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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical physics – mathematics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Barker, Jolene. "APPLICATIONS OF THE BIVARIATE GAMMA DISTRIBUTION IN NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL PHYSICS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1623.

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In this thesis the utility of a bivariate gamma distribution is explored. In the field of nutritional epidemiology a nutrition density transformation is used to reduce collinearity. This phenomenon will be shown to result due to the independent variables following a bivariate gamma model. In the field of radiation oncology paired comparison of variances is often performed. The bivariate gamma model is also appropriate for fitting correlated variances. A method for simulating bivariate gamma random variables is presented. This method is used to generate data from several bivariate gamma models

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2

Caruyer, Emmanuel. "IRM de diffusion du Q-space : Acquisition et pré-traitements." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750144.

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Le but général de cette thèse est de proposer de nouvelles méthodes d'acquisition et de traitement du signal en imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) de diffusion, dans le but d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives dans la reconstruction de la structure de la matière blanche \emph{in vivo}. L'IRM de diffusion est une technique d'imagerie non invasive qui mesure localement, en chaque voxel, la diffusion des molécules d'eau. Le déplacement de ces dernières étant contraint par la présence de tissus, le fait de pouvoir caractériser la diffusion des molécules d'eau apporte des informations sur la nat

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3

Valor, Sabatier Josep. "Mathematical tools and budgetary mechanisms for hospital cost control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29513.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Harvard--Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1985.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE<br>Bibliography: leaves 140-146.<br>by Josep Valor Sabatier.<br>Sc.D.

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4

Hayward, Robert M. "A Coarse Mesh Transport Method with general source treatment for medical physics." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31696.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.<br>Committee Chair: Rahnema, Farzad; Committee Member: Wang, Chris; Committee Member: Zhang, Dingkang. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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5

Carley, David William. "The stability of respiratory control in man : mathematical and experimental analyses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17192.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--M.I.T., Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1985.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIECNE.<br>Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>by David William Carley.<br>Ph.D.

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6

Cuerpo, Joanna Valencia. "Studies on yeasts of medical importance from Stockton, California." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2235.

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This study deals with the identification of 114 yeast isolates from clinical material collected at Dameron Hospital, Stockton, California between August 15, 1990 and September 16, 1991 . The isolates were identified biochemically using the MicroScan Yeast Identification Panel. All isolates were also tested by four conventional cultural methods: germ tube formation, cycloheximide resistance, chlamydospore production, and spidery colony formation. Biochemically, the yeast isolates were identified to nine species of Candida: C. albicans (ll) , C. tropicalis (8), c. stellatoidea (3), c. guilliermo

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7

LI, QI. "ENERGY EFFICIENT EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN FOR MEDICAL CARE SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1624.

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Recent surveys on medical service systems show that the cost of patient monitoring has grown significantly. The widespread use of portable digital medical device makes it possible to provide a more comprehensive tracking of patient conditions. However, the development of a full scale, distributed health monitoring system is much delayed due to the lack of efficient wireless communication in a large distributed network. This becomes a challenging research topic which is to find a way to provide accurate and real time patient information to medical experts in a fast, efficient and cost effective

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8

Altaf, Fouzia. "Deep learning augmentation for medical image analysis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2603.

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Deep learning is at the center of the current rise of computer aided diagnosis in medical imaging. This technology has the ability to mimic extremely complex mathematical functions for predictive tasks. These functions are encoded as computational models that are learned directly from data. Deep learning models are known to achieve human-level accuracy for predictive tasks. However, such a performance requires that the model is trained on a huge amount of training data. For computer aided diagnosis tasks, the relevant training data needs to be carefully annotated by medical experts. This proce

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9

Smith, Rebecca. "Analysis of Medical Images by Colonies of Prehending Entities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2095.

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The concept of emergent behavior is difficult to define, but can be considered as higher-level activity created by the individual actions of a population of simple agents. A potential means to model such behavior has been previously developed using Alfred North Whitehead's concept of Actual Entities. In computational form, actual entities are agents which evolve over time in response to interactions with their environment via the process of prehension. This occurs within the context of a Colony of Prehending Entities, a framework for implementation of AE concepts. This thesis explores the prac

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10

Freitas, Juliana Campos de. "O Uso de Mateheurísticas Para o Problema de Escolha dos Feixes de um Modelo de Otimização Aplicado ao Problema de Planejamento de Radioterapia." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181650.

