3), 74.3% were female, and 86.6% were non-smokers. The overall vaccination rate was 37.0% (95% confidence interval, 31.9%–42.4%). Vaccination rates were 45.9% for respiratory therapists, 35.3% for emergency physicians and residents, 34.5% for nurses and 27.1% for other allied health care workers (p = 0.083). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥41 and a chronic medical condition were positively associated with influenza vaccination (p &lt; 0.05). Close to one-third of respondents (28.3%) believed that adverse affects were common, 51.6% believed vaccination was effective, 52% would support a program to improve vaccination rates among emergency department staff, and 24.4% would support mandatory vaccination for this population. Only 26.8% believed that patients were at increased risk of contracting influenza from emergency department staff, but 58.3% perceived that emergency department staff were at increased risk of contracting influenza through exposure to patients. Conclusions: In this study, only 37% of emergency department health care workers were immunized against influenza, with chronic illness and older age being the only 2 significant correlates. Strategies to improve emergency department health care worker attitudes toward influenza vaccination for themselves and to increase vaccination rates for this population should be developed.
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Maurer, Jürgen, Katharine M. Harris, Carla L. Black, and Gary L. Euler. "Support for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Requirements among US Healthcare Personnel." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 33, no. 3 (2012): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664056.
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Objective.To measure support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements among US healthcare personnel (HCP) and its associations with attitudes regarding influenza and influenza vaccination and self-reported coverage by existing vaccination requirements.Design.Between lune 1 and June 30, 2010, we surveyed a sample of US HCP (n = 1,664) recruited using an existing probability-based online research panel of participants representing the US general population as a sampling frame.Setting.General community.Participants.Eligible HCP who (1) reported having worked as medical doctors, health technologists, healthcare support staff, or other health practitioners or who (2) reported having worked in hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, long-term care facilities, or other health-related settings.Methods.We analyzed support for seasonal influenza vaccination requirements for HCP using proportion estimation and multivariable probit models.Results.A total of 57.4% (95% confidence interval, 53.3%–61.5%) of US HCP agreed that HCP should be required to be vaccinated for seasonal influenza. Support for mandatory vaccination was statistically significantly higher among HCP who were subject to employer-based influenza vaccination requirements, who considered influenza to be a serious disease, and who agreed that influenza vaccine was safe and effective.Conclusions.A majority of HCP support influenza vaccination requirements. Moreover, providing HCP with information about the safety of influenza vaccination and communicating that immunization of HCP is a patient safety issue may be important for generating staff support for influenza vaccination requirements.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):213-221
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Kishi, Yasuhiro, Kotaro Otsuka, Keiko Akiyama, et al. "Effects of a Training Workshop on Suicide Prevention Among Emergency Room Nurses." Crisis 35, no. 5 (2014): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000268.
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Background: Suicide attempts are frequently encountered by emergency department nurses. Such encounters can potentially provide a foundation for secondary suicide prevention. Aims: The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of a 7-hr training program for emergency room nursing personnel in Japan. Method: In all, 52 nurses completed the questionnaires before the workshop and 1 month after the workshop. The nurses’ understanding of and willingness to care for suicidal patients positively changed. Results: It is feasible to provide a 7-hr, relatively short, workshop on suicidal prevention aimed at emergency medical staff and to improve attitudes during a follow-up of 1 month. Conclusion: It is uncertain whether the positive attitudes of emergency nurses toward suicide and/or educational interventions could impact the outcomes of these interventions. Further studies are needed to address these important questions in this field.