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LYMAR, Lesia. "Shaping English language academic communicative competence of Doctors of Philosophy in healthcare by distance training methods: review of the problem studies." EUROPEAN HUMANITIES STUDIES: State and Society, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/ehs-ss.2022.1.09.
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The article deals with the analysis of basic studies dedicated to shaping the English language academic communicative competence of the future PhDs in “Healthcare” by distance training methods. The author emphasizes insufficient information coverage of the theme, despite its high urgency. The author defines basic directions of studies: studies of training the future medical PhDs and studies of shaping their academic communicative competence. Another classification of the future medical PhDs training can be classified in the following groups: studies of shaping the scientific research competence in future PhDs, Studies of shapingacademic competence in future PhDs, studies of shaping the pedagogical competence in future PhDs and studies of shaping the professional competence in medical PhDs. The studies of shaping the skills of future research are represented by papers by V.Miniajlo, O.M. Spirin, S. Nikolajeva, who emphasize shaping the research skills of future PhDs as the key training component. The authors stress upon the importance of informational education of future PhDs as the basic components of their training. The article describes the studies of shaping the academic competence within training future PhDs (O. Semenog), dwelling on the modernity of the term. The studies of teaching professional specialized and teaching competences by M. Filonenko and I.Panchenko are dedicated to shaping both the academic and teaching skills during the PhDs training. The significance of academic culture shaping, was studies by several scientists, of which the professional training was covered by V.Lekhan, I.Klishch and L.Lymar. Some Russian scientists studied peculiarities of distance training of the aspirants(postgraduate position in Russia), though they neglect and arrogantly treat this type of education. The article separates basic directions of the studies: studies of teaching the PhDs in “Healthcare” and studies of shaping the academic communicative competence of the last. The author stresses upon the necessity of further qualitative studies of the distance training effectiveness regarding the communicative academic foreign language competence of future medical PhDs.
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Kim, Minsu, Taehoon Kim, Sung jae Heo, Seok moon Han, and Jeong hwan Shin. "Working conditions of public health care doctors working in unbridged island of korea." Public Health Affairs 6, no. 1 (2022): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29339/pha.22.3.
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Objective: In this study, we wanted to check working conditions of public health care doctors(PHDs) working in unbridged island of korea.Methods: We made structured Self-administered questionnaire and sent to all of PHDs working in unbridged island and PHDs working in land as a controlled group.Result: 52 PHDs working in unbridged island and 130 PHDs working in land responded to our survey.PHDs working in unbridged island had difficulty using holiday, sick leave, and offical holiday to participate seminar. especially, difficult to use sick leave was statically significant(p<0.001). Almost all of them were working at night to coping with 24hr medical emergency, thus average overtime working hours was 214.8hr. However average overtime pay was 21.3hr and reward was not fully granted to them. Also, reward for COVID-19 related medical work(extracting COVID-19 specimen, medical examination before vaccination, epidemiological survey,prescription) were not fully payed (48.1%)as a wage guidelines given by the government. They suffered comparative deprivation from the other co-workers at same facility ,because of different working condition and duty. To cope with medical emergency, they required additional human resources with higher-level medical facility hotline(40.4%) and specialized medical emergency education(13.5%).Conclusion: A high percentage of PHDs working in unbridged island were first-year(92.5%),general practitioner or intern(69.2%), But they experienced high responsibility, low support and reward system early at their medical facility. So, policy making about appropriate reward and support system must be considered not only for PHDs working in unbridged island but also for primary health care system in korea.
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Peretz, Addie M., Yohannes W. Woldeamanuel, Alan M. Rapoport, and Robert P. Cowan. "Spontaneous extracranial hemorrhagic phenomena in primary headache disorders: A systematic review of published cases." Cephalalgia 36, no. 13 (2016): 1257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102415618951.
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Background Head pain is a cardinal feature of primary headache disorders (PHDs) and is often accompanied by autonomic and vasomotor symptoms and/or signs. Spontaneous extracranial hemorrhagic phenomena (SEHP), including epistaxis, ecchymosis, and hematohidrosis (a disorder of bleeding through sweat glands), are poorly characterized features of PHDs. Aim To critically appraise the association between SEHP and PHDs by systematically reviewing and pooling all reports of SEHP associated with headaches. Methods Advanced searches using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases were carried out for clinical studies by combining the terms “headache AND ecchymosis”, “headache AND epistaxis”, and “headache AND hematohidrosis” spanning all medical literature prior to October 10, 2015. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were applied. Results A total of 105 cases of SEHP associated with PHDs (83% migraine and 17% trigeminal autonomic cephalgias) were identified (median age 27 years, male to female ratio 1:2.3); 63% had epistaxis, 33% ecchymosis, and 4% hematohidrosis. Eighty-three percent of studies applied the International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria. Eighty percent of the reported headaches were episodic and 20% were chronic. Twenty-four percent of studies reported recurrent episodes of SEHP. Conclusions Our results suggest that SEHP may be rare features of PHDs. Future studies would benefit from the systematic characterization of these phenomena.
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Choi, Eunyoung, Hyein Jeong, Harin Kwon, Soobo Shim, Hyelim Lee, and Kyeong Han Kim. "A survey on the perception of the role of public health doctors of Korean medicine due to regional health care gaps." Journal of Korean Medicine 45, no. 3 (2024): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13048/jkm.24047.
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Objectives: This study aims to understand the current state of regional healthcare services and explore the role of public health doctors of Korean medicine (PHDKMs) in addressing healthcare disparities.Methods: An online survey was conducted among 951 PHDKMs registered with the Korean Public Health Korean Medicine Doctors Association from July 15 to July 19, 2024. A total of 266 responses were collected, and after removing 2 insincere responses, 264 responses were used for analysis. The survey included questions on the provision of healthcare services and the role of PHDKMs in local healthcare crisis.Results: Out of 264 responses, 85 community health centers and branches (32.2%) lacked public health doctors (PHDs). The traveling clinics were the most common alternative in these cases. Centers without PHDs received 46 complaints (54.1%) about healthcare gaps, while centers with PHDs received 70 complaints (39.1%), showing statistically significant differences. The most common complaints involved consultation and management of chronic elderly diseases. PHDKMs reported being capable of providing musculoskeletal and internal medicine treatments, but identified a need for improvement in emergency response, basic and inflammatory treatments, consultation and management of chronic elderly diseases, administration of medications, and vaccinations. They expressed a high willingness and perceived capability to perform minor medical tasks.Conclusion: The decline in PHDs is adversely affecting regional healthcare. PHDKMs can help address these gaps through expanded roles and additional training. Policymakers should consider better integrating PHDKMs into the public healthcare system to ensure continuous and comprehensive healthcare services in underserved areas.
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Krishnakumari, Viswanatha, Nandini Rangaraj, and Ramakrishnan Nagaraj. "Antifungal Activities of Human Beta-Defensins HBD-1 to HBD-3 and Their C-Terminal Analogs Phd1 to Phd3." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 1 (2008): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00470-08.
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ABSTRACT The activities of defensins HBD-1, HBD-2, and HBD-3 and their C-terminal analogs Phd1, Phd2, and Phd3 against Candida albicans were investigated. Phd1 to Phd3 showed lower-level activities than HBD-1 to HBD-3, although metabolic inhibitors did not render Phd1 to Phd3 inactive. Their activities were also less salt sensitive than those of HBD-1 to HBD-3. Confocal microscope images indicated that the initial site of action was the fungal membrane.
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Kuchyn, Iurii L., Lesya V. Lymar, and Tetiana V. Kolomiiets. "INDIVIDUAL FACTORS OF MEDICAL PHD STUDENTS’ ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 76, no. 4 (2023): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202304113.
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The aim: The paper is aimed to find correlations between English language communicative academic and medical competence components (theoretical, practical, and individual by certain methods), to improve design of the course “Academic English for PhDs in Medicine”, its methods and strategy. Materials and methods: The study sample includes postgraduate groups studying for PhD in Healthcare, aged 21-59 years, in Bukovinian State Medical University (39 respondents), Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (32 respondents), Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (33 respondents), and Bogomolets National Medical University (318 respondents). The study was held in 2019-2023. We assessed theoretical and practical components using our tests, individual component – psychological methods. The values of three components were transformed into general English communicative academic and medical competence level. The data were treated with SPSS Statistica 18.0, using Spearman correlation significance. Results: We found positive correlation between English communicative competence and communicative tolerance, general communicative skills level, and high or medium communicative control level. Also, positive correlation characterizes interaction as a conflict-resolving strategy and communicative competence. Highly manifested intolerance in communication, predominance of negative mindsets, intolerance to stress negatively affect the level of English communicative academic and professional competence of PhD students. Conclusions: Analysis of the English speaking competence, and its components, showed positive correlation between interaction as a conflict-resolving strategy and English communicative competence of respondents. Regarding the results, the curriculum of the “Academic English for Medical PhDs” should be modified, including interactive methods, case studies, problem solving, and other methods for individual component training.
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TIRABOSCHI, MICHELE. "Industrial Doctorates, apprenticeships for research, on the job training. The Italian case in the international and comparative context." Revista Jurídica de Investigación e Innovación Educativa (REJIE Nueva Época), no. 11 (January 1, 2015): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/rejie.2015.v0i11.7705.