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Orientador: Daniela Renata Cantane<br>Resumo: A escolha do conjunto de feixes e a intensidade de dose a ser depositada nos tecidos são problemas de suma importância para se obter um eficiente planejamento da radioterapia, uma vez que o melhor conjunto de feixes é escolhido de maneira que haja uma melhor distribuição de dose no tumor e proteção das células sadias. Para um melhor planejamento, diversos modelos de otimização estão sendo propostos utilizando metaheurísticas e/ou métodos exatos para a resolução dos mesmos. Este trabalho consiste em propor um modelo de programação não linear inteiro

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11

Lu, Andy. "Forensic analysis on wireless medical devices." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2541.

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The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is forecast to grow to over 25 billion by 2030, with the healthcare IoT market projected to grow to 25.9% of IoT devices by 2028 worldwide. However, with new and growing technologies come new types of risks. Current risk assessment and risk management methods haven’t been designed to anticipate or predict these risks. IoT risks relate to openness and lack of standardisation, linking and connectivity between the devices and the lack of skilled support for IoT devices and networks. These factors put medical IoT devices and, by extension, their users

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12

Roncancio, Daniel. "Aptamer Sensors for Drugs of Abuse and Medical Biomarkers: Design, Engineering and Application in Complex Samples." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3826.

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Aptamers are short oligonucleotide sequences (DNA or RNA) capable of high affinity and specific binding to a molecule or a family of molecules. Aptamers are lower in cost and exhibit higher reproducibility when compared to antibodies and thus are well-suited for recognition and detection of small molecular targets such as drugs of abuse and small medical biomarkers. While aptamers have been extensively utilized for development of small molecule sensors, several limitations prevent measurements of complex or real-world samples. This dissertation describes methods, technologies, and assays that

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13

Mendez, Kevin. "Metabolomic profiles of asthma phenotypes: From cross-sectional cohorts to longitudinal trajectories using electronic medical records." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2024. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2858.

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Asthma is a heterogeneous lung disease characterized by diverse clinical presentations, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment responses. Understanding the varied clinical presentations, known as asthma phenotypes, aids in elucidating the underlying biological processes and improving treatment strategies. These phenotypes encompass measures of airway hyperresponsiveness, atopy, lung function, and inflammation, driven by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Investigating and characterizing the metabolomic profiles —reflecting both genetic and environmental influences— assoc

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14

Wenan, Chen. "Automated Measurement of Midline Shift in Brain CT Images and its Application in Computer-Aided Medical Decision Making." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/121.

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The severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be characterized by the shift of the middle line in brain as the ventricular system often changes in size and position, depending on the location of the original injury. In this thesis, the focus is given to processing of the CT (Computer Tomography) brain images to automatically calculate midline shift in pathological cases and use it to predict Intracranial Pressure (ICP). The midline shift measurement can be divided into three steps. First the ideal midline of the brain, i.e., the midline before injury, is found via a hierarchical sea

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Sample, Scott Alexander. "Evaluation of Beam Angle Scoring Using MCNP and Applied to IMRT." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14570.

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Equispaced beam arrangements are typically used for IMRT plans. This beam arrangement provides adequate dose coverage to the target while sparing dose to other structures. However, an equispaced beam arrangement may not provide the best dose coverage to the target while sparing dose to the other structures. Beam angle optimization attempts to optimize the beam directions to produce a better IMRT plan; this is achieved by increasing dose to the target while minimizing dose to the remaining structures. Most methods of beam angle optimization attempt to optimize the beam angles and the beam

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16

Ahmed, Anwar. "COST AND ACCURACY COMPARISONS IN MEDICAL TESTING USING SEQUENTIAL TESTING STRATEGIES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/103.

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The practice of sequential testing is followed by the evaluation of accuracy, but often not by the evaluation of cost. This research described and compared three sequential testing strategies: believe the negative (BN), believe the positive (BP) and believe the extreme (BE), the latter being a less-examined strategy. All three strategies were used to combine results of two medical tests to diagnose a disease or medical condition. Descriptions of these strategies were provided in terms of accuracy (using the maximum receiver operating curve or MROC) and cost of testing (defined as the proportio

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17

Hinshaw, Kaitlyn. "The Role of Type-2 Cannabinoid Receptors in Calcification of Atherosclerotic Lesions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/98.

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Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of cholesterol, fat and other debris within arterial walls. Atherosclerotic lesions undergo a calcification process with similarities to bone remodeling. In mice, the type-2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2) is known to regulate bone remodeling processes and has also been shown to alter atherosclerotic lesion characteristics. However, the role of CB2 in lesion calcification is still unclear. CB2 modulates bone remodeling by affecting differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells; thus we hypothesize that CB2

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18

Hilton, Brian J. "Cationic Steroid Antimicrobials: Applications to Medical Device Coatings, Mechanism of Pro-Osteogenic Properties, and Potential Synergy with Common Antifungals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9133.

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Cationic steroid antimicrobials (CSAs or ceragenins) are a novel class of synthetic, cholic acid-based mimics of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. These small molecule compounds display broad bactericidal activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, potent ability against fungal pathogens, and cidal effects against drug resistant and multidrug resistant microbes. Implantable medical devices provide an abiotic surface upon which bacteria and fungi can accumulate--thereby leading to localized or systemic infection. We proposed that CSA antibiotics can be incorporated into medical

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19

Saleem, Afsah. "Machine learning for computer-aided diagnostics from complex medical images." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2025. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2927.

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Machine learning has significantly transformed medical image analysis in the current age of artificial intelligence offering vast potential in improving disease diagnosis and management. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading cause of global mortality, emphasizing the need for early detection for effective intervention and prevention. Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) is an early indicator and contributor to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (ASCVDs) and is commonly assessed through imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), X-rays, and Dual-energy X-ray Absorp

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20

Rigaud, Gaël. "Study of generalized Radon transforms and applications in Compton scattering tomography." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945739.

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Since the advent of the first ionizing radiation imaging devices initiated by Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield and Allan MacLeod Cormack, Nobel Prizes in 1979, the requirement for new non-invasive imaging techniques has grown. These techniques rely upon the properties of penetration in the matter of X and gamma radiation for detecting a hidden structure without destroying the illuminated environment. They are used in many fields ranging from medical imaging to non-destructive testing through. However, the techniques used so far suffer severe degradation in the quality of measurement and reconstructe

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21

Abela, Brandon. "Detecting diabetic foot osteomyelitis in plain radiographic images using Deep Learning." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2024. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2843.

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Diabetic Foot Disease (DFD) costs the Australian healthcare system $1.6 billion annually. A type of DFD is Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis (DFO) which is a bone infection. Diagnosis of DFO currently involves an initial X-ray of the foot examined by a clinician, but due to the poor accuracy of this technique (68.91% sensitivity; 77.99% specificity), in many cases, a second[1]line approach is required. Typically, suspicion needs to be confirmed with more time consuming and expensive methods, such as probe-to-bone test or MRI (95.76% sensitivity; 81.79% specificity), which slows down treatment acquis

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22

Van, Cleve Shelley Marie. "Synthesis of a Resveratrol Glycinate Derivative." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1312.

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Recently, the compound resveratrol has had media attention as an anti carcinogen. However, the bioavailability of resveratrol is low in the human system due to its hydrophobic nature. Therefore, it must be administered in high dosages to be effective. A plethora of derivatives have been synthesized that have the potential of resveratrol but sadly share low bioavailability. The first effort of this research was an attempt to produce a more hydrophilic ester of resveratrol. Failing this, the final product was synthesized using a glycine derivative to produce 4-[(1E)-2-(3,5-diacetyloxyphenyl)ethe

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23

Samoshin, Andrey V. "Diastereoselective acylation of trans-2-substituted-cyclohexanols and glycosidase inhibition studies." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/275.