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This pioneering work provides a systemic and comparative analysis of on-the-job training and research in Italy. This is done through an examination of industrial PhDs and apprenticeships for research purposes, which also takes account of the complex relations between businesses, tertiary education, and the labour market. To this end, the paper discusses the relationship between universities and employers, which is usually investigated through a perspective that only considers PhDs’ employability. Although a long-established research strand at both national and supranational level, the author tries to move away from this approach, questioning the effects that these new arrangements might have on productivity and the employers’ innovation capability in Italy. Cooperative research, and industrial and professional doctorates have been extensively covered in international literature. On the contrary, little interest has been shown towards industrial PhDs in Italy, even following the enforcement of Art. 11, par. 2 of Ministerial Decree No. 45 of 8 February 2013. A year since the Decree’s entry into force has elapsed, yet uncertainty still lingers over how to implement these innovative doctoral programmes. Consequently, this analysis sets out to be a first attempt at analyzing industrial PhDs, drawing on a comparison with those countries where they have been in place for a long time. The paper identifies a number of obstacles which act as stumbling blocks to the implementation of on-the -job training in higher education: the absence of placement services in the planning of training schemes and little commitment on the part of industrial relations actors. These shortcomings are the same which hamper the diffusion of apprenticeship schemes –including those for research purposes– which are decisive to fill the void between education and the labour market.
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Lymar, L. V. "GENDER TRAITS OF ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE MEDICAL PHDS." Innovate Pedagogy 2, no. 56 (2023): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2663-6085/2023/56.2.44.
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Bogdanovic, Marija. "Women in education and science." Sociologija 48, no. 4 (2006): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0604327b.
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This paper predominantly analyzes the position that women hold in research institutes in Serbia and at the University of Belgrade. The data were collected in May and June, 2006 from the website of the Ministry of science and environment (related to research institutes in Serbia) and directly from 30 faculties of Belgrade University. Among 162 researchers employed in research institutes, women are equally represented with men, not only in the number of employed persons (49% and 51 %, respectively), but also considering the researchers with PhDs (49% vs. 51%), and without PhDs (48% vs. 51%). Also, in both sexes there are the same number of researchers with PhDs (38%: 39%) and without PhDs around 60 % (62%:61%). In spite of a high level of equality between males and females according to the presented data, only 22 females are directors of research institutes, i.e. 0.69% of researchers with PhDs. During the long history of Belgrade University (founded in 1838), only 31.6% out of 34,237 Masters and PhD diplomas were awarded to women (34% of Masters and only 27.7% of PhDs), which indicates the evident difference between males and females. Today, 58% of students are female and women are in a majority at 50% of the faculties of Belgrade University (at some the proportion of female students is even more than 80%). Also, according to data in 2000, more females (60.2%) than males got their diplomas. According to the teaching positions at Belgrade University some 43.3% are held by women, but among professors only 37.4% are female in comparison to 51% among teaching assistants. There are significant differences between the faculties in this respect: the highest proportion of female professors is found in the group of medical sciences (51.3%), the highest proportion of female assistants is found in the group of social sciences (64%). Females are not represented in leading positions at Belgrade University in spite of their qualifications. The University of Belgrade has had only one women elected as a Rector in its long history. During 2000-2004 there were six women Deans while today there are only three (out of 31 faculties). There is more gender equality in research institutes in Serbia than at Belgrade University. Also, women are seriously underrepresented in leading positions at all the analyzed scientific institutions, in spite of their qualifications. Bearing that in mind, it seems it will take another century for women to achieve an equal position to that of their male counterparts.
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Hobin, Jennifer A., Philip S. Clifford, Ben M. Dunn, Susan Rich, and Louis B. Justement. "Putting PhDs to Work: Career Planning for Today's Scientist." CBE—Life Sciences Education 13, no. 1 (2014): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe-13-04-0085.
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Individual development plans (IDPs) have been promoted nationally as a tool to help research trainees explore career opportunities and set career goals. Despite the interest in IDPs from a policy perspective, there is little information about how they have been used. The authors examined IDP awareness and use, the benefits of creating an IDP, and ways to facilitate its use by administering a survey to current or former postdoctoral researchers via the National Postdoctoral Association (NPA) and University of Alabama at Birmingham email lists; individuals belonging to Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology member societies who mentored postdocs; and postdoctoral administrators at member institutions of the Association of American Medical Colleges and the NPA. Although most postdoctoral administrators (>80%) were familiar with IDPs, less than 50% of postdocs and only 20% of mentors were aware of IDPs. For those postdocs and mentors who reported creating an IDP, the process helped postdocs to identify the skills and abilities necessary for career success and facilitated communication between postdocs and their mentors. Despite the fact that creating an IDP benefits postdocs and mentors, IDP use will likely remain low unless institutions and research mentors encourage trainees to engage in this process.
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Kuchyn, I., and L. Lymar. "DISTANCE LEARNING OF MEDICAL PHDS IN UKRAINE UNDER COVID19 AND WAR WITH RUSSIA: A NEW REALITIES." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 13, no. 2(48) (2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.xiii.2.48.2023.1.
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Introduction. Distance learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020-2021, and the Russian war actions whichstarted in 2022, which we refer to as "training under and after attacks," has had a significant impact on medicalundergraduate and postgraduate training in Ukraine. Despite the challenges posed by these events, the implementationof distance learning for medical PhD students proved to be beneficial for their academic performance, and regarded it asadvantageous.The aim of the research is to explore the peculiarities of distance learning for medical PhD medical students, includingits organization, main advantages, disadvantages, and challenges. The research focused on the experience of distancelearning of medical PhD students, particularly at Bogomolets National Medical University in Ukraine, and some others.Material and methods. To determine the effectiveness of distance learning for future medical PhDs, we analyzed theperformance in the course "Academic and Medical English for Medical PhD Students" of 247 medical PhD students, aged21 to 59, who were enrolled in the course at Kyiv Medical University, Bukovinian State Medical University, ZaporizhzhiaState Medical University, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, during 2021-2022, and BogomoletsNational Medical University, during 2018-2023, as well as the subjective perception of distance learning by medicalPhDs. The scope of the multi-center research was chosen to neutralize factors that may hinder objective research. Theparticipation was voluntary, upon oral consent of the respondents. The results were treated by the Statistica 19.0., and thesignificance was determined using the Wilcoxon and Student's t-tests.The study was conducted within the doctoral research framework of L. Lymar, “Developing English academic competenceof Healthcare PhD students through distance communication”, approved by the Scientific Council of Bogomolets NationalMedical University on 25.11.2021, protocol № 4.Results. The English language communicative competence characteristics of the medical PhD students were analyzed,and it was statistically determined that after distance learning, the overall level of the competence improved by 0.3-0.5points on a 5-point scale. Additionally, medical PhD students expressed positive attitude towards distance learning.The advantages of distance learning of the medical PhD students, based on a 4-year experience, include: time savingsin commuting, absence of classroom space issues, transparency in the implementation of electronic assessment, andincreased opportunities for creativity and collaboration. Under the realities of Ukraine, distance learning limited possibilityof COVID19 infection, and since 2022, mitigated military threats, with the opportunity to study in safe locations, suchas bomb shelters, in a flexible mode. Disadvantages of distance learning for Ukrainian medical PhD students includedependence on the internet connection and electricity supply, and the psychological stress factor, which is not directlyrelated to distance learning, but rather to "learning under and after fire" in Ukraine.Conclusion. Despite the stressful component of distance learning for medical PhDs, its organization using LMS andonline classes has contributed to improved performance indicators and competences, and positive attitude of PhDs todistance learning. The advantages of distance learning include time saving, the absence of classroom space issues, andbroader possibilities offered by educational systems. The disadvantages of distance learning are its dependence on internetand power supply, as well as the psychological unpreparedness of some learners and instructors for distance learning.
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Åstebro, Thomas, Serguey Braguinsky, Pontus Braunerhjelm, and Anders Broström. "Academic Entrepreneurship: The Bayh-Dole Act versus the Professor’s Privilege." ILR Review 72, no. 5 (2018): 1094–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793918819809.
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Is the Bayh-Dole intellectual property regime associated with more and better academic entrepreneurship than the Professor’s Privilege regime? The authors examine data on US PhDs in the natural sciences, engineering, and medical fields who became entrepreneurs in 1993–2006 and compare this to similar data from Sweden. They find that, in both countries, those with an academic background have lower rates of entry into entrepreneurship than do those with a non-academic background. The relative rate of academics starting entrepreneurial firms is slightly lower in the United States than in Sweden. Moreover, the mean economic gains from becoming an entrepreneur are negative, both for PhDs originating in academia and for non-academic settings in both countries. Analysis indicates that selection into entrepreneurship occurs from the lower part of the ability distribution among academics. The results suggest that policies supporting entrepreneurial decisions by younger, tenure-track academics may be more effective than are general incentives to increase academic entrepreneurship.
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Aparicio, Miriam. "University Pathways of Graduate Students: Professionalization, Innovation and Identity. A French-Argentine Comparative Study." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 7, no. 1 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/665nnr29t.
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This article presents findings from two studies carried out with fourth level university students in Argentina, namely Argentine PhDs working at UNCuyo, and with a second group made up of PhDs who are taking part in Professionalization programs (Programs of International Cooperation) in France. This is a comparative study. It is thought that after showing a certain level of excellence and being in contact with other cultures, differences between the groups may exist in terms of perspectives for future work, the role of innovation and competencies to be developed. Various hypotheses were considered. Both studies included common variables related to issues that affect, on the one hand, the effectivity and quality of the University as it relates to the working world and, on the other hand, personal and professional pathways. We focused on Professionalization, Identity and Innovation, variables that involve individuals and contexts interacting with one another. The methodology was quanti-qualitative. Techniques used were semi-structured surveys, interviews and focus groups. The findings show convergences, divergences and silences in the different groups with respect to Innovation, both in its conception and roots and with respect to the future world of work (effects). The findings renew interest in education and employment policies in the face of the demands and changes that the future workplace will require.
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Sadler, Richard Casey, and Kristian Larsen. "Mapping the Way to Good Health: The Interdisciplinary Challenges of Geographers in Medical Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912419.
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Geography has an important role to play in shaping the direction of medical research. In particular, its tools and theory provide essential understanding to the impacts of place on health behaviors and outcomes. Understanding some of its evolution—particularly into the subfield of medical geography—is therefore useful both for geographers and medical researchers. In this paper, we present some of the debates that geographers have grappled with, the growth of GIS (particularly in the context of medical research), some important methodological considerations that geographers help center, and some recommendations for future work at this nexus. Throughout, we speak from the perspective of geographers who have worked nearly exclusively in the health sciences since obtaining our PhDs.
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LYMAR, Lesya. "BASIC CONDITIONS OF THE FUTURE MEDICAL PHDS EFFECTIVE ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT UNDER DISTANCE TRAINING." Humanities science current issues 2, no. 52 (2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/52-2-29.
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Arnold, K., A. Bencard, K. Tybjerg, and L. Whiteley. "Museum as Academy: Research Practices at Copenhagen’s Medical Museion." Garage Journal, no. 03 (September 24, 2021): 52–81. https://doi.org/10.35074/gj.2021.42.68.005.
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Museums have always supported learning and inquiry, but the last twenty years have seen a flourishing of reinvented university museums, following a period of neglect. This paper is grounded in the case of Medical Museion at the University of Copenhagen, which experiments with relations between research and museum practice, and what this can tell us about contemporary knowledge-making in general. We draw on multiple thinkers to build an image of a ‘museum method’ that invites playful circling, imaginative leaps, boundary-crossing, and serendipitous collaborations centered on encounters between objects and diverse visitors. Our case is exemplified through four key aspects of ‘research in public:’ the use of historical collections; bringing PhDs into museum work; contributing to scientific culture; and artist collaborations. Музеи всегда оказывали поддержку образовательным и исследовательским инициативам, но в последние двадцать лет мы наблюдаем расцвет обновленных университетских музеев. В центре внимания статьи — кейс Медицинского музеона в Университете Копенгагена, музея, чьи эксперименты затрагивают отношения между исследованиями и музейной практикой.
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Getu, Ayechew Adera. "Challenges and Opportunities in Teaching and Research in Human Physiology in Ethiopia." Makerere Journal of Higher Education 11, no. 1 (2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v11i1.5.
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The aim of this point of view paper is to discuss the challenges and opportunities in teaching and research in the field of human physiology in Ethiopia. The challenges are seen as low availability of physiology teachers, especially those that have PhDs, low research productivity, absence of grants for basic sciences and brain drain. Opportunity for improvement is seen in the emergency of more medical schools in the country. However, close attention to standards of quality, particularly the provision of the full range of inputs required to support teaching and research, is urged.
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LYMAR, Lesya. "Methods of training the English language communicative academic competence in future medical PHDs by distance teaching." Humanities science current issues, no. 51 (2022): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/51-87.
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Lymar, L. V. "FROM EXPERIENCE OF SHAPING ENGLISH ACADEMIC COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PHDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES BY DISTANCE METHODS." Innovate Pedagogy 2, no. 48 (2022): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-6085/2022/48.2.28.
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Kuchyn, Iurii L., Lesya V. Lymar, Kateryna Yu Bielka, Khrystyna V. Storozhuk, and Tetiana V. Kolomiiets. "New training, new attitudes: non-clinical components in Ukrainian medical PHDs training (regarding critical thinking, academic integrity and artificial intelligence use)." Wiadomości Lekarskie 77, no. 4 (2024): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202404108.
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Aim: The paper studies the attitude to critical thinking, academic integrity and the Artificial Intelligence use of the Ukrainian medical PhD students. Materials and Methods: In 2023, 56 medical PhD students from the Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, underwent the survey. The participation was voluntary, upon the oral consent. The data included in the survey questions include various aspects related to critical thinking, analysis skills, and attitudes towards plagiarism. Results: A significant majority of the medical PhD students (75%) place high importance on critical thinking. While a majority (89.29%) apply analysis and critical thinking skills in their English studies, there’s a notable percentage (7.14%) that is uncertain. Although most are aware of the unacceptability of cheating and plagiarism (75%), a small proportion admit to having plagiarized (12.5%). Only 30.4% of the respondents reported using GPT Chat for study. Responses to witnessing peers plagiarize or using Artificial Intelligence show a varied attitude, with many expressing unwillingness to report such incidents (30.36%). Conclusions: The survey highlights the recognized importance of critical thinking in academic study among medical PhD students, while also points to areas where attitudes and practices regarding these skills could be improved. The study shows a vast area for improvement regarding academic integrity, as almost one-third of respondents need more defined standards. This definitely puts some questions before the present medical postgraduate education, and requires change of the educational paradigm, clear rules of academic conduct, and a system of control.
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Gu, Jingjing, Ruicong Huang, Li Jiang, Gongzhe Qiao, Xiaojiang Du, and Mohsen Guizani. "A Fog Computing Solution for Context-Based Privacy Leakage Detection for Android Healthcare Devices." Sensors 19, no. 5 (2019): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051184.
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Intelligent medical service system integrates wireless internet of things (WIoT), including medical sensors, wireless communications, and middleware techniques, so as to collect and analyze patients’ data to examine their physical conditions by many personal health devices (PHDs) in real time. However, large amount of malicious codes on the Android system can compromise consumers’ privacy, and further threat the hospital management or even the patients’ health. Furthermore, this sensor-rich system keeps generating large amounts of data and saturates the middleware system. To address these challenges, we propose a fog computing security and privacy protection solution. Specifically, first, we design the security and privacy protection framework based on the fog computing to improve tele-health and tele-medicine infrastructure. Then, we propose a context-based privacy leakage detection method based on the combination of dynamic and static information. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher detection accuracy and lower energy consumption compared with other state-of-art methods.
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Ingbar, David, Megan Larson, Michelle Lamere, et al. "186 Augmenting recruitment and training of underrepresented clinical translational science tenure track Faculty." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 9, s1 (2025): 57. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.841.
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Objectives/Goals: The University of Minnesota (UMN) CTSI and Medical School sought to increase the diversity of translational research-intensive faculty by recruiting highly promising new-to-UMN tenure track faculty in the Medical School. Increased resources and career development will increase recruitment and address barriers to their promotion and success. Methods/Study Population: In 2019, the Medical School Dean committed to fund 15 Early Career Research Awards (ECRA) Scholars to recruit outstanding new-to-UMN, tenure track faculty. Supplementing usual departmental recruitment packages, ECRA Scholars receive: 75% salary and fringe benefit support for 3 years; an additional $500,000 of research funds; and augmented mentoring and coaching with required participation in the relevant CTSI career development program. Department Chairs propose meritorious candidates for Review Committee consideration based on the Chair nomination letter, scientific plan, mentoring plan, CV, and additional letters of recommendation. To foster community building, there is an annual mini-retreat for the ECRA Scholars and other underrepresented CTSI Scholars with an external visiting professor. Results/Anticipated Results: Fifteen tenure-track faculty have been recruited as ECRA Scholars since 2019 into 9 different departments. One additional Scholar has been accepted and three have completed the program. Three ECRA Scholars were K awardees at the time of recruitment. The CTSI career development programs utilized were the K Accelerator (10), KL2 Scholar (2), and K-R01 (5) Programs, with 3 involved in two programs. The Scholar degrees include 10 PhDs, 3 MD/PhDs, and 2 MDs, with additional MPH/MS (5), MSW (1), and DPT (1) degrees. ECRA Scholars have been awarded multiple NIH R21, Foundation, and internal grants currently under review include Ks and R01s with 5 additional K, 2 new R01, and 1 revised R01 submissions planned for the 2024–2025 academic year. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The ECRA program has successfully augmented recruitment of outstanding underrepresented research-oriented early-stage faculty to the University of Minnesota School of Medicine, contributing to many Departments. The CTSI has provided career development, networking, and a broader community of Scholars, with increased diversity in CTSI programs.
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Poblete, Josept Mari S., Megan N. Ballinger, Shengying Bao та ін. "Macrophage HIF-1α mediates obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction via interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 318, № 5 (2020): E689—E700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00174.2019.