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Part I. The reaction between chiral acyl chlorides and trans -2-substituted-cyclohexanols proceeds diastereoselectively, i.e. produces mixtures of unequal amounts of diastereomers. We found for the first time that addition of pyridine or diisopropylethylamine accelerates the acylation, and unexpectedly for some substituents (RX) may completely invert its diastereoselectivity. These observations have been rationalized in terms of a stereoselective intramolecular assistance by the RX group to the acylation of the neighboring hydroxyl ("bait-and-hook" mechanism). A series of trans -2-substituted-

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24

Herrin, Amy Elizabeth. "Assessing, Modifying, and Combining Data Fields from the Virginia Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) Dataset and the Virginia Department of Forensic Science (DFS) Datasets in Order to Compare Concentrations of Selected Drugs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1057.

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The Medical Examiner of Virginia (ME) dataset and the Virginia Department of Forensic Science Driving Under the Influence of Drugs (DUI) datasets were used to determine whether people have the potential to develop tolerances to diphenhydramine, cocaine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone, and morphine. These datasets included the years 2000-2004 and were used to compare the concentrations of these six drugs between people who died from a drug-related cause of death (of the drug of interest) and people who were pulled over for driving under the influence. Three drug pattern groups were created t

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Lynch, Jonathan D. "Breaking the Organic Mold: Introducing Copper into the Influenza A Arena with Neutral and Divalent Complexes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8677.

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Influenza A (IVA) continues to pose a growing global threat even as current medications are becoming less effective. One of the main avenues of research into new anti-IVA drugs is its homotetrameric Matrix 2 proton channel (M2A), without which the virus would be unable to release its viral RNA into the host cell. The drug amantadine used to bind and block M2A until near-ubiquitous resistance formed as an M2A-S31N mutation, starting around 1995 and proceeding to 2005 when amantadine was disallowed for use as an anti-IVA drug. The standard organic structure currently being used for M2A inhibitor

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26

Mehraban, Nahid. "Synthesis of Phenothiazinium Derivatives." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1464.

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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of cancer involves radiating photosensitizing drugs with light in tumors, which results in generating active singlet oxygen that kills cancer cells. Photosensitizers currently used in PDT are of low quantum yield and require high energy radiation, normally laser. Therefore there is always need for more effective PDT drugs. In this project we synthesized new derivatives of phenothiazinium for potential applications in PDT. Phenothiazinium was synthesized and derivatized by linking it to side groups containing imidazole rings. These derivatives are also expected to cat

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27

Mai, Yvonne M. "Use of various health care providers and the associated clinical and humanistic outcomes in an ambulatory Medicare population." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/265.

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Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and other non-physician health care providers (dentists, optometrists, etc.) has steadily increased in the United States; however, the associated outcomes reported in the Medicare beneficiary population are limited. Objective: To evaluate the utilization of different healthcare providers by Medicare beneficiaries and assess resultant beneficiary outcomes. Methods: Fourteen outreach events targeting Medicare beneficiaries were conducted throughout Northern/Central California during the 2014 open enrollment period. Trained stude

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Tejomurthula, Sravanthi. "Overexpression of Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in E.coli Using Two Different Solubility Enhancing Tags." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/261.

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Dioxins such as TCDD are environment pollutants whose toxic effects are mediated via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. AhR is a ligand sensitive transcription factor. The unbound AhR resides in cytoplasm as a complex containing p23, Hsp90 and XAP2. Upon ligand binding, AhR undergoes conformational change and translocates into the nucleus. Once the AhR dimerizes with AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt), the chaperone proteins in the complex get dissociated followed by the activation of transcription of various genes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 by AhR-ARNT heterodimer. Various cancers

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Patlolla, Karthik Reddy. "Predicting aqueous solubility of pharmaceutical agents by solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation method." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/268.

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Solubility of active pharmaceutical agents is a crucial process that determines drug absorption and ultimately its bioavailability. Many of the new therapeutically beneficial compounds discovered are lipophilic requiring various solubility enhancement strategies to improve their solubility. Among these strategies, solubility enhancement using solid dispersions is a leading method. To obtain a desirable increase in the solubility of a poorly-soluble compound, a good understanding of the molecular descriptors influencing the enhancement of solubility is essential. Therefore, the major research o

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Yang, Dazhou. "Synthesis and biophysical evaluation of thiazole orange derivatives as DNA binding ligands." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/141.