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Hypoxia leading to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) serves as an early upstream initiator for adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction. Monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration in AT contributes to inflammation, fibrosis and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. It was previously reported that myeloid cell-specific deletion of Hif-1α protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced AT dysfunction. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are key regulators of HIF-1α. We examined the effects of myeloid cell-specific upregulation and stabilization of Hif-1α via deletion of prolyl-hydroxylase 2 ( Phd2) and whether interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-M ( Irak-M), a known downstream target of Hif-1α, contributes to Hif-1α-induced AT dysfunction. Our data show that with HFD, Hif-1α and Irak-M expressions were increased in the AT macrophages of Phd2flox/flox/ LysMcre mice compared with LysMcre mice. With HFD, Phd2flox/flox/ LysMcre mice exhibited increased AT inflammation, fibrosis, and systemic insulin resistance compared with control mice. Furthermore, Phd2flox/flox/ LysMcre mice bone marrow-derived macrophages exposed to hypoxia in vitro also had increased expressions of both Hif-1α and Irak-M. In wild-type mice, HFD induced upregulation of both HIF-1a and Irak-M in adipose tissue. Despite equivalent expression of Hif-1α compared with wild-type mice, globally-deficient Irak-M mice fed a HFD exhibited less macrophage infiltration, decreased inflammation and fibrosis and improved glucose tolerance. Global Irak-M deficiency was associated with an alternatively-activated macrophage phenotype in the AT after HFD. Together, these data show for the first time that an Irak-M-dependent mechanism likely mediates obesity-related AT dysfunction in conjunction with Hif-1α upregulation.
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LYMAR, Lesya. "On experience of introducing course “Academic English” for future medical PhDs in order to develop English academic and professional communicative competence." Humanities science current issues 2, no. 48 (2022): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/48-2-27.
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Rakhmanova, A. G., and E. B. Yastrebova. "Educational process management in HIV medicine in Saint Petersburg." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 5 (2014): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2227.
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The stages of the Department of socially significant infections formation, starting from the training course for laboratory diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Department of Infectious Diseases, scientific, educational and practical association «AIDS and AIDS-defining illnesses» at the Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (nowadays - Northwest Medical University), approved by the order of Healthcare ministry of USSR №467 in 1987, which in 1992 came under the jurisdiction of Russia, headed by Professor A.G. Rakhmanova, up to creating the Department of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. In the late 90s and early this century, Department of Infectious Diseases with the course of the AIDS laboratory diagnosis was virtually the only one in the country for training on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, its laboratory diagnostics and other related diseases. As a result of scientific, educational and practical association «AIDS and AIDS-defining illness» activity, for over 20 years scientific staff was trained on HIV Medicine and associated socially significant infections. As a part of that effort, more than 25 doctors of science and 60 PhDs who are currently teaching HIV medicine and associated co-infections: chronic viral hepatitides, tuberculosis, herpes and other diseases in Russia and countries of the former post-Soviet space, were trained. The next step was the establishment of «HIV Medicine» course in 2009 in the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, and later in 2013 - creation of an independent Department of socially significant diseases.
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Cárdenas de Baños, Lissette, Rossana Planas Labrada, Niurka de la C. Almaguer Fernández, María Teresa Dieguez Calderón, and Sergio González-García. "Postgraduate training at the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana." Data and Metadata 2 (October 29, 2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/dm202358.
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Introduction. It is an essential requirement during the teaching process in the postgraduate the continuous scientific updating of the faculty members, both from the thematic and pedagogical point of view. Teachers must have skills to transmit their knowledge to students. The faculty is essential to achieve quality in postgraduate teaching. Objective. To characterize the postgraduate training of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Methods. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, where the specialties, settings and faculty of each of the medical schools and postgraduate training centers of the university were described during the year 2021. The primary source for data collection was the databases of the Postgraduate Department of the UCMH. Results. The study included 11 faculties of Medical Sciences and 4 Postgraduate Centers, with 265 accredited scenarios and training in 69 specialties. In the year 2021, of 6 108 teachers, only 6.4% are consultants, 7.1% are associate profesor and 31.9% assistants. 18.9% of the teachers have a research category and 8.5% are doctors of science (PhD). The tutor/resident ratio was 0.69. The distribution of teachers with higher categories, PhDs in science and teachers with research category shows great variability, depending on the postgraduate training center. Conclusions. During the year 2021, postgraduate training at the UCMH was characterized by its heterogeneity, with 69 specialties, several training centers; where the quality of the faculty depends on the training scenario.
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Lysanets, Yu V., O. M. Bieliaieva, L. B. Slipchenko, and H. Yu Morokhovets. "THE FOCUS ON CONSECUTIVE VERB CONSTRUCTIONS IN MEDICAL ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES." Medical and Ecological Problems 24, no. 1-2 (2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/mep.2020.24.1-2.04.
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The English language training of researchers and teaching staff at medical universities has become a priority task in higher medical education. Catenative verbs constitute one of the most challenging aspects in learning English as a second language. The article examines the features of catenative verbs while teaching the course in professional English for PhD students and academic staff at higher medical educational institutions. The aim of the study was to examine and systematize the most common challenges in using consecutive verbs in medical English. The authors developed their own concept of presenting the training material, and the proposed approach was tested in the development of the textbook “Medical English for Academic Purposes” (2018), which was written in the context of current trends in internationalised higher education, involving the training of specialists who will work in the modern English language educational and scientific environment. The ability to use catenative verbs correctly is an essential prerequisite of successful communication, intercultural reciprocal understanding and international cooperation in the context of rapid development of integration in Ukraine, which renders the present research relevant. A series of training exercises were presented, aimed at clarifying the lexical peculiarities of modern English. The most commonly used consecutive verbs, their significance and contextual role in professional communication have been analyzed. The proposed system of didactic materials is intended to support courses in professional English for PhD students and academic staff at higher medical educational institutions. The study of consecutive verbs is important to eliminate possible mistakes and avoid misunderstanding in medical communication. The authors believe that the professional development of PhDs and academic and clinical teachers of English-speaking medical students will promote academic mobility, scientific cooperation and the training of foreign students to international standards, and thus contribute to the development of higher medical education in Ukraine.
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Birgand, Gabriel, Rachael Troughton, Luke S. P. Moore, et al. "Blogging in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology: Assessment of ‘Blogosphere’ Content." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 7 (2017): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.69.
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OBJECTIVETo analyze influential infectious diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, or medical microbiology blogs and bloggersSETTINGWorld wide webDESIGNWe conducted a systematic search for blogs in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in September 2015.METHODSA snowball sampling approach was applied to identify blogs using various search engines. Blogs were eligible if they (1) focused on infectious diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, or medical microbiology; (2) were intended for health professionals; and (3) were written in English and (4) were updated regularly. We mapped blog and blogger characteristics and used an innovative tool to assess the architecture and content of the included blogs. The motivations and perceptions of bloggers and readers were also assessed.RESULTSA total of 88 blogs were identified. Moreover, 28 blogs (32%) focused on infectious diseases, 46 (52%) focused on medical microbiology, and 14 (16%) focused on infection control or antimicrobial stewardship. Bloggers were mainly male with medical doctorates and/or PhDs; 32 bloggers (36%) posted at least weekly; and 51 (58%) had a research purpose. The aims were considered clear for 23 blogs (26%), and the field covered was considered broad for 25 blogs (28%). Presentation was considered good for 22 blogs (25%), 51 blogs (58%) were easy to read, and 46 blogs (52%) included expert interpretation. Among the top 10 blogs, 3 focused on infectious diseases, 6 focused on medical microbiology, and 2 focused on infection control (2 were equally ranked). The bloggers we questioned were motivated to share their independent expertise and opinions. Readers appreciated the concise messages on scientific topics and practical updates.CONCLUSIONSThis study describes high-level blogs in the fields of infectious diseases, infection control, and medical microbiology. Our findings suggest ways in which bloggers should build/orientate blogs for readers, and we have highlighted current gaps in blog topics such as antimicrobial stewardship.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol2017;38:832–839
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El-Guebaly, Nady, and Mark Atkinson. "Research Training and Productivity among Faculty: The Canadian Association of Professors of Psychiatry and the Canadian Psychiatric Association Survey." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (1996): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100303.
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Objective: This survey assesses the research training and productivity of academic faculty in Canadian departments of psychiatry and compares the findings with those of colleagues in the United States. Method: A questionnaire was adapted to suit the Canadian milieu and was distributed to a target population of 2484, including a core 522 full-time faculty. Results: The response rate among full-time faculty was 65%, but only 26.5% for clinical and adjunct faculty. A small proportion (16%) of our MD and a greater proportion (57%) of our PhD respondents were included in a fairly lenient definition of researcher. Departments seek to recruit PhDs with an active involvement in research. Overall there appear to be more similarities than differences in research interests with our colleagues in the United States. The pharmaceutical industry was the most frequently mentioned source of research funding for MDs, while the availability of a mentor was perceived as the most influential factor determining the choice of a research career. Conclusions: Recommendations include adequate exposure to research during medical school and residency as well as appropriate inducements for the recruitment and retention of practising researchers.
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Nadeem, Amina, and Rahila Yasmeen. "The kaleidoscope of the glass ceiling: experiences of Pakistani female doctors – a qualitative narrative inquiry." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 3 (2023): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.6436.
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Objective: To explore the extent and factors leading to the glass ceiling for Pakistani female doctors in leadership positions. Method: The qualitative narrative study was conducted the Department of Medical Education, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan from March to July 2021, and comprised female doctors with 10-15 years of professional experience who were either currently at top leadership position or had retired from such a position in public and private medical clinical setups and medical colleges. Data was collected using in-depth interviews conducted through Zoom due to the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. The transcribed data was processed using ATLAS.ti.9 software for thematic analysis with an inductive approach. Results: Of the 9 subjects aged 47-72 years having professional experience of 11-39 years, 4(44.4%) were clinicians, 3(33.3%) had basic medical science background and 2(22.2%) were health profession educationists. In terms of qualifications, 4(44.4%) were PhDs, 4(44.4%) were Fellows of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan, and 1(11.1%) had an M. Phil. Besides, 4(44.4%) subjects were from the public sector, and 5(55.5%) from the private sector, 1(11.1%) had retired from service. The extent of experiencing the glass ceiling was common to all but 1(11.1%) participant. Factors identified included ‘institutional challenges’, ‘family support issues’, ‘personal challenges’ and ‘societal unacceptance’. Detailed analysis revealed that women in leadership positions faced ‘malintent of seniors’, ‘discrimination’, ‘stereotyping’, ‘lack of mentors’ and ‘ethnic background conditioning’ at the institutional level. On the personal front, they faced ‘lack of support of in-laws’, ‘insecurity of husbands’, ‘need of personal attributes’ and ‘beauty as a barrier’. Conclusion: The glass ceiling was found to be a challenge faced by Pakistani female doctors in leadership positions in both clinical settings and academia. Key Words: Glass ceiling, Leadership positions, Health profession.
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Lysanets, Yu, O. Bieliaieva, T. Purdenko, L. Ostrovska, and H. Morokhovets. "HEDGING STRATEGIES IN THE ENGLISH ACADEMIC DISCOURSE." Medical and Ecological Problems 24, no. 5-6 (2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/mep.2020.24.5-6.08.
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The article considers the communicative status of hedging in different genres of the English academic discourse. As a linguistic phenomenon, hedging is associated with the choice of a particular communication strategy, usually aimed at reducing the categorical nature of expressions. Hedging allows authors to limit the degree of reliability or validity of the judgment, to take off responsibility for accuracy of information in a statement, and to avoid critical interpretation. The English language training of researchers and teaching staff at medical universities has become a priority task in higher medical education. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine and systematize the most common challenges in dealing with hedging linguistic constructions in the English academic discourse. The ability to understand and use hedging phrases correctly is an essential prerequisite of successful communication, intercultural reciprocal understanding and international cooperation in the context of rapid development of integration in Ukraine, which renders the present research relevant. The most commonly used hedging constructions, their significance and contextual role in professional communication have been analyzed. The authors have studied the linguistic features of hedging markers, and the functions of hedging constructions depending on the addresser’s intentions. The material of the research is the corpus of research articles and case reports obtained by the method of continuous sampling from the electronic database of medical publications “PubMed”. The analysis of hedging strategies is important to eliminate possible mistakes and avoid misunderstanding in medical communication. The study of the functional implementation of hedging on the basis of certain academic genres of the English medical discourse specifies the "doctor – patient" communicative situation, motivates the communicative behavior of narrative figures, and optimizes international professional communication. The authors believe that paying due attention to this linguistic phenomenon within the framework of the training PhDs and academic staff will promote scientific cooperation, thus contributing to the development of higher medical education in Ukraine.
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Freel, Stephanie A., Michael Gunn, Andrew Alspaugh, et al. "3292 Duke Integrated Physician-Scientist Development." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (2019): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.158.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: 1.Identify barriers to pursuing research for physician trainees 2.Develop a sustainable pipeline of physician-scientists at Duke 3.Coordinate physician-scientist development programs across the School of Medicine under one central Office 4.Provide infrastructure and resources for all physician-scientists 5.Increase the number of MDs and MD/PhDs who pursue, succeed, and are retained in research METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To establish a baseline understanding of the needs and concerns of physician-scientist trainees at Duke, we conducted focus groups using a standardized interview guide and thematic analysis. Findings from these focus groups were used to develop a framework for support, leading to the creation of the Office of Physician-Scientist Development (OPSD) housed centrally within the Duke School of Medicine. The OPSD integrates programs and resources for multiple populations including medical students, residents, fellows, junior faculty, and faculty mentors. Pipeline programs will also be developed to enhance research engagement in targeted student populations prior to medical school. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 45 students and faculty participated in the focus groups and structured interviews (1st year medical student, n=11; 4th year medical students, n=11; residents/fellows, n=13; junior faculty, n=11). While participants raised a number of specific issues, one key message emerged: non-PhD MDs in basic research felt they lacked opportunities for directed training. Moreover, they felt the need to teach themselves many critical skills through trial and error. This has led to perceptions that they cannot compete effectively with PhDs and MD-PhD scientists for research funding and positions. Consensus recommendations included: better guidance in choosing mentors, labs, and projects; central resource for information relevant to physician scientists; training specifically tailored to physician scientists conducting laboratory-based research; improved infrastructure and well-defined training pathways; and assistance with grant preparation. To-date, over 90 students, residents, and fellows have been identified who identify as laboratory-based physician scientists. Additional efforts are underway to identify and characterize the broader range of physician-scientist students and trainees at Duke. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our planning study revealed specific steps forward toward developing a robust community of physician-scientists at Duke. As a first step, the Dean of the School of Medicine has appointed an Associate Dean of Physician-Scientist Development to oversee a new Office of Physician-Scientist Development (OPSD) being launched in December of 2018. The OPSD will offer four primary programs. 1) A concierge mentoring program will assist new trainees in identifying research areas of interest and mentors. Trainees will receive periodic contact to provide additional support as needed and promote success. 2) A physician-scientist training program is being created to provide training specific to laboratory research skills as well as career and professional development training to complement existing clinical and translational research programs. 3) Integrated training pathways will provide additional mentored research training for those pursuing research careers. Pathways will capitalize on existing resources from R38 programs, while pursuing additional R38 and R25 support. 4) An MD-Scientist funding program has been developed to provide additional research funding and protected time for students pursuing a second research year. Through the support and programming offered by the OPSD, we anticipate decreased perceptions of barriers to pursuing a physician-scientist career and increased satisfaction with training opportunities. Over time, we expect such support to increase the number of MD students pursuing research as a career and the number of residents, fellows, and MD junior faculty remaining in research careers.
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Sarma, Gopal P., Allan Levey, and Victor Faundez. "Re-examining physician-scientist training through the prism of the discovery-invention cycle." F1000Research 8 (December 19, 2019): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21448.1.
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The training of physician-scientists lies at the heart of future medical research. In this commentary, we apply Narayanamurti and Odumosu’s framework of the “discovery-invention cycle” to analyze the structure and outcomes of the integrated MD/PhD program. We argue that the linear model of “bench-to-bedside” research, which is also reflected in the present training of MD/PhDs, merits continual re-evaluation to capitalize on the richness of opportunities arising in clinical medicine. In addition to measuring objective career outcomes, as existing research has done, we suggest that detailed characterization of researchers’ efforts using both qualitative and quantitative techniques is necessary to understand if dual-degree training is being utilized. As an example, we propose that the application of machine learning and data science to corpora of biomedical literature and anonymized clinical data might allow us to see if there are objective “signatures” of research uniquely enabled by MD/PhD training. We close by proposing several hypotheses for shaping physician-scientist training, the relative merits of which could be assessed using the techniques proposed above. Our overarching message is the importance of deeply understanding individual career trajectories as well as characterizing organizational details and cultural nuances to drive new policy which shapes the future of the physician-scientist workforce.
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Nguyen, Duong, Ashley R. Selby, and Ronald G. Hall. "How Well Are Pharmacists Represented in National Institutes of Health R01 Funding to United States Schools of Pharmacy?" Pharmacy 10, no. 6 (2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10060165.
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Pharmacists are essential healthcare providers but historically are not well represented as principal investigators (PIs) of R01 grants by the United States (US) National Institutes of Health (NIH). Pharmacy organizations have taken steps to provide pharmacists with research training to improve their chances of achieving PI status. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the NIH RePORTER website about R01 grants awarded to PIs affiliated with US Schools of Pharmacy (SOPs) for the fiscal years 2005–2019. Information regarding professional degrees was supplemented using data from the PIs’ institutional website profiles and other internet-based sources. Only doctorate degrees obtained within the US were included for clinically related degrees. Data regarding more than one year of funding for the same project, equipment supplements, and diversity supplements were excluded to focus on unique projects in year one of funding. PhDs were the primary unique PIs of R01 grants at US SOPs (>90%). Pharmacist representation as unique PIs increased over the 15 years but was still only 10.1% for the years 2015–2019. There was a higher percentage of female pharmacists as unique PIs than female non-pharmacists. Pharmacists are currently underrepresented as unique PIs for NIH R01 grants. This conclusion is limited by not knowing how many pharmacist R01 applications were submitted.
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Yarmoshuk, Aaron N., Pierre Abomo, Niamh Fitzgerald, et al. "A mapping of health education institutions and programs in the WHO African Region." AAS Open Research 4 (December 14, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13320.1.