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Guanine-rich telomeric DNA at the end of chromosomes can form a unique DNA tertiary structure - G-quadruplex, which is known to inhibit the binding of telomerase to telomeric regions in cancer cells and thus regulate unrestricted cancer cell growth. Hence, G-quadruplex DNA has recently become a promising target in oncology. The formation of G-quadruplex structures is greatly facilitated by G-quadruplex binding ligands such as Thiazole orange (TO). Compared with other G-quadruplex binding ligands, TO has an intriguing tunable fluorescence property. Upon binding to DNA, the fluorescence of TO ca

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Naidu, Prathyusha. "Catalase-loaded liposomal magnesium phosphate nanoparticles for intracellular protein delivery." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/266.

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Proteins are large biomolecules that have great therapeutic potential in treating many human diseases. Proteins exert higher specificity and more complicated functions; they are well endured and less inclined to evoke immune responses when compared to small molecule drugs. However, exogenous proteins when administered intravenously are prone to immune reactions. Chemical and enzymatic denaturation, and poor penetration into cells are some other challenges for clinical use of intracellular proteins. Proteins that enter cells through endocytosis will be eventually degraded in lysosomes if they d

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Kondepudi, Karthik Chalam. "Computational prediction of enhanced solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs prepared by hot melt method." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/267.

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Solubility is the concentration of a solute in a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility of a drug in aqueous media is a pre-requisite to achieve desired concentration of a drug in the systemic circulation. Low aqueous solubility is a major problem encountered with formulation development of recently designed new chemical entities. Solubility of poorly soluble drugs is enhanced by physical and chemical modifications of drug. Shake flask method is the most commonly used experimental method to determine solubility. However, this method has several limitations. A single

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Vutukuru, Naresh Kumar Reddy. "Apparent dissolution rate enhancement of poorly-water soluble drugs by adsorption technique." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/269.

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Nearly 70% of the new chemical entities (NCE’s) discovered are poorly-water soluble drugs and the number of poorly-water soluble drugs are increasing rapidly in the drug discovery. Most of the NCE’s are lipophilic and have dissolution rate issues. Low dissolution rate of the drugs result in poor bioavailability. To overcome poor bioavailability, an adsorption technique is developed to enhance the apparent dissolution rate of poorly-water soluble drugs. In this study, two poor-water soluble model drugs, ibuprofen and carvedilol were used. Methanol, DMF, DMSO and PEG400 were used as solvents and

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Vangala, Swathi. "Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 Over-Expressing IEC-18 and MDCK Cell Lines as an In-Vitro Model to Assess Gut Permeability and the Enzyme Metabolism." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/273.

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Purpose. The fate of an orally administered drug is dependent on many parameters before it can reach the systemic circulation, including drug absorption and first-pass metabolism in the gut and the liver. Mammalian cells lines such as MDCK and Caco-2 are commonly employed to assess drug permeability but they lack or have low expression level of drug metabolism enzyme expression such as CYP3A4, which contributes to significant first-pass gut and liver metabolism for many drugs. Consequently, these cell lines are not sufficient to integrate metabolism when assessing drug absorption. Here, we tes

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Nannapaneni, Vijaysri. "Preparation of amorphous forms to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs using spray drying." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/274.

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Spray drying is widely used in enhancing the aqueous solubility of poorly soluble compounds. In this study, the mechanism of solubility enhancement was characterized using three model drugs-naproxen, ketoprofen and furosemide. Physical mixtures of the model drug with polyvinylpyrrolidine and spray dried composites were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Sprectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRPD). The data showed that the crystalline model drugs were converted to amorphous form upon spray drying, whereas the physical mixtures did not c

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Easter, Chrissa Michelle Mozaffari. "A tale of two small oxygenated molecules as told by photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/263.

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Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence (PEPICO) Spectroscopy studies on two small oxygenated species are presented here. Diethyl Ether (Et2O) and Acetic Anhydride (AcOAc) were chosen because of their and their fragments' relevance to combustion chemistry. The Imaging PEPICO (iPEPICO) experiment at the VUV beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) was utilized to provide dissociative ionization data of the two molecules of interest. In this experiment, the unimolecular fragmentation pathways of energy selected ions can be studied with high energy resolution. The iPEPICO experimental setup also allow

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Ansari, Sardar. "Optimization and Spatial Queueing Models to Support Multi-Server Dispatching Policies with Multiple Servers per Station." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3249.