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Background: Information on health education institutions is required for planning, implementing and monitoring human resources for health strategies. Details on the number, type and distribution of medical and health science programs offered by African higher education institutions remains scattered. Methods: We merged and updated datasets of health professional and post-graduate programs to develop a mapping of health education institutions covering the World Health Organization African Region as of 2021. Results: Nine hundred and nine (909) institutions were identified in the 47 countries. Together they offered 1,157 health professional programs (235 medicine, 718 nursing, 77 public health and 146 pharmacy) and 1,674 post-graduate programs (42 certificates, 1,152 Master’s and 480 PhDs). Regionally, East Africa had the most countries with multiple academic health science centres - institutions offering medical degrees and at least one other health professional program. Among countries, South Africa had the most institutions and post-graduate programs with 182 and 596, respectfully. A further five countries had between 53-105 institutions, 12 countries had between 10 and 37 institutions, and 28 countries had between one and eight institutions. One country had no institution. Countries with the largest populations and gross domestic products had significantly more health education institutions and produced more scientific research (ANOVA testing). Discussion: We envision an online database being made available in a visually attractive, user-friendly, open access format that nationally, registered institutions can add to and update. This would serve the needs of trainees, administrators, planners and researchers alike and support the World Health Organization’s Global strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030.
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Amirov, A. N., Ya M. Vurgaft, and R. N. Tokinova. "Life journey and scientific heritage of professor M.B. Vurgaft (to the 100th anniversary)." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 1 (2014): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1475.
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In 2013 it is 100th birthday anniversary of M.B. Vurgaft - world known scientist, one of the founders of the aqueous humour production and drainage examination by compression tests and tonometry in a normal eye and in glaucoma patients. Moisey Bencionovich Vurgaft, professor, PhD, headed the department of ophthalmology of Kazan State Institution for Post-Graduate Medical Education, later renamed to Kazan State Medical Academy. The student of outstanding scientists - academician V.P. Filatov and professor S.F. Kalf, M.B. Vurgaft has devoted all his life to studying one of the leading problems of ophthalmology - glaucoma. He was the first in The Soviet Union who has started to study the eye fluid flow, and developed original and easily assessable study methods that are still important nowadays. A new direction of scientific research of the department targeted on glaucoma studies was formed under the guidance of M.B. Vurgaft. Moisey Bencionovich had always tried to link the scientific research with the needs of healthcare practice. He was an outstanding diagnostician, clinician and ophthalmic surgeon. Professor M.B. Vurgaft had always shared his experience and had mentored a number of outgoing students, who are currently working all over the country. He is the author of over 140 academic papers, 6 textbooks, several patents covering various questions of ophthalmology. Using the scientific data, originally gained by M.B. Vurgaft, 16 master and 6 doctoral degrees (PhDs) were completed in different institutions of CIS, Bulgaria and Hungary. During 13 years he was an eternal head of the Tatarstan Scientific Society of Ophthalmologists, an honoured member of All-Russia and Soviet Union Scientific Society of Ophthalmologists, member of the expert board of the Central (awarded with the order of Lenin) Institution for Post-Graduate Medical Education of the responsible for the development of post-graduate educational programs in ophthalmology, member of the of surgical faculty of Kazan State Institution for Post-Graduate Medical Education.
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Emala, Charles W., Vivianne L. Tawfik, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, et al. "The Anesthesiology Physician-Scientist Pipeline: Current Status and Recommendations for Future Growth—An Initiative of the Anesthesia Research Council." Anesthesia & Analgesia 137, no. 4 (2023): 728–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000006520.
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The limited number and diversity of resident physicians pursuing careers as physician-scientists in medicine has been a concern for many decades. The Anesthesia Research Council aimed to address the status of the anesthesiology physician-scientist pipeline, benchmarked against other medical specialties, and to develop strategic recommendations to sustain and expand the number and diversity of anesthesiology physician-scientists. The working group analyzed data from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the National Resident Matching Program to characterize the diversity and number of research-oriented residents from US and international allopathic medical schools entering 11 medical specialties from 2009 to 2019. Two surveys were developed to assess the research culture of anesthesiology departments. National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding information awarded to anesthesiology physician-scientists and departments was collected from NIH RePORTER and the Blue Ridge Medical Institute. Anesthesiology ranked eighth to tenth place of 11 medical specialties in the percent of “research-oriented” entering residents, defined as those with advanced degrees (Master’s or PhDs) in addition to the MD degree or having published at least 3 research publications before residency. Anesthesiology ranked eighth of 11 specialties in the percent of entering residents who were women but ranked fourth of 11 specialties in the percent of entering residents who self-identified as belonging to an underrepresented group in medicine. There has been a 72% increase in both the total NIH funding awarded to anesthesiology departments and the number of NIH K-series mentored training grants (eg, K08 and K23) awarded to anesthesiology physician-scientists between 2015 and 2020. Recommendations for expanding the size and diversity of the anesthesiology physician-scientist pipeline included (1) developing strategies to increase the number of research intensive anesthesiology departments; (2) unifying the diverse programs among academic anesthesiology foundations and societies that seek to grow research in the specialty; (3) adjusting American Society of Anesthesiologists metrics of success to include the number of anesthesiology physician-scientists with extramural research support; (4) increasing the number of mentored awards from Foundation of Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) and International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS); (5) supporting an organized and concerted effort to inform research-oriented medical students of the diverse research opportunities within anesthesiology should include the specialty being represented at the annual meetings of Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) students and the American Physician Scientist Association, as well as in institutional MSTP programs. The medical specialty of anesthesiology is defined by new discoveries and contributions to perioperative medicine which will only be sustained by a robust pipeline of anesthesiology physician-scientists.
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Al-Khairy, Dina, Weiqi Fu, Amnah Salem Alzahmi, et al. "Closing the Gap between Bio-Based and Petroleum-Based Plastic through Bioengineering." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (2022): 2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122320.
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Bioplastics, which are plastic materials produced from renewable bio-based feedstocks, have been investigated for their potential as an attractive alternative to petroleum-based plastics. Despite the harmful effects of plastic accumulation in the environment, bioplastic production is still underdeveloped. Recent advances in strain development, genome sequencing, and editing technologies have accelerated research efforts toward bioplastic production and helped to advance its goal of replacing conventional plastics. In this review, we highlight bioengineering approaches, new advancements, and related challenges in the bioproduction and biodegradation of plastics. We cover different types of polymers, including polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs and PHBs) produced by bacterial, microalgal, and plant species naturally as well as through genetic engineering. Moreover, we provide detailed information on pathways that produce PHAs and PHBs in bacteria. Lastly, we present the prospect of using large-scale genome engineering to enhance strains and develop microalgae as a sustainable production platform.
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Asikainen, Tiina M., Nahid S. Waleh, Barbara K. Schneider, Ronald I. Clyman, and Carl W. White. "Enhancement of angiogenic effectors through hypoxia-inducible factor in preterm primate lung in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 291, no. 4 (2006): L588—L595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00098.2006.
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Development of lung microvasculature is critical for distal airway formation. Both processes are arrested in the lungs of preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic form of lung disease. We hypothesized that activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) augments lung vascular development. Pulmonary angiogenic factors were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry in preterm baboons (125 days + 14 days pro re nata O2 model) treated for 14 days with intravenous FG-4095, an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins (PHDs) that initiates HIF degradation. HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, mRNA and protein were increased (8- and 3-fold, respectively) in FG-4095-treated baboons relative to untreated controls. Expression of PHD-1, -2, and -3 was unchanged. Of note, mRNA and/or protein for platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased by FG-4095. Moreover, PECAM-1-expressing capillary endothelial cells detected by immunohistochemistry were augmented in FG-4095-treated baboons to levels comparable to those in fetal age-matched controls. Alveolar septal cell expression of Ki67, a proliferative marker, and VEGF were similar in untreated controls and FG-4095-treated neonates. These results indicate that HIF stimulation by PHD inhibition enhances lung angiogenesis in the primate model of BPD.
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Eisa, Nehal Mohamed, Mohamed A. M. El-Tabakh, Nourhan M. Kamal, et al. "Burnout syndrome and healthy lifestyle among Egyptian physicians: A cross-sectional study." PLOS One 20, no. 4 (2025): e0320146. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320146.
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Introduction The phenomenon of burnout and the lifestyle of physicians significantly influence the delivery of healthcare. Over time, burnout intensifies, negatively impacting professional performance, which in turn leads to decreased quality of treatment, patient satisfaction, and productivity. Additionally, it increases the occurrence of medical mistakes and turnover among physicians. In addition to the direct influence of lifestyle on those components. Aim of the study The purpose of this study is to assess burnout syndrome among Egyptian physicians, as well as to investigate factors that contribute to burnout, especially demographic characteristics, lifestyle patterns, and health habits. Methods A cross-sectional study examined burnout prevalence and determinants among 502 Egyptian physicians in different governorates. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Questionnaire covered socio-demographics, The abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI), and The Health Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ). Results Younger physicians under 30 showed higher burnout on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scales, with significant findings (P = 0.047), (P < 0.01) respectively. Male physicians showed stronger depersonalization than females (P < 0.01). Burnout was higher among residents and fellowship trainees, with significant differences in depersonalization (P = 0.021). PhDs showed decreased burnout with significant outcomes (P = 0.002). Longer-working doctors had increased burnout in depersonalization (P = 0.005). Single doctors were more depersonalized than married ones (P = 0.025). Depersonalization was higher in childless people (P = 0.002). However, non-chronic illness physicians were more emotionally exhausted (P = 0.042). Conclusion These findings highlight the intricate relationship between burnout and lifestyle among physicians. A healthy lifestyle, including diet, routines, social support, and physical activity was linked to reduced burnout, while dietary harm avoidance was negatively correlated. This suggests opportunities to enhance the well-being of medical professionals through lifestyle interventions.
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Cardoso, C. A. F., and E. Kurtenbach. "What is alcoholic fermentation? A study about the alcoholic fermentation conception through the history." Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica 2, no. 2 (2004): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.16923/reb.v2i2.141.
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This work shows the historical development of the alcoholic fermentation conception, based on expe-rimental results obtained from European scientists, from Renascence to the beginning of 20th century(1930). From this, ve concepts were identied for the phenomenon: putrefactive, spiritual, chemical,biological and biochemical. The current conception of alcoholic fermentation was also evaluated. Forthis proposal, three groups of teachers were interviewed through the question? What is alcoholicfermentation? The P group (pilot, n=12) made of professionals that teach on secondary and highschools, group A composed of PhDs from the Center of Technology Education - NUTES (n=9) andgroup B from Department of Medical Biochemistry (called group B, n=41) both of Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Key words associated with the fermentative process were identiedidentify in the interviewees answers. The group A components mentioned only six key words andpointed out the alcoholic fermentation products. Dierently, subjects from P and B groups cited ahigher number and also more unusual key words (n = 9 and 12, respectively). We also analyzedtheir answers throughout fermentative descriptive words (sugar, alcohol, carbon dioxide, anaerobic,yeast and ATP). These words were established after an evaluation of alcoholic fermentation conceptstated in the Biology/Biochemistry books most adopted in high schools and Universities. Our analysisshowed that group A used only three descriptive words (sugar, alcohol and yeast) while componentsof group B used all the selected descriptive words. However, only one interviewee used all the sixwords together. From this analysis, we proposed that the chemical concept of alcoholic fermentationprevailed on the other concepts found on the historical research (spiritual, putrefactive, biological ebiochemical).
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Holysh, H. M., and N. P. Chernenko. "Lyzohub V. S.–of the 75-Years from Birthday." CHERKASY UNIVERSITY BULLETIN: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 2 (2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31651/2076-5835-2018-1-2021-2-4-11.
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Lyzohub V. S. –Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor,Director of the Institute of Physiology named after Mikhail Bosey.November 7, 1946 –was born, Cherkasy, Ukrainian.1969 –graduatedfrom Cherkasy State Pedagogical Institute, Physical Education. Professor Lyzohub V. has been working at Cherkasy National University as a lecturer, associate professor, dean, professor, head of the department of anatomy and physiology of humans and animals, director of the Institute of Physiology named after M. Bosey since 1972.His scientific school has 15candidates of sciences (Phds), which are prepared through postgraduate studies. Lyzohub Volodymyr is one of the authors of the new scientific direction of the physiology of neurodynamic brain functions. The problem developed by teachers and post-graduate students under his leadership is marked by urgency and scientific novelty, which has practical value.The obtained scientific results, created new methods and software of research are the basis for manufacturing of a series of devices “Diagnost”. Devices are implemented in the educational and scientific process and are used in higher educational establishments of the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences.Lyzohub V. is the initiator and organizer of 10 international conferences and symposiums. He is a member of the Scientific and Methodological Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, specialized academic councils for the protection of dissertations and editions of scientific journals and collections, member of the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine.Одержано редакцією:20.10.21Прийнято до публікації:13.12.21
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Annesley, Thomas M. "Gender Authorship in the Field of Clinical Chemistry." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 5 (2020): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaa096.
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Abstract Background Gender underrepresentation has long existed in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. While there are upward trends in many areas of the life and health sciences, some disciplines are underrepresented in female author numbers, including first and corresponding authors. This study evaluated the participation by women as authors in the field of clinical chemistry. Methods Clinical Chemistry and The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine were selected for data collection. Data were classified into four categories: total number of authors for each article, number of female authors for each article, whether the first author was female, and whether the corresponding author was female. From these data, the percentages of female authors, articles with female first authors, articles with female corresponding authors, and articles where a female was either first or corresponding author were calculated. Results Both journals had ≥40% total female authorship, ≥45% female first author, and 64% female first or corresponding author. The 40% female author number matched the percentage of female doctoral degree, board certified clinical chemists, and the 39% female PhDs and MDs in academic clinical pathology departments. Compared with a selected group of science or medicine journals and gender reports, Clinical Chemistry and The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine exceeded most journals and gender reports in female total authorship, first author, and corresponding author. Conclusions Women are well represented as authors in these two clinical chemistry journals. Both journals compare favorably against other scientific/medical journals. Female authorship in these two journals also parallels gender composition of the field of clinical chemistry.
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Wadhwa, Harsh, Sumedh S. Shah, Judy Shan, et al. "The neurosurgery applicant’s “arms race”: analysis of medical student publication in the Neurosurgery Residency Match." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 6 (2020): 1913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.8.jns191256.
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OBJECTIVENeurosurgery is consistently one of the most competitive specialties for resident applicants. The emphasis on research in neurosurgery has led to an increasing number of publications by applicants seeking a successful residency match. The authors sought to produce a comprehensive analysis of research produced by neurosurgical applicants and to establish baseline data of neurosurgery applicant research productivity given the increased emphasis on research output for successful residency match.METHODSA retrospective review of publication volume for all neurosurgery interns in 2009, 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2018 was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Missing data rates were 11% (2009), 9% (2011), and < 5% (all others). The National Resident Matching Program report “Charting Outcomes in the Match” (ChOM) was interrogated for total research products (i.e., abstracts, presentations, and publications). The publication rates of interns at top 40 programs, students from top 20 medical schools, MD/PhD applicants, and applicants based on location of residency program and medical school were compared statistically against all others.RESULTSTotal publications per neurosurgery intern (mean ± SD) based on PubMed and Google Scholar were 5.5 ± 0.6 in 2018 (1.7 ± 0.3, 2009; 2.1 ± 0.3, 2011; 2.6 ± 0.4, 2014; 3.8 ± 0.4, 2016), compared to 18.3 research products based on ChOM. In 2018, the mean numbers of publications were as follows: neurosurgery-specific publications per intern, 4.3 ± 0.6; first/last author publications, 2.1 ± 0.3; neurosurgical first/last author publications, 1.6 ± 0.2; basic science publications, 1.5 ± 0.2; and clinical research publications, 4.0 ± 0.5. Mean publication numbers among interns at top 40 programs were significantly higher than those of all other programs in every category (p < 0.001). Except for mean number of basic science publications (p = 0.1), the mean number of publications was higher for interns who attended a top 20 medical school than for those who did not (p < 0.05). Applicants with PhD degrees produced statistically more research in all categories (p < 0.05) except neurosurgery-specific (p = 0.07) and clinical research (p = 0.3). While there was no statistical difference in publication volume based on the geographical location of the residency program, students from medical schools in the Western US produced more research than all other regions (p < 0.01). Finally, research productivity did not correlate with likelihood of medical students staying at their home institution for residency.CONCLUSIONSThe authors found that the temporal trend toward increased total research products over time in neurosurgery applicants was driven mostly by increased nonindexed research (abstracts, presentations, chapters) rather than by increased peer-reviewed publications. While we also identified applicant-specific factors (MD/PhDs and applicants from the Western US) and an outcome (matching at research-focused institutions) associated with increased applicant publications, further work will be needed to determine the emphasis that programs and applicants will need to place on these publications.
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Grover, Theresa R., Tiina M. Asikainen, John P. Kinsella, Steven H. Abman та Carl W. White. "Hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α are decreased in an experimental model of severe respiratory distress syndrome in preterm lambs". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292, № 6 (2007): L1345—L1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00372.2006.
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Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) secondary to preterm birth and surfactant deficiency is characterized by severe hypoxemia, lung injury, and impaired production of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Since hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the effects of both NO and VEGF in part through regulation by prolyl-hydroxylase-containing domains (PHDs) in the presence of oxygen, we hypothesized that HIF-1α and -2α in the lung are decreased following severe RDS in preterm neonatal lambs. To test this hypothesis, fetal lambs were delivered at preterm gestation (115-day gestation, term = 145 days; n = 4) and mechanically ventilated for 4 h. Lambs developed respiratory failure characterized by severe hypoxemia despite treatment with mechanical ventilation with high inspired oxygen concentrations. Lung samples were compared with nonventilated control animals at preterm (115-day gestation; n = 3) and term gestation (142-day gestation; n = 3). We found that HIF-1α protein expression decreased ( P < 0.05) and PHD-2 expression increased ( P < 0.005) at birth in normal term animals before air breathing. Compared with age-matched controls, HIF-1α protein and HIF-2α protein expression decreased by 80% and 55%, respectively ( P < 0.005 for each) in preterm lambs with RDS. Furthermore, VEGF mRNA was decreased by 40%, and PHD-2 protein expression doubled in RDS lambs. We conclude that pulmonary expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and the downstream target of their regulation, VEGF mRNA, is impaired following RDS in neonatal lambs. We speculate that early disruption of HIF and VEGF expression after preterm birth and RDS may contribute to long-term abnormalities in lung growth, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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Saminathan, Sasippriya, and K. Geetha. "Real-Time Health Care Monitoring System using IoT." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (2018): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12141.