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In this thesis, we propose novel optimization and spatial queueing models that expand the currently existing methods by allowing multiple servers to be located at the same station and multiple servers to be dispatched to a single call. In particular, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is introduced that determines how to locate and dispatch ambulances such that the coverage level is maximized. The model allows multiple servers to be located at the same station and balances the workload among them while maintaining contiguous first priority response districts. We also propose an ex

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Borkar, Sampada N. "Very accurate gas-phase thermochemistry through photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/144.

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Five projects are presented here that use Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence (PEPICO) Spectroscopy to determine high-accuracy thermochemical data on small and intermediate size molecules and radicals that are relevant in modeling combustion and atmospheric processes. Some of the experiments were carried out on the laboratory-based Threshold PEPICO (TPEPICO) apparatus which has the advantage of having a low-temperature inlet system and unlimited measurement time, while most of the projects involved the use of the Imaging PEPICO (iPEPICO) apparatus at the Swiss Light Source, which is capable to

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Ponnakanti, Himaja. "Soluble and Functional Overexpression of the Ligand Binding Domain of Mouse Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in E.Coli." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/260.

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytosolic ligand-activated transcription factor whose toxicity and carcinogenesis is mediated through various polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other environmental pollutants. The role of AhR in carcinogenesis is an area of concern due its altered levels in various tumors. AhR binds structurally diverse ligands and may elicit different responses upon ligand binding. The crystal structure of mouse AhR PAS-A domain was already obtained due to the robustness of mouse AhR in comparison to human. There is a possibility of overexpressing mouse AhR ligand binding

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Fang, Yunzhou. "A novel intracellular protein delivery system - Magnesium phosphate nanoparticles with cationic lipid coating for catalase intracellular delivery." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/270.

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Protein therapeutics have great potential in treating human disease, especially for those caused by alternations in the functions of intracellular proteins. However, clinical use of protein by intracellular delivery has been hampered by the instability due to proteins' physicochemical properties, and some barriers in the delivery pathway. This study was to prepare and test a novel intracellular protein delivery system - magnesium phosphate nanoparticles with cationic lipid coating for catalase intracellular delivery (LP MgP NP-CAT), and investigate whether it can release the encapsulated catal

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Sachdeva, Sameer. "Design and applications of antibody mimics against epidermal growth factor receptor." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/132.

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Antibodies have been widely used as reagents, homing devices, diagnostics and as therapeutic agents against different targets in clinic and research. Recently a number of monoclonal antibodies and their drug conjugates have been approved as therapeutic agents. While these molecules have great potential in various applications and therapeutics, extensive use of full length antibodies has been hampered by the high cost of production, large molecular weight and limited ability to penetrate tumor tissues. These limitations have led to the research for antibody alternatives with lower molecular wei

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Sun, Jingjing. "Exploring the effect of alpha2 receptor on brain 5-HT via a mechanism-based pharmacodynamic model." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/154.

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Purpose: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in depression. It is believed that α 1 and α 2 adrenoceptors mediate the 5-HT level in the brain. The mechanism is complex and not well explored. Especially in different combination treatments, the receptor systems may show varied modulation capability. Additionally, some research has suggested that α 2 heteroceptors may contribute to the time delay problem in dual depression treatment which is thought as the time needed for certain inhibition receptor to get desensitized. We hypothesized that the α 2 adrenoceptors had inhibi

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Tsai, Yi-Ju. "Two approaches to the design and synthesis of bimetallic complexes." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/272.

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Dirhodium complexes have been known for their catalytic reactivities toward C-H bond activation for nearly two decades. However, both experimental and theoretical studies have not given a clear explanation on the roles of each metal in the reactivities, largely due to the limited number of available bimetallic species. To study the system systematically, we set our goal to synthesize bimetallic complexes from two independent approaches. In the first approach, five N, N’ -diarylformamidines with symmetric or asymmetric substituents on the phenyl groups were synthesized and fully characterized.

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Ho, Dan. "BAYESIAN-DERIVED VANCOMYCIN AUC24H THRESHOLD FOR NEPHROTOXICITY IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS." Scholarly Commons, 2021. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3760.