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Incorporation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in healthcare industry explored the possibilities to optimize the supply of all the available medical resources and provide reliable, efficient healthcare services to the aged people and patients with physical disabilities and chronic illness. In consumer electronics and growing costs of healthcare a vision of connected e-health has evolved which constitute Personal Health Devices (PHD). Present day mobile devices are capable enough to gather data from various sensors and often play a role in physical fitness gateway and then data are collected in PHDs. The network overhead and suitability of the proposed solution for the different environment is presented which includes the integration of different wireless interfaces with cloud services. The work focuses on adapting the MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) communication model. This protocol is preferred over CoAP which is one-one protocol because it is one of the lightweight protocols used in TCP/IP and it has the feature of many to many communication models. The evaluation of the work is on a PHD prototype device and feasibility of the solution is discussed. The proposed work is to design and develop a Real-time healthcare monitoring system using IoT which is featured with Random Forest algorithm for heart disease prediction by gathering patient’s data from various PHD sensors and timely alert the caretaker as well as a doctor by sending messages through MQTT. It monitors the patient’s physiological parameters remotely and diagnoses the heart diseases as early as possible.The main motto is to reduce the cost of healthcare and give people the awareness about health and fitness.
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Wittich, Walter, Lindsey Sikora, Donald H. Watanabe, and Maria Martinez. "Canadian research contributions to low vision rehabilitation: A quantitative systematic review." Canadian Journal of Optometry 74, no. 3 (2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.74.558.
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Purpose: Low vision rehabilitation research is a quickly growing area, due in part to the increase in the demand for services geared at older adults with age-related vision loss. Various professions collaborate to provide such rehabilitation services; however, it is currently unclear which profession takes the leading role in advancing the frontiers of low vision rehabilitation research. A recent review article proposed that in Canada, this role is held by physicians. The present study was conducted to replicate these findings under conditions of a systematic review.
 Method: A search of seven databases and a hand-search of four vision rehabilitation journals identified articles on low vision rehabilitation whose first author had an affiliation at a Canadian institution. Data on professional credentials, funding source, and study content was tabulated.
 Results: Of the 1,870 references, data from 215 eligible articles were extracted. The top four author credentials were optometrists (with or without PhD; 56 papers, 26.0%), followed by researchers with PhDs only (48 papers, 22.3%), researchers with master’s degrees (43 papers, 20.0%), and medical doctors (with or without PhD; 39 papers, 18.1%). Vision rehabilitation journals published 38 per cent of all papers, followed by ophthalmology (27%) and optometry journals (22%). Publications in the past 11 years amounted to over 50 per cent of the output over the 64-year publication history in this field in Canada, 70 per cent of which were based in universities.
 Conclusion: The results reflect the mosaic structure of low vision rehabilitation research in Canada, highlighting collaborations among researchers, clinicians, funding sources and rehabilitation agencies. Given its multidisciplinary nature, low vision rehabilitation research seems to be driven by collaboration among the professions.
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Kwan, Jennifer M., Omar Toubat, Andrew M. Harrison, et al. "A nationwide assessment of perceptions of research-intense academic careers among predoctoral MD and MD-PhD trainees." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, no. 4 (2020): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.18.
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AbstractIntroduction:While previous studies have described career outcomes of physician-scientist trainees after graduation, trainee perceptions of research-intensive career pathways remain unclear. This study sought to identify the perceived interests, factors, and challenges associated with academic and research careers among predoctoral MD trainees, MD trainees with research-intense (>50%) career intentions (MD-RI), and MD-PhD trainees.Methods:A 70-question survey was administered to 16,418 trainees at 32 academic medical centers from September 2012 to December 2014. MD vs. MD-RI (>50% research intentions) vs. MD-PhD trainee responses were compared by chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with academic and research career intentions.Results:There were 4433 respondents (27% response rate), including 2625 MD (64%), 653 MD-RI (15%), and 856 MD-PhD (21%) trainees. MD-PhDs were most interested in pursuing academia (85.8%), followed by MD-RIs (57.3%) and MDs (31.2%). Translational research was the primary career intention for MD-PhD trainees (42.9%). Clinical duties were the primary career intention for MD-RIs (51.9%) and MDs (84.2%). While 39.8% of MD-PhD respondents identified opportunities for research as the most important career selection factor, only 12.9% of MD-RI and 0.5% of MD respondents shared this perspective. Interest in basic research, translational research, clinical research, education, and the ability to identify a mentor were each independently associated with academic career intentions by multivariate regression.Conclusions:Predoctoral MD, MD-RI, and MD-PhD trainees are unique cohorts with different perceptions and interests toward academic and research careers. Understanding these differences may help to guide efforts to mentor the next generation of physician-scientists.
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Roy, Arya Mariam, Tarrant McPherson, Chalothorn Wannaphut, et al. "Research productivity of international medical graduate (IMG) hematology and oncology fellows in the United States (US)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 43, no. 16_suppl (2025): 9003. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.9003.
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9003 Background: IMGs constitute one-third of practicing oncologists in the US. However, there is limited data on their academic contributions. We analyzed the research productivity of IMG hematology-oncology fellows in US fellowship programs. Methods: Hematology-oncology fellows enrolled in an ACGME accredited training program as of June 2024, were identified from publicly available institutional fellowship program websites. Baseline characteristics (presumed gender, institution, additional graduate degrees [AD]) and academic profiles were abstracted. Research productivity data, including number of PubMed-listed manuscripts, original articles, review articles, first-author and senior-author manuscripts, google scholar (GS)-listed abstracts/articles, high-impact (impact factor ≥ 10) articles, citations, H-index, I-10 index were obtained from PubMed and GS. Fellows were categorized as IMGs or AMGs, based on whether they completed medical school outside or within the US, respectively. Chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank-sum/T-tests were used for categorical and numeric variables, respectively. Linear regression identified factors associated with higher research productivity. Results: Out of the total 1,858 fellows included, 42.3% were female, and 11% held ADs (e.g. master’s, PhD). Among all fellows, 30.5% were identified as IMGs. AMGs were more likely than IMGs to hold ADs (12% vs. 8.3%, p=0.019) and PhDs (8.9% vs. 3.4%, p<0.001). However, IMG fellows exhibited significantly higher research productivity, including more manuscripts (mean, 95% CI: 14.9 [12.6, 17.3] vs. 9.5 [8.6, 10.4]), abstracts (14.9 [9.2, 20.6] vs. 7.3 [3.5, 10.9]), review articles (4.9 [3.9, 6.0] vs. 2.4 [2.2, 2.7]), first-author manuscripts (4.3 [3.6, 5.0] vs. 2.7 [2.5, 2.8]), compared to AMGs (all p<0.001), Table 1. IMGs had an estimated 5.7 more manuscripts on average than AMGs after adjusting for gender and ADs (p<0.001); this difference varied by gender (8.7 higher in males, p<0.001, and 2.0 higher in females, p=0.2). Conclusions: IMG hematology-oncology fellows exhibit higher research productivity than their AMG counterparts, despite having fewer additional degrees. Our results highlight the substantial contributions of IMG fellows, underscore their critical role in academic medicine, and emphasize the importance of addressing potential structural barriers to practice at academic medical centers upon graduation. Research profile of IMG/AMG hematology-oncology fellows. Research productivity (median, IQR) IMG (N= 566) AMG (N= 1292) p-value PubMed manuscripts 7.5 (3, 16) 6 (2, 11) <0.001 GS articles 14 (6, 33) 9 (3, 18) <0.001 Abstracts 3 (1, 13) 2 (0, 6) <0.001 Original articles 4 (1, 11) 3 (1, 8) <0.001 Review articles 2 (0, 5) 1 (0, 3) <0.001 First-author manuscripts 2 (0, 5) 2 (0, 4) <0.001 Citations 116 (28, 310) 80 (12, 346) 0.07 H-index 5 (2, 8) 4 (0, 8) 0.003 I-10 index 3 (1, 9) 2 (0, 12) 0.28
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Choi, Bryan D., Michael R. DeLong, David M. DeLong, Allan H. Friedman, and John H. Sampson. "Impact of PhD training on scholarship in a neurosurgical career." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 3 (2014): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.11.jns122370.
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Object The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of neurosurgeons with both medical degrees (MDs) and doctorates (PhDs) at top-ranked US academic institutions and to assess whether the additional doctorate education is associated with substantive career involvement in academia as well as greater success in procuring National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding compared with an MD-only degree. Methods The authors reviewed the training of neurosurgeons across the top 10 neurosurgery departments chosen according to academic impact (h index) to examine whether MD-PhD training correlated significantly with career outcomes in academia. Results Six hundred thirteen neurosurgery graduates and residents between the years 1990 and 2012 were identified for inclusion in this analysis. Both MD and PhD degrees were held by 121 neurosurgeons (19.7%), and an MD alone was held by 492. Over the past 2 decades, MD-PhD trainees represented a gradually increasing percentage of neurosurgeons, from 10.2% to 25.7% (p < 0.01). Of the neurosurgeons with MD-PhD training, a greater proportion had appointments in academic medicine compared with their MD-only peers (73.7% vs 52.3%, p < 0.001). Academic neurosurgeons with both degrees were also more likely to have received NIH funding (51.9% vs 31.8%, p < 0.05) than their single-degree counterparts in academia. In a national analysis of all active NIH R01 grants awarded in neurosurgery, MD-PhD investigators held a disproportionate number, more than 4-fold greater than their representation in the field. Conclusions Dual MD-PhD training is a significant factor that may predict active participation in and funding for research careers among neurological surgeons at top-ranked academic institutions. These findings and their implications are of increasing relevance as the population of neurosurgeons with dual-degree training continues to rise.