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A Bayesian-derived 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve over minimum inhibitory concentration from broth microdilution (AUC24h/MICBMD) ratio of 400 to 600 is recommended as the new monitoring parameter for vancomycin to optimize efficacy and minimize nephrotoxicity. The AUC24h threshold of 600 mg*h/L for nephrotoxicity was extrapolated from studies that assessed the general population. It is unclear if this upper threshold is consistent or varies when used in special populations such as critically ill patients, obese patients, patients with preexisting renal disease, and patients

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Stowell, Yoshiko Katori. "Mechanistic study of nanoemulsion absorption and its application for permeation enhancement." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/139.

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Oil in water (o/w) nanoemulsion is a two-phase dispersed system in which the oil can incorporate poorly water soluble drugs to form a liquid dosage form. The enhancement of bioavailability with a use of nanoemulsion has often been reported empirically and speculated to be a result of the enhanced dissolution due to a larger surface area, however, the mechanism of nanoemulsion permeation was yet to be explored. The goal of this dissertation was to understand the mechanism of nanoemulsion permeation and to control permeation and bioavailability. The first objective was to delineate the effect of

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Estari, Rohit Kumar. "Effect of rutaecarpine on caffeine pharmacokinetics in rats." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/276.

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Many people like to drink caffeinated beverages, such as coffee or tea, but are sensitive to effects of caffeine. Therefore, they either avoid drinking caffeinated beverages altogether, or they avoid drinking them close to bedtime to prevent caffeine from interfering with their sleep. Ruta Cleanse and Ruta Sleep are natural supplements containing rutaecarpine that are designed to speed up the removal of caffeine from the blood. The recommendation is to take two capsules (equivalent to 100 mg rutaecarpine), as needed, to reduce caffeine level. Customers have reported positive effects, when take

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Shallal, Hassan M. "The discovery and anticancer preclinical investigation of novel piperazinylpyrimidine derivatives designed to target the human kinome." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/158.

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The current dissertation describes a multidisciplinary research project centered on the discovery and investigation of the anticancer activities exhibited by novel piperazinylpyrimidine derivatives designed to target kinases protein family. Primary screening of the antiproliferative effects implemented by these successfully synthesized new agents has resulted in the candidacy of 4 , 15 , and 16 as not only prototype representatives of the class, but surprisingly also as optimized agents for either globally cytotoxic, 16 , or selectively cytostatic, 4 and 15 , agents. Subjecting 4 , 15 , and 16

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Buen, Zachary. "Establishment of gas-phase thermochemical values of various small organic compounds and oligopeptides." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/262.

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The thesis describes utilizing mass spectrometry and computational methods to study two groups of molecular systems: small organic molecules and oligopeptides. The gas-phase acidities were measured and the structures of the molecular species were calculated. The small molecules investigated included methylparaben, ibuprofen, and triclosan, all known to have some biological activity. The gas-phase acidity measurements made for these small molecules had the solvent and collisional gas pressures adjusted in order to observe their potential influences. The results obtained provide insight into the

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Zhou, Zhu. "Exploring the effects of 5-HT2A and AMPA receptors on brain 5-HT via a mechanism-based pharmacodynamic model." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/143.

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Depression is a common mood disorder. Although major ethical challenges make it nearly impossible to invasively and directly measure serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels in human brains, neuroimaging technologies have shown macroscopic structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of depressed patients. The monoamine hypothesis of depression is based on the neurotransmitter imbalance, such as deceased serotonin brain levels are implicated in the cause of depression. Research has focused on the control mechanisms involved in the dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) which

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Batoon, Patrick Henry M. "Thermochemical differences in lysine and lysine-homolog containing oligopeptides: Determination of basicity and gas-phase structure through mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and computational chemistry." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/127.

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The data presented in this thesis is a comprehensive study on the nature of peptide structure and how subtle and systematic changes in sequence and sidechain affect the basicity, ion stability, and conformation of a peptide. The peptides characterized were acetylated polyalanine di-, tri-, and tetra- peptides containing a proton-accepting probe: lysine and or the non-proteinogenic lysine-homologs: ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, and 2,3-diaminopropionic acid. Peptides were studied in isomeric pairs for which the basic amino acid was placed closest to the N-terminus or the C-terminus of eac

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